--- title: "Free Online Tools That Run in Your Browser" description: "Free online tools for PDFs, images, text, code and calculations. Process files and text on your device, with no upload and no account required." url: https://candoya.com/ locale: en type: homepage --- # Free online tools that run in your browser. Merge PDFs, resize images, clean up text, format code and calculate answers. Your files and text are processed on your device, with no account required. ## Find the right tool by category. ### [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) Check a word limit, compare two drafts or clean text copied from a PDF. Choose counters, text converters and writing helpers for the task at hand. ### [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) Make a photo smaller, crop a banner or convert between image formats. Inspect dimensions and metadata before choosing how to export it. ### [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) Combine attachments, extract selected pages or turn a PDF into text. Choose a tool for page edits, document inspection, forms or signatures. ### [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) Inspect a payload, format code or convert a data file. Find JSON, CSV, encoding, hashing and identifier tools with inputs kept on your device. ### [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) Convert a measurement, check a time zone or calculate a date interval. Select the exact unit or date convention before using the result. ### [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) Convert a color value, compare text contrast or build a palette. Preview gradients and CSS effects before copying them into a design. ### [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) Work out a percentage, compare a loan scenario or check a fraction. Each calculator explains its inputs so you can interpret the answer. ### [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) Play a short puzzle, make bingo cards or practice typing. Open a game for a break or prepare an activity for a group. ### [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) Prepare a clip, edit a subtitle file or make a profile QR code. Find audio, video and on-device AI tools for publishing tasks. ### [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) Draft metadata, preview a search snippet or generate a sitemap. Check the markup and URLs you intend to publish before adding them to a site. ## Your browser does the work. We never see the file. Your files and text are processed on your device. Some tools download code or an AI model before they can work; the processing itself stays in your browser. ### Private by design Every tool runs locally in your browser. Your files and text never leave your device - nothing is uploaded. ### Fast by default No server round-trip for the work itself. Open a tool, make the change and keep going. ### Open without an account No email gate or setup ritual. The useful part is available the moment you arrive. [Browse all 428 tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "About CanDoYa - Aleksandr Shelestov" description: "Meet Aleksandr Shelestov, the Tech Lead behind CanDoYa, with more than 20 years of software experience. Business details, browser privacy and contact information." url: https://candoya.com/about/ locale: en type: about --- # About CanDoYa CanDoYa is a growing collection of free online tools that run entirely in your browser. No uploads, no sign-up, no watching ads while a spinner turns. You open a page, the tool works, and your data stays on your device. ## Aleksandr Shelestov ![Portrait of Aleksandr Shelestov](https://candoya.com/images/aleksandr-shelestov.jpg) I'm Aleksandr Shelestov, a Tech Lead with more than 20 years of experience developing software. I put security first, including in how I build CanDoYa: the tools process your files and text on your device. I run CanDoYa through JustOneDev, my business in Serbia. **Aleksandr Shelestov PR JustOneDev** Jurija Gagarina 231, Serbia [a@justonedev.co](mailto:a@justonedev.co) - [@justonedev on X](https://x.com/justonedev) ## What we make We build small, focused tools for everyday tasks: counting words, formatting JSON, encoding and decoding text, checking color contrast, and more. Each one does a single job well, loads fast, and gives you a useful result without extra setup. We add new English-language tools regularly as the collection grows. ## Why everything runs in your browser CanDoYa processes the files and text you give its tools on your device. The site serves the code, and some tools download an additional library or AI model before they can run. Your input is not uploaded to a server for processing. Many tools keep working after they have loaded, but offline use depends on the tool and whether its required assets have already downloaded. The site also uses privacy-friendly analytics to understand page usage; see the [privacy policy](/privacy/) for details. ## How we keep it free The tools here are free and we intend to keep them that way. Some pages link to a paid app when a task needs more than a browser can comfortably handle, like processing large batches or saving your work across devices. Using those apps is always optional, and the free tools never depend on them. ## Contact us Have a question, a bug report, or an idea for a tool we should build? We would love to hear from you. Email is the fastest way to reach us, and you can also find us on X. - Email: [a@justonedev.co](mailto:a@justonedev.co) - X: [@justonedev](https://x.com/justonedev) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Privacy Policy" description: "How CanDoYa handles your data: in short, we don't collect it. Our tools run in your browser, so your files and text never leave your device." url: https://candoya.com/privacy/ locale: en type: legal --- # Privacy Policy The short version: CanDoYa's tools run entirely in your browser, so the content you work with never reaches us. This page explains exactly what that means and the little data the site itself uses to function. Updated: Last updated: June 2026 ## Your files and text never leave your device Every tool on CanDoYa processes your input locally, in your browser, using JavaScript. The words you count, the JSON you format, the images or files you open: none of it is uploaded to a server, because there is no server doing the work. We cannot see your content, and we never store it. ## What we collect We aim to collect as little as possible. - **No account.** You do not sign up, so we hold no name, email, or password. - **No content.** The data you put into a tool stays on your device. - **Basic analytics.** We may use privacy-respecting, aggregate analytics to understand which tools are useful, such as page views and rough country. This is not tied to your identity. ## Cookies and local storage CanDoYa does not use tracking cookies. We use your browser's local storage for small preferences, like remembering whether you chose light or dark mode. That stays in your browser and you can clear it at any time from your browser settings. ## Third parties We keep outside services to a minimum. The site serves its own web fonts and may link to our paid apps or to X. We do not sell or share your data with advertisers, because we do not have your tool input to sell. ## Children's privacy CanDoYa is a general-audience site and is not directed at children under 13. We do not knowingly collect personal information from children. ## Changes to this policy If we update this policy, we will change the date at the top of this page. Because our approach is to not collect your content in the first place, we expect changes to be rare. ## Contact Questions about privacy? Email us at [a@justonedev.co](mailto:a@justonedev.co) and we will get back to you. --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Terms of Service" description: "The simple terms for using CanDoYa's free browser tools: what you can expect from us, and what we ask of you." url: https://candoya.com/terms/ locale: en type: legal --- # Terms of Service These terms cover your use of CanDoYa and its free tools. By using the site you agree to them. We have tried to keep them short and readable rather than burying the point in legal boilerplate. Updated: Last updated: June 2026 ## Using CanDoYa CanDoYa's tools are free to use for personal and commercial work. You do not need an account. You are responsible for the content you process with the tools and for making sure you have the right to use it. ## Acceptable use Please use the site reasonably. Do not try to break, overload, or misuse it, do not use it for anything unlawful, and do not attempt to scrape or republish the site as your own. We may restrict access if the site is being abused. ## No warranty The tools are provided "as is" and "as available", without warranties of any kind. We work to keep them accurate and online, but we cannot guarantee they will be error-free, uninterrupted, or fit for a particular purpose. Always check important results yourself. ## Limitation of liability To the extent allowed by law, CanDoYa and justonedev are not liable for any loss or damage arising from your use of the site, including lost data or work. Since the tools run in your browser and we do not store your content, you are in control of your own data. ## Intellectual property The CanDoYa name, design, and the code behind the site belong to justonedev. The content you create or process with the tools remains yours. We claim no rights over your input or output. ## Links to other services Some pages link to our paid apps or to third-party sites. Those services have their own terms and privacy policies, and we are not responsible for their content. Using any paid app is optional. ## Changes to these terms We may update these terms from time to time. When we do, we will change the date at the top of this page. Continuing to use the site means you accept the updated terms. ## Contact Questions about these terms? Email us at [a@justonedev.co](mailto:a@justonedev.co). --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "All tools" description: "Browse free, private tools that run entirely in your browser - no uploads, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ locale: en type: tool-directory --- # All tools Browse free, private tools that run entirely in your browser - no uploads, no sign-up. ## [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) Count words, format, clean up and transform text. - [Add Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/add-line-breaks/): Add line breaks to text by separator, sentence, word or word count. Format lists and paragraphs instantly in your browser with no upload. - [Add Line Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-line-numbers/): Add line numbers to text online with custom starts, increments, styles and zero-padding. Blank lines stay intact, and your text stays private. - [Anagram Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-solver/): Use this free anagram solver to unscramble letters into exact anagrams and shorter English words. Add wildcards and filters, all in your browser. - [Business Name Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-name-generator/): Generate brandable business name ideas free online. Type a keyword, pick a style, and get short company, startup and brand names with matching .com domains. Runs in your browser. - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/): Free online case converter. Convert text to UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, Capitalize Words, aLtErNaTiNg or iNvErSe in your browser. - [Camel Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/camel-case-converter/): Free camel case converter for text, snake_case, kebab-case and PascalCase. Convert live to camelCase or PascalCase in your browser. - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/): Free online character counter to count characters with and without spaces instantly. Live limits for X, SMS and meta descriptions. Runs in your browser. - [Email Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/email-extractor-from-text/): Free email extractor from text, HTML, logs, or notes. Remove duplicates, sort, lowercase, and copy a clean list privately in your browser. - [Find and Replace](https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/): Find and replace text online with case, whole-word and regex controls. Preview every change instantly, then copy the result. Free and private. - [Kebab Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/kebab-case-converter/): Free kebab case converter for text, camelCase, PascalCase and messy identifiers. Convert live to kebab-case for slugs and code. - [Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/lorem-ipsum-generator/): Free lorem ipsum generator. Create placeholder paragraphs, sentences, words or list items instantly, copy as plain text or HTML. No sign-up. - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/): Free online line counter to count total, non-empty and blank lines instantly. Paste text and get line length stats in your browser. - [Markdown to Plain Text](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-plain-text/): Convert Markdown to plain text instantly. Remove headings, emphasis, links, tables and code fences while keeping readable content in your browser. - [Morse Code Translator](https://candoya.com/tools/morse-code-translator/): Free Morse code translator. Convert text to Morse code and Morse to text instantly, with a full alphabet chart. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded. - [NATO Phonetic Alphabet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/nato-phonetic-alphabet/): Free NATO phonetic alphabet converter for names, callsigns and serial numbers. Spell text as Alfa Bravo Charlie instantly in your browser. - [Palindrome Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/palindrome-checker/): Use this free palindrome checker to test words, phrases and numbers instantly. Adjust spaces, punctuation, case and accents in your browser. - [Paragraph Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/paragraph-counter/): Free online paragraph counter to count paragraphs in your text plus words, sentences and average paragraph length. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded. - [Pascal Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/pascal-case-converter/): Free Pascal case converter for text, camelCase, snake_case and kebab-case. Convert live to PascalCase in your browser. - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/): Free readability checker: paste any text and see Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Gunning Fog, SMOG, ARI and Coleman-Liau live. Runs in your browser. - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/): Free reading time calculator: paste any text, pick a reading speed, see how long it takes to read in minutes. Counts words and book pages too. Runs in your browser. - [Remove All Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-all-spaces/): Remove all spaces from text online, including tabs and Unicode spacing. Preserve line breaks or strip every whitespace character. Fast and private. - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/): Free online duplicate line remover. Paste a list, delete repeated lines instantly and keep the original order. No sign-up - text stays in your browser. - [Remove Extra Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-extra-spaces/): Remove extra spaces from text instantly. Clean double spaces, tabs and uneven line edges while keeping paragraphs. Free and browser-based. - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/): Free line break remover for text, PDF copy and email wraps. Join lines, keep paragraphs or make one line. Private and browser-based. - [Remove Line Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-numbers/): Remove line numbers from text online in real time. Clean numbered lists, code and transcripts while preserving line breaks and indentation. - [Reverse Each Word](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-each-word/): Reverse each word online while keeping word order, spaces and line breaks intact. Unicode-aware, free, instant and processed in your browser. - [Reverse Text](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-text/): Free online text reversal tool to reverse characters, words, lines or word order instantly. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser. - [Reverse Word Order](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-word-order/): Reverse word order online while keeping every word readable, punctuation attached and spacing intact. Free, instant and processed in your browser. - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/): Sort lines alphabetically online in A-Z or Z-A order. Handle case, natural numbers, spaces, empty lines and duplicates privately in your browser. - [Sort Lines by Length](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-by-length/): Sort lines by length online from shortest to longest or longest to shortest. Clean blanks and duplicates privately with live Unicode-aware results. - [Sort Lines Numerically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-numerically/): Sort lines numerically online by the first number in each row. Handle negatives, decimals and scientific notation with private, instant results. - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/): Free online sentence counter to count sentences with longest, shortest and average length stats. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded. - [Snake Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/snake-case-converter/): Free snake case converter for text, camelCase, PascalCase and messy identifiers. Convert live to snake_case or SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE. - [Slogan Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/slogan-generator/): Generate catchy slogan and tagline ideas free online. Type a keyword, pick a style, and get dozens of ready-to-use slogans for your business, brand or campaign. Runs in your browser. - [Smart Quotes Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/smart-quotes-converter/): Smart quotes converter for curly and straight quotation marks. Fix pasted text for publishing, code or JSON instantly in your browser. - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/): Free speaking time calculator: paste text, pick a pace, see how long it takes to read aloud. Words to minutes, instantly. Runs in your browser, no sign-up. - [Syllable Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/syllable-counter/): Free syllable counter to estimate syllables in English words, poems, and text by line. Get instant per-word results privately in your browser. - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/): Free online text diff and compare tool. Paste two texts and see line-by-line and word-level differences in your browser, with ignore-case and ignore-whitespace options. - [Text Repeater](https://candoya.com/tools/text-repeater/): Repeat text online up to 10,000 times with new lines, spaces, commas or a custom separator. Add numbering and copy the result instantly. - [Text Statistics Dashboard](https://candoya.com/tools/text-statistics-dashboard/): Analyze text statistics instantly: words, characters, structure, vocabulary, timing, and frequent terms in one private browser dashboard. - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/): Free slug generator: convert any text or title to a clean, SEO-friendly URL slug instantly. Bulk mode, hyphen or underscore - runs in your browser. - [Trim Whitespace](https://candoya.com/tools/trim-whitespace/): Trim whitespace from text or every line. Remove leading and trailing spaces, tabs and Unicode spacing while preserving internal formatting. - [URL Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/url-extractor/): Free URL extractor to pull links from text, HTML, logs, or notes instantly. Remove duplicates, sort results, or list domains. No upload or sign-up. - [Whitespace Visualizer](https://candoya.com/tools/whitespace-visualizer/): Reveal spaces, tabs, line endings and invisible Unicode characters in text. Inspect indentation and trailing whitespace privately in your browser. - [Username Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/username-generator/): Generate cool random usernames free online. Pick a style, separator and length, then copy a handle for Instagram, Discord, Roblox or gaming. Runs in your browser. - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/): Free online word counter to count words, characters & sentences instantly. No sign-up, no download - your text stays in your browser. - [Word Frequency Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-frequency-counter/): Free word frequency counter to rank repeated words, counts and percentages instantly. Paste text and analyze it privately in your browser. - [Business Card Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/business-card-maker/): Free online business card maker with live preview, print-ready sizes and private browser autosave. No sign-up or upload needed. - [Online Habit Tracker](https://candoya.com/tools/habit-tracker/): Free online habit tracker that saves in your browser. Add habits, tick the days you did them, and watch your streaks grow. No sign-up, no app, nothing uploaded. - [Kanban Board](https://candoya.com/tools/kanban-board/): Use a free online Kanban board to organize tasks with drag and drop. No sign-up: your private board saves only in this browser. - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/): Free online notepad that autosaves in your browser. Jot notes, get a live word and character count, then copy or download as .txt. No sign-up, no upload. - [Recipe Scaler](https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-scaler/): Free recipe scaler to resize a full ingredient list for any serving count. Handles mixed fractions and ranges, with no sign-up or upload. - [Recipe Unit Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-unit-converter/): Recipe unit converter for cups, grams, tablespoons, milliliters and more. Get ingredient-aware baking estimates instantly in your browser. - [Tournament Bracket Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tournament-bracket-generator/): Create a free single-elimination tournament bracket for 2 to 32 players. Seed or shuffle, handle byes, advance winners, copy, and print locally. - [Accent Marks Helper](https://candoya.com/tools/accent-marks-helper/): Use this accent mark helper to type and copy accented letters for Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Polish, Turkish, and more. - [Flashcard Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/flashcard-maker/): Make custom flashcards with your own questions and answers. Flip, shuffle and review missed cards, then download a reusable deck. Free, with no sign-up. ## [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) Compress, convert, resize and crop - no upload. - [Add Text to Image](https://candoya.com/tools/add-text-to-image/): Add text to an image online with custom fonts, color, outline, rotation and drag placement. Export at full resolution without uploading your photo. - [Add Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark/): Add a text or logo watermark to an image online. Preview position, opacity, size, rotation and tiling, then download privately in your browser. - [App Icon Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/app-icon-generator/): Generate iOS, Android and Web app icon sizes from one image. Download organized PNG packs with Xcode and PWA metadata, privately in your browser. - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/): Remove a photo background with private on-device AI. Export a full-size transparent PNG with no image upload, account, or usage credits. - [Circle Crop](https://candoya.com/tools/circle-crop/): Circle crop an image into a round profile photo with a draggable frame and transparent PNG download. Private, free, and no upload required. - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/): Find the dominant color in any image and copy its HEX, RGB, or HSL value. Fast local analysis for photos, logos, and screenshots. - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/): View EXIF metadata, camera settings, dates, and GPS coordinates in photos. Inspect every tag locally without uploading your image. - [Face Blur Anonymizer](https://candoya.com/tools/face-blur-anonymizer/): Blur faces online with private on-device detection. Review each face, choose blur, pixelation, or blackout, then download a protected PNG. - [Flip Image](https://candoya.com/tools/flip-image/): Flip images horizontally, vertically, or both axes. Mirror PNG, JPG, or WebP files instantly in your browser with no upload required. - [Grayscale Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/grayscale-converter/): Convert images to grayscale online with adjustable strength and multiple luminance methods. Choose PNG, JPEG, or WebP output - all processing happens in your browser. - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/): Extract a color palette from any image and copy HEX, RGB, HSL, or CSS values. Fast local analysis for photos, logos, and screenshots. - [Image Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/): Pick an exact color from any image and copy HEX, RGB, HSL, alpha, and pixel coordinates. Private Canvas sampling with zoom and a pixel loupe. - [Image Color Replacer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-replacer/): Replace a color in an image with adjustable tolerance. Sample a pixel, preview the change, and save a transparent PNG. Free and processed in your browser. - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/): Compress images online with private browser processing, quality controls, visual previews, and clear file-size savings. No upload or sign-up. - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/): Crop images online with a draggable frame, ratio presets, exact pixels, and private PNG, JPG, or WebP download. No upload or watermark. - [Image Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-diff-compare/): Compare two images online with overlay, split view, and pixel difference highlighting. Adjust tolerance and export the result privately in your browser. - [Image Dimensions Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-dimensions-checker/): Check image dimensions, pixel size, aspect ratio, megapixels and file size instantly. Your image stays private in your browser. - [Image Histogram](https://candoya.com/tools/image-histogram/): View an image histogram online with RGB and luminance channels, clipping stats, and CSV or PNG export. Your photo stays in your browser. - [Image to ASCII Art](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-ascii-art/): Convert an image to ASCII art online with adjustable width, contrast, brightness and character sets. Copy or download private text art instantly. - [Image to WebP](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/): Convert images to WebP online with adjustable quality, side-by-side previews, exact size savings, and private browser processing. No upload. - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/): Resize images online to exact pixel dimensions with aspect lock, presets, preview, and private PNG, JPG, or WebP download. - [Image Upscaler](https://candoya.com/tools/image-upscaler/): Upscale an image 2x with real on-device Swin2SR AI. Compare detail and export PNG or JPEG without uploading your photo or creating an account. - [JPG to PNG](https://candoya.com/tools/jpg-to-png/): Convert JPG to PNG online with original dimensions, side-by-side preview, exact file sizes, and private browser processing. No upload or sign-up. - [Image to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/): Convert an image to editable text with private multilingual browser OCR. Copy or export the result with no image upload, account, or watermark. - [Passport Photo Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/passport-photo-maker/): Make a passport-size photo with common presets, manual framing, and exact pixel output. Private browser processing with no upload or watermark. - [Pixelate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pixelate-image/): Pixelate an image online with adjustable block size, live comparison, and full-resolution PNG, JPG, or WebP export in your browser. - [Signature Pad](https://candoya.com/tools/signature-pad/): Use this signature pad online to draw with a mouse, finger, or stylus, then copy or download a cropped transparent PNG. Nothing is uploaded. - [Steganography Text Hider](https://candoya.com/tools/steganography-hide-text/): Hide text in an image with private, browser-based steganography. Embed UTF-8 messages in pixels and download a lossless PNG with no upload. - [PNG to ICO](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-ico/): Convert PNG to ICO online with multiple icon sizes in one file. Preserve transparency, preview every frame, and download privately in your browser. - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/): Convert PNG to JPG online with adjustable JPEG quality, a custom transparency background, private browser processing, and instant download. - [QR Code Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-decoder/): Decode a QR code from an image or screenshot online. Read links, text, Wi-Fi details, and more locally in your browser with no upload or sign-up. - [Rotate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-image/): Rotate images online by 90, 180, 270, or any custom angle. Preview and download PNG, JPG, or WebP files privately in your browser. - [WebP to PNG](https://candoya.com/tools/webp-to-png/): Convert WebP to PNG online with transparency, original dimensions, side-by-side previews, and private browser processing. No upload or sign-up. ## [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) Merge, split, convert and compress PDF files. - [Add Blank Page to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/add-blank-page-to-pdf/): Add blank pages to a PDF online at any position. Match the nearby page, choose A4 or Letter, and download privately with no upload or sign-up. - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/): Add page numbers to a PDF online for free. Choose the position, range, first number, font size, format, and margin without uploading your file. - [PDF Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/): Add a text or image watermark to a PDF online for free. Control pages, position, size, rotation, color, and opacity without uploading your file. - [Booklet Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/booklet-maker/): Make a print-ready PDF booklet with correct two-up page order. Add blanks automatically, preview each side, and process the file privately. - [Certificate Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/certificate-generator/): Create up to 30 personalized certificates in one printable PDF. Choose a template, add names and download privately with no watermark. - [Crop PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-pdf/): Crop PDF pages online by trimming exact margins in millimetres. Preview the result, choose page ranges, and download privately with no upload. - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/): Delete PDF pages online with visual thumbnails and page ranges. Remove unwanted pages locally, keep original quality, and download with no upload or sign-up. - [Duplicate PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/duplicate-pdf-pages/): Duplicate PDF pages online with visual thumbnails, page ranges, copy counts, and flexible placement. Your PDF stays local with no upload or sign-up. - [PDF Metadata Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/edit-pdf-metadata/): Edit PDF metadata such as title, author, subject, keywords, creator, producer, and dates online. Download a private, updated copy with no upload. - [Extract Text by Page](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-text-by-page/): Extract text from PDF pages in your browser. Inspect, edit, copy or download each page separately while the original PDF stays on your device. - [PDF Form Data Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-form-data/): Extract PDF form data privately in your browser. Review AcroForm field names, values, types, and options, then export clean JSON or CSV. - [Extract PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/): Extract PDF pages into a new document online. Choose single pages or ranges, keep original quality, and download privately without uploading your file. - [PDF Form Filler](https://candoya.com/tools/fill-pdf-form/): Fill a PDF form online for free. Complete standard AcroForm text, checkbox, radio, and choice fields privately, then download your PDF. - [Flatten PDF Form](https://candoya.com/tools/flatten-pdf-form/): Flatten PDF form fields into page content in your browser. Preview saved appearances, inspect values, and download a copy without uploading your document. - [Image to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/): Convert JPG, PNG, and WebP images to one PDF free. Reorder pages, choose A4 or Letter, set margins, and download without uploading your files. - [Markdown to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-pdf/): Convert Markdown to a formatted PDF with a live preview, A4 or Letter paper, adjustable margins and direct private download in your browser. - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/): Merge PDF files into one document free, right in your browser. No upload, no sign-up, no file limits - combine PDFs in any order and download instantly. - [N-up PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/n-up-pdf/): Create an N-up PDF with 2, 4, 6, 9, or 16 pages per sheet. Choose A4 or Letter, preview the grid, and download privately with no upload. - [Password Protect PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/password-protect-pdf/): Password protect a PDF with real AES-256 encryption in your browser. Add an opening password and reader permissions with no upload or sign-up. - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/): Convert PDF to text free in your browser. Extract selectable text from digital PDFs, preview it, copy it or download a TXT file without uploading. - [PDF Link Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-link-extractor/): Extract links from a PDF privately in your browser. Find clickable URLs, email addresses, internal destinations, and printed links with page numbers. - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/): Count pages in one PDF or a whole batch online. See per-file totals, combined pages, averages, and CSV results without uploading your documents. - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/): Check PDF page size online in points, inches and millimetres. Find A4, Letter, mixed sizes, orientation and rotation privately in your browser. - [PDF Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-word-counter/): Count words in a PDF privately in your browser. See words, characters, sentences, reading time and per-page totals without uploading the document. - [PDF to Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-image/): Convert PDF pages to PNG, JPG, or WebP images free. Choose page ranges, resolution, and quality, then download locally with no file upload. - [QR Code to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-to-pdf/): Turn links, IDs, or text into a printable QR code PDF sheet. Choose A4 or Letter, grid size, captions, and download locally with no sign-up. - [Redact PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/redact-pdf/): Redact PDF pages online by drawing permanent black boxes. Export a flattened copy locally in your browser with no file upload or sign-up. - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/): Reorder PDF pages online with clear thumbnails, drag controls, and keyboard buttons. Save a private, full-quality PDF locally with no upload or sign-up. - [Resize PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/resize-pdf-pages/): Resize PDF pages to A4, Letter, Legal or custom dimensions. Fit, fill or stretch every page privately in your browser with no file upload. - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/): Rotate PDF pages online for free in your browser. Turn all, odd, even, or selected pages without uploads, quality loss, watermarks, or sign-up. - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/): Sign a PDF online by drawing and placing your signature on any page. Download the signed copy without uploading the document or creating an account. - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/): Split PDF pages into separate files free in your browser. Preview pages, choose exact ranges, and download without uploads, watermarks, or sign-up. ## [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) Format, encode, validate and generate code. - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/): Free online Base64 encoder and decoder. Convert text to Base64 and back instantly, with full Unicode and URL-safe support. No upload, runs in your browser. - [CIDR Range Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/cidr-range-calculator/): Convert an IPv4 or IPv6 range to the smallest exact CIDR list, or expand a CIDR block to its first and last address. Free and private. - [Cron Expression Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/): Build and validate standard 5-field cron expressions online. Get a plain-language schedule preview and next run times in UTC. - [Cron Expression Explainer](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-explainer/): Paste a five-field cron expression and read its plain-English meaning, field breakdown and next UTC run times instantly in your browser. - [CSS Clamp Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-clamp-calculator/): Free CSS clamp calculator for fluid typography and responsive spacing. Generate clamp(), slope, intercept and copyable CSS in your browser. - [CSS Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/): Free CSS formatter to beautify minified or messy stylesheets online. Choose indentation, check structure, copy or download CSS in your browser. - [CSS Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/css-minifier/): Free CSS minifier to compress stylesheets online. Remove comments and extra whitespace, measure bytes saved, then copy or download locally. - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/): Convert CSV to JSON online with header, delimiter and type controls. Handles quoted commas and multiline fields privately in your browser. - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/): Free online CSV to YAML converter. Paste CSV and get clean YAML instantly, with header keys, type detection and auto delimiter. Runs in your browser. - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/): Generate secure, URL-friendly NanoID unique IDs online. Pick the length, alphabet and quantity, copy in one click. Runs in your browser, nothing uploaded. - [IEEE 754 Float Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/ieee-754-float-converter/): IEEE 754 converter for 32-bit floats and 64-bit doubles. Convert decimal to hex or binary, decode raw bits, and inspect every field locally. - [Number Base Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/): Free number base converter. Convert between binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal instantly, plus any base from 2 to 36. Runs in your browser. - [Two's Complement Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/twos-complement-converter/): Convert signed decimal numbers to two's-complement binary and back at 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits, with exact hex and calculation steps. - [ULID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/ulid-generator/): Generate ULIDs online in bulk. Create sortable 26-character Crockford Base32 IDs, copy one or all, and keep monotonic order. Runs in your browser. - [Unicode Character Lookup](https://candoya.com/tools/unicode-character-lookup/): Look up any Unicode character or code point. See its name, U+ value, decimal number, UTF-8, UTF-16, HTML, JavaScript, and CSS encodings. - [Clipboard Inspector](https://candoya.com/tools/clipboard-inspector/): Free clipboard inspector to see every format on your clipboard - plain text, HTML, images and custom types - with byte sizes and previews. Runs in your browser. - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/): Free online HTML entity encoder decoder. Escape HTML special characters, decode named and numeric entities, and copy the result. - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/): Free HTML formatter to beautify HTML documents and fragments with readable indentation. Handles HTML5 structure and runs in your browser. - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/): Free HTML minifier to compress markup, remove comments and measure exact byte savings. Preserves sensitive content and runs in your browser. - [IPv4 Subnet Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator/): IPv4 subnet calculator for network, broadcast, masks, usable host range, and capacity. Enter any IP with CIDR or subnet mask; results stay private. - [ISBN Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/isbn-validator/): Free online ISBN validator for ISBN-10 and ISBN-13. Check digits, normalize hyphens, handle X and see clear invalid reasons. - [JavaScript Beautifier](https://candoya.com/tools/js-beautifier/): Free JavaScript beautifier to format messy or minified JS online. Tune indentation, braces and line wrapping without uploading your code. - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/): Free online JSON formatter to beautify, validate and minify JSON instantly. No sign-up, no upload - your JSON stays in your browser. - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/): Free online JSON minifier to compress JSON to one compact line and see exactly how many bytes you saved. No sign-up, no upload - your JSON stays in your browser. - [JSON Schema Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-schema-validator/): Validate JSON data against a JSON Schema online. See every failed rule with its exact data path. Free, private and no sign-up required. - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/): Free online JSON to CSV converter. Paste a JSON array or object and get downloadable CSV instantly. Private, no upload, no sign-up. - [JSON to TOML](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-toml/): Convert JSON to TOML locally with tables, arrays and exact large integers. Spot unsupported nulls, copy your config or download a .toml file. No upload. - [JSON to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-xml/): Free JSON to XML converter for nested objects, arrays and attributes. Get clean, well-formed XML instantly without uploading your data. - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/): Free online JSON to YAML converter. Paste JSON and get clean, block-style YAML instantly, with 2 or 4 space indent. Runs entirely in your browser. - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/): Free online JSON validator to check syntax, locate errors and preview formatted JSON. No sign-up, no upload - your data stays in your browser. - [JWT Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-decoder/): Decode JWT tokens online to inspect headers, payload claims, expiry times and signature segments locally in your browser. - [JWT Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/): Free online JWT generator for HS256 and unsigned debug tokens. Edit header and claims locally, then copy a compact token. - [LESS to CSS](https://candoya.com/tools/less-to-css/): LESS to CSS converter powered by Less.js. Compile variables, nesting, mixins and functions locally, then copy or download clean CSS. - [Markdown Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-table-generator/): Build a Markdown table in a visual grid or convert CSV and spreadsheet data. Set column alignment, preview it live, and copy clean Markdown. - [Markdown to HTML](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-html/): Convert Markdown to HTML instantly with GitHub tables, task lists, code blocks and a safe preview. Copy or download the result without uploading text. - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/): Free online XML formatter to beautify, validate and minify XML in your browser. No upload, no sign-up. - [XML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-minifier/): Free XML minifier to remove formatting whitespace and optional comments, validate structure and measure exact byte savings in your browser. - [XML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-to-json/): Free XML to JSON converter for attributes, repeated elements, namespaces and CDATA. Get formatted JSON instantly without uploading your data. - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/): Free online YAML formatter to validate and clean up YAML with comments, anchors and block strings. Runs in your browser. - [YAML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-to-json/): Convert YAML to JSON online with live validation, multi-document support and clean formatting. Your config stays in your browser. - [YAML Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-validator/): Free online YAML validator to check syntax, find line and column errors, preview valid YAML and keep config text in your browser. - [SCSS to CSS](https://candoya.com/tools/scss-to-css/): SCSS to CSS converter powered by Dart Sass. Compile variables, nesting, mixins and modules locally, then copy or download clean CSS. - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/): Free online SHA-256 hash generator. Hash any text or file to a 64-character digest instantly, as hex or Base64. No upload - runs in your browser. - [SQL Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-formatter/): Free SQL formatter to beautify queries with dialect-aware indentation and keyword casing. Your database code stays in your browser. - [TOML to JSON](https://candoya.com/tools/toml-to-json/): Convert TOML to JSON online with live validation, clean formatting and safe handling for dates and large integers. Your config stays in your browser. - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/): Free online URL encoder and decoder. Convert text to percent-encoding and back instantly, with full Unicode support. No upload, runs in your browser. - [Query String Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-builder/): Free query string builder for encoded URL parameters, arrays, blank values, and full links. Create and copy the result privately in your browser. - [Query String Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/): Free query string parser. Decode URL parameters, keep duplicate keys, edit values, and rebuild a query string or full URL in your browser. - [Regex Tester](https://candoya.com/tools/regex-tester/): Test JavaScript regular expressions online with live matches, capture groups and replacement previews. Your patterns and text stay in your browser. - [Screen Resolution Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-resolution-detector/): Free screen resolution detector. See your screen size, viewport, device pixel ratio, orientation, color depth and browser display facts locally. - [SVG Optimizer](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-optimizer/): Free SVG optimizer to minify vector files with SVGO, compare exact byte savings and preview the result. Files stay in your browser. - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/): Free online URL parser. Paste any URL to split it into scheme, host, port, path, query parameters, and fragment instantly. Runs in your browser, nothing uploaded. - [User-Agent Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/user-agent-parser/): Parse a User-Agent string into browser, engine, OS, device, CPU, and crawler details. Free, instant, and processed in your browser. - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/): Generate UUID v4 and time-ordered UUID v7 identifiers online. Bulk up to 1000, uppercase or no-hyphen format, one-click copy. Runs in your browser. - [Chart Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/chart-maker/): Make bar, line, and pie charts online from your own labels and values. Customize colors, preview live, and export PNG or SVG with no sign-up. - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/): Edit CSV files online in a spreadsheet-style table. Add rows or columns, fix values, then copy or download clean CSV without uploading data. - [CSV Filter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-filter/): Filter CSV rows by column values, numbers, dates or booleans. Combine rules, preview matches and export a clean CSV privately in your browser. - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/): Extract and reorder CSV columns by heading or position. Preview, copy, and download private UTF-8 CSV while quoted cells stay intact. - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/): Remove duplicate rows from CSV by any column or combination. Keep the first or last match, preview changes, and download locally. - [CSV Diff](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-diff/): Compare CSV files by a shared key and find added, removed, or changed rows. Review cell-level differences and export a private local report. - [CSV Merger](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-merger/): Merge CSV files online by stacking rows and aligning headers. Reorder, preview, copy, and download locally with no upload or sign-up. - [CSV Sorter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-sorter/): Sort CSV rows by one or more columns as text, numbers, or dates. Preview, copy, and download the result privately in your browser. - [CSV Splitter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-splitter/): Split CSV files by row count, equal parts, or column value. Keep headers, preview every part, and download a private local ZIP without uploads. - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/): Calculate CSV statistics for every column, including missing values, uniques, quartiles, mean, median and standard deviation, in your browser. - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/): Turn CSV into bar, line, or pie charts online. Paste or upload data, choose columns, then download SVG or PNG. Your data stays in your browser. - [CSV to Markdown Table](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-markdown-table/): Convert CSV to a Markdown table with live preview, delimiter detection, alignment, safe escaping, copy, and download. Your data stays in your browser. - [CSV to SQL](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-sql/): Convert CSV to SQL INSERT statements for PostgreSQL, MySQL or SQLite. Preserve IDs, control NULLs, review column types and download SQL in your browser. - [CSV to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-xml/): Free CSV to XML converter for clean, well-formed XML with custom tags and delimiters. Paste CSV, copy or download XML, all in your browser. - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/): Open CSV and TSV files in a clean, searchable table. Sort columns, page through rows, copy or download a filtered view, all in your browser. - [Fixed-Width Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/fixed-width-parser/): Parse fixed-width text with exact 1-based field positions, validate typed values, preview every column, and export clean CSV or JSON in your browser. - [Histogram Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/histogram-maker/): Make a histogram online from pasted numbers or a CSV column. Compare automatic bins, frequency, density, and cumulative views, then export PNG, SVG, or CSV. - [JSON Flatten](https://candoya.com/tools/json-flatten/): Flatten nested JSON into dot-path keys instantly. Choose separators and array notation, then copy clean flat JSON. Free, private, and browser-based. - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/): Create pivot tables from CSV data instantly. Summarize rows and columns, aggregate values by sum, count, average, min or max, and export as CSV or Markdown - all in your browser. - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/): Run SQL online in a private SQLite playground with sample data, instant result tables, CSV export, and no sign-up. Everything stays in your browser. - [SQLite Browser](https://candoya.com/tools/sqlite-browser/): Open SQLite files in a private online viewer. Browse tables and schema, run read-only SQL, and export CSV without uploading your database. - [AES Encrypt and Decrypt](https://candoya.com/tools/aes-encrypt-decrypt/): Encrypt and decrypt text with AES-256-GCM online. Password-based, authenticated, and private in your browser with no upload or sign-up. - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/): File hash calculator for SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA-1 and MD5 checksums. Verify any local file privately with drag and drop - no upload. - [Caesar Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/caesar-cipher/): Free online Caesar cipher tool. Encode and decode text with any shift (0-25), try ROT13, or brute-force all shifts to crack unknown ciphers. Runs in your browser. - [HMAC Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/): Free online HMAC generator to compute message authentication codes with SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 or SHA-512. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser. - [IBAN Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/iban-validator/): Validate an IBAN online by country, length and MOD-97 checksum. Get clear error details while your bank number stays in your browser. - [Passphrase Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/passphrase-generator/): Generate a secure random passphrase from EFF words. Adjust length and separators, see honest entropy, and copy it locally in your browser. - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/): Generate strong random passwords free online. Pick the length and symbols, see entropy and crack time, copy in one click. Runs in your browser. - [Password Strength Meter](https://candoya.com/tools/password-strength-meter/): Check password strength with pattern-aware scoring, crack-time estimates, and useful feedback. Analysis runs locally in your browser. - [PBKDF2 Derive](https://candoya.com/tools/pbkdf2-derive/): PBKDF2 generator to derive hex or Base64 keys from a password with configurable salt, hash, iterations and length. Runs locally in your browser. - [Rail Fence Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/rail-fence-cipher/): Free online rail fence cipher tool. Encrypt and decrypt text with any number of rails, see the zigzag pattern, and copy the result. Runs in your browser. - [RSA Key Pair Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/rsa-key-pair-generator/): Generate RSA key pairs online in PEM or JWK format with 2048, 3072, or 4096-bit keys. WebCrypto runs locally, so private keys stay on your device. - [Shamir Secret Sharing](https://candoya.com/tools/secret-sharing-shamir/): Split a secret into threshold shares with Shamir secret sharing, then recover it from any sufficient subset. Runs locally in your browser. - [SHA-384 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-384-hash/): Generate a SHA-384 hash from text or a file in your browser. Copy a 96-character hex or Base64 digest and compare checksums privately. - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/): Generate a current TOTP or 2FA code from a Base32 secret in your browser. RFC 6238 checked, memory-only, with no upload, storage, or sign-up. - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/): Free QR code generator for links and text. Download PNG or SVG, pick colors and size - runs in your browser, no sign-up, and codes never expire. ## [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) Convert units, files, time zones and currencies. - [BTU to kW Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/btu-to-kw/): Convert BTU to kW for heating and cooling capacity. Enter BTU/h and get kilowatts, watts and refrigeration tons instantly in your browser. - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/): Convert data storage units instantly between bits, bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB and IEC units such as KiB, MiB and GiB. Free and private in your browser. - [PPI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/dpi-ppi-calculator/): PPI calculator for screens and images. Enter resolution and diagonal size to find pixel density, pixel pitch, megapixels and physical dimensions. - [Area Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/area-converter/): Free area converter for square meters, square feet, acres, hectares and other metric or imperial units. See every conversion instantly. - [Energy Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/energy-converter/): Convert energy units instantly between joules, kWh, calories, BTU, therms and electronvolts, with exact factors and an all-units table. - [Frequency Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-converter/): Convert frequency between Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz, rpm and rad/s. See all nine equivalents and cycle period instantly, with scientific notation for tiny values. - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/): Free temperature converter for Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Type a value and get all three scales at once, with the formula shown - instant, no sign-up, runs in your browser. - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/): Free length and distance converter. Enter a value and convert instantly between millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers, inches, feet, yards, miles and more - runs in your browser. - [Meters to Feet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/meters-to-feet/): Free meters to feet converter. Type a length in meters and get feet, plus the exact feet and inches - instant, no sign-up, runs in your browser. - [Pressure Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/pressure-converter/): Free pressure converter for PSI, bar, Pa, kPa, MPa, atm, Torr, mmHg and more. Convert live with an all-units table in your browser. - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/): Free speed and velocity converter. Enter a value and convert instantly between km/h, mph, m/s, feet per second, knots and Mach - runs in your browser, nothing uploaded. - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/): Free volume converter for liters, milliliters, gallons, cups, fluid ounces, cubic meters, cubic inches and cubic feet. Runs in your browser. - [Weight Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/weight-converter/): Free weight converter for kilograms, pounds, ounces, stones, grams and tons. Get exact live results and mixed formats in your browser. - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/): Free age calculator: enter a date of birth to get your exact age in years, months and days, plus age in weeks, days, hours - and your next birthday. - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/): Free business days calculator. Count the working days between two dates, skip weekends, and exclude your own public holidays. Runs in your browser. - [Calendar Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/calendar-generator/): Free calendar generator for any month and year. Choose Sunday or Monday starts, add notes and week numbers, then print a clean calendar in your browser. - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/): Free online countdown timer with alarm. Set any duration in minutes or hours, then start, pause and reset. Runs in your browser - no sign-up, no download. - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/): Free date calculator to add or subtract days, weeks, months and years from any date. Instant, private and accurate for month-end dates. - [Day of Week Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/day-of-week-finder/): Find the day of the week for any past or future date. See its ISO week, day of year, month occurrence, and leap-year status instantly. - [ISO Date Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/iso-date-converter/): Convert and validate ISO 8601 dates in your browser. Normalize offsets to UTC, inspect date parts, and copy local, UTC, or Unix values instantly. - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/): Free days between dates calculator. Count the exact number of days between two dates, with a years, months, and days breakdown and an include-end-date option. Runs in your browser. - [Meeting Time Planner](https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/): Meeting time planner for finding shared working hours across time zones. Compare up to six people with DST-aware local times. No sign-up. - [Pomodoro Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/pomodoro-timer/): Free online Pomodoro timer with 25-minute focus sessions, short and long breaks, custom intervals, alarms, and daily progress saved in your browser. - [Recurring Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/recurring-date-calculator/): Recurring date calculator to generate daily, weekly, monthly or yearly schedules. Handle month ends, list up to 200 dates and copy the results. - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/): Free calculator for the time between two times. Enter a start and end time to get the hours and minutes between them - overnight spans handled, all in your browser. - [Time Duration Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-duration-calculator/): Calculate the exact time duration between two dates and times in days, hours, minutes and seconds. Handles overnight and multi-day ranges in your browser. - [Time Zone Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/): Free time zone converter for meetings, calls and travel. Compare cities instantly with DST-aware offsets. No sign-up or upload. - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/): Convert Unix timestamps to human-readable dates and back, free in your browser. Auto-detects seconds vs milliseconds and shows UTC, local time and ISO 8601. - [Working Hours Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/working-hours-calculator/): Working hours calculator for weekly shifts, unpaid breaks, overnight work and decimal totals. Add up to 14 shifts privately in your browser. ## [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) Pick colors, convert formats, check contrast. - [Accessible Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/): Generate a role-based accessible color palette from brand and background colors. Check WCAG AA and AAA contrast, preview roles, and copy CSS. - [Color Blindness Simulator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-blindness-simulator/): Color blindness simulator for images with protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia and achromatopsia views. Private, free and browser-based. - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/): Free WCAG color contrast checker. Enter a text and background color to get the contrast ratio and instant AA & AAA pass/fail for normal and large text. - [Complementary Colors](https://candoya.com/tools/complementary-colors/): Find the exact complementary color for any HEX, RGB, or HSL value. Preview the opposite hue, contrast ratio, and copy-ready CSS instantly. - [Color Harmony Wheel](https://candoya.com/tools/color-harmony-wheel/): Use an interactive color harmony wheel to create complementary, analogous, triadic, tetradic, split-complementary, and square color schemes. - [Dark Mode Color Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/dark-mode-color-converter/): Convert light-theme background, surface, text, and accent colors into a contrast-aware dark mode palette. Preview roles and copy CSS instantly. - [Color Mixer](https://candoya.com/tools/color-mixer/): Mix two colors online at any ratio. Preview the result live and copy its HEX, RGB, HSL or CSS value without uploads or sign-up. - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/): Free online color picker with HEX, RGB, HSL, HSV and CMYK values. Pick a color, adjust channels and copy CSS-ready formats in your browser. - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/): Free color palette generator: turn one base color into complementary, analogous, triadic or monochromatic schemes and copy the hex codes. No sign-up. - [Color Shades for Figma](https://candoya.com/tools/color-shades-for-figma/): Generate color shades for Figma from any hex. Build a named 50-950 scale, preview it, and copy variable JSON, names with HEX, or CSS. - [Color Temperature](https://candoya.com/tools/color-temperature/): Convert color temperature from Kelvin to RGB and HEX with a live spectrum, common light presets and an instant screen preview. - [CMYK to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/cmyk-to-rgb/): Convert CMYK percentages to RGB and HEX instantly. Preview print colors on screen, inspect the formula and copy results in your browser. - [CSS Border Radius Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-border-radius-generator/): Free CSS border radius generator with live preview, per-corner controls, elliptical slash syntax and copyable CSS. No sign-up. - [CSS Box Shadow Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-box-shadow-generator/): Free CSS box shadow generator with layered shadows, inset mode, live preview and clean copyable CSS. Build card, button and panel shadows online. - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/): Free CSS gradient generator: build linear, radial and conic gradients with color stops and angle, preview live and copy clean CSS. No sign-up. - [Glassmorphism Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/glassmorphism-generator/): Create frosted glass CSS with a live glassmorphism preview. Tune blur, tint, transparency, border, radius and shadow, then copy the code. - [Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/gradient-generator/): Free gradient generator: design a linear or radial color gradient, preview it live, and download a ready-to-use PNG image at any size. No sign-up. - [Mesh Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/mesh-gradient-generator/): Free mesh gradient generator with draggable color points, live CSS, presets and PNG export. Create a polished background in your browser. - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/): Free HEX to HSL converter. Type a hex color code like #3366cc and get the hsl() value, a live color preview and one-click copy - right in your browser. - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/): Free HEX to RGB converter. Type a hex color code like #ff5733 and get the rgb() value, a live color preview and one-click copy - right in your browser. - [HSL to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hsl-to-hex/): Convert HSL to HEX instantly with synchronized controls, opacity support, a live preview and one-click copy. Free and private in your browser. - [Random Color Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/random-color-generator/): Free random color generator for HEX, RGB and HSL values. Reroll colors, lock favorites, use a seed and copy CSS-ready output. - [RGB to CMYK Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-cmyk/): Convert RGB colors to CMYK instantly. Enter RGB values or pick a color, see live CMYK output with copyable values. No upload, no sign-up - runs in your browser. - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/): Convert RGB to HEX instantly with channel sliders, opacity support, a live color preview and one-click copy. Free and private in your browser. - [Shades and Tints Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/shades-and-tints-generator/): Generate shades and tints from a HEX color at exact white and black percentages. Compare swatches, copy colors, and download CSS or JSON in your browser. - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/): Create seamless, tileable SVG background patterns in your browser. Pick a shape, colors, size and thickness, then copy the CSS or SVG. No sign-up, runs locally. - [Tailwind Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tailwind-palette-generator/): Generate an 11-shade Tailwind color palette from any hex. Preview every 50-950 shade and copy Tailwind v4, v3, CSS, or JSON code. - [Triadic Color Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/triadic-colors/): Free triadic color generator to create balanced 3-color harmonies 120° apart on the hue wheel. Instant hex, RGB and HSL output - no sign-up, runs in your browser. - [WCAG Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/wcag-contrast-checker/): Check WCAG contrast from a screenshot or exact hex colors. Sample foreground and background pixels for instant AA and AAA results in your browser. ## [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) Math, finance, dates, health and percentages. - [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/aspect-ratio-calculator/): Aspect ratio calculator for images, video and layouts. Reduce width:height, get CSS aspect-ratio, and calculate matching resize dimensions. - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/): Free big number calculator for exact arbitrary-precision math. Add, multiply, divide and raise huge numbers to powers with no rounding, right in your browser. - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/): Free correlation coefficient calculator: paste paired X and Y data and get Pearson's r, r squared, Spearman's rank, covariance and the regression line instantly. Runs in your browser. - [Decimal to Fraction Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/decimal-to-fraction/): Convert decimals to fractions in lowest terms, including negative and repeating decimals. See exact steps and mixed numbers instantly. - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/): Free online fraction calculator to add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers. Get the answer in lowest terms instantly, in your browser. - [Fraction to Decimal Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-to-decimal/): Convert fractions to decimals online with repeating digits shown in parentheses. Exact BigInt long division, no sign-up, no upload. - [GCD and LCM Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/gcd-lcm-calculator/): GCD and LCM calculator for 2 to 20 integers. Get exact answers, normalized values and Euclidean algorithm steps instantly in your browser. - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/): Free integral calculator: enter a function and lower and upper limits to evaluate the definite integral instantly. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser. - [Matrix Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/matrix-calculator/): Use this matrix calculator to add, subtract, multiply, transpose, invert, find determinants, and calculate RREF. Free, private, and instant. - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/): Free mean median mode calculator: paste a list of numbers and get the mean (average), median, mode, range, sum, count and standard deviation instantly. Runs in your browser. - [Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/median-mode-calculator/): Use this median calculator to find the middle value, mode, sorted positions, and frequencies for any number set. Free and private in your browser. - [Perimeter Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/): Free perimeter calculator for a rectangle, square, triangle, circle, polygon and more. Pick a shape, enter the dimensions, and get the perimeter with the formula - instantly in your browser. - [Percentage Change Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-change/): Free percentage change calculator: enter an old value and a new value to get the percent increase or decrease instantly, with the worked formula. Runs in your browser. - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/): Free percentage calculator: find X% of a number, what percent one number is of another, and percent increase or decrease - instantly in your browser. - [Prime Factorization Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/prime-factorization/): Use this prime factorization calculator to break integers up to 1 trillion into prime powers, see every division step, and copy the exact result. - [Quadratic Equation Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/quadratic-equation-solver/): Solve quadratic equations online with real or complex roots, the discriminant, vertex, and clear quadratic formula steps. Free and private. - [Proportion Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/proportion-solver/): Proportion calculator to solve any missing value in a/b = c/d with exact fractions, decimals, cross multiplication steps, and ratio checks. - [Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ratio-calculator/): Ratio calculator to simplify two-part or multi-part ratios, find equivalent ratios, percentages and proportional shares of any total. - [Roman Numeral Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/roman-numeral-converter/): Free Roman numeral converter: turn numbers into Roman numerals and Roman numerals back into numbers (1-3999), instantly in your browser with the worked breakdown. - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/): Standard deviation calculator for sample or population data. Paste numbers to get standard deviation, variance, mean, and calculation steps instantly. - [Truth Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/truth-table-generator/): Truth table generator for Boolean expressions with AND, OR, NOT, XOR, implication, and equivalence. See every row, minterm, and result instantly. - [Variance Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/variance-calculator/): Variance calculator for sample or population data with formulas, mean, standard deviation, and every squared deviation shown. Free and private. - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/): Free z-score calculator: enter a raw value, the mean and standard deviation to get the standard score, its percentile, and the probability - instantly in your browser. - [Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/amortization-schedule/): Build a dated amortization schedule with principal, interest, extra payments, annual summaries and CSV export. Free, private and instant. - [Auto Loan Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-loan-calculator/): Auto loan calculator with sales tax, trade-in, payoff, down payment and fees. Estimate your car payment, amount financed and total interest. - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/): Break-even calculator for units, revenue, contribution margin and profit targets. Test fixed and variable costs instantly in your browser. - [Cap Table Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/cap-table-calculator/): Cap table calculator for startup ownership and a priced funding round. See shares, dilution and investor percentages instantly in your browser. - [Commission Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/commission-calculator/): Commission calculator for flat or tiered sales rates, optional base pay and clear payout breakdowns. Compare progressive and retroactive plans instantly. - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/): Free compound interest calculator: project how savings grow from a deposit, rate, compounding frequency and regular contributions - final balance and interest, live in your browser. - [Credit Card Payoff Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/credit-card-payoff/): Use this free credit card payoff calculator to estimate your payoff time, monthly payment, total interest and month-by-month balance. No sign-up. - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/): Free debt payoff calculator comparing the snowball and avalanche methods. Enter your debts and extra payment to see which clears them faster and cheaper. - [Discount Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/): Free discount calculator to work out sale price, savings, discount percentage and original price. Instant retail math, no sign-up. - [Gross Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/gross-margin-calculator/): Free gross margin calculator for revenue and COGS. See gross profit, margin and markup, or plan target revenue instantly in your browser. - [Home Affordability Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/): Free home affordability calculator: estimate how much house you can afford from income, debts, down payment, mortgage rate, taxes, insurance, HOA and PMI. - [Hourly to Salary Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/hourly-to-salary/): Hourly to salary calculator for annual, monthly, biweekly, and weekly gross pay. Adjust paid hours and weeks for a realistic estimate. - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/): Free loan calculator: enter the amount, interest rate and term to get your monthly payment, total interest, total cost and a full month-by-month amortization schedule - live in your browser. - [Markup vs Margin](https://candoya.com/tools/markup-vs-margin/): Convert markup to margin or margin to markup instantly. Compare the two profit percentages and see the price from any sample cost. - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/): Free mortgage calculator: enter home price, down payment, rate and term to get your full monthly payment - principal, interest, property tax, home insurance and PMI - plus a live amortization schedule. - [Mortgage Overpayment Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-overpayment/): Mortgage overpayment calculator for recurring and one-off extra payments. Compare interest and time saved with a clear payoff schedule. - [MRR and ARR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mrr-arr-calculator/): MRR and ARR calculator for SaaS plan mixes. Normalize monthly, quarterly and annual subscriptions into clear recurring revenue totals instantly. - [NPV Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/npv-calculator/): NPV calculator with editable cash flows, a discounted period table and worked net present value result. Free, private and no sign-up required. - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/): Free profit margin calculator to work out margin, markup, profit and target selling price. Instant pricing math, no sign-up. - [Rent vs Buy Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/rent-vs-buy/): Use this free rent vs buy calculator to compare home equity, rent, mortgage costs, maintenance, appreciation and invested savings over time. - [Retirement Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/retirement-calculator/): Retirement calculator to project your savings, income target and monthly contribution. Include inflation and expected return with no sign-up. - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/): ROI calculator for gain or loss, return percentage, break-even value and optional annualized ROI. Clear formulas, no sign-up and no upload. - [ROAS Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roas-calculator/): ROAS calculator for return on ad spend as a multiple, ratio and percentage, with optional break-even ROAS from gross margin. Free and private. - [Startup Runway Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/runway-calculator/): Startup runway calculator for cash, monthly expenses and revenue. See net burn, months remaining, zero-cash date and an 18-month target check. - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/): Savings goal calculator to find how much to save each month for a target and deadline. Include current savings and APY, with no sign-up. - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/): Free invoice generator for creating printable invoices with line items, tax, discounts, payments and HTML download. Private, no sign-up. - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/): Free tip calculator to work out gratuity, tax, total and split bill amounts instantly. Round the total or each share, no sign-up. - [Unit Price Comparison](https://candoya.com/tools/unit-price-comparison/): Unit price calculator to compare two packages by item, weight, or volume. Convert mixed units instantly and see which option costs less. - [VAT Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vat-calculator/): VAT calculator to add or remove VAT and split any price into net, tax and gross amounts. Use any rate and currency, with no sign-up. - [Vesting Schedule Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vesting-schedule/): Free vesting schedule calculator for RSUs, stock options and equity grants. Set your start date, cliff and term to see exactly what has vested and when. - [BMI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmi-calculator/): Free BMI calculator. Enter your height and weight in metric or imperial units to get your Body Mass Index and WHO weight category instantly in your browser. - [BMR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmr-calculator/): Free BMR calculator using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. Estimate resting calories from age, sex, height and weight in metric or US units. - [Calories Burned by Activity Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/calories-burned-by-activity/): Free calories burned by activity calculator. Pick an activity, enter weight and minutes, and estimate kcal with the standard MET formula in your browser. - [Running Pace Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/running-pace-calculator/): Free running pace calculator for pace per km and mile, speed, and even race splits. Enter distance and time in metric or imperial units. - [TDEE Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tdee-calculator/): Free TDEE calculator for daily calorie needs. Estimate maintenance calories from age, height, weight, sex and activity in metric or US units. ## [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) Word games, puzzles and card generators to play. - [2048 Game](https://candoya.com/tools/2048-game/): Play the classic 2048 game online for free. Merge number tiles with keys or swipes, undo a move, and save your board and best score in your browser. - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/): Play a free anagram game online: unscramble the jumbled letters to find the hidden word. Pick a topic, chase a streak, or load your own words. Runs in your browser. - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/): Make free printable bingo cards in your browser. Use your own words or classic 1-75 numbers, pick a grid size, generate as many cards as you need, and print. - [Click Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/click-speed-test/): Take a free click speed test to measure clicks per second with a mouse, touch, or pen. Pick a timer and get an instant CPS result in your browser. - [Maze Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/maze-generator/): Generate random perfect mazes online with adjustable size, view the solution path, and download as PNG or SVG. No sign-up required - runs entirely in your browser. - [Reaction Time Test](https://candoya.com/tools/reaction-time-test/): Take a free reaction time test and measure your visual reflex speed in milliseconds across five rounds. Works with mouse, keyboard, or touch. - [Sudoku Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/sudoku-solver/): Solve any standard 9 x 9 Sudoku puzzle online. Enter the clues, catch conflicts instantly, and copy the completed grid without uploads or sign-up. - [Typing Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/): Take a free typing speed test to check your WPM and accuracy in 15, 30, or 60 seconds. Get instant results with no sign-up or download. - [Word Search Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/word-search-generator/): Create a word search with your own words. Choose grid size and difficulty, reveal the answer key, download SVGs, or print the puzzle and solution as a PDF. ## [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) Profile, caption and sharing helpers for creators. - [Depth Estimation](https://candoya.com/tools/depth-estimation/): Estimate relative scene depth from a photo with on-device AI. Create and download a private color depth map with WebGPU or CPU fallback. - [Hand Tracking](https://candoya.com/tools/hand-tracking/): Detect hand landmarks in a photo with on-device AI. Inspect 21 points per hand, preview finger connections, and download annotated images or JSON. - [Image Captioner](https://candoya.com/tools/image-captioner/): Generate editable image captions with private on-device AI. Get three English descriptions with no image upload, account, or usage credits. - [Image-to-Image Search](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-image-search/): Find similar images in your own photo collection with local AI. Choose a reference, compare up to 30 pictures, and export ranked results without uploading files. - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/): Extract keywords from text with private, on-device AI. Rank English words and phrases by semantic relevance, then copy or export results. - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/): Identify the language of text with private on-device AI. Compare the top three matches across 20 languages with no text upload or sign-up. - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/): Find people, organizations, locations, and other named entities with private on-device NER. Highlight text and export grouped results as CSV. - [Handwriting and Print OCR](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-handwriting-print/): Turn a cropped English handwriting or print line into editable text with private on-device AI OCR. No image upload, account, or API key. - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/): Detect objects in images with private on-device AI. See bounding boxes, confidence scores, and a downloadable annotated PNG with no image upload. - [Parts of Speech Tagger](https://candoya.com/tools/parts-of-speech-tagger/): Use this parts of speech tagger to label English words by grammatical role. Review token scores and export CSV with private on-device AI. - [Pose Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/pose-detection/): Detect poses in images with on-device AI. Map 33 body landmarks, inspect joint angles, and export JSON or an annotated PNG without uploading your photo. - [Question Answering](https://candoya.com/tools/question-answering/): Use a free question answering tool to extract an answer from English text on your device. See the source passage and confidence with no text upload. - [Semantic Search Demo](https://candoya.com/tools/semantic-search-demo/): Try semantic search in your browser. Rank up to 50 English passages by meaning with local MiniLM embeddings, WebGPU, and a CPU fallback. - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/): Analyse text as negative, neutral, or positive with private on-device AI. See all three model scores with no text upload, account, or API key. - [Speech to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/): Turn speech to text with private on-device Whisper AI. Record your microphone, edit the transcript, and download TXT with no upload or sign-up. - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/): Summarize articles, emails, and documents with free on-device AI. No sign-up, no upload - your text stays in your browser. Instant abstractive summaries. - [Text Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/): Use a private AI text classifier to sort English text by topic, message type, or meeting-note purpose. Runs on your device with no text upload. - [Text Similarity](https://candoya.com/tools/text-similarity/): Compare two texts by semantic meaning using on-device AI. Get a similarity score from 0-100% without uploading anything. - [Zero-Shot Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/zero-shot-classifier/): Use a private zero-shot classifier to rank English text against labels you choose. Runs on-device with WebGPU or a CPU fallback, with no text upload. - [Audio Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-joiner/): Join audio files online into one MP3 or WAV. Reorder and preview clips, merge mixed formats locally, and download without uploads or sign-up. - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/): Normalize audio online to a precise peak level, preview the result, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, watermark, or software install. - [Audio Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-recorder/): Record microphone audio online with a live level meter, pause and resume, local playback, and private WebM, MP4, or Ogg download. - [Audio Silence Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-silence-remover/): Remove silence from audio online with adjustable threshold, pause length, and padding. Preview and download a private WAV without uploading your file. - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/): Change audio speed online from 0.5x to 2x, preserve pitch, preview the result, and download a private WAV with no upload or sign-up. - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/): Convert audio to text privately with on-device Whisper AI. Transcribe MP3, WAV, M4A, and more in your browser with no upload or sign-up. - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/): Trim audio online with precise start and end times, preview the selected clip, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, or watermark. - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/): Create an audio waveform image from MP3, WAV, M4A, or OGG. Customize colors, style, and size, then download a private high-resolution PNG. - [Binaural Beats Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/binaural-beats-generator/): Free binaural beats generator with carrier, beat, volume, preset, timer, and stereo WAV controls. Listen privately in your browser with headphones. - [BPM Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/bpm-detector/): Use this free BPM detector to find a song or sample's tempo online. Get confidence and half-time options without uploading your audio. - [Audio Fade In and Out](https://candoya.com/tools/fade-in-out/): Add an audio fade in and fade out online, preview the curve, and download a private WAV. Free, no sign-up, and your file is never uploaded. - [Frequency Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-generator/): Frequency sweep generator for smooth 20 Hz to 20 kHz audio sweeps. Choose the range, curve, waveform, duration, and download a local WAV. - [Guitar Tuner](https://candoya.com/tools/guitar-tuner/): Use this online guitar tuner with your microphone to tune standard, Drop D, half-step-down, or DADGAD guitar. Audio stays on your device. - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/): Free online metronome with tap tempo, subdivisions, time signatures, downbeat accent, and precise browser-scheduled clicks from 30 to 300 BPM. - [Pitch Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-detector/): Use this online pitch detector to identify a note, frequency and cents offset from your voice or instrument. Live audio stays on your device. - [Pitch Shifter](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-shifter/): Shift audio pitch online by semitones and cents while preserving tempo. Preview locally and download a private WAV with no upload or sign-up. - [Reverse Audio](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-audio/): Reverse audio online, preview it backwards, and download a WAV privately. Works with MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, and more without uploading. - [Ringtone Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/ringtone-maker/): Make a ringtone online from any song. Trim a 30-second clip, add smooth fades, preview it, and export M4R for iPhone or MP3 for Android. - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/): Use a free online spectrum analyzer for audio files or your microphone. View live FFT frequencies and readable band levels privately in your browser. - [Stereo to Mono Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/stereo-to-mono/): Convert stereo to mono online, preview the channel mix, and download a private mono WAV. Keep both channels or choose the cleanest side. - [Text to Speech](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-speech/): Use free text to speech online with your browser voices. Choose a language, rate, pitch, and volume, then pause or resume with no sign-up. - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/): Online tone generator for sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth signals from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Play or download a WAV locally in your browser. - [White Noise Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/white-noise-generator/): Play white, pink, or brown noise online with volume, tone, and timer controls. Free, private, and generated entirely in your browser. - [Audio Volume Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/): Change audio volume online from mute to 300%, preview the gain, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, watermark, or software install. - [Video Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-video-watermark/): Add a text or logo watermark to video online. Preview size, opacity, and position, then export a private MP4 locally with no account or upload. - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/): Generate automatic video captions privately with on-device Whisper AI. Edit timings and download SRT or VTT with no upload, account, or watermark. - [Boomerang Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/boomerang-maker/): Make a boomerang video online from any short clip. Trim, set speed, add forward-reverse cycles, and export a private, watermark-free MP4. - [Subtitle Burner](https://candoya.com/tools/burn-in-subtitles/): Burn subtitles into video from an SRT or WebVTT file. Preview style and timing, then export a private, watermark-free MP4 in your browser. - [Chroma Key Video](https://candoya.com/tools/chroma-key-video/): Remove a green screen from video online with live chroma key controls. Export transparent WebM locally with no upload, account, or watermark. - [Crop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/): Crop video online with a visual frame, social aspect ratios, and exact pixels. Export a private, watermark-free MP4 without uploading your file. - [Audio Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-audio-from-video/): Extract audio from video as MP3, M4A, or WAV with private in-browser processing, preview, bitrate controls, and no file upload or watermark. - [FPS Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/fps-changer/): Change video FPS online to 24, 30, 60, or a custom frame rate. Convert privately in your browser and download a watermark-free MP4. - [Frames to Video](https://candoya.com/tools/frames-to-video/): Turn PNG, JPEG, or WebP frames into a video in your browser. Sort, reorder, set frame rate and resolution, then download without uploading. - [GIF to Video](https://candoya.com/tools/gif-to-video/): Convert GIF to video as MP4 or WebM with quality, size, repeat, and background controls. Free, private, local, and watermark-free. - [Loop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/loop-video/): Loop video online by repeating an MP4, MOV, WebM, or other clip 2 to 10 times. Export locally with no upload, watermark, or account. - [Mute Video](https://candoya.com/tools/mute-video/): Mute video online by removing every audio track without changing picture quality. Private browser processing, previews, progress, cancel, and download. - [Reverse Video](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-video/): Reverse video online with optional backward audio, MP4 or WebM export, and no watermark. Your clip stays private and processes in your browser. - [Rotate and Flip Video](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-flip-video/): Rotate video online by 90, 180, or 270 degrees, or flip it horizontally or vertically. Export a private MP4 without uploads or watermarks. - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/): Record your screen online with optional supported audio, a live timer, instant preview, and local download. No upload, account, or extension. - [SRT Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/srt-editor/): Edit SRT subtitles online, repair timing, replace text, reorder cues and export a clean file. No upload or sign-up - it stays in your browser. - [Silent Section Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/silent-section-trimmer/): Remove silence from video online with adjustable pause detection and reviewable cuts. Export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark. - [Split Video by Time](https://candoya.com/tools/split-video-by-time/): Split video by time into equal or fixed-duration MP4 clips online. Make up to 30 precise parts privately in your browser with no upload. - [Subtitle Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/subtitle-extractor/): Extract embedded subtitles from MKV, MP4, MOV, or WebM video and download an editable SRT file. Private browser processing with no upload. - [Vertical Clip Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/vertical-clip-cropper/): Make a video vertical for Reels, Shorts, and TikTok. Crop to 9:16, 4:5, or 1:1 with blur or black fill. Private, no upload, free MP4 export. - [Video Bitrate Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/bitrate-changer/): Change video bitrate online to a specific target, preserve dimensions and duration, verify the result, and download a private local MP4. - [Video Aspect Ratio Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-aspect-ratio-changer/): Change video aspect ratio to 16:9, 9:16, 1:1, 4:5, 4:3, or 21:9. Crop or add bars locally, then download a watermark-free MP4. - [Webcam Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/webcam-recorder/): Record webcam video online with optional microphone audio, a live timer, local playback, retakes, and private WebM or MP4 download. - [Video Collage Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/video-collage/): Make a video collage online with 2 to 4 clips in a split screen or grid. Preview and export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark. - [Video Color Grade](https://candoya.com/tools/video-color-grade/): Color grade video online with exposure, white balance, shadows, highlights, contrast, and saturation controls. Preview and export a private MP4 locally. - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/): Compress video online with local MP4 or WebM processing, quality and resolution controls, no upload, no watermark, and clear size savings. - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/): Convert video online to MP4, WebM, MOV, or MKV with private in-browser processing, quality and resolution controls, and no upload or watermark. - [Video Filters](https://candoya.com/tools/video-filters/): Apply video filters online with live color controls and private MP4 export. Add vivid, mono, sepia, warm, cool, vintage, or noir looks without uploads. - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/): Join videos online into one MP4 or WebM file. Reorder and preview clips, merge mixed formats locally, and download without uploads or watermarks. - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/): View video metadata, codecs, dimensions, frame rate, bitrate, audio, subtitles and tags locally. No upload, playback or transcoding. - [Picture-in-Picture Video Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-overlay-picture-in-picture/): Create a picture-in-picture video online with a movable, timed video inset. Export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark. - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/): Resize video online to exact pixels or social media dimensions. Fit, fill, or stretch a private video and download a watermark-free MP4. - [Video Resolution Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resolution-changer/): Change video resolution online to 1080p, 720p, 480p, or custom dimensions. Preserve aspect ratio and download a private H.264 MP4. - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/): Change video speed online from 0.25x to 4x, preview the timing, keep audio synchronized, and download a private, watermark-free MP4. - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/): Generate a video thumbnail from any browser-playable file. Scrub to the exact frame, export PNG, JPEG, or WebP, and keep the video on your device. - [Video to Frames](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-frames/): Convert video to frames in your browser. Choose a time range and interval, preview every image, then download PNG, JPEG, or WebP files in a ZIP. - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/): Convert video to GIF online with trim, width, frame rate, and color controls. Your video stays on your device with no upload or watermark. - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/): Trim a video online with precise start and end times, selection preview, and local MP4 or WebM export. Your video never leaves your device. - [VTT to SRT](https://candoya.com/tools/vtt-to-srt/): Convert VTT to SRT in your browser. Paste or upload WebVTT captions, validate cues, preview the SubRip result, copy it, or download it free. - [Profile QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/profile-qr-code/): Free profile QR code generator for contact cards. Create a scannable MeCard QR as PNG, no sign-up and no upload. ## [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) Meta tags, slugs, sitemaps and validators. - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/): Free breadcrumb schema generator that builds valid BreadcrumbList JSON-LD for Google rich results. No sign-up - runs in your browser. - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/): Free meta tag generator that builds SEO, Open Graph, and Twitter Card HTML from your page details. Live preview, no sign-up - runs in your browser. - [Open Graph Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/): Open Graph generator with a live social card preview, required-tag checks, and escaped HTML you can copy. Free and private in your browser. - [Robots.txt Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/robots-txt-generator/): Free robots.txt generator for valid crawler rules, Allow and Disallow paths, and sitemap URLs. Preview, copy, or download your file in the browser. - [SERP Snippet Preview](https://candoya.com/tools/serp-snippet-preview/): Free SERP snippet preview to test your title, URL, and meta description in desktop and mobile Google-style results. Live, private, and no sign-up. - [XML Sitemap Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sitemap-xml-generator/): Free XML sitemap generator for valid sitemap.xml files. Paste URLs, check errors, add optional metadata, then copy or download in your browser. - [Topical Map Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/): Free topical map generator: turn one seed topic into a pillar-and-cluster SEO content plan with intent labels. Instant, private, no sign-up. - [UTM Link Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/utm-link-builder/): Free UTM link builder for creating correctly encoded campaign URLs. Add source, medium, campaign, term, content, and ID tags instantly. - [URL Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/url-builder/): Free URL builder to combine a scheme, host, path, query parameters, and fragment into a correctly encoded link. Build and copy it in your browser. --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "2048 Game - Play the Classic Puzzle Online" description: "Play the classic 2048 game online for free. Merge number tiles with keys or swipes, undo a move, and save your board and best score in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/2048-game/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Play 2048 Online Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What is the 2048 game? 2048 is a single-player number puzzle played on a 4 x 4 grid. Slide every tile in one direction, combine equal numbers, and keep building until you create the 2048 tile. This browser version supports keyboard, touch, and button controls, saves your game locally, and lets you continue beyond 2048. The game runs entirely in your browser with no account or download. Your current board and best score stay in local browser storage, so you can close the tab and return later. No game data is uploaded. Scoring follows the classic rule: every merge adds the value of the tile it creates. Combining two 64 tiles adds 128 points, while slides without a merge add nothing. ## How to use it 1. **Move every tile** - Press an arrow key or WASD, swipe across the board, or use a direction button. All tiles slide as far as they can in that direction. 2. **Merge matching numbers** - When two equal tiles meet, they combine into one tile with double the value. A tile can merge only once in a single move. 3. **Protect your open spaces** - Keep your largest tile near a corner and arrange the other values around it. A new 2 or 4 appears after each valid move. 4. **Reach 2048 or keep going** - Making a 2048 tile wins the classic goal. Choose Keep going to chase 4096 and a higher score, or start a new game. ## Who it's for - **Quick puzzle breaks** when you want a game that starts instantly and can be paused by closing the tab. - **Strategy practice** with one-step undo, a persistent board, and a clear highest-tile readout. - **Phone and tablet play** using board-only swipes that leave the rest of the page free to scroll. - **Keyboard players** using arrow keys or WASD for fast moves without reaching for a mouse. ## Expert note The edge case that reveals whether a 2048 implementation is correct is a line of four equal tiles. Moving 2, 2, 2, 2 to the left must produce 4, 4, 0, 0, not 8, 0, 0, 0, because a newly merged tile cannot merge again during the same move. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this 2048 game free? Yes. You can play as many games as you like without an account, payment, download, or daily limit. The complete puzzle runs in your browser, and all controls, including undo and continuing after 2048, are available for free. ### Is my 2048 game uploaded or tracked? No game state is uploaded. Your board, current score, and best score are written only to local storage in your browser so the game can resume later. Clearing this site's browser data removes that saved progress. ### What are the controls for 2048? Use the arrow keys or WASD on a keyboard. On a touch screen, swipe up, right, down, or left directly across the board. You can also use the four visible direction buttons with a mouse, keyboard, switch control, or other assistive input. ### How do tiles merge in 2048? All tiles slide toward the chosen edge. Adjacent tiles with the same number merge into one tile worth their sum, and each tile may merge only once per move. After any move that changes the board, a new 2 appears 90 percent of the time and a 4 appears 10 percent of the time. ### How is the 2048 score calculated? Each merge adds the value of the new tile to your score. Merging two 8 tiles creates 16 and adds 16 points. Simply sliding tiles does not add points. Your best score is the highest total reached on this browser. ### Does the 2048 game end when I reach 2048? Reaching the 2048 tile displays a win message, but you can choose Keep going and continue combining tiles into 4096 or beyond. The game ends only when the grid is full and no equal tiles touch horizontally or vertically. ### Can I undo a move? Yes. Undo restores the board and score from immediately before your latest valid move. It is a single-step practice aid, so making another move after an undo replaces that saved position. Your best score remains intact. ## Related tools - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Reaction Time Test](https://candoya.com/tools/reaction-time-test/) - [Click Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/click-speed-test/) - [Maze Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/maze-generator/) - [Typing Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Accent Mark Helper - Type Accented Letters" description: "Use this accent mark helper to type and copy accented letters for Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Polish, Turkish, and more." url: https://candoya.com/tools/accent-marks-helper/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Accent Mark Helper Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is an accent mark helper? An accent mark helper lets you type letters that are missing from your physical keyboard. Choose a language set, place the cursor in the writing area, and click an accented character to insert it. You can compose a full sentence, replace selected text, and copy the finished Unicode text into any app. The palette includes common Latin-script characters for Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Turkish, Romanian, and Nordic languages. Everything stays in the browser, so you can prepare names, vocabulary notes, and short messages without changing your keyboard layout. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a character set** - Select a language or keep Common accents for a broad palette of frequently used Latin characters. 2. **Place the cursor** - Type or paste into the writing area, then click where the next accented character should go. Selected text will be replaced. 3. **Insert accented letters** - Switch between lowercase and uppercase, then click each character you need. The cursor stays ready for the next letter. 4. **Copy the result** - Use Copy when the text is ready, then paste the Unicode text into your document, message, form, or learning app. ## Who it's for - **Language learners** can finish exercises with the correct accents even when their hardware keyboard lacks the needed keys. - **Writers and editors** can enter foreign names, loanwords, and quotations without hunting through a system character map. - **Travelers and international teams** can draft short messages with the spelling readers expect in their language. - **Students and teachers** can build vocabulary lists and worksheets with uppercase and lowercase accented letters. ## Expert note The helper inserts precomposed Unicode characters such as `é` (U+00E9) and Romanian `ș` (U+0219). Precomposed characters usually behave more predictably in search, filenames, and older software than a base letter followed by a separate combining mark. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the accent mark helper free? Yes. You can type, edit, and copy as much accented text as you need without an account, download, or usage limit. The character palette and writing area work directly in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Character insertion, editing, and counting happen locally in your browser. The text in the writing area is not sent to a server by this tool. ### How much text can I type? The helper does not impose a text limit. Very large documents may be easier to edit in a dedicated word processor, but normal sentences, messages, vocabulary lists, and notes work instantly. ### How do I type accent marks on a keyboard? Keyboard shortcuts vary by operating system and layout. This helper avoids that setup: select a language, type ordinary text, and click an accented letter to insert it at the cursor. Then copy the finished text into the app you need. ### Can I type uppercase accented letters? Yes. Choose Uppercase above the palette to display capital variants such as Á, É, Ñ, Ç, and Ü. Switch back to Lowercase at any time without changing the text you already entered. ### Does it support Spanish and French accents? Yes. The Spanish set includes accented vowels, ü, ñ, and inverted punctuation. The French set includes grave, acute, circumflex, and diaeresis vowels plus ç, æ, and œ. Other presets cover several European languages. ### Can I replace a letter that is already typed? Yes. Select the existing letter or text in the writing area, then click a character in the palette. The selected range is replaced and the cursor moves directly after the inserted character. ## Related tools - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Parts of Speech Tagger](https://candoya.com/tools/parts-of-speech-tagger/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Accessible Color Palette Generator - WCAG" description: "Generate a role-based accessible color palette from brand and background colors. Check WCAG AA and AAA contrast, preview roles, and copy CSS." url: https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Accessible Color Palette Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is an accessible color palette generator? An accessible color palette generator turns a brand color and page background into practical UI roles, then checks each intended foreground and background pair against WCAG contrast thresholds. It gives you text, surface, primary, accent, border, and on-primary colors with exact ratios and copy-ready CSS variables. This generator is built for the point where a brand color has to become a usable interface. It keeps the chosen hue where possible, adjusts lightness to meet your AA or AAA target, and assigns each result a clear role. The live preview shows the roles together, while the pair-by-pair report keeps the claim precise: **it checks opaque sRGB contrast, not accessibility as a whole**. Everything is calculated locally in your browser. Your colors are not uploaded, and you can copy any individual hex value or export the full set as CSS custom properties. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your starting colors** - Enter the brand hex color you want to preserve and the page background it must work against. 2. **Set the contrast target** - Choose AA for a 4.5:1 normal-text target or AAA for 7:1, then choose how the accent relates to the brand hue. 3. **Review roles and real pairs** - Check the interface preview and read the exact ratio plus AA and AAA result for every intended foreground-background pair. 4. **Adjust and export** - Try another accent, edit either starting color, copy a single value, or copy the complete CSS-variable block. ## Who it's for - **Product designers** turning an approved brand color into background, surface, text, action, accent, and border roles. - **Front-end developers** who need named CSS tokens plus exact contrast evidence for a design-system review. - **Accessibility reviewers** checking the intended text and UI pairs before colors are embedded across many components. - **Small teams** exploring AA and AAA targets without moving brand inputs into a hosted design service. ## Expert note A fixed mid-luminance background can make a 7:1 ratio mathematically impossible with any foreground: even black and white may both fall short. In that case the generator returns the strongest available option and shows the failed AAA badge instead of claiming compliance. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this accessible color palette generator free? Yes. You can generate, adjust, preview, and export as many palettes as you need without an account or usage limit. The complete role set is available as individual hex values and a copyable CSS custom-property block. ### Are my brand colors uploaded? No. Color conversion, palette generation, contrast measurement, and CSS export all run locally in your browser. The tool does not need to send your brand or background colors to a server to calculate the result. ### What are the WCAG contrast thresholds for text? For WCAG 2.x, normal text needs at least 4.5:1 for AA and 7:1 for AAA. Large text needs at least 3:1 for AA and 4.5:1 for AAA. WCAG defines large text as at least 18 point regular or 14 point bold. ### Does every generated color pass WCAG AAA? Not always. The chosen background may make 7:1 impossible, especially around the middle of the luminance range. The generator searches the full lightness axis, keeps the nearest passing choice when one exists, and clearly reports any pair that still fails. ### How does the generator preserve my brand color? It keeps the brand hue and saturation, then searches lighter and darker versions for the nearest color that reaches the selected ratio against the page background. The accent begins from an analogous, complementary, or triadic hue and goes through the same check. ### Does a passing palette make my website accessible? No. This tool checks color contrast for the listed opaque sRGB pairs. A complete accessibility review must also cover semantics, keyboard use, focus visibility, zoom, motion, component states, images, and information conveyed by color alone. ## Related tools - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Blank Page to PDF - Free Online Inserter" description: "Add blank pages to a PDF online at any position. Match the nearby page, choose A4 or Letter, and download privately with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-blank-page-to-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Blank Page to PDF Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I add a blank page to a PDF? Add your PDF, choose the beginning, end, or a position before or after an existing page, then download the edited copy. You can insert up to 20 blank pages at once and match the nearby page size or use A4 or US Letter. Processing stays in your browser. Insert a clean sheet where you need **notes, a divider, a signature page, or a duplex-printing spacer**. The tool can place several consecutive blank pages without turning the rest of the document into images. Your original file remains unchanged and never leaves your device. For mixed-size documents, the match option copies the width and height of the nearby reference page. Beginning uses the first page, end uses the last page, and before or after uses the page number you choose. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one unencrypted PDF onto the tool or click to choose it. The browser reads its page count and dimensions locally. 2. **Choose the blank pages** - Set their position, quantity, and size. For before or after placement, enter the reference page number. 3. **Create and download** - Check the insertion preview, click Add blank pages, and download the new PDF to your device. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** adding room for handwritten answers or lesson notes inside a PDF packet. - **Office teams** inserting a separator, approval sheet, or placeholder before combining a report. - **Print workflows** adding intentional spacers so sections begin on the correct side during duplex printing. - **Design and review teams** creating blank annotation pages next to drawings, proofs, or presentation slides. ## Expert note PDF page positions are zero-based internally, so inserting several pages requires advancing the insertion index after each new page. This tool does that in sequence, preserving the requested order and avoiding reversed or misplaced blank pages. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the PDF, inserts the new page objects, and creates the download locally. CanDoYa does not receive your document. After the page and PDF code have loaded, the file operation itself does not require an upload connection. ### Is it free to add blank pages to a PDF? Yes. You can add blank pages and download the edited PDF without payment, an account, a watermark, or daily credits. The work runs on your device, so processing speed depends on the PDF size and the memory available in your browser. ### What are the PDF limits? The tool accepts one unencrypted PDF up to 100 MB and 500 source pages. You can insert from 1 to 20 consecutive blank pages in one operation. Split a larger file into smaller PDFs before editing it here. ### Can I insert a blank page in the middle of a PDF? Yes. Choose Before a page or After a page, then enter the existing page number that anchors the insertion. The preview shows the first resulting position and total page count before you create the edited PDF. ### What size will the new blank page be? Choose Match the nearby page to copy its width and height, or select A4 portrait or US Letter portrait. In a mixed-size PDF, the matching reference is the first page, last page, or the specific page used for before or after placement. ### Does adding a blank page reduce PDF quality? No existing page is rasterized. Text remains selectable, vector artwork stays vector, and embedded images keep their original resolution. The document is serialized again, so its byte size can change even though visible source-page quality does not. ### Can I add pages to a password-protected PDF? Not with this tool. If you are authorized to edit the file, open it in a PDF application, enter the password, and save an unlocked copy. Add that copy here. Damaged files are rejected rather than producing an unreliable download. ### Will digital signatures remain valid? Any change to a signed PDF, including adding a blank page, can invalidate a certificate-based digital signature. Add pages before the final signing step when possible, or verify every signature in your PDF application after downloading the edited document. ## Related tools - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/) - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Line Breaks to Text Online" description: "Add line breaks to text by separator, sentence, word or word count. Format lists and paragraphs instantly in your browser with no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-line-breaks/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Line Breaks Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I add line breaks to text? Paste your text, then choose where each new line should begin. You can replace commas or any exact separator, put every sentence or word on its own line, or wrap text after a fixed number of words. The output updates instantly in your browser and is ready to copy. A useful line break is more than visual spacing: it turns one dense value into records another tool can understand. Split comma-separated names before pasting them into a spreadsheet, place one sentence per line for review, or wrap long copy into predictable word groups. The separator is treated as literal text, not a regular expression, so characters such as `|`, `.` and `*` work exactly as typed. Choose **Keep separator** when punctuation still belongs in the result, such as a semicolon at the end of each item. Leave **Trim each line** enabled to remove padding around the new boundaries. Your text is processed locally and is never uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the source text** - Enter a delimited list, paragraph or other text in the left-hand box. 2. **Choose a break rule** - Split on an exact separator, after each sentence, after each word or after a chosen number of words. 3. **Adjust the details** - For separator mode, enter the text to replace and decide whether to keep it. Use Trim each line to remove surrounding spaces. 4. **Copy the formatted result** - Review the live output and counts, then copy the line-separated text to your document, spreadsheet or app. ## Who it's for - **Spreadsheet users** turning a comma-, semicolon- or pipe-delimited value into one item per row. - **Writers and editors** placing one sentence per line to compare, reorder or annotate a dense paragraph. - **Prompt writers** splitting requirements, examples or constraints into a clean line-by-line structure. - **Developers and operators** converting copied identifiers, tags or command output into line-separated text. ## Expert note For data lists, split on the complete delimiter including any meaningful punctuation, then trim the fragments. For prose, sentence mode only treats end punctuation followed by spacing as a boundary, which avoids breaking decimal numbers and most URLs. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The line break generator runs entirely in your browser with client-side JavaScript. Your source and formatted result are not sent to a server, so you can use it with drafts, notes, prompts and internal lists. ### Is the add line breaks tool free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, download or fixed usage limit. Paste the text, choose a break rule and copy the live result whenever it looks right. ### How much text can I format? There is no preset character or line limit. The transformation is a lightweight text operation, so ordinary documents and long lists complete immediately. The practical limit depends on your browser memory and how much text remains comfortable to edit in a textarea. ### Can I replace commas with line breaks? Yes. Leave Break at set to Separator, enter a comma and paste the comma-separated text. Every exact comma becomes a new line. Turn on Keep separator if you want the commas to remain at the ends of the resulting lines. ### Can I add a line break after every sentence? Yes. Choose Each sentence to place sentence-ending punctuation and its closing quote or bracket at the end of a line. The tool recognizes periods, question marks, exclamation marks, ellipses and common CJK sentence punctuation. ### Can I insert a line break every few words? Yes. Choose Word count and enter a whole number from 1 to 1000. The tool groups whitespace-separated words into lines of that size without splitting a word in the middle. The final line can contain fewer words. ### Does the separator support regular expressions? No. The separator is matched as exact literal text, which makes punctuation and symbols predictable. Enter a comma, pipe, semicolon, arrow or a whole phrase exactly as it appears in the source. ### Does it work with Windows and Mac line endings? Yes. Windows CRLF and older carriage-return line endings are normalized to standard LF newlines before formatting. Unicode letters, emoji and combining marks are preserved unchanged. ## Related tools - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Paragraph Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/paragraph-counter/) - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Line Numbers to Text Online" description: "Add line numbers to text online with custom starts, increments, styles and zero-padding. Blank lines stay intact, and your text stays private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-line-numbers/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Line Numbers to Text Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I add line numbers to text? Paste your text and this line numbering tool places a sequential number before each line instantly. Choose the starting number, increment and marker style, then copy the result. You can align numbers with leading zeros and preserve blank lines without counting them, all inside your browser. Line numbers turn a plain block into text people can reference precisely. They help reviewers point to one sentence in a transcript, one instruction in a checklist or one row in a copied data set. The live preview makes every formatting choice visible before you copy. The tool preserves your original line breaks, including Windows and Unix endings. Enable **Skip blank lines** to keep paragraph spacing while continuing the sequence only across lines that contain text. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the lines** - Enter or paste the multiline text you want to number, or load the example to try the controls. 2. **Choose the sequence** - Set the starting value and increment, then pick a period, parenthesis, brackets, colon or tab style. 3. **Handle spacing** - Keep blank lines unnumbered for paragraphs, and turn on zero-padding when aligned digits matter. 4. **Copy the result** - Review the live output and copy the numbered text back into your document, message or editor. ## Who it's for - **Developers and reviewers** labeling code snippets, logs and configuration samples for precise feedback. - **Writers and editors** numbering scripts, lyrics, transcripts or interview notes for discussion. - **Teachers and students** preparing passages, questions and reading exercises with easy references. - **Operations teams** turning copied rows, agenda items and requirements into an ordered list. ## Expert note Apply line numbers after the text is stable: inserting or deleting a line changes every later reference. For columns that must align in plain text, zero-padding keeps 01, 02 and 10 the same width. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Numbering runs locally with JavaScript in your browser. The text you paste is not sent to a server, so drafts, transcripts, logs and internal notes remain on your device while you work. ### Is the add line numbers tool free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, download or fixed usage limit. Paste your text, adjust the numbering options and copy the result as often as you need. ### How much text can I number at once? There is no fixed line or character limit. The work happens locally and normal documents update instantly. Extremely large text is limited only by your browser memory and by what is practical to review in a text area. ### Can I start line numbering at 0 or another number? Yes. Enter any safe whole number in Start at, including 0 or a negative value. You can also change Increment to count by 2, 5 or another non-zero whole number, including a negative step for descending sequences. ### Can I skip blank lines without deleting them? Yes. Keep Skip blank lines enabled. Empty and whitespace-only lines remain in the output as visual gaps, but they receive no marker and do not advance the sequence. Turn the option off when every physical line should be numbered. ### What does Pad with zeros do? It adds leading zeros so every numeric part has the same digit width. A sequence that reaches 12 starts as 01, 02 and 03. Negative values keep the minus sign before the padded digits, such as -03. ### Does the tool preserve Windows line endings? Yes. Carriage return plus line feed, Unix line feed, old-style carriage returns and Unicode line separators stay unchanged. Only the numeric marker is inserted at the start of each selected line. ### Does line numbering work with non-English text? Yes. The tool operates on line boundaries rather than words or grammar. It can number text written in any script, along with emoji, punctuation and mixed-language content, without changing the characters inside each line. ## Related tools - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Page Numbers to PDF Online Free" description: "Add page numbers to a PDF online for free. Choose the position, range, first number, font size, format, and margin without uploading your file." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Page Numbers to PDF Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I add page numbers to a PDF? Add your PDF, pick one of six header or footer positions, and choose which pages to number. You can set the first printed number, style, font size, and edge margin before downloading a new PDF. Processing stays in your browser, so the document is not uploaded to a file server. This PDF page numbering tool is useful when a merged report, scanned packet, or exported document has no reliable page references. **You can leave a cover unnumbered** by starting the range on page 2 while setting the first printed number to 1. Plain, bracketed, dashed, and current/total styles are available. The tool adds a searchable text layer to the selected pages. It does not turn pages into images, but saving any edited PDF rewrites document bytes. That matters for signed files: existing cryptographic signatures can become invalid after any change. ## How to use it 1. **Add the PDF** - Drop one unencrypted PDF onto the tool or click to choose it. The browser reads its page count locally. 2. **Set the numbering** - Choose a top or bottom position, page range, first number, format, font size, and margin. The miniature page shows the placement. 3. **Create the numbered copy** - Click Add page numbers, then download the new PDF. Keep the original if it contains signatures or records you must preserve unchanged. ## Who it's for - **Project teams** adding stable references to a report after several PDFs have been merged. - **Students and researchers** numbering a thesis appendix, reading packet, or scanned source before review. - **Legal and administrative staff** preparing an unsigned working copy with page references while keeping the source file on-device. - **Event and training organizers** numbering handouts while excluding a cover or title page. ## Expert note A PDF page's file index and its printed number are separate ideas. If page 1 is a cover, set the range to begin at source page 2 and set Start at number to 1. The tool then labels source pages 2, 3, and 4 as 1, 2, and 3. For a current/total style, the total is the last number in that selected sequence, not the PDF's raw page count. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your PDF is read, numbered, and saved in your browser. CanDoYa does not receive the document. The page must load the PDF library before processing, but the file itself is not posted to a processing service. Clear the tool or close the tab to release its local preview and download data. ### Is it free to add page numbers to a PDF? Yes. The tool adds page numbers and creates a downloadable PDF without an account, payment, watermark, or task quota. It processes one document at a time on your device. The fixed safety limits are 150 MB and 2,000 pages, and available browser memory can impose a lower practical limit. ### What are the PDF size and page limits? The input limit is 150 MB and 2,000 pages. Browser editing can temporarily use several times the source file size because it holds both the original and output in memory. A large PDF may work on a laptop but fail on a memory-constrained phone. Splitting a very large document first can help. ### Can I skip the cover page and start numbering at 1? Yes. If the cover is source page 1, enter 2 as From page and 1 as Start at number. The first visible number will be 1 on source page 2. Set To page to the final page that needs a number; pages outside that continuous range remain unchanged. ### Can I put numbers at the top or bottom of each page? Yes. Choose top left, top center, top right, bottom left, bottom center, or bottom right. Margin controls the distance from the page edge, measured in millimetres. The tool accounts for portrait, landscape, and stored 90 degree page rotations when calculating each placement. ### Will adding numbers reduce PDF quality? The tool writes vector text onto each selected page instead of rasterizing the page, so existing text, images, and vectors are not deliberately recompressed. The output may have a different file size because the PDF is saved again. Unusual PDF features should be checked in the downloaded copy before distribution. ### Will existing digital signatures stay valid? Do not assume so. Adding visible page numbers changes the PDF bytes, which normally invalidates cryptographic signatures that covered the original file. Work from an unsigned copy or keep the signed original untouched. This tool does not promise signature preservation, certification retention, or long-term archival conformance. ### Why is my encrypted or damaged PDF rejected? The browser library cannot safely edit password-protected PDFs without an unlock step, and malformed files may not have a readable page tree. If you are authorized, open an encrypted file with its password and save an unlocked copy first. For a damaged file, repair or re-export it before adding page numbers. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/) - [Extract PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Text to Image Online - Free Photo Editor" description: "Add text to an image online with custom fonts, color, outline, rotation and drag placement. Export at full resolution without uploading your photo." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-text-to-image/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Text to Image Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How can I add text to an image online? Add text to an image by choosing a JPG, PNG or WebP file, typing your caption and dragging it into place. Adjust the font, size, color, alignment, outline, background and rotation in a live preview, then export the finished picture at its original pixel dimensions without uploading it. This focused photo text editor burns one multiline text layer into the image pixels, so your caption stays attached when the file is shared, printed or opened elsewhere. The canvas work happens locally in your browser, and the editor keeps the original dimensions for export. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop in a JPG, PNG or WebP file, or open the built-in example. 2. **Write and place the text** - Type a caption, choose its style and drag the text directly on the preview or use a position shortcut. 3. **Create and save** - Choose PNG, JPEG or WebP, create the full-resolution result and download or copy it. ## Who it's for - **Social media creators** can add headlines, quotes or calls to action to photos without opening a full design app. - **Teachers and teams** can label diagrams, screenshots and reference images with clear notes. - **Small businesses** can place prices, product names or event details on promotional images. ## Expert note Text size is stored as a percentage of the image width and placement as relative coordinates, so the live preview matches the full-resolution export instead of shifting when the preview is scaled. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this add text to image tool free? Yes. You can add and style text, preview the result and export the finished image without an account, subscription, credit limit or added CanDoYa watermark. The editor runs in your browser, so there is no server queue or upload allowance. ### Are my photos uploaded? No. Your browser decodes the image, draws the text overlay and creates the output file locally with the Canvas API. The photo and caption are not sent to CanDoYa or stored on a server. Available memory on your device sets the practical limit for large files. ### What image formats and sizes are supported? You can open JPG, PNG and WebP images up to 50 MB, 50 megapixels and 16,384 pixels on either side. You can export to PNG, JPEG or WebP. Some older browsers may not support WebP export, so PNG remains available as a fallback. ### Can I move the text anywhere on the image? Yes. Drag the text directly on the preview for free placement, or use any of the 9 position shortcuts for fast alignment. The editor saves the position as a percentage of the image size, which keeps it consistent in the full-resolution export. ### Can I add an outline or background behind the text? Yes. Open the readability options to add a colored text outline or a translucent background box. An outline helps lettering stay visible over mixed light and dark details, while a background box works well for longer captions and labels. ### Does adding text reduce the image resolution? No. The output keeps the original width and height. PNG is lossless, while JPEG and WebP use the quality level you choose and may slightly change fine detail. For repeated edits, start from the original image rather than resaving a compressed copy several times. ### Can I add multiple text layers? This editor focuses on one multiline text layer with free placement and styling. Put separate lines in the text box when they share a style. For several independently positioned labels, create one result, reopen it and add the next label, or use a full layer-based design editor. ## Related tools - [Add Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Rotate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Watermark to Video Online Free" description: "Add a text or logo watermark to video online. Preview size, opacity, and position, then export a private MP4 locally with no account or upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-video-watermark/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Watermark to Video Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can you add a watermark to a video online? Choose a video, enter watermark text or select a logo, then adjust its size, opacity, and position over the live preview. Export creates a new MP4 with the mark on every frame. The source video, logo, and finished file remain in your browser instead of entering an upload queue. This video watermark tool supports two practical marks: a short text label such as a creator handle, or a JPG, PNG, or WebP logo. Nine position presets keep placement consistent from frame to frame. Size is relative to the video width, while opacity is baked into the overlay so the exported result matches the preview closely. The browser first turns either watermark type into a transparent PNG. FFmpeg WebAssembly then overlays that image across the full video, writes H.264 picture data, and keeps the first readable audio track as AAC. Subtitles, extra tracks, chapters, and source metadata are not copied. The engine downloads only when export starts; your media files are not sent with that request. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop in an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file. 2. **Create the watermark** - Type a short label and choose its color, or switch to Logo and select a JPG, PNG, or WebP image. 3. **Set placement** - Pick one of nine positions, then adjust size and opacity while watching the live preview. 4. **Export the MP4** - Apply the watermark to every frame, preview the finished file, and download it to your device. ## Who it's for - **Creators** can keep a handle or channel name visible when short clips are reposted. - **Small businesses** can add a transparent logo to product demos and social videos. - **Review teams** can mark an internal cut as DRAFT before sharing it with stakeholders. - **Teachers and presenters** can identify the source of reusable lesson recordings. ## Expert note A corner logo is least distracting but easiest to crop away. For attribution that survives square and vertical crops, move a semi-transparent mark toward the center and keep it clear of faces, captions, and important interface details. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I add a watermark? No. The selected video and logo remain in this browser tab. A WebAssembly build of FFmpeg processes the frames locally and creates the downloadable MP4 on your device. The engine code downloads when export begins, but your source, logo, and result are not uploaded to CanDoYa. ### Is this video watermark tool free? Yes. You can add text or a logo, preview the placement, render the result, and download it without an account, subscription, credit limit, or extra CanDoYa branding. Your device supplies the processing power, so practical limits depend on available memory and the video's length, resolution, and codec. ### How large a video can I watermark in the browser? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on a high-memory desktop. Files near those limits can take time because the browser holds the source, video engine, decoded frames, watermark, and exported file at once. ### Can I add a transparent logo to a video? Yes. Choose Logo, then select a PNG, JPG, or WebP image up to 20 MB. A transparent PNG usually gives the cleanest result because its background stays transparent. You can change the logo's relative size, opacity, and position before creating the final MP4. ### Can I add text to a video as a watermark? Yes. Text mode turns a short label into a high-resolution transparent overlay with your chosen color, opacity, and position. A subtle dark edge keeps light text readable over mixed footage. The text is rasterized before export, so the result does not depend on fonts installed on the viewing device. ### Does the exported video keep its audio? Yes, when the source contains a readable audio stream. The tool writes the first audio track as AAC alongside the H.264 picture in an MP4. Silent clips stay silent. Extra audio tracks, subtitles, chapters, attachments, and original metadata are intentionally omitted from the new file. ### Will adding a watermark reduce video quality? The picture must be re-encoded so the watermark appears in every player. The export uses a high-quality H.264 setting, but any lossy re-encode can alter fine detail. Keep the original video as your master and add the watermark from that original instead of repeatedly editing an already compressed copy. ### Can a visible watermark stop video theft? A visible watermark can preserve attribution and discourage casual reuse, but it is not digital rights management. Someone may crop, cover, or retouch it. Place the mark over meaningful picture content when deterrence matters, keep original project files, and use licensing or platform reporting when stronger enforcement is needed. ## Related tools - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Filters](https://candoya.com/tools/video-filters/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Watermark to PDF Online Free" description: "Add a text or image watermark to a PDF online for free. Control pages, position, size, rotation, color, and opacity without uploading your file." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Watermark to PDF Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I add a watermark to a PDF? Add your PDF, choose a text label or PNG/JPEG logo, then adjust its position, size, angle, opacity, and target pages. A live page preview shows the placement before you create a downloadable copy. The PDF and watermark stay in your browser instead of being uploaded to a processing server. Use a text watermark for labels such as **Confidential, Draft, Sample, or Approved**. Image mode works well for a company logo, photographer mark, or department stamp. You can apply the mark to every page, odd or even pages, or a precise list such as 1, 3-5, 8. The tool places a visual image layer over each selected PDF page without rasterizing the original page. Existing text and vector artwork keep their original representation. Because the PDF bytes change, keep the source file if it has a digital signature or must remain an exact archival record. ## How to use it 1. **Add the PDF** - Drop one unencrypted PDF onto the tool or click to choose it. The browser reads the document and renders the current page locally. 2. **Design the watermark** - Enter text or choose a PNG/JPEG image. Set the position, size, opacity, rotation, and pages while checking the live preview. 3. **Create the copy** - Click Add watermark, inspect the result summary, and download the new PDF. Keep the untouched original when signatures or archival integrity matter. ## Who it's for - **Project teams** marking internal drafts before review or client distribution. - **Businesses and agencies** placing a transparent logo on proposals, reports, and proof copies. - **Photographers and designers** identifying preview documents while preserving the original page quality. - **Legal and administrative staff** labeling unsigned working copies as confidential or for review. ## Expert note Opacity changes how strongly a watermark competes with page content: 15-30% is usually enough for a large diagonal Draft or Confidential mark, while a small corner logo often needs 60-90%. Transparent PNG is the safest image format for logos because it avoids a white rectangle around the artwork. Text is rendered into a transparent image first, so non-Latin labels can use the fonts available in your browser. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF and watermark uploaded to a server? No. Your PDF, text, and image watermark are read and combined in your browser. CanDoYa does not receive the document. The page loads PDF libraries as static assets, but processing does not send your files to a conversion service. Clear the tool or close the tab to release its local preview and download data. ### Is it free to add a watermark to a PDF? Yes. You can create and download a watermarked PDF without payment, an account, or a task quota. The tool handles one document at a time and does not add a CanDoYa mark. Its fixed safety limits are 100 MB, 1,000 PDF pages, and 20 MB for an image watermark. ### What PDF and image limits apply? A PDF can be up to 100 MB and 1,000 pages. PNG and JPEG watermark images can be up to 20 MB. Browser memory is the practical limit because editing may hold the source, preview, image, and result at once. Large documents are more reliable on a laptop than on a memory-constrained phone. ### Can I watermark only certain PDF pages? Yes. Choose all pages, odd pages, even pages, or custom pages. Custom selection accepts individual numbers and ascending ranges separated by commas, such as 1, 3-5, 8. The page preview states whether the current page is included, so you can check the selection before processing. ### Can I use a logo or transparent image as the watermark? Yes. Choose a PNG or JPEG file in Image mode. PNG is recommended for logos with transparent backgrounds because its alpha channel is preserved. JPEG works for rectangular artwork or photographs but cannot contain transparency. The size, opacity, position, and rotation controls apply to either format. ### Can a text watermark contain accented or non-Latin characters? Usually, yes. The tool draws text with fonts available in your browser and embeds that rendered mark as a transparent image, avoiding the limited character set of PDF standard fonts. Glyph coverage still depends on fonts installed or loaded on your device, so inspect the live preview before downloading. ### Will watermarking reduce the quality of the original PDF? The tool adds an image layer to selected pages and does not intentionally rasterize or recompress the existing page. Original text, vectors, and images remain in their PDF form. The output size can change because the file is saved again, and the watermark itself is embedded once for reuse across pages. ### Will an existing digital signature remain valid? Do not assume it will. Adding a watermark changes the PDF bytes, which normally invalidates a cryptographic signature covering the original file. Work from an unsigned copy or preserve the signed original. This tool does not claim to retain certification, permission restrictions, or archival conformance after editing. ## Related tools - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/) - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Add Watermark to Image Online" description: "Add a text or logo watermark to an image online. Preview position, opacity, size, rotation and tiling, then download privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Add Watermark to Image Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How can I add a watermark to an image? Add a watermark to an image by choosing a JPG, PNG or WebP file, then overlaying custom text or a logo. Adjust its size, opacity, rotation and position in the live preview, or repeat it across the picture. Export the finished image at its original pixel dimensions without uploading it. This image watermark tool composites your mark directly into the exported pixels. It supports a single positioned watermark for attribution and a staggered repeating pattern for proof images. Processing stays in your browser, so original artwork, client photos and private drafts never enter an upload queue. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop in a JPG, PNG or WebP image, or load the built-in example. 2. **Design the watermark** - Choose text or logo mode and adjust placement, size, opacity, rotation and repeat settings in the live preview. 3. **Export the result** - Select PNG, JPEG or WebP, create the full-resolution image and download it to your device. ## Who it's for - **Photographers** can add a name or studio logo before sharing client proofs. - **Small businesses** can brand product photos with a consistent corner mark. - **Designers and agencies** can tile SAMPLE or DRAFT across preview images sent for review. ## Expert note A corner watermark is easy to crop away, while a low-opacity diagonal tile covers more of the subject; for client proofs, start around 25 to 35 percent opacity and keep your untouched original separately. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this image watermark tool free? Yes. You can add text or logo watermarks, preview every setting and download the finished image without an account, subscription, credit limit or added CanDoYa branding. Processing uses your own browser, so there is no server queue or upload allowance. ### What image sizes and formats can I watermark? You can open JPG, PNG and WebP images up to 50 MB, 50 megapixels and 16,384 pixels on either side. The same formats are available for export. Very large images may still be limited by the memory available on your phone or computer. ### Can I add a logo watermark to a photo? Yes. Switch to Logo, choose a PNG, JPG or WebP logo, then control its relative size, opacity, rotation and position. A transparent PNG works best when you want the logo shape without a rectangular background. Both the photo and logo remain on your device. ### Can I repeat a watermark across the whole image? Yes. Turn on Repeat watermark to create a staggered pattern across the image. Repeating a text or logo mark is useful for proofs and draft artwork because a viewer cannot remove it simply by cropping one corner. ### Does adding a watermark reduce image quality? The tool keeps the original pixel dimensions. PNG export is lossless, while JPEG and WebP use the quality level you choose and may slightly change fine detail. Repeated editing and saving as JPEG can accumulate compression artifacts, so watermark from the original file when possible. ### Are my images uploaded? No. Image decoding, previewing, compositing and export all happen locally through your browser's Canvas API. Files are not sent to CanDoYa or stored on a server. Available device memory sets the practical limit for large images. ### Can a visible watermark prevent image theft? A visible watermark discourages casual reuse and keeps attribution attached to shared copies, but it is not digital rights management. Someone may crop, cover or retouch it. Use a tiled mark for stronger deterrence, retain original files and use appropriate licensing or copyright enforcement when needed. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Rotate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "AES Encrypt and Decrypt Online - AES-256-GCM" description: "Encrypt and decrypt text with AES-256-GCM online. Password-based, authenticated, and private in your browser with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/aes-encrypt-decrypt/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # AES Encrypt and Decrypt Online Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an AES encrypt and decrypt tool do? An AES encrypt and decrypt tool turns readable text into an authenticated Base64 payload, then restores it with the same password. This page uses AES-256-GCM and a PBKDF2-derived key in your browser. Fresh random values make repeated encryptions different, while GCM rejects changed data instead of returning corrupted text. **The payload is self-contained, but not universal.** It stores a format marker, PBKDF2 work factor, random 16-byte salt, random 12-byte IV, and authenticated ciphertext in one Base64 string. It does not store the password. Other AES tools, OpenSSL, GPG, and password managers use different formats, so they cannot automatically open this custom payload. Encryption and decryption use your browser's Web Crypto API. Your text and password are not sent to CanDoYa. For long-term archives or high-value secrets, use a reviewed encryption product with documented recovery, backups, and key management instead of a convenience tool. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the direction** - Select Encrypt for readable text or Decrypt for a Base64 payload created by this tool. 2. **Add the text and password** - Paste the input and enter a strong, unique password. A longer passphrase resists guessing better than a short password. 3. **Run the operation** - Encrypt or decrypt locally. AES-GCM checks integrity during decryption and rejects a wrong password or changed payload. 4. **Copy and separate** - Copy the result. If you encrypted text, keep the password in a different trusted channel or password manager. ## Who it's for - **Developers** can create private test fixtures or inspect how authenticated browser encryption behaves. - **Students** can see how salts, nonces, password derivation, and authenticated encryption fit together. - **Individuals** can protect a short note before storing it somewhere else, while keeping the password separate. - **Teams** can exchange a small encrypted message after agreeing on this exact payload format and a safe channel for the password. ## Expert note A 256-bit AES key does not make a weak password 256 bits strong: offline attackers can test password guesses against the authenticated payload, so the PBKDF2 work factor only slows guessing and a long unique passphrase remains essential. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text or password uploaded? No. The cryptographic operation runs locally through the Web Crypto API in your browser. CanDoYa does not receive the plaintext, encrypted payload, or password. As with any browser tool, use a trusted device and keep browser extensions and the operating system secure. ### Is this AES encryption tool free? Yes. You can encrypt and decrypt text without an account, payment, or software download. The tool has no artificial operation limit, though it intentionally accepts text up to one million characters to keep browser memory and processing time reasonable. ### Can this tool decrypt AES text from another website or OpenSSL? Usually not. AES defines a cipher, not a single portable text format. Tools can differ in mode, key derivation, salt, IV, authentication tag, encoding, and byte layout. This page decrypts only its own CanDoYa v1 Base64 payload format. ### Why does the same text produce a different encrypted result each time? Each encryption creates a fresh random 16-byte salt and 12-byte IV. The salt changes the password-derived key and the IV makes AES-GCM unique for that operation. Different output is expected and prevents repeated messages from revealing an obvious pattern. ### What happens if the password or encrypted text is wrong? AES-GCM authenticates the ciphertext. A wrong password, missing character, or changed byte makes authentication fail, so the tool shows an error instead of returning untrusted plaintext. There is no password reset, recovery key, or backdoor. ### Is AES-256-GCM secure enough for sensitive data? AES-GCM is a modern authenticated encryption mode when used correctly, but the whole system matters. A weak password remains guessable, and a compromised device can expose text before encryption. Use audited software, strong key management, and backups for high-value or long-term secrets. ### Does AES encryption work with emoji and non-English text? Yes. The tool encodes plaintext as UTF-8 before encryption and decodes it as UTF-8 after successful decryption. Accented letters, Cyrillic, Arabic, CJK text, and emoji survive a round trip as long as the payload and password are unchanged. ## Related tools - [PBKDF2 Derive](https://candoya.com/tools/pbkdf2-derive/) - [HMAC Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [RSA Key Pair Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/rsa-key-pair-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Age Calculator - Exact Age From Date of Birth" description: "Free age calculator: enter a date of birth to get your exact age in years, months and days, plus age in weeks, days, hours - and your next birthday." url: https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Age Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you calculate age from a date of birth? Count the full years since the birth date, then the full months since the last birthday, then the leftover days. This calculator does that instantly: enter a date of birth and it shows the exact age in years, months and days, plus totals in weeks, days, hours, minutes and seconds. Everything runs locally. Your date of birth is **never uploaded or stored** - the age is worked out right on the page in your browser, and the tool keeps working offline once loaded. Change either date and every figure updates instantly. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the date of birth** - Pick or type the date of birth in the first field. 2. **Choose the second date (optional)** - The second field is set to today, so you get the current age. Change it to find the age on any other date - past or future. 3. **Read the results** - The exact age appears as years, months and days, with totals in months, weeks, days, hours, minutes and seconds, plus the next birthday and the weekday of birth. Use Copy results to grab everything. ## Who it's for - **Filling in forms** that ask for an exact age in years, months and days - visa applications, school enrolments, insurance and medical paperwork. - **Parents** tracking a baby's or child's age in weeks and months for check-ups, milestones and daycare cut-off dates. - **HR and admin staff** checking someone's age on a specific date, such as a contract start, an eligibility deadline or a retirement date. - **Birthday planners** finding out how many days until the next birthday and which weekday it lands on. - **Anyone curious** how many days, hours or even seconds they have been alive. ## Expert note Month arithmetic has no single standard: from January 31 to March 1, is that one month and 1 day or one month and 29 days? This tool uses the everyday convention most age calculators follow - leftover days borrow the length of the month before the end date - so January 31 to March 1 counts as 1 month 1 day. Total days, hours and seconds are exact regardless, because they come from a plain day count. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my date of birth uploaded anywhere? No. The whole calculation runs in your browser - nothing is sent to a server, stored or shared. You can even load the page, disconnect from the internet, and it still works. ### Is the age calculator free? Yes - completely free, with no sign-up, no download and no limits on how many dates you check. ### How is age calculated exactly? The tool counts full years up to the last birthday, then full months, then the remaining days. Totals in weeks, days, hours, minutes and seconds come from the exact number of days between the two dates, so leap years are fully accounted for. ### Can I find my age on a past or future date? Yes. The second field is set to today by default, but you can change it to any date - see how old someone was on a historic date, or how old you will be on a coming deadline. ### What about a February 29 birthday? Leap-day birthdays are handled: the age still increases once a year. In common years the tool counts the next birthday from March 1 - the first day the person is a full year older - and the page notes this so the result is never a surprise. ### Why does my result differ from another age calculator by a day or two? Month lengths differ, so calculators disagree on the months-and-days part when a birth date falls late in a month. The years are always the same, and the total-days figure is exact everywhere - only the split between months and days can vary by convention. ### Does it tell me when my next birthday is? Yes. The tool shows how many days remain until the next birthday, the date and weekday it falls on, and the age you turn - handy for planning ahead. ## Related tools - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Amortization Schedule Calculator with CSV" description: "Build a dated amortization schedule with principal, interest, extra payments, annual summaries and CSV export. Free, private and instant." url: https://candoya.com/tools/amortization-schedule/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Amortization Schedule Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is an amortization schedule? An amortization schedule is a payment-by-payment table for a loan. It shows how much of each fixed payment goes to interest, how much reduces principal and what balance remains. This calculator adds real payment months, optional extra principal, yearly summaries and a CSV export you can keep or analyze. The calculator uses the standard fixed-rate payment formula, then recalculates interest from the outstanding balance each month. Everything runs **in your browser**, so loan figures are not uploaded. The output is currency-agnostic: enter dollars, euros or another currency and read every amount in that same currency. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the loan terms** - Add the amount, fixed annual interest rate and term in years. Choose the month of the first payment if you want dated rows. 2. **Model extra principal** - Optionally enter an additional amount paid toward principal each month. The payoff estimate and every later row update immediately. 3. **Review or export the schedule** - Switch between monthly detail and yearly summaries, then download the complete monthly schedule as a CSV file. ## Who it's for - **Borrowers comparing terms** who want to see the full interest cost, not only a monthly payment. - **Home and car buyers** checking how the principal-interest split changes over time. - **People making extra payments** who want an estimate of interest saved and an earlier payoff month. - **Spreadsheet users** who need a clean CSV schedule for budgeting or further analysis. ## Expert note The regular payment stays based on the original term even when you add extra principal. Because the extra amount lowers the balance before the next month's interest is calculated, its benefit compounds through the remaining schedule. Real lender statements can differ because of payment timing, daily interest, rounding rules and fees. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this amortization schedule calculator free? Yes. You can calculate, compare and export schedules without signing up or paying. There is no usage limit built into the page, and the full calculation runs locally in your browser. ### Are my loan details uploaded? No. The amount, rate, term and extra-payment figure stay on your device. The calculator uses client-side JavaScript and does not send those values to a server. ### How many payments can the schedule include? The calculator supports terms up to 50 years, or 600 monthly periods. The preview starts with 12 rows to stay readable, while CSV export always includes the complete calculated schedule. ### How is the monthly payment calculated? For a fixed-rate loan, payment equals P times r times (1+r)^n, divided by ((1+r)^n - 1). P is principal, r is the monthly rate and n is the payment count. At 0% interest, payment is simply principal divided by n. ### How do extra payments change an amortization schedule? Extra payments reduce principal after that month's interest is calculated. The next month begins with a smaller balance, so less interest accrues. Keeping the original scheduled payment can therefore shorten the loan and lower total interest. ### Why might my lender's schedule be different? This is a planning estimate based on equal monthly periods and a fixed nominal rate. A lender may use daily interest, different rounding, payment dates, fees, escrow, insurance or prepayment rules. Check the loan agreement for the official figures. ### What does the CSV file contain? The export includes every payment number and date, total payment, principal, interest, extra principal and remaining balance. It opens in common spreadsheet apps for filtering, charting or personal record keeping. ## Related tools - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Mortgage Overpayment Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-overpayment/) - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Auto Loan Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-loan-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Anagram Game - Free Online Word Scramble" description: "Play a free anagram game online: unscramble the jumbled letters to find the hidden word. Pick a topic, chase a streak, or load your own words. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Anagram Game Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What is an anagram game? An anagram game shows you the letters of a word in a jumbled order and challenges you to rearrange them back into the real word. This free word scramble game deals a new puzzle each round with a clue, tracks your score and streak, and lets you pick a topic and difficulty or play with your own word list. Everything runs in your browser. The word bank ships with the page, the letters are shuffled locally, and your score and best streak are saved only on your device. There is no sign-up, no ads between rounds, and nothing is uploaded, so it works offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a topic and difficulty** - Pick a category and a word length, or leave both on 'all' for a mix. Turn on 'Use your own words' to play with a custom list. 2. **Unscramble the letters** - Read the clue and the jumbled tiles, then type the word you think they spell into the box and press Check or Enter. 3. **Use a hint or shuffle if stuck** - Reveal the next letter with Hint, re-jumble the tiles with Shuffle, Skip to a new word, or Give up to see the answer. 4. **Build your streak** - Each correct answer adds to your score and streak. Your best streak is remembered on this device for next time. ## Who it's for - **Word-game fans** who want a quick daily brain teaser and a streak to beat, without installing an app. - **Teachers and parents** loading a spelling or vocabulary list into the custom-words box so kids practise this week's words as puzzles. - **Language learners** pasting target vocabulary in any language to drill spelling and recall. - **Quiz and party hosts** pulling scrambled words by topic - animals, food, geography, sports, science - for a round of anagrams. - **Anyone with a spare minute** wanting a calm, no-timer puzzle that rewards patience over speed. ## Expert note Anagrams get dramatically harder as words grow longer because the number of possible letter orders is the factorial of the letter count: a 5-letter word has 120 arrangements, but an 8-letter word has 40,320. That is why the Hard band feels so different from Easy, and why leaning on the clue and the first-letter hint matters far more on long words. Words whose letters are all identical cannot be scrambled into a different order, so the game skips shuffling them. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the anagram game free? Yes - it is completely free, with no sign-up and no limits. Every round is generated in your browser, so you can play as much as you like and even offline once the page has loaded. ### How do you play an anagram word game? You are shown the letters of a hidden word in a scrambled order plus a short clue. Rearrange the letters in your head, type the word you think they spell, and submit. Guess correctly to score points and grow your streak; a new scrambled word is dealt each round. ### What is the difference between an anagram game and an anagram solver? An anagram game hides one target word and asks you to unscramble it for points, so it is a puzzle you play. An anagram solver takes letters you supply and lists every valid word they can make, so it is a tool that answers for you. This page is the game. ### Can I use my own words? Yes. Turn on 'Use your own words' and type or paste a list separated by commas or new lines. Your words replace the built-in bank, which is handy for spelling practice or vocabulary in any language. Nothing you type leaves your device. ### Are answers case sensitive? No. Capitalisation does not matter, extra spaces are ignored, and accents are treated leniently, so 'cafe' and 'café' both count. You just need the right letters in the right order. ### How is my score calculated? Each solved word is worth ten points plus a bonus for length, so longer words earn more. Revealing letters with Hint halves that word's points. Your streak counts consecutive correct answers and resets when you miss, skip, or give up; the best streak is saved on your device. ### Do the built-in words work in other languages? The built-in word bank is English, so its puzzles are aimed at English readers. To play in another language, switch on 'Use your own words' and paste a list in that language - the game will scramble and score those instead. ## Related tools - [Anagram Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-solver/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Anagram Solver - Unscramble Letters Online" description: "Use this free anagram solver to unscramble letters into exact anagrams and shorter English words. Add wildcards and filters, all in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-solver/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Anagram Solver Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is an anagram solver? An anagram solver rearranges the letters you enter and checks them against an English word list. It finds exact anagrams that use every letter, plus shorter words you can build from the same rack. Results update instantly, respect repeated letters, and can use question marks for unknown tiles. This solver checks a curated list of more than 1,500 familiar English words locally in your browser. Choose **exact anagrams** for a classic rearrangement, or include shorter words for jumbles and letter-tile games. Filters can set a minimum length or require a starting sequence without sending your letters anywhere. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your letters** - Type a word, scrambled rack or short phrase. Add up to two question marks for unknown letters. 2. **Choose the match type** - Show exact anagrams only, or include shorter words that can be built from part of the rack. 3. **Narrow the list** - Set a minimum word length or enter the letters that each result must start with. 4. **Copy a result** - Select one word to copy it, or use Copy all to copy the complete visible list. ## Who it's for - **Crossword and jumble solvers** test scrambled clue letters and narrow the answer by its first letter. - **Word-game players** find the longest playable words hidden in a rack, including up to two blank tiles. - **Teachers and students** explore letter patterns, spelling and vocabulary with a visible exact-match distinction. - **Writers and naming teams** inspect alternate arrangements of short words and phrases without uploading drafts. ## Expert note A correct solver compares letter frequencies, not just alphabetized unique letters. If your rack has one E, a result that needs two Es is rejected unless a wildcard supplies the missing copy. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my letters uploaded when I use the anagram solver? No. The dictionary and matching logic run locally in your browser. Your letter rack, wildcard choices and filters are not sent to a solving service, and you can clear them at any time. ### Is this anagram solver free? Yes. You can run as many searches as you need without an account, payment or download. Exact and shorter-word modes, wildcards, length filtering and copying are all available for free. ### How many letters can I enter? You can enter up to 15 letters in one search, including as many as two question-mark wildcards. Spaces, hyphens and apostrophes do not count toward the rack because the solver ignores them while matching. ### What is the difference between an exact anagram and a shorter word? An exact anagram uses every supplied letter the same number of times, so it has the same letter count as the rack. A shorter word uses only a subset of those letters. Switch to exact-only mode when every tile must be used. ### Can I use blank tiles or unknown letters? Yes. Enter a question mark for each unknown letter, up to two. A wildcard can replace one missing letter in a candidate word, but it does not let a result exceed the total rack length. ### Why is a valid word missing? The solver uses a curated English word list focused on familiar words rather than every inflection, proper name, abbreviation or specialist term. A valid but rare word may not be included, and the English-only dictionary will not cover other languages. ### Does the solver respect duplicate letters? Yes. Matching counts every copy of each letter. For example, a word needing two Ls only appears when the rack contains two Ls or has enough wildcards to supply the missing letter. ## Related tools - [Palindrome Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/palindrome-checker/) - [Word Frequency Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-frequency-counter/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "App Icon Generator for iOS, Android and Web" description: "Generate iOS, Android and Web app icon sizes from one image. Download organized PNG packs with Xcode and PWA metadata, privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/app-icon-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free App Icon Generator Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does an app icon generator create? An app icon generator turns one high-resolution image into the PNG sizes required by iOS, Android and the web. This tool packages Apple asset catalog icons, Android density folders, favicons and PWA assets in one ZIP, with no upload or account required. **One master image becomes a structured, developer-ready icon pack.** The browser center-crops the source to a square, applies your background and safe padding, then resizes it with Canvas. The ZIP includes an Xcode Contents.json file and a Web App Manifest alongside the generated PNGs. ## How to use it 1. **Add a master image** - Drop or choose a PNG, JPG or WebP image. A square source at least 1024 x 1024 pixels is recommended. 2. **Choose platforms and spacing** - Select iOS, Android or Web packs, set a background color and adjust safe padding while checking the live previews. 3. **Download the icon pack** - Generate one ZIP containing named PNG files in platform folders, plus Xcode and PWA metadata where applicable. ## Who it's for - **iOS developers** can add the generated AppIcon.appiconset folder to an Xcode asset catalog. - **Android developers** can place density-specific launcher icons in the matching mipmap folders and upload the 512 px store image. - **Web developers** can ship browser favicons, an Apple touch icon and PWA manifest icons from the same visual source. - **Designers and indie makers** can preview small and large exports before handing assets to a development team. ## Expert note Small icons punish fine detail: check the 32 px preview before export, and increase safe padding when a logo touches the edge. iOS applies its own corner mask, so the source should remain square rather than baking rounded corners into the artwork. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my app icon image uploaded anywhere? No. The selected image is decoded, cropped, resized and zipped locally by your browser. It is not sent to CanDoYa or a processing server. The temporary preview exists only in the current page and is released when you clear or close the tool. ### Is the app icon generator free? Yes. You can generate and download iOS, Android and Web icon packs without an account, subscription or watermark. The tool processes one source image at a time and accepts PNG, JPG and WebP files up to 50 MB. ### What size should an app icon source image be? Use a square 1024 x 1024 pixel image when possible. That matches the largest iOS marketing icon in this pack and gives smaller exports enough detail. Lower-resolution sources still work, but enlarging them to store size can make edges and text look soft. ### Which iOS app icon sizes are generated? The iOS pack includes common iPhone and iPad notification, settings, Spotlight and home-screen sizes from 20 through 180 pixels, plus the 1024 pixel App Store icon. A Contents.json file maps each PNG to its Xcode idiom, point size and scale. ### Which Android app icon sizes are generated? The Android pack creates 48, 72, 96, 144 and 192 pixel launcher PNGs in mipmap-mdpi through mipmap-xxxhdpi folders. It also adds a separate 512 pixel PNG for the Google Play listing. These are standard square launcher assets, not adaptive foreground and background layers. ### Does the download include favicons and PWA icons? Yes. The Web pack includes 16, 32 and 48 pixel favicon PNGs, a 180 pixel Apple touch icon, and 192 and 512 pixel PWA icons. It also includes a site.webmanifest file that references the two installable-app sizes. ### What happens when the source image is not square? The generator takes a centered square crop from the longest dimension instead of stretching the artwork. The preview shows that crop before download. If an important subject sits near one side, crop the source manually first for more precise framing. ## Related tools - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Image Dimensions Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-dimensions-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Area Converter - Square Meters, Feet and Acres" description: "Free area converter for square meters, square feet, acres, hectares and other metric or imperial units. See every conversion instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/area-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Area Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert between area units? Enter an area, choose its current unit, and select the unit you need. This area converter updates square meters, square feet, acres, hectares, square kilometers and other common units instantly. It also shows the same measurement in every supported unit, so you can compare systems without repeating the calculation. Every conversion passes through square meters. Metric units use exact powers of ten. Imperial area units come from the international inch, which is exactly 25.4 millimeters, so one square foot is exactly 0.09290304 m² and one acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 m². ## How to use it 1. **Enter the area** - Type a non-negative number. You can use a dot or a comma as the decimal mark. 2. **Choose the source unit** - Select the square unit attached to the value, such as m², ft², acres or hectares. 3. **Choose the target unit** - Pick the unit you need. The main result and all-units reference grid update immediately. 4. **Copy or reverse it** - Copy the selected conversion, or use Swap units to reverse the direction without retyping the area. ## Who it's for - **Property buyers and agents** comparing floor area or land listings given in square feet, square meters, acres or hectares. - **Builders and renovators** checking room, flooring, roofing and paint coverage across metric and imperial plans. - **Farmers and gardeners** converting plots between acres, hectares, ares and square meters. - **Students and engineers** checking area conversions without accidentally using a linear length factor. - **Travelers and remote teams** interpreting property sizes published in another measurement system. ## Expert note Area factors must be squared: because 1 foot equals 0.3048 meters, 1 square foot equals 0.3048², or exactly 0.09290304 square meters. Multiplying an area by the unsquared length factor is a common conversion error. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this area converter free? Yes. You can use the area converter without signing up, downloading software or paying. There is no usage limit, and calculations run locally in your browser. ### Is the area I enter uploaded? No. The number and units stay in your browser. The converter uses fixed factors in client-side JavaScript and does not send your measurement to a server. ### Which area units can I convert? The tool converts square millimeters, square centimeters, square meters, ares, hectares, square kilometers, square inches, square feet, square yards, acres and square miles. ### How many square feet are in one square meter? One square meter equals approximately 10.7639104167 square feet. The factor comes from the exact definition of one foot as 0.3048 meters, then squaring that length relationship for area. ### How many acres are in one hectare? One hectare equals approximately 2.4710538147 acres. A hectare is exactly 10,000 square meters, while an international acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 square meters. ### How many square feet are in an acre? One international acre contains exactly 43,560 square feet. It also equals 4,840 square yards or 1/640 of a square mile. ### Why do area conversions use squared factors? Area measures two dimensions. If each side changes by a length factor, the total area changes by that factor twice. For example, one yard is three feet, so one square yard is 3 x 3, or 9 square feet. ## Related tools - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/) - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/) - [Weight Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/weight-converter/) - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Aspect Ratio Calculator - Resize Proportions" description: "Aspect ratio calculator for images, video and layouts. Reduce width:height, get CSS aspect-ratio, and calculate matching resize dimensions." url: https://candoya.com/tools/aspect-ratio-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Aspect Ratio Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is an aspect ratio calculator? An aspect ratio calculator reduces a width and height to the simplest width:height relationship, such as 1920 x 1080 becoming 16:9. It also calculates the missing resized dimension so images, videos and layout boxes keep the same proportions. Enter any source width and height. The calculator reduces the ratio, shows the decimal width divided by height, labels the orientation, and gives a copyable CSS `aspect-ratio` value. Add either a target width or target height to resize proportionally without stretching. ## How to use it 1. **Enter source dimensions** - Type the original width and height in pixels or any matching unit. 2. **Read the reduced ratio** - The tool simplifies the pair to the smallest width:height ratio and shows the decimal value. 3. **Resize proportionally** - Enter a target width or target height. The missing dimension is calculated from the same ratio. 4. **Copy the CSS** - Use the CSS aspect-ratio value in responsive layouts, cards, embeds or media containers. ## Who it's for - **Designers** checking whether an image is 16:9, 4:3, 3:2, square or portrait before placing it in a layout. - **Developers** copying a clean CSS `aspect-ratio` declaration for cards, embeds and responsive media. - **Video editors** resizing thumbnails and frames while keeping the original proportions. - **Photographers** scaling camera images for web export without distortion. ## Expert note For integer pixel dimensions, the exact reduced ratio comes from the greatest common divisor. Decimal dimensions are still useful for proportional resizing, but camera and video formats usually reduce cleanly from integer pixel sizes. ## Frequently asked questions ### How do you calculate aspect ratio? Divide the width and height by their greatest common divisor. For example, 1920 and 1080 share a divisor of 120, so 1920:1080 reduces to 16:9. ### How do I resize without changing aspect ratio? Use one known target dimension and multiply or divide by the ratio. If you know the target width, height equals target width multiplied by original height divided by original width. ### What is the CSS aspect-ratio value? CSS uses a slash form such as aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;. The calculator shows the reduced pair so you can copy it directly into a rule. ### Can I use units other than pixels? Yes. The ratio is unitless, so width and height can be pixels, inches, millimeters or any matching unit. The resize result uses the same unit you typed. ### Is this aspect ratio calculator private? Yes. All calculations run locally in your browser. No image, video or dimension data is uploaded. ## Related tools - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Perimeter Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/) - [CSS Clamp Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-clamp-calculator/) - [Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ratio-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Joiner - Merge Audio Files Online" description: "Join audio files online into one MP3 or WAV. Reorder and preview clips, merge mixed formats locally, and download without uploads or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-joiner/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Audio Joiner Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an audio joiner? An audio joiner places two or more sound files one after another and exports them as one continuous track. Add up to twelve clips, arrange their order, choose MP3 or WAV, and download the result. Processing happens in your browser, so your recordings are not uploaded or stored. This audio joiner uses a local WebAssembly build of FFmpeg. It decodes each source, converts the sound to a common 44.1 kHz stereo layout, and joins the clips in your chosen order. That normalization lets common MP3, WAV, M4A, OGG, FLAC, AAC, OPUS, and WebM audio files share one output. Joining is sequential: the second clip starts after the first one ends. It does not overlap tracks or mix background music beneath speech. Every source file remains unchanged on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Add audio clips** - Choose or drop between two and twelve common audio files from your device. 2. **Set the order** - Preview clips and use the arrow controls to move each recording earlier or later. 3. **Choose MP3 or WAV** - Use MP3 for a compact sharing file or WAV when you need uncompressed output. 4. **Join and download** - Start the local process, listen to the finished track, then download it to your device. ## Who it's for - **Podcasters** can place an intro, interview sections, and an outro into one listening copy. - **Teams** can combine separate voice notes into a single project update or handoff. - **Musicians** can assemble rehearsal takes or demos in a specific running order. - **Students and teachers** can join recorded presentation sections into one submission. ## Expert note Audio streams can be joined without re-encoding only when their codecs and technical parameters already match. This tool normalizes every input before concatenation, which takes longer but avoids the speed, sample-rate, and channel-layout mismatches that commonly break direct file joins. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my audio files uploaded when I join them? No. Your browser reads each local file and passes it to a WebAssembly audio engine running in this tab. The engine files download on first use, but your recordings and joined output are not sent to CanDoYa, stored in an account, or retained after you close the page. ### Is this audio joiner free? Yes. You can arrange, join, preview, and download audio without an account, payment, or watermark. The practical limits are your browser's memory and processing speed. The device-aware total ranges from 100 MB on mobile or low-memory devices to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### How many audio files can I combine? You can combine between two and twelve clips in one pass. This keeps browser memory use predictable because the source files, local audio engine, and completed output may all occupy memory at the same time. For a longer sequence, join smaller groups and then combine those results. ### Can I merge MP3, WAV, M4A, and other formats together? Yes. Common MP3, WAV, M4A, OGG, FLAC, AAC, OPUS, AIFF, WMA, and WebM audio can be mixed when the local engine supports their codecs. The tool re-encodes every clip to the same sample rate and stereo layout before placing the tracks in sequence. ### What is the difference between joining and mixing audio? Joining places clips one after another, so each starts when the previous one ends. Mixing overlaps two or more tracks and balances their volume, such as speech over background music. This tool joins files sequentially and does not layer or crossfade them. ### Should I choose MP3 or WAV output? Choose MP3 for a much smaller file that is easy to share and plays on nearly every device. Choose WAV for uncompressed audio that is better suited to another editing step, but expect a substantially larger download. Both outputs use a 44.1 kHz stereo layout. ### Will joining audio reduce quality? The output is re-encoded so files with different formats and technical settings can join reliably. MP3 uses a 192 kbps lossy encode, while WAV stores uncompressed 16-bit PCM. Your original clips are never changed, so you can retry with WAV if you want to avoid another lossy compression step. ### Why can joining long recordings take time? Every clip must be decoded, normalized, and encoded again on your device. Total duration, source codec, output format, processor speed, and available memory all affect processing time. Keep the tab open while it runs. A desktop editor is usually better for very long multi-hour projects. ## Related tools - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Normalizer - Set Peak Level Online" description: "Normalize audio online to a precise peak level, preview the result, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, watermark, or software install." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Audio Normalizer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an audio normalizer? An audio normalizer measures the loudest sample in a recording, then applies one constant gain so that peak reaches a chosen target. Use this free audio normalizer to select -1, -3, or -6 dBFS, preview the result, and download a WAV without uploading your source. This tool performs two local passes with WebAssembly FFmpeg. The first measures sample peak across the complete audio stream. The second applies the exact gain difference between that measurement and your target, then exports an uncompressed 16-bit WAV. Peak normalization preserves the balance between quiet and loud moments because every sample receives the same gain. It is different from LUFS loudness normalization, compression, and limiting. One short click or transient can determine the gain for the entire file. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, AAC, or another common audio file into the tool. 2. **Set the target peak** - Use -1 dBFS for modest headroom, or select -3 or -6 dBFS when a later editing step needs more space. 3. **Normalize locally** - Start normalization. The browser measures the complete track, calculates the required gain, and creates a WAV. 4. **Preview and download** - Compare the original with the normalized result, then download the new WAV to your device. ## Who it's for - **Podcasters and interviewers** can raise a quiet recording to a predictable peak before editing or transcription. - **Musicians and sound designers** can prepare demos, samples, and effects with consistent digital headroom. - **Video editors** can set a voice or music clip to a safe peak before adding it to a larger mix. - **Students and teachers** can improve the level of lectures, pronunciation clips, and presentation audio without installing an editor. ## Expert note Peak gain in decibels is target dBFS minus measured peak dBFS. A source peaking at -12 dBFS needs +11 dB of gain to reach -1 dBFS, but a single stray transient can keep the rest of that recording sounding quiet. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. File selection, peak analysis, gain processing, preview, and the output stay in your browser tab. The first run downloads the FFmpeg engine code, but your recording is not sent with that request. Closing or refreshing the tab releases its temporary local file URLs. ### Is this audio normalizer free? Yes. You can normalize and download audio without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits are your browser's available memory and processing speed. Compressed recordings expand during processing, and the uncompressed WAV result may be larger than the source. ### What file size limits apply? The conservative cap adapts to the device: 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory hardware, 250 MB on typical desktops, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. Long compressed files can require several times their stored size while decoded, so smaller files are more reliable in a browser. ### What target peak should I choose? A -1 dBFS target is a useful general starting point because it leaves a small margin below digital full scale. Choose -3 or -6 dBFS when the file will be mixed, encoded, or processed again and you want more headroom. Delivery requirements can differ. ### Is peak normalization the same as LUFS loudness normalization? No. Peak normalization follows the highest sample and applies one constant gain. LUFS estimates perceived loudness over time with frequency weighting and gating. Two tracks with the same sample peak can still sound very different, so use a LUFS workflow when perceived level matching is the goal. ### Can normalization fix clipped or uneven audio? No. Normalization cannot reconstruct peaks already flattened by clipping, and it does not reduce the difference between quiet and loud passages. Repairing clipping needs restoration tools; controlling changing levels needs automation, compression, or limiting before a final normalization pass. ### Which audio formats can I use? The tool accepts common files including MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, AIFF, WebM audio, AC3, and WMA. Browser preview support varies by codec, but the local FFmpeg engine may still read a source that the built-in audio player cannot preview. ### Does normalization change speed, pitch, or dynamics? No. The tool applies the same gain to every sample, so timing, pitch, and the relative level differences within the track remain unchanged. It exports an uncompressed 16-bit WAV to avoid another lossy compression pass, though the source decoder and bit-depth conversion still determine the final precision. ## Related tools - [Audio Volume Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Recorder Online - Record Your Microphone" description: "Record microphone audio online with a live level meter, pause and resume, local playback, and private WebM, MP4, or Ogg download." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-recorder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Audio Recorder Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an online audio recorder? An online audio recorder captures sound from your microphone in a web browser, without installing an app. Start a take, watch the live level, pause when needed, then listen and download the result. The microphone stream and finished recording stay in this tab instead of being uploaded for processing. This recorder asks for microphone access only after you click Start recording. Speech enhancement is useful for voice notes and spoken drafts; switch it off before recording music or ambient sound when you want less browser processing. ## How to use it 1. **Choose audio processing** - Keep Speech enhancement on for spoken audio, or turn it off for music and raw ambient sound. 2. **Start the recording** - Click Start recording, allow microphone access, and check that the live level line moves while you speak or play. 3. **Pause or finish** - Pause and resume without adding the break to recorded time, or click Stop recording when the take is complete. 4. **Listen and download** - Play the result in the browser, then download the WebM, MP4, or Ogg file produced by your browser. ## Who it's for - **Writers and creators** can capture a voice-over draft or spoken idea before it disappears. - **Students** can rehearse a presentation, pronunciation exercise, or short oral response and listen back. - **Remote workers** can make a quick voice memo or test microphone clarity before a call. - **Musicians** can record a melody or instrument sketch with speech processing turned off. ## Expert note MediaRecorder does not promise one universal audio container. This tool checks the formats your browser reports, uses the actual MIME type returned by the recording, and matches the download label and filename to that container instead of renaming the bytes. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my microphone recording uploaded? No. The browser captures audio into memory and creates a local playback address in this tab. This tool does not send your microphone stream or finished recording to a processing server. Download the file before closing or reloading the page because the in-memory copy will disappear. ### Is the online audio recorder free? Yes. You can record, pause, replay, and download without an account, extension, watermark, or payment. There is no artificial duration cap. The practical limit depends on your browser memory, available device storage, recording bitrate, and how long you keep the page open. ### How long can I record audio online? The tool does not set a fixed timer limit, but the browser keeps recording chunks in memory until you stop. Very long sessions can exhaust memory or be interrupted by sleep and background-tab policies. For important work, make shorter takes and download each one promptly. ### What format will the audio recording use? The format depends on MediaRecorder support in your browser. Chrome, Edge, and Firefox commonly create WebM with Opus audio, while Safari may create MP4. Some browsers can produce Ogg. The tool shows the actual container and gives the downloaded file the matching extension. ### What does Speech enhancement change? When enabled, the microphone request asks the browser for echo cancellation, noise suppression, automatic gain control, and a mono channel. Those settings often improve spoken notes. Turn enhancement off for instruments, singing, or ambient sound when automatic processing could alter dynamics or tone. ### Why is my microphone blocked or unavailable? Microphone access requires HTTPS, an available input, and your permission. Check the microphone control in the browser address bar, make sure the correct device is connected, and close calling or recording apps that may be using it. Then return to the page and try again. ### Does the audio recorder work on phones? It can work in current mobile browsers that support getUserMedia and MediaRecorder. Keep the page active while recording and prevent the phone from sleeping. Exact recording formats, microphone processing, and background behavior vary by browser and device, so save important takes as soon as they finish. ## Related tools - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Silence Remover - Cut Pauses Online" description: "Remove silence from audio online with adjustable threshold, pause length, and padding. Preview and download a private WAV without uploading your file." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-silence-remover/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Audio Silence Remover Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an audio silence remover? An audio silence remover detects quiet pauses in a recording and joins the audible sections into a shorter file. Set the noise threshold, minimum pause length, and padding, then preview and download a WAV. Analysis and export happen locally in your browser, so the source is never uploaded. The tool decodes the recording with your browser's audio engine and measures short RMS windows across every channel. A run is removed only when it stays below your chosen threshold for at least the minimum pause time. Padding keeps a little room around each spoken or musical section. Use a lower threshold for clean recordings and a higher threshold when room tone prevents pauses from looking silent. The cleaned file is exported as 16-bit PCM WAV, which avoids another lossy compression pass but is usually larger than MP3 or M4A. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop in an audio file that your browser can decode, or load the built-in sample with two audible phrases. 2. **Tune silence detection** - Adjust the threshold, minimum pause length, and padding while the pause count and estimated duration update. 3. **Remove the pauses** - Create a cleaned WAV from the audible sections. The source remains unchanged. 4. **Preview and download** - Listen to the complete result, adjust the settings if cuts sound too tight, then download the WAV. ## Who it's for - **Podcast and interview editors** can tighten long gaps before detailed editing or transcription. - **Course creators** can shorten screen recordings, lessons, and voiceovers without uploading private material. - **Researchers and journalists** can remove dead air from field recordings while preserving a natural pause around each answer. - **Musicians and sample makers** can cut long quiet gaps between takes before arranging clips in a timeline. ## Expert note Silence detection is relative to your recording: -40 dB works well for many clean voice tracks, but steady fan noise above that level can hide pauses. Raise the threshold gradually and keep 50 to 150 ms of padding to avoid clipped consonants and unnaturally abrupt edits. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. Your browser decodes the selected file, measures its quiet sections, joins the kept samples, and creates the WAV locally. The recording is not sent to CanDoYa or a processing server. Closing or refreshing the tab releases the temporary source and result URLs. ### Is the audio silence remover free? Yes. You can analyze, preview, and download the cleaned audio without an account, subscription, watermark, or credit limit. The practical limits are your browser's available memory and the size of the decoded recording, so shorter files are more reliable on phones. ### What file size limits apply? The conservative input cap is 20 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 60 MB on a typical desktop, and 100 MB on high-memory desktops. Compressed audio expands significantly when decoded, so duration, channel count, and sample rate also affect whether a file fits in browser memory. ### Which audio formats can I use? You can choose common audio files such as MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, OGG, WebM, and FLAC. Actual decoding support comes from your browser and operating system, so a codec that works in one browser may fail in another. WAV and MP3 are the broadest options. ### What silence threshold should I use? Start at -40 dB for a clean voice recording. Lower the threshold toward -50 or -60 dB if breaths or quiet words are being cut. Raise it toward -30 dB when air conditioning, traffic, or microphone noise prevents obvious pauses from being detected. ### Why keep padding around each cut? Padding leaves a short quiet margin before and after audible sections. It helps preserve consonant attacks, breaths, room decay, and musical tails that may dip below the threshold. About 0.05 to 0.15 seconds is a useful starting range for spoken audio. ### Does removing silence change pitch or quality? The tool does not stretch time or shift pitch. It copies the kept decoded samples in order and exports them as 16-bit PCM WAV. The timing changes where quiet gaps are removed, and the final WAV may be larger than a compressed source, but no new lossy encoding is added. ## Related tools - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Speed Changer - Slow Down or Speed Up" description: "Change audio speed online from 0.5x to 2x, preserve pitch, preview the result, and download a private WAV with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Audio Speed Changer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an audio speed changer? An audio speed changer makes a recording, podcast, or song play slower or faster without shifting its pitch. Choose a local audio file, set a speed from 0.5x to 2x, preview the new pace, and download a WAV. Processing stays in your browser, with no upload or account. The preview uses your browser's pitch-corrected playback, so you can test a speed immediately. Export loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you create the result, then applies time stretching and writes a lossless 44.1 kHz stereo WAV. Changing tempo is not the same as changing pitch. A 1.5x setting shortens the duration to two thirds of the original while keeping speech and music near the same perceived key. Browser memory makes this best for short or moderate files; very large or damaged audio may need a desktop editor. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, AAC, or another common audio file into the tool. 2. **Set the speed** - Pick a preset or move the slider from 0.5x to 2x, then use the player to preview the pitch-preserving playback. 3. **Create the result** - Start the local conversion and wait while the browser changes the tempo. 4. **Preview and download** - Listen to the finished WAV, then download it or change the setting and try again. ## Who it's for - **Podcast and lecture listeners** can speed up long recordings before saving a portable copy. - **Musicians and language learners** can slow difficult passages while keeping notes and voices near their original pitch. - **Editors and researchers** can test timing changes for voiceovers, interviews, and rough cuts without uploading source material. - **Creators** can make a faster or slower WAV for a presentation, practice track, or later edit. ## Expert note FFmpeg's atempo filter changes tempo without the direct pitch shift caused by simple resampling. This tool stays within 0.5x to 2x, the filter's core range, and calculates the new duration as original duration divided by the selected speed. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. The source file, preview, conversion, and result remain in your browser tab. The first export downloads the audio engine code, but your recording is not sent with that request. Closing or refreshing the tab releases the temporary local file URLs. ### Is this audio speed changer free? Yes. You can preview, process, and download speed-adjusted audio without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from your device's memory and processing speed, especially when a long compressed file becomes a much larger WAV. ### What audio speed and file limits apply? You can choose any speed from 0.5x to 2x in 0.05 steps. The conservative file cap adapts from 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices to 250 MB on typical desktops and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### Can I change audio speed without changing pitch? Yes. The preview asks the browser to preserve pitch, and the downloaded result uses FFmpeg's atempo time-stretching filter. Voices should not become chipmunk-like at faster speeds or unusually deep at slower speeds, though difficult music can reveal small processing artifacts. ### Which audio formats can I use? The tool accepts common audio files including MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, AIFF, WebM audio, and WMA. Browser preview support varies by codec, but the local FFmpeg engine may still export a WAV when the built-in player cannot preview the source. ### Why does the downloaded WAV use more space? WAV stores uncompressed 16-bit PCM audio, so it is usually much larger than MP3, M4A, or OGG. The benefit is a broadly playable, lossless result that avoids another compressed encoding pass and is convenient for later editing. ## Related tools - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Pitch Shifter](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-shifter/) - [Reverse Audio](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-audio/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio to Text - Private Whisper Transcription" description: "Convert audio to text privately with on-device Whisper AI. Transcribe MP3, WAV, M4A, and more in your browser with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Audio to Text Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can I convert audio to text privately? Add an audio file and this audio to text converter runs the Whisper speech recognition model on your device. It produces an editable transcript with TXT and SRT exports. Your recording is never uploaded, although the browser must download the AI model the first time you use it. This tool turns recorded speech into text without sending the recording to a transcription service. **The Whisper model runs inside a browser worker**, keeping the page responsive while your computer does the inference. WebGPU is used when available; other browsers fall back to a slower CPU mode. The downloaded model is cached by the browser for later visits. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the recording** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, OGG, FLAC, or WebM file onto the tool, or click the upload area to choose one. 2. **Run private transcription** - Click Transcribe audio. On the first run, wait while the multilingual Whisper model downloads, then let it process the recording on your device. 3. **Review and export** - Listen back to uncertain sections, edit any mistakes, then copy the transcript or download it as TXT or timestamped SRT. ## Who it's for - **Interviewers and researchers** creating a private first draft before checking names and quotations against the recording. - **Students** turning recorded lectures or study notes into editable text without uploading classroom audio. - **Podcasters and video creators** producing a rough transcript or timestamped SRT file for captions. - **Teams handling sensitive recordings** keeping source audio on the device instead of sending it to a cloud transcription queue. ## Expert note Whisper analyzes audio in overlapping 30-second windows so words near a window boundary are less likely to be lost. The tiny multilingual model keeps the first download practical for a browser, but it trades some accuracy for speed. Noise, overlapping speakers, uncommon names, and silent stretches can still produce errors or invented text, so important transcripts need human review. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded to a server? No. The browser decodes your selected file and sends the audio samples only to a local worker on the same device. The worker downloads the Whisper model files from Hugging Face, but it does not upload your recording or transcript. CanDoYa does not receive or store the file. ### Is the audio to text converter free? Yes. There is no account, payment, transcription credit, or watermark. Your own device performs the AI inference, so the practical cost is processing time, memory, and the first model download. Your internet provider may still count the model download against a metered data allowance. ### What file size and recording length can I transcribe? The upload control accepts files up to 500 MB. There is no fixed minute quota, but long recordings need more memory and take longer because inference happens on your device. A modern laptop is a better choice than a phone for hour-long meetings or lectures. ### Which audio formats are supported? The tool accepts MP3, WAV, M4A, OGG, FLAC, WebM, and several related formats. Actual decoding support depends on your browser and operating system. If a file is rejected even though its extension is listed, convert it to MP3 or uncompressed WAV and try again. ### Which languages can Whisper transcribe? The selected Whisper tiny model is multilingual and automatically detects many spoken languages. Accuracy varies by language, accent, recording quality, and topic. It does not translate the transcript into another language, identify speakers, or guarantee correct spelling of names and specialized terms. ### Why does the first transcription download a model? Private on-device transcription needs the speech recognition model on your computer. The WebGPU path downloads about 80 MB, while the compatible quantized CPU fallback is about 105 MB. Browsers normally cache those files, so later visits can reuse them unless site data or the cache is cleared. ### Does audio transcription work without WebGPU? Yes. The tool prefers WebGPU because a supported graphics processor can run Whisper much faster. When WebGPU is missing or fails, it retries with WebAssembly on the CPU. That fallback works in more browsers but may be slow for long recordings, especially on phones and older computers. ### How accurate is the transcript? Whisper tiny gives a useful draft from clear speech, but it is not a verbatim guarantee. Background noise, music, crosstalk, weak microphones, uncommon names, and long silent sections reduce accuracy and can cause hallucinated words. Review important quotes, medical details, legal statements, and decisions against the original audio. ## Related tools - [Speech to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Trimmer - Cut Audio Online for Free" description: "Trim audio online with precise start and end times, preview the selected clip, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Audio Trimmer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an audio trimmer? An audio trimmer cuts a chosen section from an MP3, WAV, M4A, OGG, or another common audio file. Set exact start and end times, preview the highlighted clip, then download a WAV. The source and result stay in your browser, so recordings are not uploaded to a server. The waveform gives you a visual map of quiet gaps, speech, and musical peaks. Drag the IN and OUT points for a quick cut, type timestamps to the nearest millisecond for precision, or move the player and use its playhead as either boundary. The first export loads a WebAssembly audio engine, trims only the selected interval, and writes a 44.1 kHz stereo WAV. WAV avoids another lossy compression pass and works well in editors, but it is usually larger than the original MP3 or M4A. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, AAC, or another common audio file into the trimmer. 2. **Set the cut points** - Drag the IN and OUT controls, enter exact timestamps, or set either boundary from the audio playhead. 3. **Preview the selection** - Play only the highlighted interval and adjust the boundaries until the clip starts and ends cleanly. 4. **Trim and download** - Create the clip locally, listen to the result, then download the trimmed WAV. ## Who it's for - **Podcast and interview editors** can isolate a quote, answer, or clean excerpt before transcription. - **Musicians and dancers** can cut a practice loop or rehearsal cue from a longer track. - **Creators** can shorten voiceovers, sound effects, and music beds for a video timeline. - **Students and researchers** can keep only the useful section of a lecture or field recording. ## Expert note Compressed audio uses frames that do not always align with the exact millisecond you choose. This tool decodes and re-encodes the selected interval as PCM WAV, which gives cleaner boundary accuracy than copying compressed MP3 or AAC frames without re-encoding. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. File reading, waveform decoding, trimming, preview, and the result all happen inside your browser tab. The first trim downloads the audio engine code, but your recording is not sent with that request. Refreshing or closing the tab releases the temporary local file URLs. ### Is this audio trimmer free? Yes. You can trim and download audio without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. There is no server queue because processing happens on your device. Your practical limits are the memory and processing speed available to the browser. ### What file size limits apply? The conservative cap adapts to the device: 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory hardware, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on a high-memory desktop. Large compressed files expand during decoding, and the WAV result can use much more memory than the source. ### Which audio formats can I trim? The picker accepts common audio formats including MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, AIFF, MP4 audio, and WebM audio. Preview support depends on the browser and codec. If the duration cannot be read, convert the source to MP3, WAV, M4A, or OGG first. ### Can I trim an MP3 to an exact time? You can enter start and end times to the nearest millisecond. The tool decodes the selected interval and exports it as WAV instead of copying whole MP3 frames, which avoids the larger timing jumps common with lossless stream-copy cuts. Encoders can still add a tiny amount of padding. ### Why does the download use WAV? WAV stores uncompressed PCM audio, so the trimmed file is broadly playable and suitable for further editing without another lossy compression pass. It is usually larger than MP3, M4A, or OGG. You can convert the WAV later when a smaller delivery file matters more. ## Related tools - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Audio Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-joiner/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Waveform Image Generator - Download PNG" description: "Create an audio waveform image from MP3, WAV, M4A, or OGG. Customize colors, style, and size, then download a private high-resolution PNG." url: https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Audio Waveform Image Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an audio waveform image generator? An audio waveform image generator turns the changing amplitude of a recording, song, or podcast into a static graphic. Choose an audio file, set the waveform style, colors, background, and pixel dimensions, then download a high-resolution PNG. The audio is decoded locally in your browser and never uploaded. The preview is built from peak samples across the full recording, so short transients remain visible even when a long track is compressed into a small image. Choose bars for a social-player look, a filled silhouette for bold artwork, or an outline for a lighter overlay. Transparent PNG output works well over video, podcast cover art, and presentation backgrounds. Normalization only scales the drawing against its loudest captured peak; it does not edit, compress, or change the source audio. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an audio file** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, OGG, FLAC, Opus, or another browser-supported audio file into the tool. 2. **Style the waveform** - Pick bars, a filled shape, or an outline, then set the waveform and background colors or use transparency. 3. **Set the image size** - Choose a social, square, video, or banner preset, or enter custom dimensions up to 3000 by 2000 pixels. 4. **Download the PNG** - Check the live preview, then download the exact-size PNG or copy it to the clipboard when your browser supports image copying. ## Who it's for - **Podcasters** can make episode graphics, chapter cards, and audiogram overlays from spoken-word recordings. - **Musicians and labels** can turn a track into release artwork, lyric-video elements, or social banners. - **Editors** can export a transparent waveform layer for a thumbnail, presentation, or video timeline mockup. - **Researchers and educators** can create a quick visual reference for interviews, lessons, and field recordings. ## Expert note The renderer keeps the highest absolute PCM sample in each time bucket across every channel. Peak sampling preserves brief clicks and drum hits better than averaging, while avoiding the phase cancellation that can happen when left and right channels are summed first. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. Your browser reads the complete file into memory, decodes it with the Web Audio API, samples its amplitude, and draws the PNG on a local canvas. Neither the source audio nor the generated image is sent to CanDoYa. Refreshing or closing the tab clears the temporary data. ### Is the audio waveform image generator free? Yes. You can create, customize, copy, and download waveform PNGs without an account, watermark, credit limit, or subscription. Processing uses your own browser, so the practical limits are the supported audio codecs, available device memory, and the 150 MB input cap. ### What audio and image limits apply? Audio files can be up to 150 MB. Custom PNG dimensions range from 320 to 3000 pixels wide and 180 to 2000 pixels high. A long compressed track may need much more memory after decoding, so a desktop browser is more reliable for files near the limit. ### Which audio formats can I use? Current browsers commonly decode MP3, WAV, M4A or AAC, OGG, Opus, FLAC, and WebM audio, but exact codec support varies by browser and operating system. If decoding fails, converting the source to MP3 or WAV usually provides the broadest compatibility. ### Can I make a waveform with a transparent background? Yes. Turn on Transparent background before downloading. The PNG keeps an alpha channel, so you can place the waveform over video, cover art, slides, or a website without removing a solid background in another editor. ### Does normalization change my audio? No. Normalize quiet audio only scales the height of the waveform drawing relative to the loudest sampled peak. It does not modify the file, change playback volume, apply audio compression, or create a new audio track. ### Why can the waveform look different from an audio editor? Waveform displays reduce millions of samples to the available pixels. This tool keeps the largest absolute peak in each time bucket and combines channels by peak, while another editor may show separate stereo lanes, averages, RMS energy, or a different zoom level. ## Related tools - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-joiner/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Auto Caption Generator - Private Video Captions" description: "Generate automatic video captions privately with on-device Whisper AI. Edit timings and download SRT or VTT with no upload, account, or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Auto Caption Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can I generate captions for a video automatically? Add a video and this auto caption generator runs Whisper speech recognition locally on your device without uploading the file. It creates timed, editable caption cues that you can preview and download as SRT or VTT. Your browser must download the AI model on first use. This tool extracts the audio track inside your browser, converts it to the 16 kHz mono signal Whisper expects, and creates caption timings in a background worker. **WebGPU accelerates supported computers**; other browsers use a slower CPU fallback. The editor lets you correct both wording and cue boundaries before export. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, M4V, or MKV file onto the tool, or click the upload area to select one. 2. **Generate timed captions** - Click Generate captions. On the first run, wait while the multilingual Whisper model downloads, then let your device process the audio track. 3. **Review every cue** - Play captions from the editor, correct the wording, and adjust start or end times where the automatic timing feels early or late. 4. **Export the caption file** - Download SRT for broad editor and platform support, or VTT for HTML video and web publishing. ## Who it's for - **Short-form video creators** preparing readable captions for clips before styling or burning them into a final edit. - **Teachers and trainers** making recorded lessons easier to follow and providing a downloadable subtitle track. - **Podcasters and interviewers** turning video conversations into a timed draft without sending unpublished footage to a cloud transcription queue. - **Accessibility reviewers** creating a first pass that can be checked for speech, names, sound cues, timing, and reading speed. ## Expert note Automatic speech recognition creates subtitles, not complete closed captions. Whisper can time spoken words, but it does not reliably add meaningful non-speech information such as [music], [door closes], or speaker names. Add those cues manually when accessibility is the goal, and keep lines short enough to read before each cue disappears. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded to a server? No. The browser reads the selected file and passes decoded audio samples to a worker on the same device. The worker downloads Whisper model files from Hugging Face, but it does not upload your video, audio, or captions. CanDoYa does not receive or store the file. ### Is the auto caption generator free? Yes. There is no account, payment, caption minute quota, watermark, or export lock. Your device performs the transcription, so the practical costs are local processing time, memory use, and the first model download. Your internet provider may count that download on a metered connection. ### What video size and length can I caption? The uploader accepts files up to 500 MB. There is no fixed minute limit, but long videos require more memory and take longer because decoding and AI inference happen locally. For hour-long recordings, use a modern laptop, close memory-heavy tabs, or split the video into smaller sections first. ### Which video formats work? The tool accepts MP4, WebM, MOV, M4V, MKV, AVI, MPEG, and OGV containers. Actual audio decoding depends on the codecs built into your browser and operating system. MP4 with AAC audio and WebM with Opus audio usually have the widest browser support. ### Can I edit the automatic captions? Yes. Each cue has editable text, start time, and end time. Play a cue to jump the preview to its starting point, correct recognition errors, and adjust the boundary. Exports stay disabled if a cue is empty, ends before it starts, or extends beyond the video. ### What is the difference between SRT and VTT? SRT is a widely supported subtitle format used by video editors and publishing platforms. WebVTT uses a similar timed-text structure but is designed for the web and works directly with the HTML video track element. This tool exports both without adding visual styling or burning text into the video. ### Does caption generation work without WebGPU? Yes. The tool tries WebGPU first because a compatible graphics processor can run Whisper faster. If WebGPU is unavailable or fails, it retries with WebAssembly on the CPU. The fallback supports more browsers but can be much slower, especially for long videos on phones or older computers. ### Are automatic captions accurate enough for accessibility? They are a useful draft, not a finished accessibility deliverable. Noise, music, overlapping voices, accents, uncommon names, and technical terms can cause mistakes. Automatic speech recognition also omits many sound descriptions and speaker labels, so review the video and add meaningful non-speech cues before publishing formal closed captions. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Subtitle Burner](https://candoya.com/tools/burn-in-subtitles/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Auto Loan Calculator - Tax, Trade-In & Fees" description: "Auto loan calculator with sales tax, trade-in, payoff, down payment and fees. Estimate your car payment, amount financed and total interest." url: https://candoya.com/tools/auto-loan-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Auto Loan Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate an auto loan payment? An auto loan calculator starts with the vehicle price, adds estimated tax and financed fees, then subtracts your down payment and net trade-in equity. It applies the APR and loan term to that amount financed to estimate your monthly car payment, total interest, total payments and month-by-month balance. This calculator models the deal behind the monthly payment. A trade-in with a remaining payoff contributes only its **net equity**: trade-in value minus what you still owe. You can also choose whether your local rules tax the full vehicle price or reduce the taxable price by the trade-in value. Everything runs locally in your browser, with no account and no figures uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Build the vehicle deal** - Enter the vehicle price, cash down payment, trade-in value, trade-in payoff, estimated sales tax rate and any fees you plan to finance. 2. **Set the loan terms** - Enter the annual percentage rate and choose or type the number of monthly payments. Use the trade-in tax credit only if it matches the rules where the vehicle is registered. 3. **Compare payment and total cost** - Read the live monthly payment, amount financed and total interest. Try a shorter term or larger down payment, then inspect the amortization schedule. ## Who it's for - **Car shoppers** checking a dealer quote against the full price, tax, fees and financing terms. - **Trade-in owners** seeing how positive equity or an outstanding payoff changes the amount financed. - **Borrowers comparing terms** weighing a lower monthly payment against the extra interest from 72 or 84 months. - **Pre-approved buyers** testing a bank or credit union APR before negotiating the out-the-door price. ## Expert note A trade-in payoff is not another discount. Net trade-in equity equals the vehicle's trade-in value minus the old loan payoff, so negative equity increases the new amount financed even though the trade-in itself reduces the purchase balance. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this auto loan calculator free? Yes. You can change every price and loan input without signing up or paying. The calculation runs in your browser and updates immediately, so there is no usage limit imposed by the tool. ### Are my vehicle and loan details uploaded? No. The figures you enter are processed locally in your browser. The calculator does not submit your vehicle price, down payment, trade-in, tax rate, APR or loan term to a server. ### Does the calculator include sales tax and dealer fees? Yes. Enter your estimated sales tax rate and the title, registration, documentation or add-on fees you expect to finance. Tax treatment and which fees apply vary by jurisdiction and deal, so compare the estimate with the written out-the-door price. ### How does a trade-in with a loan affect the car payment? The calculator subtracts the trade-in value and adds the payoff on the old loan. If the vehicle is worth more than its payoff, the positive equity reduces the new loan. If the payoff is higher, the negative equity increases the amount financed. ### Should sales tax be calculated before or after a trade-in? It depends on where the vehicle is registered. Some jurisdictions reduce the taxable price by an eligible trade-in value, while others tax the full purchase price. The calculator uses the full price by default and provides an explicit trade-in tax credit option. ### Why can a longer auto loan cost more even with a lower payment? A longer term spreads the balance across more monthly payments, which usually lowers each payment. Interest also accrues for more months, so total interest can rise. Compare the monthly payment and total interest together instead of choosing on payment alone. ### Is the estimated payment the same as a lender quote? Not necessarily. This is a planning estimate for a fixed-rate installment loan. A lender may use different financed charges, payment dates, rounding, add-ons or tax treatment. Confirm the APR, amount financed, finance charge and total of payments in the written disclosure. ## Related tools - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Home Affordability Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/) - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Background Remover - Private AI Photo Cutout" description: "Remove a photo background with private on-device AI. Export a full-size transparent PNG with no image upload, account, or usage credits." url: https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free AI Background Remover Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does a background remover do? A background remover separates the main subject from its surroundings and turns the removed area transparent. This tool runs a portrait-matting model inside your browser, preserves the original pixel dimensions, and exports a PNG. Your photo stays on your device while the public AI model downloads separately. **The tool uses the Apache-2.0 MODNet portrait-matting model in a browser worker.** It prefers WebGPU with 16-bit model weights and falls back to WebAssembly on the CPU when WebGPU is missing or fails. The first run downloads roughly 13 MB of model weights with WebGPU or 26 MB for the CPU path, plus runtime files. Browser caching can make later runs faster. Removal works best when one person or a clear foreground subject is visually distinct from the background. Fine hair can produce a soft alpha edge, while glass, motion blur, deep shadows, groups, products, and similar foreground/background colours are harder. Preview the cutout on light and dark surfaces before downloading the transparent PNG. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a suitable image** - Drop in a JPEG, PNG, or WebP up to 25 MB and 24 megapixels. Portraits and photos with one clear foreground subject give the model the strongest signal. 2. **Run the local AI model** - Click Remove background. Wait for the first model download and on-device processing; WebGPU is used when available, with an automatic CPU fallback. 3. **Inspect and download** - View the result over transparency, white, and dark backgrounds. Check difficult edges, then download the full-dimension transparent PNG. ## Who it's for - **Profile and ID-style photos** that need a clean transparent cutout for a new layout or colour. - **Presentations and thumbnails** where a person needs to sit over text, shapes, or another image. - **Marketplace drafts** that need a quick subject isolation check before final product-photo editing. - **Private or unpublished images** that you do not want to submit to a background-removal API. ## Expert note Background removal is an alpha-matting problem, not a simple colour deletion. Each output pixel gets an opacity value from 0 to 255, so hair and soft edges can remain partly transparent instead of becoming a hard staircase. MODNet was designed for portrait matting, which is why human subjects are more reliable than arbitrary objects. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. The selected image is decoded and processed in a worker inside your browser. The worker downloads the Transformers.js runtime and public MODNet files from external hosts, but your image is not included in those requests. CanDoYa does not receive or store the source or result. ### Is this background remover free? Yes. There is no account, payment, credit system, watermark, or resolution-based export fee. Your device supplies the processing power. The initial public model download still uses your internet connection, which matters on a metered plan. ### What image limits apply? The tool accepts one JPEG, PNG, or WebP image up to 25 MB and 24 megapixels. Those limits reduce browser crashes on memory-constrained phones and laptops. The downloaded PNG keeps the source width and height, although its file size can differ because PNG uses lossless compression. ### Does it work without WebGPU? Yes, on browsers that support WebAssembly and module workers. The worker tests WebGPU first for faster inference. If no usable adapter is available or WebGPU processing fails, it retries with the CPU/WASM backend. That fallback is private too, but can be noticeably slower. ### How accurate is the AI background removal? MODNet is strongest on portraits and clear single subjects. It can preserve soft hair better than hard colour selection, but no automatic matte is perfect. Busy backgrounds, transparent objects, groups, motion blur, shadows, and matching foreground colours can produce missing or retained areas. ### Why does the first run download a model? The neural network has to be available on your device before it can infer an alpha matte. WebGPU uses about 13 MB of FP16 weights; the compatible CPU path uses about 26 MB of FP32 weights, plus AI runtime files. Browsers often cache them, but private mode or storage cleanup can require another download. ### Why is the result a PNG? PNG supports an alpha channel, which stores transparent and partly transparent pixels. Standard JPEG cannot preserve transparency and would fill the removed area with a solid colour. The PNG output also avoids another lossy compression pass on the visible subject. ### Can I use the result offline? After the required runtime and model files are cached, a later run may work without another download, depending on the browser and its storage policy. Do not rely on permanent offline availability: browsers can evict cached model data, and private browsing usually discards it. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Base64 Encode & Decode - Online Converter" description: "Free online Base64 encoder and decoder. Convert text to Base64 and back instantly, with full Unicode and URL-safe support. No upload, runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Base64 Encode and Decode Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is Base64 encoding? Base64 is a way of representing any data as plain text using 64 safe characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, + and /). This tool encodes text to Base64 and decodes Base64 back to readable text in your browser. It handles full Unicode through UTF-8, so accents, emoji and other languages survive the round trip intact. Encoding runs as you type and stays on your device - your text is never uploaded, which makes it safe for tokens, config snippets and private notes. Switch on **URL-safe** output to get the `-` and `_` alphabet used in JWTs and query strings, and decoding auto-detects either alphabet plus any missing padding. ## How to use it 1. **Pick a direction** - Choose Encode to turn text into Base64, or Decode to turn Base64 back into text. 2. **Paste your input** - Type or paste into the input box - the result updates live in the panel beside it. 3. **Choose URL-safe (optional)** - Tick URL-safe when encoding for a URL, filename or JWT; decoding handles both alphabets automatically. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the output and paste it wherever you need it. Invalid Base64 shows a clear message instead of garbled text. ## Who it's for - **Developers** embedding small assets or credentials as Base64 in JSON, YAML or environment files. - **API and webhook work** - decoding a Base64 field from a payload to read what it actually contains. - **Anyone inspecting a JWT** who needs to decode a Base64URL segment by hand. - **Email and data formats** that store attachments or binary blobs as Base64 text. ## Expert note Most quick Base64 snippets use the browser's btoa(), which throws on any character outside Latin-1 - so an emoji or a Cyrillic letter breaks them. This tool encodes through UTF-8 bytes first, so "café" and "🌍" encode and decode correctly, exactly as a server-side library would. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Base64 tool free? Yes - it's completely free, with no sign-up and no usage limits. Encoding and decoding both run in your browser. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. Your text and Base64 are processed locally in your browser and never sent to a server, so it's safe for tokens, keys and private content. ### Is Base64 encryption? No. Base64 is encoding, not encryption - it only reformats data into text and anyone can decode it. Use it to safely transport data, never to protect a secret. ### Does it handle emoji and non-English text? Yes. Input is converted to UTF-8 bytes before encoding, so accents, emoji and non-Latin scripts encode and decode correctly instead of throwing an error or corrupting the characters. ### What is URL-safe Base64? URL-safe Base64 swaps the + and / characters for - and _ and usually drops the = padding, so the result is safe inside URLs, filenames and JWTs. Turn on the URL-safe option when encoding; decoding accepts it automatically. ### Why does my decoded output look like random characters? Base64 can hold any bytes, including binary data like an image or a compressed file. If you decode that as text you'll see gibberish - the data is fine, it just isn't text. This tool is for text payloads. ### Do I need the = padding to decode? No. The decoder restores missing padding for you and ignores stray spaces and line breaks, so you can paste a Base64 string with or without its trailing = signs. ## Related tools - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JWT Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-decoder/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Big Number Calculator - Exact Precision Math" description: "Free big number calculator for exact arbitrary-precision math. Add, multiply, divide and raise huge numbers to powers with no rounding, right in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Big Number Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a big number calculator? A big number calculator performs exact arithmetic on numbers far larger than an ordinary calculator can handle - hundreds or thousands of digits - with no rounding or overflow. It adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides and raises numbers to powers using arbitrary-precision math, so answers like 2^256 or 100! stay perfectly accurate. Regular calculators and spreadsheets store numbers as 64-bit floating point, so they silently lose precision once a value passes about 15-16 digits. This big number calculator instead works with exact whole numbers and fractions of unlimited size, so every digit of the answer is correct. Nothing is uploaded - the whole calculation runs on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Type an expression** - Enter numbers and operators, for example 987654321 * 123456789 or 2^128. 2. **Read the exact result** - The full answer appears instantly, with a digit count and scientific-notation summary for very large integers. 3. **Copy or adjust** - Copy the number with one click, toggle digit grouping, or tweak the expression to recalculate live. ## Who it's for - **Developers and cryptographers** checking hashes, key sizes, or powers of two like 2^256 that overflow normal number types. - **Students and teachers** exploring factorials, permutations, and huge powers where every digit needs to be exact. - **Anyone curious** who wants to multiply, divide, or exponentiate very large numbers without a spreadsheet rounding the result. ## Expert note JavaScript and most calculators lose accuracy above 2^53 (9,007,199,254,740,992): try 9007199254740993 + 1 in a normal calculator and it returns the wrong value. This tool uses arbitrary-precision BigInt arithmetic, so that sum is exactly 9007199254740994. ## Frequently asked questions ### How large a number can it calculate? Practically unlimited. Whole numbers of hundreds or thousands of digits are handled instantly. Very explosive operations like huge exponents or factorials are capped only so your browser stays responsive. ### Does it keep exact precision? Yes. Every operation uses arbitrary-precision integer and fraction arithmetic, so there is no rounding or floating-point error. Division stays exact as a fraction, and a decimal expansion is shown alongside it. ### Can it show results in scientific notation? Yes. For large integers the calculator shows a compact scientific-notation form (such as 1.157920892e+77) next to the full number, so you can read the magnitude at a glance. ### Can it calculate factorials? Yes. Add a ! after a whole number, for example 100!, and the calculator returns the exact factorial. It also supports powers with ^, modulo with %, and parentheses. ### Is it free and private? Yes - it is 100% free with no sign-up, and every calculation runs locally in your browser. Nothing you type is ever sent to a server. ## Related tools - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Binaural Beats Generator - Free Online Audio" description: "Free binaural beats generator with carrier, beat, volume, preset, timer, and stereo WAV controls. Listen privately in your browser with headphones." url: https://candoya.com/tools/binaural-beats-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Binaural Beats Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a binaural beats generator? A binaural beats generator sends one sine tone to your left ear and a slightly different tone to your right. Your auditory system may perceive a gentle pulse equal to the frequency difference. Choose a carrier and beat, put on stereo headphones, and start at low volume. The generator uses two Web Audio oscillators and routes each one to its own stereo channel. It centers the pair around your chosen carrier, so a 200 Hz carrier with a 10 Hz beat plays 195 Hz on the left and 205 Hz on the right. Playback and stereo WAV creation happen locally after you press a control. **This is an audio experiment, not a treatment.** Research into relaxation, sleep, attention, and brainwave entrainment has mixed results. Band names describe commonly used frequency ranges, not guaranteed effects. Use comfortable headphones at a low level and stop if the sound feels unpleasant. ## How to use it 1. **Put on stereo headphones** - Keep your device volume low. Headphones preserve one frequency in each ear, which is required for the binaural effect. 2. **Choose a beat** - Select a named range preset or enter an exact beat from 0.5 to 40 Hz. 3. **Adjust the carrier** - Set the audible center pitch from 80 to 1,000 Hz and review the calculated left and right frequencies. 4. **Play or export** - Press Play binaural beat, optionally choose a sleep timer, or download a 5, 15, or 30 second stereo WAV. ## Who it's for - **Listeners** can compare delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma beat ranges without searching through prerecorded tracks. - **Audio students** can hear how changing the difference between two channel-isolated tones changes the perceived pulse. - **Producers** can export a short 48 kHz stereo WAV as a starting layer for a private audio project. - **Researchers and educators** can set exact carrier and beat values for simple listening demonstrations. ## Expert note The tool splits the beat evenly around the carrier instead of adding the full difference to one ear. A 10 Hz beat at a 200 Hz carrier therefore uses 195 Hz and 205 Hz, preserving the selected center pitch while maintaining an exact 10 Hz channel difference. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this binaural beats generator free? Yes. You can use every frequency preset, enter custom carrier and beat values, set a timer, and save short stereo WAV files without an account or payment. There is no usage counter. The browser creates the audio locally when you press Play or Download WAV. ### Does the generator upload or record my audio? No. The generator does not request microphone access, upload a recording, or send your frequency settings away for processing. Its two tones and downloadable stereo WAV are created on your device. Normal page resources or analytics may still make network requests, so this claim applies to audio processing. ### What limits does the binaural beat generator have? The carrier range is 80 to 1,000 Hz and the beat range is 0.5 to 40 Hz. WAV exports are limited to 5, 15, or 30 seconds to keep creation quick and memory use modest. Live sessions can continue until you stop them, close the page, hide the tab, or reach the timer. ### Do I need headphones for binaural beats? Use stereo headphones for the intended binaural effect. Each ear must receive its own tone with minimal mixing. Speakers send both tones to both ears and create ordinary acoustic interference in the room, so they do not provide the same channel-isolated listening condition. ### What carrier and beat frequencies should I choose? A 200 Hz carrier and 10 Hz alpha-range difference are a comfortable starting experiment for many listeners. The carrier controls the audible pitch; the beat controls the frequency gap. Lower your volume before changing either value, and treat delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma labels as descriptive ranges rather than promised outcomes. ### Can binaural beats improve sleep, focus, or anxiety? Studies have reported varied results, and a generator cannot promise a medical, cognitive, or sleep benefit. Some people enjoy the sound or the listening routine, while others notice little. Do not replace professional advice or treatment with binaural audio, and stop listening if you feel discomfort. ### How is the stereo WAV generated? The browser calculates the left and right sine samples at 48 kHz, applies short fades to reduce clicks, interleaves both channels as 16-bit PCM, and wraps them in a WAV file. The file preserves channel separation, so listen in stereo headphones to evaluate the intended beat. ## Related tools - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/) - [White Noise Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/white-noise-generator/) - [Frequency Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-generator/) - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/) - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Bingo Card Generator - Free Printable Cards" description: "Make free printable bingo cards in your browser. Use your own words or classic 1-75 numbers, pick a grid size, generate as many cards as you need, and print." url: https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Bingo Card Generator Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What is a bingo card generator? A bingo card generator makes ready-to-print bingo cards from your own words and phrases or from the classic 1-75 number layout. This free tool builds as many randomly shuffled cards as you need, adds an optional free centre square, and prints them straight from your browser, with nothing uploaded to a server. Everything runs in your browser. Type or paste your own list, choose a 3x3, 4x4 or 5x5 grid, and each card is shuffled locally so no two are laid out the same. Switch to numbers mode for a standard 75-ball card with B, I, N, G and O columns. There is no sign-up and nothing you type ever leaves your device, so it works offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a card type** - Pick 'Words & phrases' to use your own list, or 'Numbers (1-75)' for a classic bingo card. 2. **Add your content and settings** - For words, paste your list and choose a grid size; toggle the free centre square and set how many cards you want. 3. **Generate the cards** - Press Generate to shuffle a fresh, randomised batch. Press Regenerate any time for a new layout. 4. **Print or hand them out** - Click Print for a clean, card-only printout, one card per page break, ready to play. ## Who it's for - **Teachers** turning this week's vocabulary or sight words into a classroom bingo game with one card per student. - **Party and event hosts** making 'human bingo' or holiday cards from their own prompts for icebreakers and gatherings. - **Meeting organisers** building a light-hearted buzzword or 'meeting bingo' card to hand round before a call. - **Families and clubs** running a quick number bingo night without buying pre-printed cards. - **Trainers and community groups** creating themed cards for onboarding, book clubs, or fundraisers in minutes. ## Expert note A 5x5 card with a free centre needs 24 distinct squares, so give your word list some slack: with exactly 24 words every card holds the same set and only the arrangement changes, which makes it easy for players to call a false 'bingo'. Add a dozen or more spare words and each card draws a different subset, so lines are genuinely harder to complete and the game lasts longer. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the bingo card generator free? Yes, it is completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Every card is generated in your browser, so you can make and print as many as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### Can I make bingo cards with my own words? Yes. Choose 'Words & phrases', then type or paste your list one item per line or separated by commas. Each card is shuffled from your list, so a class or party can each get a different card from the same words. ### How many words do I need for a bingo card? A 3x3 card needs up to 9 squares, a 4x4 needs 16, and a 5x5 needs 25 (or 24 with a free centre square). Add several extra words beyond the minimum so each card draws a different mix and the game stays challenging. ### What is the free space in the middle? The centre square on odd-sized cards (3x3 or 5x5) is a free space that counts as already marked, following traditional bingo. You can turn it off with the 'Free centre space' toggle; it is not available on even grids like 4x4. ### How does 1-75 number bingo work? A classic 75-ball card is a 5x5 grid with columns headed B, I, N, G and O. B holds numbers 1-15, I holds 16-30, N holds 31-45, G holds 46-60, and O holds 61-75, with a free space in the middle. Select 'Numbers (1-75)' to generate these cards. ### Can I print the bingo cards? Yes. Click Print and the tool opens a clean, card-only view and sends it to your printer, with each card kept on its own page break. You can print one card or a whole batch at once. ### Are my words uploaded anywhere? No. Everything is processed locally in your browser and nothing you type is sent to a server, so your custom lists and cards stay private on your device. ## Related tools - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Bitrate Changer - Set an Exact Target" description: "Change video bitrate online to a specific target, preserve dimensions and duration, verify the result, and download a private local MP4." url: https://candoya.com/tools/bitrate-changer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video Bitrate Changer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a video bitrate changer? A video bitrate changer re-encodes a clip at a chosen average data rate, measured in kilobits per second. Use it when a platform or workflow specifies a bitrate rather than a quality preset. This tool keeps the source dimensions and duration, then reports the measured output bitrate without uploading your video. This tool loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you export. It creates an H.264 MP4, preserves the source frame size, keeps or removes audio, and strips source metadata. The finished file is probed locally so you can compare its reported video bitrate and duration with your target. Bitrate is a rate-control target, not a promise that every second uses identical data. Detailed motion and grain need more bits than flat or static scenes. A short or visually simple clip can finish below the requested average even when the encoder follows the selected rate controls. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the workspace. 2. **Set the target bitrate** - Pick a preset or enter a custom video bitrate from 100 to 50,000 kbps. Decide whether to keep audio. 3. **Export locally** - Start the export and keep this tab open while the browser re-encodes the video as H.264 MP4. 4. **Verify and download** - Review the measured output bitrate and duration, preview the result, then download the new file. ## Who it's for - **Video publishers** can meet a hosting platform's recommended bitrate while keeping the original pixel dimensions. - **Developers and QA teams** can create test assets at known data-rate targets for playback and bandwidth checks. - **Remote teams** can lower a screen recording's bitrate before sharing it without also changing its resolution. - **Editors** can compare how the same source looks at several bitrate targets before choosing a delivery setting. ## Expert note Bitrate and resolution answer different questions. A 1080p clip can be encoded at 1 Mbps or 10 Mbps while keeping the same 1920 x 1080 frame size. Lowering bitrate usually reduces file size but can add blocking, banding, or lost texture, especially in motion-heavy footage. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I change its bitrate? No. The source is read from a local browser file object and processed in this tab by a WebAssembly video engine. The engine files download on first use, but your video and the finished MP4 are not uploaded to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is the video bitrate changer free? Yes. You can set a target, preview the result, and download the MP4 without an account, watermark, or usage credit. Practical limits come from your browser's memory and processor. The tool uses a conservative file limit from 100 MB on lower-memory devices to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### What are the browser limits for changing video bitrate? Browser encoding holds the source, video engine, and result in memory. Long 4K clips can be slow or exceed available memory, especially on phones. Use short or moderate files here. For very large projects, multi-hour footage, or strict broadcast delivery, use a desktop encoder instead. ### Will the output match my target bitrate exactly? Not always. The number is an average video-bitrate target, and the encoder can finish above or below it depending on duration, motion, texture, and how compressible the frames are. The result panel reports the measured stream bitrate and its percentage difference rather than claiming an exact match. ### Does changing bitrate alter video resolution or duration? The tool keeps the source dimensions and timeline. Odd frame dimensions may be reduced by one pixel so H.264 can encode a compatible yuv420p picture. After export, the tool probes the output duration and rejects a result if it differs from the source beyond a small timing tolerance. ### What video bitrate should I choose? Start near the source bitrate when you want similar data use, or choose a lower target for a smaller file. Motion-heavy 1080p footage usually needs more bitrate than a static screen recording. Preview fine text, faces, gradients, and fast movement before deleting or replacing the original. ### Is changing bitrate the same as compressing a video? Changing bitrate does compress the video, but the control is different. This page targets a specific average data rate and keeps the source dimensions. The Video Compressor uses simpler quality and resolution presets when your goal is a generally smaller file rather than a required bitrate. ## Related tools - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) - [FPS Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/fps-changer/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "BMI Calculator - Body Mass Index" description: "Free BMI calculator. Enter your height and weight in metric or imperial units to get your Body Mass Index and WHO weight category instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/bmi-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # BMI Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a BMI calculator? A BMI calculator works out your Body Mass Index from your height and weight using the formula BMI = kg / m squared. Enter your measurements in metric or imperial units and it returns your BMI number plus the WHO weight category - underweight, normal, overweight or obese - along with the healthy weight range for your height. This calculator accepts centimetres and kilograms or feet, inches and pounds, converts everything to metric internally, and updates the moment you type. It marks your BMI on a colour-coded category scale and shows the weight range that would put you in the healthy band for your height. Nothing is uploaded - the maths runs entirely in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Pick your units** - Choose Metric for centimetres and kilograms, or Imperial for feet, inches and pounds. 2. **Enter height and weight** - Type your height and weight. The result updates instantly - there is no button to press. 3. **Read your BMI and category** - See your BMI number, its WHO category on the colour scale, and the healthy weight range for your height. Copy the result if you need it. ## Who it's for - **Anyone tracking their weight** checking where they sit on the standard BMI scale before setting a goal. - **People starting a fitness or diet plan** finding the healthy weight range for their height. - **Nurses and health teachers** demonstrating how the BMI formula and WHO categories work. - **Travellers and readers of foreign health sites** converting between metric and imperial units in one step. ## Expert note BMI uses the same weight for a very muscular athlete and a sedentary person of identical build, so a lean, heavily-trained body can read as overweight or obese while carrying little fat. It is a fast population-level screen, not a measure of body composition or individual health. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the BMI calculator free? Yes. It is completely free, needs no sign-up, and runs in your browser. Your height and weight are never uploaded or stored. ### What is the BMI formula? BMI equals your weight in kilograms divided by the square of your height in metres (kg / m squared). For imperial units the tool converts pounds to kilograms and feet and inches to metres first, then applies the same formula. ### What are the BMI categories? The World Health Organization uses these adult ranges: below 18.5 is underweight, 18.5 to 24.9 is normal or healthy weight, 25 to 29.9 is overweight, and 30 or above is obese. The exact boundary value always falls into the higher band. ### Is BMI accurate for everyone? No. BMI is a screening tool, not a diagnosis. It cannot tell muscle from fat, so athletes may read as overweight and some older adults with low muscle may read as normal despite excess fat. Use it as a starting point and talk to a clinician about your individual health. ### Can I use it for children? This calculator uses the adult WHO categories. Children and teenagers are assessed with age- and sex-specific BMI-for-age percentiles instead, so use a dedicated child BMI chart for anyone under 20. ### What is a healthy BMI weight range? For any height, the healthy range is the weight that gives a BMI between 18.5 and 25. The calculator computes it for you from your height, so you can see how much weight change would move you into or out of the normal band. ## Related tools - [Calories Burned by Activity Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/calories-burned-by-activity/) - [BMR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmr-calculator/) - [TDEE Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tdee-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "BMR Calculator - Basal Metabolic Rate" description: "Free BMR calculator using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. Estimate resting calories from age, sex, height and weight in metric or US units." url: https://candoya.com/tools/bmr-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # BMR Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a BMR calculator? A BMR calculator estimates how many calories your body uses each day at rest to support breathing, circulation, temperature control and other basic functions. This calculator applies the Mifflin-St Jeor equation to your age, height, weight and sex, then shows the result in calories and kilojoules per day. Choose metric or imperial units and the estimate updates as you type. The calculation happens locally in your browser, with no account or upload. The result is your resting baseline, not your full daily calorie need. Activity, digestion and exercise belong in a separate TDEE calculation. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your units** - Select metric for centimetres and kilograms, or imperial for feet, inches and pounds. 2. **Enter your details** - Choose the sex constant used by the equation, then enter your adult age, height and weight. 3. **Read the live estimate** - See your BMR in calories per day, calories per hour and kilojoules per day, plus the exact formula working. 4. **Copy the estimate** - Copy the result and formula if you want to save or compare it. Treat it as an estimate, not a prescribed intake. ## Who it's for - **People planning meals** who want a resting calorie baseline before considering activity. - **Fitness beginners** comparing BMR with total daily energy expenditure instead of treating them as the same number. - **Coaches and students** checking the Mifflin-St Jeor working with a clear, reproducible formula. - **Metric and US unit users** who want the same calculation without converting height and weight first. ## Expert note Online BMR calculators usually estimate resting energy expenditure rather than measure a strict laboratory BMR. The Mifflin-St Jeor equation was derived from adults aged 19 to 78, so an estimate can differ from indirect calorimetry and should not be treated as a personal diagnosis. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this BMR calculator free and private? Yes. The calculator is free, needs no account and performs the formula entirely in your browser. Your age, height and weight are not uploaded for the calculation. You can clear the fields at any time and there is no calculation limit. ### What is the Mifflin-St Jeor BMR formula? For males, the equation is 10 times weight in kilograms plus 6.25 times height in centimetres minus 5 times age, plus 5. For females, the final constant is minus 161 instead. The calculator converts imperial measurements to metric before applying the same equation. ### How accurate is a BMR calculator? A BMR formula gives a population-based estimate, not a direct measurement. The Mifflin-St Jeor equation is widely used for adults, but muscle mass, health conditions, medications and individual biology can shift actual resting energy use. Indirect calorimetry in a clinical setting provides a measured value. ### Is BMR the same as TDEE? No. BMR estimates energy used at rest for essential body functions. TDEE estimates your full daily energy expenditure by accounting for activity and other energy use. Your TDEE should normally be higher than your BMR, so do not use the resting number as a maintenance calorie target. ### Can I use the BMR calculator to lose weight? Use BMR as one input, not as a weight-loss target. A practical calorie plan starts with estimated total daily energy expenditure, then considers a moderate deficit and your health needs. A registered dietitian or clinician can help if you have medical conditions or a history of disordered eating. ### Can children use the BMR calculator? This version is intended for adults aged 18 and older. Children and teenagers have changing energy needs and are better assessed with age-specific pediatric methods. Ask a pediatric clinician or dietitian for guidance instead of relying on an adult Mifflin-St Jeor estimate. ## Related tools - [BMI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmi-calculator/) - [Calories Burned by Activity Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/calories-burned-by-activity/) - [TDEE Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tdee-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF Booklet Maker - Print and Fold Correctly" description: "Make a print-ready PDF booklet with correct two-up page order. Add blanks automatically, preview each side, and process the file privately." url: https://candoya.com/tools/booklet-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free PDF Booklet Maker Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## What does a PDF booklet maker do? A PDF booklet maker rearranges normal reading pages into two-up printer spreads. After you print both sides, flip on the short edge, fold the sheets, and staple the center, the pages read in order. This tool also adds the blank pages required to complete each four-page sheet. Create a **single-signature saddle-stitch booklet** from any normal, one-page-at-a-time PDF. Choose A4 or US Letter output and left- or right-side binding. Each source page is scaled proportionally into half a landscape sheet, centered, and never cropped. The tool reads and rewrites the PDF on your device. It makes a separate download, leaves your original unchanged, and never sends the document to CanDoYa. The first-sheet preview shows both printed sides before you create the file. ## How to use it 1. **Add the source PDF** - Drop one unencrypted PDF onto the tool or choose the example. The file should contain pages in normal reading order. 2. **Check the booklet plan** - Choose A4 or US Letter and the binding edge. Review the front and back of the first physical sheet, plus any blanks added to complete the booklet. 3. **Create and print** - Download the imposed PDF, print it double-sided at actual size with short-edge flipping, then fold the stack and staple along the center. ## Who it's for - **Community groups** printing event programs, neighborhood guides, and small newsletters on an office printer. - **Teachers and trainers** turning lesson notes or workshop handouts into compact folded takeaways. - **Writers and zine makers** preparing a draft for a simple center-stapled mockup before a full print run. - **Right-to-left readers** reversing each spread for a booklet that binds on the right edge. ## Expert note For an eight-page left-bound booklet, the first sheet prints pages 8 and 1 on the front, then 2 and 7 on the back. That surprising order is correct: folding nests the outer pages around the inner ones. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your browser opens the source, calculates the imposed page order, and creates the new PDF locally. CanDoYa does not receive the document. Once the page code has loaded, processing the file itself does not require an upload connection. ### Is this PDF booklet maker free? Yes. You can create and download a booklet PDF without an account, payment, watermark, or daily credit. The work uses your device, so a long or graphics-heavy document may take more time on a phone than on a desktop computer. ### What are the PDF size and page limits? You can open one unencrypted PDF up to 100 MB and 500 pages. The limit protects browser memory. A very thick single folded signature is hard to bind neatly, so consider splitting a long document into smaller signatures even when it is under the technical limit. ### Why are blank pages added to my booklet? Every folded sheet contributes four reading pages: two on the front and two on the back. If the source page count is not divisible by four, the tool adds one to three blank pages at the end. The preview and result summary state the exact count. ### Which printer settings should I use? Print the generated PDF double-sided at actual size or 100 percent scale, and choose flip on short edge for the landscape sheets. Do not enable another booklet or multiple-pages-per-sheet option in the print dialog because the PDF has already been imposed. ### Does the booklet maker crop or lower PDF quality? No deliberate rasterization is applied. Source pages are embedded into a new PDF and scaled proportionally to fit half a sheet, so text and vector artwork stay sharp in compatible viewers. A source page may print smaller, but none of its edges are cropped. ### Can I make a right-bound booklet? Yes. Choose right binding to swap the left and right page positions on every printer spread. Use it for a booklet that opens from the right edge. The source PDF should still contain pages in its intended reading order before you add it. ## Related tools - [N-up PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/n-up-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Boomerang Video Maker - Free Online Tool" description: "Make a boomerang video online from any short clip. Trim, set speed, add forward-reverse cycles, and export a private, watermark-free MP4." url: https://candoya.com/tools/boomerang-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Boomerang Video Maker Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a boomerang video maker? A boomerang video maker turns a short clip into a back-and-forth loop by playing the action forward and then in reverse. Trim the best moment, choose its speed and cycle count, then export an MP4. Processing happens in your browser, with no upload, account, or watermark. This editor uses a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg to trim the chosen moment, decode it, reverse the frames, and join both directions into one H.264 MP4. You can place one, two, or three complete forward-reverse cycles in the downloaded file. Silent output is the default because speech and music often sound distracting backward. If the source has audio, the optional ping-pong mode keeps its timing aligned by reversing the second half along with the picture. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a short video** - Drop an MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, or another common video file into the maker. 2. **Trim the action** - Set start and end times for a segment between 0.25 and 8 seconds, then preview that selection. 3. **Choose the loop** - Adjust playback speed, select one to three cycles, and decide whether to mute or reverse the audio. 4. **Create and download** - Run the local video engine, preview the repeating result, and save the MP4 to your device. ## Who it's for - **Social creators** can turn a quick gesture, reveal, jump, or camera move into a repeating clip for Stories and short-form posts. - **Product teams** can make a control, prototype, or packaging motion repeat without a visible jump back to the first frame. - **Artists and dancers** can emphasize a short movement by returning it naturally to its starting pose. - **Event teams** can build playful, watermark-free loops from booth and behind-the-scenes footage. ## Expert note The cleanest boomerangs come from motion with a natural turnaround, such as a jump reaching its peak or an object changing direction. The forward and reverse halves share the same endpoint, so a static pose there can look like a pause; trim closer to the moving frames for a snappier bounce. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I make a boomerang? No. The selected video stays in a local browser file object and is processed in this tab. The FFmpeg engine files download from a public CDN on first use, but your source and finished MP4 are not sent with that request or stored in a CanDoYa account. ### Is this boomerang video maker free and watermark-free? Yes. You can trim, process, preview, and download a boomerang MP4 without signing up, paying for credits, or adding a CanDoYa watermark. Practical limits come from browser memory and processing speed, especially on phones and lower-memory devices. ### How long can the source clip be? The selected segment can be from 0.25 to 8 seconds, even if the source video is longer. A boomerang doubles that segment because it includes both directions, then multiplies it by the chosen cycle count. Short clips process faster and usually create the strongest visual rhythm. ### How do I turn an existing video into a boomerang? Choose the saved video, enter the start and end times for the action you want, and preview the selection. Pick a speed and cycle count, then create the MP4. The tool automatically appends the reversed frames, so you do not need to duplicate or edit tracks manually. ### Does a boomerang video include sound? It can. Silent output is selected by default because reversed voices and music can sound awkward. Choose Forward + reverse audio to keep the source audio on the forward half and play it backward on the return. If the source has no audio track, the result stays silent. ### What is the difference between a boomerang and a normal video loop? A normal loop repeats the complete clip from its last frame back to its first, which can create a visible jump. A boomerang follows the forward clip with the same motion in reverse, so the picture returns to its starting position before the next play begins. ### Which video formats can I use? The picker accepts common files such as MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, MPEG, and MTS. The browser preview supports fewer codec combinations than FFmpeg, so an uncommon source may show no preview but still export. Every successful result downloads as an H.264 MP4. ### Why does browser boomerang processing take time? FFmpeg must decode and hold the selected frames so it can emit them in reverse, then encode a new MP4. Higher resolution, longer selections, more cycles, and high quality increase the work. Keep the tab open and use a short segment for quicker results. ## Related tools - [Reverse Video](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-video/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Loop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/loop-video/) - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "BPM Detector - Find a Song's Tempo Online" description: "Use this free BPM detector to find a song or sample's tempo online. Get confidence and half-time options without uploading your audio." url: https://candoya.com/tools/bpm-detector/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free BPM Detector Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a BPM detector? A BPM detector estimates the tempo of a song, loop, or recording in beats per minute. Choose an audio file and the tool compares repeating energy changes to find its strongest pulse, then shows the likely BPM, confidence, beat length, and useful half-time or double-time alternatives. Automatic tempo detection works best on music with clear, repeated attacks such as kick drums, snares, claps, or strummed chords. If a track is rubato, changes tempo, starts with ambience, or has little percussion, play it and use the built-in tap control as a practical second opinion. Analysis uses the first three minutes of decoded audio and stays in this browser tab. There is no account, server upload, track database, or stored result. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop or select a browser-readable MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, OGG, FLAC, Opus, or similar audio file up to 100 MB. 2. **Detect the BPM** - Press Detect BPM and wait while your browser decodes the file and compares repeating changes in its energy envelope. 3. **Check the result** - Read the estimated tempo, confidence, milliseconds per beat, and any half-time or double-time alternatives. 4. **Verify by tapping** - If the rhythm is loose or the count feels doubled, play the preview and tap along at least four times for a manual average. ## Who it's for - **DJs** can check a track before beatmatching, building a set, or labeling a library. - **Producers** can estimate a sample or loop tempo before warping it to a session grid. - **Video editors** can time cuts, transitions, and motion graphics to the detected beat length. - **Musicians and dancers** can set a metronome or practice tempo from a reference recording. ## Expert note The detector half-wave rectifies changes in short-window RMS energy, then autocorrelates that onset envelope across 50 to 220 BPM. Because listeners can count the same pulse at two metrical levels, a 70 BPM result and its 140 BPM double-time alternative may both be musically valid. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. The browser reads and decodes your selected file locally, then analyzes its PCM samples in the current tab. CanDoYa does not receive or store the audio, filename, detected BPM, or tap history. Closing or refreshing the page clears the temporary working data. ### Is the BPM detector free? Yes. You can analyze audio, preview it, copy the detected tempo, and use tap tempo without an account, subscription, watermark, or usage credits. Processing happens on your device, so the practical constraints are browser codec support, available memory, and the 100 MB file limit. ### What audio limits and formats apply? Files can be up to 100 MB and need at least three seconds of decodable audio. MP3 and WAV have the broadest browser support. M4A, AAC, OGG, Opus, FLAC, WebM, AIFF, and other formats may work depending on the codecs included with your browser and operating system. ### How accurate is an online BPM detector? Accuracy is strongest for steady music with clear rhythmic attacks. Syncopation, long ambient intros, live timing drift, changing tempo, and sparse vocals can lower confidence or cause a half-time result. Check the suggested alternative tempos and use tap tempo when the automatic pulse does not match what you hear. ### Why did it detect half or double the expected BPM? A beat can often be counted at more than one metrical level. A hip-hop groove felt at 70 BPM may also contain eighth-note motion at 140 BPM, while a fast drum pattern can be grouped in half-time. The alternatives are not necessarily errors; choose the count that matches your project grid. ### Can I detect BPM from speech or a podcast? Usually not reliably. Natural speech does not repeat with the stable pulse that tempo detection expects. A podcast intro with rhythmic music may work, but spoken sections can produce low confidence. For speech pacing, a words-per-minute calculator is a better measurement than beats per minute. ### How does tap tempo work? Play the track and press the TAP button or T key on each beat. The tool converts the average interval between your recent taps into BPM and trims unusually early or late taps once enough samples are available. Pause for more than 2.5 seconds to begin a new reading. ## Related tools - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/) - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Guitar Tuner](https://candoya.com/tools/guitar-tuner/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Breadcrumb Schema Generator - BreadcrumbList JSON-LD" description: "Free breadcrumb schema generator that builds valid BreadcrumbList JSON-LD for Google rich results. No sign-up - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Breadcrumb Schema Generator Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is a breadcrumb schema generator? A breadcrumb schema generator turns a page's navigation path into schema.org BreadcrumbList JSON-LD - the structured data Google reads to show a breadcrumb trail in search results. Enter each crumb's name and URL, and it outputs a ready-to-paste script tag. Everything runs in your browser, so nothing is uploaded. Breadcrumb structured data tells search engines the hierarchy that leads to a page, so Google can replace the raw URL in a result with a readable trail like Home > Books > Science Fiction. This generator writes the exact JSON-LD Google documents, assigns sequential positions for you, and lets the final crumb omit its URL the way the current page should. ## How to use it 1. **List your breadcrumbs** - Enter each level of the path, from the homepage down to the current page, in order. 2. **Add each URL** - Give every crumb its full https:// URL. Leave the last crumb's URL blank - the current page doesn't need one. 3. **Copy the JSON-LD** - The BreadcrumbList markup updates live. Keep the script tag wrapper on and copy it. 4. **Paste it into your page** - Drop the script into the page's HTML head or body, then confirm it with Google's Rich Results Test. ## Who it's for - **SEO specialists** adding BreadcrumbList markup so pages show a breadcrumb trail in Google. - **Web developers** who need clean, valid JSON-LD to drop into a template or CMS. - **Store owners** marking up category and product paths for richer search listings. - **Bloggers** giving each post a Home > Category > Post trail without touching a plugin. ## Expert note Google reads the breadcrumb positions in array order, not from the position numbers alone, so the order you list the crumbs is what actually ships - keep the homepage first and the current page last, and only the last crumb should omit its URL. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the breadcrumb schema generator free? Yes - it's completely free, with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. The breadcrumb names and URLs you enter are turned into JSON-LD locally in your browser and are never sent to a server. ### What is BreadcrumbList JSON-LD? BreadcrumbList is the schema.org type Google uses for breadcrumbs. It holds an ordered list of ListItem entries, each with a position, a name, and the page URL, wrapped in a script tag so search engines can read the page's hierarchy. ### Does the last breadcrumb need a URL? No. The final crumb is the current page, and Google lets you omit its URL. Leave that field blank and the generator drops the URL from the last item automatically while keeping every other crumb linked. ### Should breadcrumb URLs be absolute? Yes. Google expects full absolute URLs like https://example.com/books rather than relative paths such as /books. The tool flags any crumb that uses a relative URL so you can fix it before publishing. ### Where do I put the breadcrumb schema on my page? Paste the script tag into the page's HTML, in either the head or the body. It should match the breadcrumb links visible on the page, then you can validate it with Google's Rich Results Test. ## Related tools - [Topical Map Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/) - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/) - [Open Graph Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Break-even Calculator for Units and Revenue" description: "Break-even calculator for units, revenue, contribution margin and profit targets. Test fixed and variable costs instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Break-even Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a break-even calculator show? A break-even calculator finds how many units you must sell before revenue covers fixed and variable costs. Enter fixed costs, selling price and variable cost per unit to see the whole-unit sales target, required revenue, contribution margin and optional volumes for a target profit or planned sales level. **Break-even analysis separates fixed costs from costs that rise with each sale.** This calculator assumes the price and variable cost per unit remain constant across the volume you test. It runs locally in your browser, and no account is required. ## How to use it 1. **Enter fixed costs** - Use the total overhead for one period or project, such as rent, salaries, software and insurance for a month. 2. **Add unit economics** - Enter the selling price and the variable cost attached to one item, booking or service unit. 3. **Read the break-even target** - Review the required whole units, revenue, contribution per unit and contribution ratio. 4. **Test a scenario** - Open Planning scenarios to add a target profit or planned unit volume, then compare the projected result. ## Who it's for - **Small business owners** setting a monthly sales target that covers rent, salaries and other overhead. - **Product teams** testing whether a proposed price leaves enough contribution per unit to recover launch costs. - **Freelancers and service firms** treating each project, booking or billable hour as one unit when planning capacity. - **Event and course organizers** estimating how many tickets or seats must sell before a fixed venue or production budget is recovered. ## Expert note Break-even units use fixed costs divided by contribution per unit, where contribution is selling price minus variable cost. The calculator rounds the actionable unit target up, since rounding down would still leave part of the fixed cost uncovered. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this break-even calculator free? Yes. You can calculate break-even units, revenue, contribution margin, target-profit volume and projected profit without signing up or paying. There is no fixed calculation limit, and the inputs stay available only in the current browser session unless you copy the results. ### Are my costs or prices uploaded? No. The calculations run in your browser. The fixed costs, price, variable cost, profit goal and planned sales volume you enter are not sent to a calculation server or saved to an account. ### What is the break-even point formula? Break-even units equal fixed costs divided by contribution per unit. Contribution per unit equals selling price minus variable cost. For fixed costs of 12,000, a price of 95 and a variable cost of 38, contribution is 57 and the break-even point is 211 whole units after rounding up. ### How do you calculate break-even revenue? Multiply the whole-unit break-even target by the selling price to get the actionable revenue target. In continuous accounting terms, you can also divide fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio. The two figures can differ slightly when the exact unit result contains a fraction and must be rounded up. ### What if variable cost is higher than the selling price? There is no break-even volume when variable cost equals or exceeds the selling price. Each additional unit adds no contribution, or increases the loss, so selling more cannot recover fixed costs. Raise the price or lower the unit cost before calculating a viable target. ### What is margin of safety in break-even analysis? Margin of safety measures how far planned sales sit above the break-even point. This calculator reports that cushion as a percentage of planned units. A negative result means the plan remains below break-even; a positive result shows how much volume could fall before the business reaches the break-even line. ### Can I use this for services instead of products? Yes. Define one unit as a booking, project, subscription, ticket or billable hour. Use a consistent period for fixed costs and planned volume, and include only costs that change with each additional unit in the variable cost field. ## Related tools - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Commission Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/commission-calculator/) - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/) - [Discount Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "BTU to kW Converter - Free HVAC Calculator" description: "Convert BTU to kW for heating and cooling capacity. Enter BTU/h and get kilowatts, watts and refrigeration tons instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/btu-to-kw/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free BTU to kW Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert BTU to kW? For HVAC capacity, BTU usually means BTU per hour. Convert BTU/h to kilowatts by multiplying by 0.000293071070172. A 12,000 BTU/h air conditioner is about 3.517 kW, which is also one refrigeration ton. Enter any capacity and the result updates instantly in your browser. This converter uses the International Table Btu, where 1 BTU/h equals 0.293071 watts. Type the heating or cooling capacity from an air conditioner, heat pump, furnace or datasheet and the tool returns kW, watts and refrigeration tons without uploading anything. Commas are accepted, so values such as 18,000 or 24,000 work as expected. Use kW when comparing electrical or thermal power, and use kWh only when energy over time matters. A 3.5 kW cooling capacity is not the same as using 3.5 kWh of electricity in one hour, because equipment efficiency and COP change the electrical input. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the BTU/h value** - Type the heating or cooling capacity. You can include commas, for example 12,000. 2. **Read the kW result** - The kilowatt result updates instantly, with watts and refrigeration tons shown underneath. 3. **Copy the conversion** - Use Copy conversion to copy the BTU/h, kW, watts, tons and formula for notes or estimates. ## Who it's for - **HVAC shoppers** comparing air conditioner or heat pump sizes listed in BTU/h against metric kW ratings. - **Installers and estimators** checking quick capacity conversions for room cooling, heating and refrigeration jobs. - **Energy analysts** keeping power units consistent before comparing equipment schedules or load notes. - **Homeowners** translating common 9,000, 12,000, 18,000 and 24,000 BTU/h mini-split sizes into kilowatts. ## Expert note The common HVAC shortcut is 1,000 BTU/h = 0.293 kW. This tool keeps more digits internally, so common sizes land cleanly: 9,000 BTU/h = 2.638 kW, 12,000 BTU/h = 3.517 kW, and 24,000 BTU/h = 7.034 kW. It converts capacity only, not electrical power draw. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this BTU to kW converter free? Yes. The converter is free, requires no sign-up and has no usage limit. It runs in your browser, so the capacity values you type are not uploaded to a server. ### Is my data uploaded? No. The conversion is simple math performed locally in your browser. Once the page is loaded, typing, clearing, copying and example loading all happen on your device. ### What formula does BTU to kW use? For HVAC capacity, the formula is kW = BTU/h x 0.000293071070172. The inverse is 1 kW = 3,412.142 BTU/h. This uses the International Table Btu definition. ### How many kW is 12,000 BTU? 12,000 BTU/h is 3.51685 kW, commonly rounded to 3.52 kW. That same capacity is one refrigeration ton. The tool shows this automatically when you load the example. ### Is BTU the same as BTU per hour? Strictly, BTU is energy and BTU/h is power. HVAC product pages often say BTU when they mean BTU per hour capacity. This converter follows the HVAC convention and converts BTU/h to kW. ### Does kW mean electricity use? Not necessarily. On an air conditioner or heat pump listing, kW can describe heating or cooling capacity. Electrical input depends on efficiency, EER, SEER or COP, so it can be much lower or higher than a simple capacity conversion suggests. --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Burn Subtitles Into Video - Free Online Tool" description: "Burn subtitles into video from an SRT or WebVTT file. Preview style and timing, then export a private, watermark-free MP4 in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/burn-in-subtitles/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Burn Subtitles Into Video Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you burn subtitles into a video? To burn subtitles into a video, pair a local clip with an SRT or WebVTT file, check the synced preview, choose a readable style, and export a new MP4. The caption pixels become part of every video frame, so they stay visible in players and social platforms that ignore separate subtitle files. This subtitle burner reads standard SRT and WebVTT timestamps, removes file-only markup, and builds a styled ASS caption track for the export engine. It keeps line breaks, overlapping cues, Unicode text, and an optional timing offset. The live browser preview lets you scrub the source and catch an early or late track before a long render starts. When you export, a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg, libass, HarfBuzz, and an open Noto Sans caption font runs inside this tab. The picture is re-encoded as H.264 because hard subtitles must be drawn into every frame. The first readable audio track becomes AAC, while soft subtitle streams, extra tracks, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are omitted. Browser memory makes short and moderate clips the best fit. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common local video into the first input. 2. **Add SRT or WebVTT** - Choose the matching .srt or .vtt file and confirm that the cue count and track end time look right. 3. **Check timing and style** - Play or scrub the preview, then choose Classic, Boxed, or Highlight captions, a size, a top or bottom position, and an optional timing offset. 4. **Burn and download** - Create the H.264 MP4 locally, preview the finished file, and download it without a watermark. ## Who it's for - **Social video creators** can make captions visible on Reels, Shorts, TikTok, LinkedIn, and other feeds where sidecar files are not loaded. - **Teachers and trainers** can prepare captioned lesson clips that work in simple embedded players and downloaded presentations. - **Remote teams** can burn a reviewed meeting transcript into a clip without sending confidential footage to an editing server. - **Localization teams** can preview a translated SRT or VTT track against the source and correct a whole-track timing shift before export. ## Expert note A timing offset moves every cue without changing the subtitle file: enter +1.5 seconds when captions appear 1.5 seconds too early, or -1.5 seconds when they appear too late. Check both the first and last spoken lines because a track that slowly drifts needs retiming, not a fixed offset. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I burn subtitles? No. Your browser reads the video and subtitle files from your device and creates the MP4 inside this tab. It downloads the WebAssembly video engine and open caption font when first needed, but it does not send your source media or subtitle text to CanDoYa for processing or storage. ### Is this subtitle burner free and watermark-free? Yes. You can preview, style, render, and download the subtitled MP4 without an account, subscription, export credit, or watermark. The practical limits come from your device's memory and processing speed because the complete source, engine, working frames, and result must fit inside the browser tab. ### How large a video can I subtitle in the browser? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. A file near the limit can still take a long time or exhaust memory. Desktop editing software is safer for long, high-resolution, or production-master footage. ### What is the difference between hardcoded and soft subtitles? Hardcoded subtitles are drawn into the video pixels and cannot be turned off. Soft subtitles remain a separate track or sidecar SRT/VTT file that a compatible player can show or hide. Burned captions are more portable for social posts and simple players, but changing them requires another video export. ### Can I add an SRT file to an MP4? Yes. Choose the MP4 and its matching SRT file, verify the timing in the live preview, and export. The result is another MP4 with the SRT text permanently visible. The original video and subtitle file are not modified, so keep them if you may need editable captions later. ### Does the tool also support WebVTT subtitles? Yes. It reads WebVTT cue identifiers, timestamps, multiline text, and common inline voice or style tags. File-level NOTE, STYLE, and REGION blocks are ignored because the export uses the caption style you choose in the tool. Save the file with a .vtt extension before selecting it. ### How do I fix subtitles that appear too early or too late? Use the timing offset to move the complete track. A positive value delays every cue, while a negative value brings every cue forward. Scrub to the first and final captions after adjusting it. If the start is correct but later cues drift, repair the subtitle timing in an editor instead. ### Will burning subtitles reduce video quality or remove audio? The picture must be re-encoded so the text becomes part of each frame, which can slightly change fine detail. The exporter uses a high-quality H.264 setting and keeps the first readable audio track as AAC. Silent videos stay silent, and the original local file remains unchanged. ## Related tools - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [SRT Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/srt-editor/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Business Card Maker - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online business card maker with live preview, print-ready sizes and private browser autosave. No sign-up or upload needed." url: https://candoya.com/tools/business-card-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Business Card Maker Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What does a business card maker do? A business card maker helps you turn contact details into a clean, printable card layout. Enter your name, company, title and contact lines, pick a style and size, then copy the contact text or download a print-ready HTML file. Your draft stays in your browser. This tool is built for quick, practical cards rather than complex graphic design. It supports common US and European card sizes, front and optional back layouts, accent colors and a vCard export you can paste into email, a CRM or another design app. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your details** - Add a name or company, then fill in the role, email, phone, website and address fields you want to show. 2. **Choose a card style** - Pick a preset, card size, font and accent color while the preview updates live. 3. **Check the preview** - Use the print-safe preview to spot long lines, missing contact details or a back side you do not need. 4. **Export or print** - Copy the contact text or vCard, download a printable HTML file, or open the browser print dialog. ## Who it's for - **Freelancers** making a quick card for a client meeting, market or event. - **Small businesses** drafting card copy before sending it to a printer. - **Job seekers** creating a simple networking card with email and portfolio links. - **Teams** standardizing contact text and vCard details before a branded design pass. - **Students and clubs** printing basic contact cards without signing up for a design platform. ## Expert note US cards are commonly 3.5 x 2 inches, while many European printers use 85 x 55 mm. Keep important text away from the edge because professional print files usually need bleed and trim allowances. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this business card maker free? Yes. The business card maker is free to use, works in your browser and does not require an account. You can edit the preview, copy contact details, copy a vCard and download a printable HTML file. ### Are my business card details uploaded? No. The card editor runs locally in your browser. Autosave uses your browser's local storage, so your name, phone number, email and company details are not sent to a server by this tool. ### Can I print the business card directly? Yes. Use the Print button to open a print-friendly page with the front card and optional back side. For professional printing, treat this as a draft and confirm bleed, trim and color requirements with your printer. ### What business card sizes does it support? The tool includes US 3.5 x 2 inch cards and EU 85 x 55 mm cards. These cover common everyday needs, but printers may ask for extra bleed or a slightly different local size. ### Can I export a vCard? Yes. The Copy vCard button creates a standard vCard text block with your name, company, title, phone, email, website and address. Paste it into a contact manager, email signature workflow or another design tool. ### What are the limits of this tool? It is a fast browser card maker, not a full vector design suite. It is best for simple layouts, contact text, print drafts and local previews. Use a professional design app if you need logos, bleed guides or press-ready PDF output. ## Related tools - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/) - [Business Name Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-name-generator/) - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [CSS Border Radius Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-border-radius-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Business Days Calculator - Count Working Days" description: "Free business days calculator. Count the working days between two dates, skip weekends, and exclude your own public holidays. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Business Days Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a business days calculator? A business days calculator counts the working days between two dates, excluding weekends and any holidays you list. It answers deadline questions like "how many working days until this date" by ignoring Saturdays and Sundays (or whichever weekend you choose) so you get a realistic count. The count is **inclusive of both the start and end date**, which matches how contracts and shipping estimates read "5 business days". Because the weekend is different around the world, you pick the convention that fits: Saturday and Sunday, Friday and Saturday, a single rest day, or none. Everything is computed **locally in your browser** - no dates are uploaded and no account is needed. ## How to use it 1. **Pick your dates** - Choose a start date and an end date. If you enter them backwards, the tool swaps them and still counts correctly. 2. **Set the weekend** - Select which days are your weekend - Saturday and Sunday by default, or another convention. 3. **Add holidays (optional)** - Paste any public holidays, one per line, and they are removed from the count if they fall on a working day. 4. **Read the result** - The business-day count updates instantly, along with calendar days, weekend days, and holidays excluded. ## Who it's for - **Project managers** setting realistic deadlines that skip weekends and company holidays. - **HR and payroll teams** counting working days for notice periods, leave, or probation windows. - **Freelancers and agencies** quoting turnaround times like "10 business days" with confidence. - **Shippers and buyers** estimating delivery when a carrier promises a number of working days. ## Expert note A holiday only lowers the count when it lands on a working weekday inside your range - a public holiday that falls on a Saturday is already excluded as a weekend, so it is never double-counted. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are the start and end dates both counted? Yes. The count is inclusive of both endpoints, so Monday to Friday of the same week is 5 business days. This matches how legal and shipping timelines usually read a span of working days. ### Does it skip public holidays? Only the holidays you enter. There is no built-in national calendar because holidays differ by country and region, so you paste the dates that apply to you, one per line, and the tool removes any that land on a working weekday. ### Can I change which days are the weekend? Yes. You can set the weekend to Saturday and Sunday, Friday and Saturday, Sunday only, Friday only, or none at all, so the count fits your local working week rather than assuming Monday to Friday. ### Is my data uploaded? No. Every calculation runs locally in your browser. The dates and holidays you enter never leave your device and nothing is sent to a server. ### Is the business days calculator free? Yes, it is completely free with no sign-up, no limits, and no download. It works instantly in your browser on desktop and mobile. ### What happens if my end date is before my start date? The tool swaps the two dates, counts the working days between them, and shows a small note that the dates were swapped, so you still get a correct, non-negative business-day count. ## Related tools - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Working Hours Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/working-hours-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Business Name Generator - Free Name Ideas" description: "Generate brandable business name ideas free online. Type a keyword, pick a style, and get short company, startup and brand names with matching .com domains. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/business-name-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Business Name Generator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a business name generator? A business name generator turns a keyword into brandable company name ideas by blending it with startup suffixes, prefixes and descriptive words, so you get short, ownable names like Coffeely, BrightCoffee or Coffee Labs. You pick the style and how many to see, then copy the ones you like and check the matching .com domain. This one runs entirely in your browser. Type one keyword (say *coffee*) and, optionally, a second word for your industry, and the generator combines them locally using English name-building patterns: a modern suffix (Coffeely, Coffeeify, Coffeehub), a friendly prefix (GetCoffee, TryCoffee), a vowel-drop blend (Coffr), a two-word compound (BrightCoffee, CoffeeWorks) or a clean entity name (Coffee Studio, Coffee Co). Every idea is built with the browser's **Web Crypto random number generator** using rejection sampling, so no word is quietly favored over another and nothing is sent to a server. Leave the keyword blank and it draws from a curated pool of business-flavored words so you still get real, brandable names. Each result shows a suggested **.com** domain so you can eyeball length and spelling before you check availability at a registrar. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a keyword** - Type the main word your brand is about, such as coffee, cloud or fitness. Add an optional second word for your industry to weave in. 2. **Pick a style** - Choose Mixed for variety, Brandable for short invented names, Compound for two-word names, or Name + word for a keyword followed by an entity word. 3. **Set how many** - Choose how many ideas to see at once, up to fifty. Press Regenerate any time for a fresh batch and every input change re-rolls automatically. 4. **Copy and check** - Copy a single name or the whole list. Use the suggested .com beside each name to check the domain at your registrar. ## Who it's for - **Founders naming a new company** who want a shortlist of short, brandable options built around their core keyword. - **Startups and side projects** chasing a name with a free .com and a matching social handle. - **Freelancers and agencies** naming a studio, shop or personal brand without paying for a naming service. - **Product and app teams** brainstorming a codename or product line that reads well and is easy to say. - **Anyone stuck on a name** who needs dozens of fresh directions fast to break through a blank page. ## Expert note A name is only useful if you can actually own it, so this tool optimizes for the two things that decide that: length and a clean .com. Short brandable coinages (vowel-drop blends and modern suffixes) tend to have free domains because they are not dictionary words, while two-word compounds read more clearly but are more often taken. The generator shows the matching .com beside every idea precisely so you can weigh memorability against availability before falling in love with a name you cannot register. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this business name generator free? Yes, completely free with no sign-up, no ads to unlock and no limits. Everything runs in your browser, so you can generate as many business names as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### Are these business names available to use? The tool cannot check domain or trademark availability - it has no server and never contacts one. It gives you brandable ideas and a suggested .com to try; always confirm the domain at a registrar and clear the trademark before you commit. ### How does it create the names? It blends your keyword with English name-building patterns: startup suffixes (-ly, -ify, -hub), friendly prefixes (Get, Try), vowel-drop blends, two-word compounds and entity words like Studio or Labs. Picks are made with the browser's cryptographic random source, so no combination is favored. ### What if I do not have a keyword yet? Leave the keyword blank and generate. The tool draws from a curated pool of business-flavored words like Summit, Atlas and Harbor, so you still get real, ownable-looking names to spark ideas. ### Can I get a shorter, more brandable name? Yes. Pick the Brandable style for short invented coinages using vowel-drop blends and modern suffixes. These are the names most likely to have a free .com because they are not everyday dictionary words. ### Does it work for startup, brand, app or product names? Yes. The same patterns fit a company, startup, brand, app, product or agency name - just enter the keyword that matters most and pick a style. Add a second word to nudge results toward your industry. ### Do the names work in my language? The name parts are English (suffixes, prefixes and business words), so the results read as English brand names. That is usually the goal, since brands often use English for a global audience, but they are not translated into other languages. ## Related tools - [Username Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/username-generator/) - [Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/lorem-ipsum-generator/) - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/) - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Caesar Cipher Encoder & Decoder - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online Caesar cipher tool. Encode and decode text with any shift (0-25), try ROT13, or brute-force all shifts to crack unknown ciphers. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/caesar-cipher/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Caesar Cipher Encoder & Decoder Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is the Caesar cipher? The Caesar cipher is a classic substitution cipher that encodes text by shifting each letter forward by a fixed amount (0-25 positions). Decoding shifts backward by the same amount. It preserves case and non-letters, so spaces and punctuation survive unchanged. Decrypting requires knowing the shift value, but trying all 25 possibilities takes seconds. This tool encodes and decodes Caesar cipher text live as you type and never leaves your device. Adjust the **shift slider** (0-25) or type a number directly, and watch the output update instantly. The ROT13 preset applies the most famous variant (shift 13, which is its own inverse). In decode mode, the **brute-force panel** shows all 25 possible shifts at once - click any to apply it and see the decoded text, making it trivial to crack an unknown Caesar cipher by eye. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a direction** - Pick Encode to scramble plain text, or Decode to unscramble Caesar ciphertext. 2. **Set the shift** - Use the slider or number input to set the shift amount (0-25). Both sides must use the same shift - 3 is the classic choice. 3. **Type or paste your text** - The result updates instantly in the panel beside it. In decode mode, the brute-force panel shows all 25 shifts. 4. **Copy or try shifts** - Copy the output to use it, or click any shift in the brute-force panel to apply it and see the decoded text. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** learning classical cryptography and substitution ciphers. - **Puzzle and escape-room makers** encoding clues that players can solve by trying different shifts. - **CTF and cipher-challenge players** cracking Caesar ciphers and trying all shifts quickly. - **Writers and game designers** creating simple in-world ciphers or secret messages for fun. ## Expert note The Caesar cipher is trivially broken by brute force: there are only 25 possible shifts, so an attacker can try all of them in seconds and recognize the plaintext by eye. Frequency analysis also cracks it instantly - the letter distribution of the ciphertext matches the plaintext, just shifted. Treat it as a puzzle or teaching tool, never as real encryption. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Caesar cipher tool free? Yes - it's completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Both encoding and decoding run entirely in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Your text is processed locally in your browser and never sent to a server, so it stays private even for sensitive messages. ### What is ROT13? ROT13 is the Caesar cipher with shift 13. It is its own inverse: applying ROT13 twice returns the original text. It was historically used to hide spoilers and mild profanity in online forums. ### How do I crack a Caesar cipher without the key? The key is just the shift amount (0-25), so there are only 25 possibilities. Use the brute-force panel to see all shifts at once, or try each one until the output reads as English. That is why the Caesar cipher offers no real security. ### Does it keep spaces and punctuation? Yes. The Caesar cipher only shifts letters, so spaces, punctuation, accents and emoji are all kept and moved along with the text. Decoding with the same shift restores everything exactly. ### Is the Caesar cipher secure? No. It is a teaching and puzzle cipher, not real encryption. The key space is tiny (only 25 shifts), and frequency analysis breaks it instantly. Use it for learning and games, never to protect sensitive data. ### What is the difference from the rail fence cipher? The Caesar cipher is a substitution cipher: it replaces each letter with another. The rail fence is a transposition cipher: it keeps the same letters but changes their order. They are often taught together as the two basic cipher families. ## Related tools - [Rail Fence Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/rail-fence-cipher/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Online Calculators for Math and Everyday Numbers" description: "Calculate percentages, fractions, averages, loan payments and other everyday numbers. Browser calculators with visible inputs and explained assumptions." url: https://candoya.com/tools/calc/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Calculators for everyday decisions Start with the question you are trying to answer. Percentage Calculator finds a share of a number, while Percentage Change compares an old value with a new one. Fraction tools preserve a ratio in a form that decimal rounding can obscure. Statistics calculators summarize a dataset, and finance tools model payments, interest and other scenarios. The calculation runs in your browser and you can change an input to see how the answer responds. The same numbers can answer different questions. A price rising from 80 to 100 is a 25 percent increase; falling from 100 to 80 is a 20 percent decrease. In a dataset, a population standard deviation and a sample standard deviation use different denominators. Check the labels and formula explanation instead of assuming that two calculators with similar names should agree. For estimates involving money or health, assumptions matter more than extra decimal places. Loan models may exclude fees, taxes or insurance; an interest rate is not always an APR. Health estimates describe a formula, not an individual diagnosis. Use the result to understand a scenario, retain the inputs, and compare it with the terms or measurements that apply to your situation before making a consequential decision. ## Calculators tools - [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/aspect-ratio-calculator/): Aspect ratio calculator for images, video and layouts. Reduce width:height, get CSS aspect-ratio, and calculate matching resize dimensions. - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/): Free big number calculator for exact arbitrary-precision math. Add, multiply, divide and raise huge numbers to powers with no rounding, right in your browser. - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/): Free correlation coefficient calculator: paste paired X and Y data and get Pearson's r, r squared, Spearman's rank, covariance and the regression line instantly. Runs in your browser. - [Decimal to Fraction Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/decimal-to-fraction/): Convert decimals to fractions in lowest terms, including negative and repeating decimals. See exact steps and mixed numbers instantly. - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/): Free online fraction calculator to add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers. Get the answer in lowest terms instantly, in your browser. - [Fraction to Decimal Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-to-decimal/): Convert fractions to decimals online with repeating digits shown in parentheses. Exact BigInt long division, no sign-up, no upload. - [GCD and LCM Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/gcd-lcm-calculator/): GCD and LCM calculator for 2 to 20 integers. Get exact answers, normalized values and Euclidean algorithm steps instantly in your browser. - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/): Free integral calculator: enter a function and lower and upper limits to evaluate the definite integral instantly. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser. - [Matrix Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/matrix-calculator/): Use this matrix calculator to add, subtract, multiply, transpose, invert, find determinants, and calculate RREF. Free, private, and instant. - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/): Free mean median mode calculator: paste a list of numbers and get the mean (average), median, mode, range, sum, count and standard deviation instantly. Runs in your browser. - [Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/median-mode-calculator/): Use this median calculator to find the middle value, mode, sorted positions, and frequencies for any number set. Free and private in your browser. - [Perimeter Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/): Free perimeter calculator for a rectangle, square, triangle, circle, polygon and more. Pick a shape, enter the dimensions, and get the perimeter with the formula - instantly in your browser. - [Percentage Change Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-change/): Free percentage change calculator: enter an old value and a new value to get the percent increase or decrease instantly, with the worked formula. Runs in your browser. - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/): Free percentage calculator: find X% of a number, what percent one number is of another, and percent increase or decrease - instantly in your browser. - [Prime Factorization Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/prime-factorization/): Use this prime factorization calculator to break integers up to 1 trillion into prime powers, see every division step, and copy the exact result. - [Quadratic Equation Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/quadratic-equation-solver/): Solve quadratic equations online with real or complex roots, the discriminant, vertex, and clear quadratic formula steps. Free and private. - [Proportion Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/proportion-solver/): Proportion calculator to solve any missing value in a/b = c/d with exact fractions, decimals, cross multiplication steps, and ratio checks. - [Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ratio-calculator/): Ratio calculator to simplify two-part or multi-part ratios, find equivalent ratios, percentages and proportional shares of any total. - [Roman Numeral Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/roman-numeral-converter/): Free Roman numeral converter: turn numbers into Roman numerals and Roman numerals back into numbers (1-3999), instantly in your browser with the worked breakdown. - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/): Standard deviation calculator for sample or population data. Paste numbers to get standard deviation, variance, mean, and calculation steps instantly. - [Truth Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/truth-table-generator/): Truth table generator for Boolean expressions with AND, OR, NOT, XOR, implication, and equivalence. See every row, minterm, and result instantly. - [Variance Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/variance-calculator/): Variance calculator for sample or population data with formulas, mean, standard deviation, and every squared deviation shown. Free and private. - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/): Free z-score calculator: enter a raw value, the mean and standard deviation to get the standard score, its percentile, and the probability - instantly in your browser. - [Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/amortization-schedule/): Build a dated amortization schedule with principal, interest, extra payments, annual summaries and CSV export. Free, private and instant. - [Auto Loan Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-loan-calculator/): Auto loan calculator with sales tax, trade-in, payoff, down payment and fees. Estimate your car payment, amount financed and total interest. - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/): Break-even calculator for units, revenue, contribution margin and profit targets. Test fixed and variable costs instantly in your browser. - [Cap Table Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/cap-table-calculator/): Cap table calculator for startup ownership and a priced funding round. See shares, dilution and investor percentages instantly in your browser. - [Commission Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/commission-calculator/): Commission calculator for flat or tiered sales rates, optional base pay and clear payout breakdowns. Compare progressive and retroactive plans instantly. - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/): Free compound interest calculator: project how savings grow from a deposit, rate, compounding frequency and regular contributions - final balance and interest, live in your browser. - [Credit Card Payoff Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/credit-card-payoff/): Use this free credit card payoff calculator to estimate your payoff time, monthly payment, total interest and month-by-month balance. No sign-up. - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/): Free debt payoff calculator comparing the snowball and avalanche methods. Enter your debts and extra payment to see which clears them faster and cheaper. - [Discount Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/): Free discount calculator to work out sale price, savings, discount percentage and original price. Instant retail math, no sign-up. - [Gross Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/gross-margin-calculator/): Free gross margin calculator for revenue and COGS. See gross profit, margin and markup, or plan target revenue instantly in your browser. - [Home Affordability Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/): Free home affordability calculator: estimate how much house you can afford from income, debts, down payment, mortgage rate, taxes, insurance, HOA and PMI. - [Hourly to Salary Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/hourly-to-salary/): Hourly to salary calculator for annual, monthly, biweekly, and weekly gross pay. Adjust paid hours and weeks for a realistic estimate. - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/): Free loan calculator: enter the amount, interest rate and term to get your monthly payment, total interest, total cost and a full month-by-month amortization schedule - live in your browser. - [Markup vs Margin](https://candoya.com/tools/markup-vs-margin/): Convert markup to margin or margin to markup instantly. Compare the two profit percentages and see the price from any sample cost. - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/): Free mortgage calculator: enter home price, down payment, rate and term to get your full monthly payment - principal, interest, property tax, home insurance and PMI - plus a live amortization schedule. - [Mortgage Overpayment Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-overpayment/): Mortgage overpayment calculator for recurring and one-off extra payments. Compare interest and time saved with a clear payoff schedule. - [MRR and ARR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mrr-arr-calculator/): MRR and ARR calculator for SaaS plan mixes. Normalize monthly, quarterly and annual subscriptions into clear recurring revenue totals instantly. - [NPV Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/npv-calculator/): NPV calculator with editable cash flows, a discounted period table and worked net present value result. Free, private and no sign-up required. - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/): Free profit margin calculator to work out margin, markup, profit and target selling price. Instant pricing math, no sign-up. - [Rent vs Buy Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/rent-vs-buy/): Use this free rent vs buy calculator to compare home equity, rent, mortgage costs, maintenance, appreciation and invested savings over time. - [Retirement Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/retirement-calculator/): Retirement calculator to project your savings, income target and monthly contribution. Include inflation and expected return with no sign-up. - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/): ROI calculator for gain or loss, return percentage, break-even value and optional annualized ROI. Clear formulas, no sign-up and no upload. - [ROAS Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roas-calculator/): ROAS calculator for return on ad spend as a multiple, ratio and percentage, with optional break-even ROAS from gross margin. Free and private. - [Startup Runway Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/runway-calculator/): Startup runway calculator for cash, monthly expenses and revenue. See net burn, months remaining, zero-cash date and an 18-month target check. - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/): Savings goal calculator to find how much to save each month for a target and deadline. Include current savings and APY, with no sign-up. - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/): Free invoice generator for creating printable invoices with line items, tax, discounts, payments and HTML download. Private, no sign-up. - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/): Free tip calculator to work out gratuity, tax, total and split bill amounts instantly. Round the total or each share, no sign-up. - [Unit Price Comparison](https://candoya.com/tools/unit-price-comparison/): Unit price calculator to compare two packages by item, weight, or volume. Convert mixed units instantly and see which option costs less. - [VAT Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vat-calculator/): VAT calculator to add or remove VAT and split any price into net, tax and gross amounts. Use any rate and currency, with no sign-up. - [Vesting Schedule Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vesting-schedule/): Free vesting schedule calculator for RSUs, stock options and equity grants. Set your start date, cliff and term to see exactly what has vested and when. - [BMI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmi-calculator/): Free BMI calculator. Enter your height and weight in metric or imperial units to get your Body Mass Index and WHO weight category instantly in your browser. - [BMR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmr-calculator/): Free BMR calculator using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. Estimate resting calories from age, sex, height and weight in metric or US units. - [Calories Burned by Activity Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/calories-burned-by-activity/): Free calories burned by activity calculator. Pick an activity, enter weight and minutes, and estimate kcal with the standard MET formula in your browser. - [Running Pace Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/running-pace-calculator/): Free running pace calculator for pace per km and mile, speed, and even race splits. Enter distance and time in metric or imperial units. - [TDEE Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tdee-calculator/): Free TDEE calculator for daily calorie needs. Estimate maintenance calories from age, height, weight, sex and activity in metric or US units. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Calendar Generator - Free Printable Calendar" description: "Free calendar generator for any month and year. Choose Sunday or Monday starts, add notes and week numbers, then print a clean calendar in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/calendar-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Calendar Generator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a calendar generator? A calendar generator creates a clean monthly calendar for any month and year. Choose whether weeks begin on Sunday or Monday, add a custom title, ISO week numbers, and a notes area, then copy or print the finished calendar. Everything is generated instantly in your browser. Use the live preview to make a **printable monthly calendar** without downloading a template or creating an account. The grid uses Gregorian leap-year rules, and the optional week-number column follows ISO 8601. Your title and notes stay in your browser and are never uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the month and year** - Select any month and enter a year from 1 to 9999. The calendar preview updates immediately. 2. **Set the week layout** - Start the week on Sunday or Monday, and turn ISO week numbers on if you use them for planning. 3. **Personalize the page** - Add an optional calendar title, typed notes, or blank note lines for handwriting after printing. 4. **Copy or print** - Copy a plain-text version for email and chat, or open a clean landscape print view for paper or PDF. ## Who it's for - **Project teams** mapping milestones, review dates, and launch deadlines on one page. - **Students and teachers** printing a clear month for assignments, classes, and exams. - **Families** making a fridge calendar with appointments, trips, and shared reminders. - **Freelancers** planning client work with a Monday-first layout and ISO week numbers. ## Expert note ISO week numbers always belong to Monday-based weeks: week 1 is the week containing January 4. When the visible grid starts on Sunday, this tool labels each row with the ISO number of the Monday inside that row, so year boundaries can show 52, 53, then 1. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the calendar generator free? Yes. You can create, copy, and print as many monthly calendars as you need without an account, subscription, or watermark. The tool runs entirely in your browser and has no usage limit. ### Are my calendar title and notes uploaded? No. The month grid, custom title, and notes are processed locally in your browser. They are not sent to a server, and clearing or closing the page removes the current entries. ### Which years can I use? You can generate a Gregorian calendar for any whole year from 1 through 9999. Leap years follow the standard rule: years divisible by 4 are leap years, except century years unless they are also divisible by 400. ### Can I start the calendar week on Monday? Yes. Switch the week start between Sunday and Monday at any time. Monday-first calendars are common for work planning and match the weekday order used by ISO 8601 week numbers. ### How do calendar week numbers work? The optional numbers use ISO 8601. Weeks start on Monday, and week 1 is the week that contains January 4. A few days at the start or end of a year can therefore belong to the previous or next ISO week-year. ### Can I save the calendar as a PDF? Yes. Select Print calendar, then choose Save as PDF in your browser's print dialog. The print view contains only the calendar, your typed notes, and the optional blank notes area. ### Does the calendar work offline? After the page has loaded, calendar generation needs no network request. Month lengths, leap years, weekday positions, and ISO week numbers are all calculated with client-side JavaScript. ## Related tools - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Meeting Time Planner](https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/) - [Time Zone Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Calories Burned by Activity Calculator" description: "Free calories burned by activity calculator. Pick an activity, enter weight and minutes, and estimate kcal with the standard MET formula in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/calories-burned-by-activity/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Calories Burned by Activity Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate calories burned by activity? A calories burned by activity calculator estimates energy use from the activity's MET value, your body weight and the time spent moving. Choose an activity, enter your weight and minutes, and the tool applies the standard MET equation locally in your browser. Treat the result as a practical estimate, not a medical measurement. This tool uses common MET values for everyday activities such as walking, running, cycling, swimming, yoga, dancing, hiking and housework. It includes Metric (EU) and US unit options, updates instantly, and shows the formula so you can see exactly how the estimate was made. Nothing is uploaded or stored. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an activity** - Select a preset such as brisk walking, running, cycling or swimming. Use Custom MET if you already know the MET value for a specific activity. 2. **Enter weight and time** - Type your body weight in pounds or kilograms, then enter the number of minutes spent doing the activity. 3. **Read the estimate** - The calculator shows total calories, calories per minute, MET intensity and the substituted formula. ## Who it's for - **Walkers and runners** estimating the calories burned during a specific route or workout length. - **Fitness beginners** comparing activities by intensity before choosing a realistic session. - **Coaches and teachers** explaining how body weight, MET and time change calorie estimates. - **People tracking habits** adding a rough calorie value for chores, dancing, yoga or weekend hikes. ## Expert note The formula here is kcal/min = MET x 3.5 x body weight in kg / 200. MET tables are built from population averages, so two people with the same weight can burn different calories if their technique, fitness, grade, speed or body composition differs. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the calories burned by activity calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, requires no sign-up, and runs in your browser. Your weight, duration and activity choices are not uploaded. ### How accurate is a MET calorie estimate? It is a useful estimate, not a lab measurement. MET values describe average energy cost for an activity, then the formula adjusts for body weight and time. Fitness level, terrain, pace, temperature and technique can move your real calorie burn above or below the estimate. ### What is a MET value? MET means metabolic equivalent of task. One MET is roughly the energy used while sitting quietly. An activity with 6 METs uses about six times that resting rate, which is why higher-MET activities produce larger calorie estimates for the same weight and duration. ### Does the calculator count active calories or total calories? The standard MET equation estimates total gross calories for the activity period, including resting energy. Fitness watches may show active calories after subtracting rest, so their number can be lower even when the activity and duration match. ### Can I use metric or US units? Yes. Choose Metric (EU) for kilograms or US for pounds. The calculator converts pounds to kilograms internally because the MET equation uses body mass in kg. ### What if my exact activity is not listed? Choose the closest preset or select Custom MET and enter a value from a trusted activity table. The estimate changes linearly: doubling the MET, weight or minutes roughly doubles the calories. ## Related tools - [BMI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmi-calculator/) - [BMR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmr-calculator/) - [TDEE Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tdee-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Camel Case Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free camel case converter for text, snake_case, kebab-case and PascalCase. Convert live to camelCase or PascalCase in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/camel-case-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Camel Case Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a camel case converter? A camel case converter turns text or code-style names into joined identifiers like userProfileUrl. Paste a phrase, snake_case, kebab-case, PascalCase or mixed punctuation and the result updates live. You can also switch to PascalCase when a class name, type name or component name needs a capital first letter. This converter runs **entirely in your browser**, so pasted code, product labels and private drafts are not uploaded. It splits common identifier boundaries such as `HTTPServerError`, `customer_profile_url` and `invoice-total`, then removes separators and capitalizes each following word. Unicode letters stay intact by default for multilingual identifiers, and strict ASCII mode folds Latin accents when a destination only accepts plain `a-z`, `0-9` and case changes. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Enter a phrase, list of labels or existing identifiers. Each input line becomes one output line. 2. **Choose the case** - Keep the default camelCase output or switch to PascalCase for classes, types and component names. 3. **Pick character handling** - Leave Unicode letters on for multilingual text, or turn it off when you need strict ASCII identifiers. 4. **Copy the result** - Use Copy to grab the converted identifier or the full converted column. ## Who it's for - **Developers** renaming variables, functions, props or JSON fields before pasting them into JavaScript, TypeScript, Java, Kotlin or Swift. - **Design-system teams** turning token names, component labels and Figma exports into predictable camelCase keys. - **Data teams** cleaning spreadsheet headers into application-friendly property names for scripts and API payloads. - **Technical writers** creating code examples that match camelCase or PascalCase naming conventions without manual cleanup. ## Expert note The converter splits acronym runs before title-case words, so `HTTPServerError` becomes `httpServerError` instead of the noisy `hTTPServerError`. That small rule makes copied class names and API fields much easier to clean up in one pass. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this camel case converter free? Yes. The tool is free, does not require sign-up and has no practical line limit for normal browser use. Paste one value or a whole column and convert it instantly. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Conversion happens locally in your browser. Your identifiers, internal field names, API payloads and draft text stay on your device. ### What does camelCase mean? camelCase is a naming style where words are joined with no spaces and each word after the first starts with a capital letter, such as `customerProfileUrl`. It is common in JavaScript, TypeScript, Java, Swift, Kotlin and many API conventions. ### Can it convert snake_case or kebab-case? Yes. It detects separators, so `customer_profile_url` and `customer-profile-url` both become `customerProfileUrl`. It also handles spaces, punctuation, PascalCase and existing camelCase. ### What is PascalCase for? PascalCase is the uppercase-first variant, usually used for classes, types, React components and some file or schema names such as `CustomerProfileUrl`. Use the PascalCase mode when the destination style expects a capital first letter. ### Does it support accents and non-English text? Yes. Unicode letters are kept by default, so words in Cyrillic, Greek, Hindi, Chinese and other scripts are preserved when they are separated by spaces or punctuation. Turn Unicode off only when you need strict ASCII output. ### Can I convert many names at once? Yes. Paste one value per line and the tool returns one converted identifier per line in the same order, which is handy for spreadsheet headers, database columns and bulk code cleanup. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Snake Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/snake-case-converter/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Cap Table Calculator for Startup Ownership" description: "Cap table calculator for startup ownership and a priced funding round. See shares, dilution and investor percentages instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/cap-table-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Cap Table Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a cap table calculator? A cap table calculator turns each shareholder's fully diluted share count into an ownership percentage. Add founders, investors and an employee option pool, then optionally model a priced funding round to see the share price, new investor allocation and post-round dilution for every existing holder. Use the current view as an ownership snapshot or add one priced round to compare before and after percentages. The model updates live and runs **entirely in your browser**. It is a planning aid, not a legal share register or substitute for reviewing financing documents. ## How to use it 1. **List current holders** - Add each founder, investor, adviser or option pool and enter its fully diluted share count. 2. **Check current ownership** - Review each holder's percentage of the current fully diluted total. 3. **Model a priced round** - Optionally enter the pre-money valuation, new investment and investor name to calculate the round. 4. **Compare before and after** - Read the new shares issued, post-money valuation and percentage-point dilution for every existing holder. ## Who it's for - **Startup founders** checking how a proposed investment changes their ownership before negotiating a term sheet. - **Finance teams** creating a quick fully diluted ownership snapshot from existing share counts. - **Employees and advisers** understanding how an option pool and new shares affect percentage ownership. - **Investors** checking the price per share and post-money stake implied by a simple priced round. ## Expert note For a simple priced round, investor ownership is investment divided by post-money valuation. The implied share count depends on the fully diluted pre-round denominator, so an option-pool increase agreed before closing changes the price per share and must be modeled separately. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this cap table calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, needs no account and supports up to 12 current holders plus one new investor. You can model a current ownership snapshot or one simple priced funding round and copy the resulting cap table. ### Is my cap table data uploaded? No. Holder names, share counts, valuations and investment amounts stay in your browser. The calculator does not upload, save or share your ownership data, and clearing the page removes the values from the tool. ### How many shareholders can I include? You can include up to 12 rows. A row can represent one person, an investor group, an employee option pool or another fully diluted bucket. Combine holders only when a grouped ownership percentage is useful for your planning question. ### How is ownership percentage calculated? Divide a holder's shares by total fully diluted shares, then multiply by 100. If a founder owns 5 million shares out of a 10 million fully diluted total, the founder owns 50% before any new shares are issued. ### How does a priced funding round change the cap table? The calculator divides pre-money valuation by current fully diluted shares to get the price per share. It then divides the investment by that price to find new investor shares. Existing holders keep the same shares but own a smaller percentage of the larger post-round total. ### Does this calculator handle SAFEs or convertible notes? No. SAFEs and notes may use valuation caps, discounts, interest and document-specific conversion rules. This calculator models common shares, an option pool and one simple priced round only. Use the actual financing documents and professional advice for a legal cap table. ### What does fully diluted mean in a cap table? Fully diluted shares include outstanding shares plus equity that could become shares under the model, such as an employee option pool. The exact definition can vary by financing agreement, especially for warrants and convertible securities, so match the denominator used in the term sheet. ### Is post-money valuation the same as company value after the round? In this simple model, post-money valuation equals pre-money valuation plus the new cash investment. Real transactions can include debt conversion, secondary sales, fees or other terms that make the legal and economic outcome more complex. ## Related tools - [Vesting Schedule Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vesting-schedule/) - [Startup Runway Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/runway-calculator/) - [MRR and ARR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mrr-arr-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Case Converter - UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case" description: "Free online case converter. Convert text to UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, Capitalize Words, aLtErNaTiNg or iNvErSe in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Case Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a case converter? A case converter changes the letter case of text without retyping it. This tool runs seven conversions in your browser: UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case (AP/Chicago style), Sentence case, Capitalize Each Word, aLtErNaTiNg cAsE and iNvErSe CaSe. Paste a sentence, a heading or a whole article, pick a mode, and copy the result. Conversion runs as you type and stays on your device - the text is never uploaded, which makes it safe for unpublished drafts, internal docs and AI prompts. **Title Case** follows AP/Chicago: minor words like *a, an, the, and, of, in, on, to* stay lowercase unless they are the first or last word. **Sentence case** lowercases everything and re-capitalizes the start of each sentence, preserving the pronoun "I" and its contractions. Acronyms in all-caps (NASA, HTML) are left intact in Title and Capitalize modes so you don't have to retype them. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Type or paste the text you want to convert into the left box. The tool works on a word, a sentence, or thousands of lines at once. 2. **Pick a case** - Tap UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, Capitalize Words, aLtErNaTiNg or iNvErSe. The converted text appears live on the right. 3. **Copy or chain** - Press Copy to put the result on your clipboard, or Use as input to pipe it back into the input box and apply another conversion (lowercase first, then Title Case). ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** fixing a headline pasted in shouty caps, or normalising a quote that arrived in `SENTENCE CASE`. - **Students and bloggers** applying Title Case to article titles and chapter headings without memorising the AP rule list. - **Developers** cleaning up CSV columns, log lines or label copy before it ships - paste a column, lowercase it, copy back. - **AI prompters and content teams** normalising LLM output that mixes cases, or generating playful aLtErNaTiNg text for social posts. ## Expert note Most online case converters "Title Case" every word - including *of*, *the* and *and* - which is why so much web copy reads like a 1990s yearbook. This tool follows the AP/Chicago convention: the first and last word of each line are always capitalised, plus every word that isn't in a small fixed list of articles, conjunctions and short prepositions. Tokens that are already all-uppercase (`NASA`, `HTML`, `IBM`) are preserved instead of being mangled to `Nasa`, and hyphenated compounds like `self-driving` have each segment capitalised. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this case converter free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up and no character limits. Conversion happens in your browser, so it's also fast on very large pastes. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Everything runs locally in your browser and never reaches a server, so it's safe for confidential drafts, contracts and AI prompts. ### What is the difference between Title Case and Capitalize Each Word? Title Case follows AP/Chicago style: short words like a, an, the, and, of, in, on, to stay lowercase unless they're the first or last word. Capitalize Each Word is the naive form - it capitalises every single word, even the small ones. Pick Title Case for headlines and book titles, Capitalize for slugs or labels. ### How does Sentence case decide where a sentence ends? It lowercases the whole text, then re-capitalises the first letter after a period, exclamation mark or question mark that is followed by whitespace (so abbreviations like `i.e.`, `e.g.` and `U.S.A.` stay intact internally - the periods between letters don't reset capitalisation). The pronoun "I" and contractions (I'm, I'll, I've, I'd) are preserved capitalised. Mid-text abbreviations followed by a space, like "i.e. ", are still treated as sentence breaks - there's no reliable way to disambiguate without a dictionary. ### Does it handle accents, German ß, Greek, Cyrillic? Yes. UPPERCASE and lowercase use the browser's Unicode case mapping, so é -> É, ñ -> Ñ, ß -> SS and я -> Я all work. CJK scripts, Arabic and Hebrew have no concept of letter case, so they pass through unchanged. ### Will it break my acronyms like NASA or HTML? No. Title Case and Capitalize Each Word detect tokens that are entirely uppercase (two letters or more) and leave them as-is, so a paste containing NASA, HTML or IBM stays exactly that way. ### What is aLtErNaTiNg case for? It's the mocking SpongeBob meme style - aLtErNaTiNg lowercase and uppercase letter by letter. Useful for social posts and chat humour. Non-letter characters (spaces, punctuation) pass through and don't break the rhythm. ### Can I undo or chain conversions? Yes. The input box is never modified - your original text stays put. Press Use as input to push the current result back into the input box, then apply another mode (for example, lowercase first, then Title Case). ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Certificate Generator for Printable PDF Awards" description: "Create up to 30 personalized certificates in one printable PDF. Choose a template, add names and download privately with no watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/certificate-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Certificate Generator Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How does this certificate generator work? This certificate generator turns one design and a list of recipient names into a printable, multi-page PDF. Add the award details, choose a Letter or A4 template, preview each recipient, then create up to 30 personalized certificates without uploading names or signing up. Use the live preview to check long names before export. Each non-empty line in the recipient field becomes one PDF page, while repeated names are removed to prevent accidental duplicates. The finished file uses landscape pages with selectable text, so it prints more cleanly than a screenshot. ## How to use it 1. **Add the certificate wording** - Enter a title, presentation line, achievement and optional recognition note. 2. **Paste recipient names** - Put one recipient on each line. The generator creates up to 30 unique certificate pages. 3. **Choose the design** - Select a classic, modern or academic template, paper size and accent color. 4. **Check every recipient** - Use the preview arrows to inspect names, footer details and numbering before export. 5. **Download the PDF** - Create the file locally, then download the multi-page PDF for printing or sharing. ## Who it's for - **Course instructors** creating completion certificates for a small cohort. - **Workshop hosts** recognizing attendees with one consistent, numbered design. - **Team leads** preparing appreciation or achievement awards without sharing employee names. - **Community organizers** making printable certificates for volunteers, speakers or contest winners. - **Teachers** producing classroom awards on US Letter or A4 paper. ## Expert note For the most consistent print result, choose the paper size already loaded in the printer and disable any browser or printer option that adds margins or scales the PDF to a different sheet size. ## Frequently asked questions ### Can I generate more than one certificate at once? Yes. Paste one recipient name per line and the generator creates one PDF page for each unique name, up to 30 certificates in a batch. ### Does the certificate generator add a watermark? No. The downloaded PDF has no CanDoYa watermark, account mark or promotional footer. ### Are recipient names uploaded? No. The certificate details and PDF generation stay in your browser. Nothing is sent to a server by this tool. ### Should I choose A4 or US Letter? Choose the size that matches your printer paper. Both options use landscape orientation, but A4 is slightly narrower and taller than US Letter. ### Can I make completion, appreciation or achievement certificates? Yes. The certificate title and achievement text are editable, so the same templates work for completion, recognition, participation, appreciation and award certificates. ### Can I add certificate numbers? Yes. Add an optional prefix such as COURSE-2026 and each page receives a sequential number such as COURSE-2026-01. ### What happens if a recipient name is very long? The preview and PDF reduce the recipient font size to fit within the certificate layout. Review each name with the preview arrows before downloading. ## Related tools - [PDF to Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-image/) - [Image to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/) - [PDF Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/) - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Character Counter - Count Characters Online Free" description: "Free online character counter to count characters with and without spaces instantly. Live limits for X, SMS and meta descriptions. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Character Counter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a character counter? A character counter is a free tool that counts the characters in your text, both with and without spaces, the moment you type or paste. It also tracks live word, sentence and line totals and shows how much room you have left for limited fields like an X post or SMS - all in your browser, so nothing is uploaded. The counter runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript, so your text never touches a server, there's no account, and there are no length limits beyond what your device can handle. Characters are counted as your keyboard types them, with the full-text total and the spaces-removed total shown side by side. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Type or paste your text into the box above. 2. **Read the character counts** - Characters with spaces, characters without spaces, words, sentences and lines update live as you type. 3. **Check the limits** - The limit panel shows how many characters you have left for X, SMS, a meta description or an Instagram caption, turning red when you go over. ## Who it's for - **Social media managers** fitting a post inside the 280-character X limit or a 2,200-character Instagram caption. - **SEO writers** keeping a meta description near 160 characters so it isn't truncated. - **Anyone texting** who wants to stay within a single 160-character SMS segment. - **Students and applicants** trimming an answer to a strict character cap. ## Expert note We count characters as UTF-16 code units - the same unit a textarea's maxlength uses and what most web forms enforce - so a plain letter is 1 and many emoji count as 2. Platforms differ on the fine print: X weights some characters and URLs specially, and an SMS that contains any non-GSM character drops from 160 to 70 characters per segment, so treat the limit panel as a close guide rather than the platform's exact verdict. ## Frequently asked questions ### Does it count characters with and without spaces? Yes. Both totals are shown side by side, so you can match whichever one a form or assignment asks for. ### Is the character counter free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Everything is processed locally in your browser; your text never leaves your device. ### How are emoji and other symbols counted? Characters are counted as UTF-16 code units, so a single emoji often counts as 2. That matches how a textarea's maxlength and many platforms count, though some platforms vary. ### What character limits does it track? X / Twitter posts (280), a single SMS segment (160), meta descriptions (160) and Instagram captions (2,200). Each shows how many characters you have left. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Chart Maker - Bar, Line and Pie Charts" description: "Make bar, line, and pie charts online from your own labels and values. Customize colors, preview live, and export PNG or SVG with no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/chart-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Chart Maker Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an online chart maker? An online chart maker turns a small table of labels and numbers into a visual bar, line, or pie chart. Enter your data, choose the chart type, adjust colors, and export a PNG or SVG. The preview updates in your browser, with no account or spreadsheet software needed. Use this editor when you already know the values and need a clean visual quickly. Each row has its own label, value, and color, so you can build a presentation-ready chart without configuring spreadsheet ranges. Your data and chart rendering stay on your device. Bar charts compare separate categories, line charts show an ordered trend, and pie charts show how positive values divide one total. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your data** - Edit the labels, values, and colors in the chart data table, or load the example. 2. **Choose a chart type** - Switch between bar, line, and pie while the preview updates live. 3. **Adjust the display** - Add or remove rows, name the chart, and choose whether to show values and the legend. 4. **Export the result** - Download a PNG for everyday use or SVG for a scalable, editable graphic. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** illustrating survey results, experiments, or class projects. - **Small businesses** comparing sales, costs, leads, or sign-ups in a report. - **Presenters** creating a quick visual for slides without opening a spreadsheet. - **Writers and marketers** exporting a crisp SVG or PNG for a post, document, or newsletter. ## Expert note Pie charts encode values as angles, which makes close comparisons harder than aligned bars. Use pie for a few clearly different shares of one total; use bar when precise comparison matters. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my chart data uploaded? No. Your labels, values, colors, preview, and exports are processed locally in your browser. You do not upload the data to a chart service or save it to an account. ### Is the chart maker free? Yes. You can create bar, line, and pie charts, customize their colors, and export PNG or SVG without signing up, paying, or adding a watermark. ### How many data points can I add? You can add up to 20 data points. That limit keeps labels and values readable in the fixed-size export. If you have a larger dataset, summarize it first or use the CSV to Chart tool for column-based data. ### Which chart type should I choose? Choose a bar chart to compare categories, a line chart for values in a meaningful order such as months, and a pie chart for nonnegative values that represent parts of one whole. ### Can a pie chart contain negative values? No. A negative value cannot represent a slice of a whole, so the tool asks you to change the value or select bar or line. Zero values are allowed but do not create visible slices. ### What is the difference between PNG and SVG? PNG is a fixed-size image that works well in slides, documents, and social posts. SVG is a vector graphic that remains sharp at any size and can be edited in compatible design software. ### Can I use decimal or negative numbers? Yes. Bar and line charts accept integers, decimals, scientific notation, zero, and negative values. Pie charts accept zero and positive numbers only because every slice must be part of a positive total. ## Related tools - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/) - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/) - [Markdown Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-table-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Green Screen Video Remover - Chroma Key" description: "Remove a green screen from video online with live chroma key controls. Export transparent WebM locally with no upload, account, or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/chroma-key-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Green Screen Video Remover Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do I remove a green screen from a video? Use this green screen video remover to choose a local clip, select green, blue, or a custom backdrop color, then tune similarity and edge softness. A frame preview shows the transparent result before the browser creates a VP8 WebM with alpha. Your source video is never uploaded. This chroma key video editor uses FFmpeg's RGB color-key filter in your browser. Pixels near the selected key color become transparent, while edge softness creates a gradual alpha transition around fine details. The final WebM uses VP8 because standard MP4 video does not carry transparency in this workflow. The WebAssembly engine downloads only after you start an export. Encoding then runs locally in the current tab. A 60-second limit and device-aware file cap reduce the chance of exhausting browser memory. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a short video** - Drop an MP4, MOV, WebM, or another common video clip that is 60 seconds or shorter. 2. **Select the screen color** - Start with Green or Blue, or use the color control for another solid backdrop. 3. **Refine the matte** - Play or scrub the source while adjusting Similarity and Edge softness in the transparent frame preview. 4. **Export transparent WebM** - Choose resolution and quality, start the local export, then download the VP8 WebM when it finishes. ## Who it's for - **Video creators** can remove an evenly lit green backdrop before layering a presenter over a scene in a compatible editor. - **Teachers and trainers** can prepare transparent speaker clips for slides, demos, and course videos. - **Product teams** can turn green-screen recordings into reusable overlays for announcements and walkthroughs. - **Motion designers** can create a quick WebM alpha asset without sending unfinished footage to a server. ## Expert note Raise Similarity only until the screen disappears, then add a small amount of Edge softness. An aggressive threshold can erase clothes, props, or reflected highlights that share the backdrop color, while excessive softness can make the subject look translucent. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my green screen video uploaded? No. The source stays in a browser file object and is processed by a local WebAssembly build of FFmpeg. The browser downloads engine files from a public CDN on first use, but your video is not sent with that request. Closing or reloading the tab clears the working files. ### Is this green screen video remover free? Yes. You can preview the chroma key, adjust the key color, similarity, edge softness, resolution, and quality, then export and download without an account or watermark. Practical limits come from the memory and processing power available to your browser rather than a server upload quota. ### What are the video length and file size limits? A clip can be up to 60 seconds. The conservative file cap is 100 MB on mobile or low-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and up to 500 MB on a high-memory desktop. Transparent WebM encoding is demanding, so shorter 720p clips are the safest starting point. ### What does chroma key similarity mean? Similarity controls the RGB color-distance threshold around the selected key. A low value removes only colors very close to the chosen green, blue, or custom color. A higher value handles uneven lighting but can also remove foreground pixels with a similar hue, so increase it gradually while watching the preview. ### What does edge softness do in a chroma key? Edge softness blends alpha from transparent to opaque outside the similarity threshold. A small value can smooth hair and anti-aliased edges that would otherwise look jagged. Too much softness creates a faint or translucent rim, so use the lowest value that removes a hard cutout. ### Why does the result download as WebM instead of MP4? The result needs an alpha channel to preserve transparent pixels. VP8 in a WebM container supports that workflow, while ordinary H.264 MP4 export does not preserve transparency. Import the WebM into an editor that supports transparent WebM. Some browser video players may preview transparent areas as black. ### Will this remove a background without a green screen? Only when the background is a fairly uniform color. Chroma key removes pixels by color distance; it does not recognize people or objects like an AI segmentation model. For the cleanest result, use an evenly lit green or blue screen with separation between the subject and backdrop. ## Related tools - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Crop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "IP Range to CIDR Converter for IPv4 and IPv6" description: "Convert an IPv4 or IPv6 range to the smallest exact CIDR list, or expand a CIDR block to its first and last address. Free and private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/cidr-range-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # IP Range to CIDR Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an IP range to CIDR converter do? An IP range to CIDR converter turns inclusive start and end addresses into the smallest set of aligned CIDR blocks that covers the range exactly. It also expands IPv4 or IPv6 CIDR notation into its normalized first address, last address, and total address count, all inside your browser. CIDR blocks must start on binary boundaries and contain a power-of-two number of addresses. This calculator uses exact integer arithmetic for both 32-bit IPv4 and 128-bit IPv6. It never enumerates individual addresses, so even very large ranges are converted quickly without uploading your network plan. ## How to use it 1. **Enter both endpoints** - Type the inclusive start and end IPv4 or IPv6 addresses in the Range to CIDR mode. 2. **Review the minimal block list** - The result updates with the fewest aligned CIDR blocks that cover every address and nothing outside the range. 3. **Copy the CIDRs** - Copy the newline-separated list for a firewall, route table, cloud policy, or configuration file. 4. **Reverse the calculation** - Switch to CIDR to range to normalize one prefix and see its exact first address, last address, and count. ## Who it's for - **Security engineers** converting provider IP spans into exact firewall, allowlist, and access-control entries. - **Cloud and DevOps teams** preparing compact CIDR lists for security groups, Terraform, and routing policy. - **Network administrators** checking whether a quoted start-to-end range aligns to one prefix or needs several blocks. - **Developers** expanding IPv4 or IPv6 CIDRs while testing parsers, validators, and IP address management code. ## Expert note The greedy conversion is minimal because each step chooses the largest power-of-two block that is aligned at the current address and does not cross the ending address. An off-boundary span such as 192.168.1.5 through 192.168.1.130 therefore needs several blocks, while 192.168.1.0 through 192.168.1.255 collapses to one /24. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my IP addresses or network ranges uploaded? No. IPv4 and IPv6 parsing, block alignment, and range conversion happen locally in your browser. This tool does not send your addresses to a calculation API or save the network plan you enter. ### Is the IP range to CIDR converter free? Yes. You can convert ranges and CIDR blocks without an account, payment, download, or calculation limit. The converter uses built-in browser arithmetic and does not depend on a paid network service. ### What range sizes does the calculator support? It supports the full IPv4 space from 0.0.0.0/0 and the full 128-bit IPv6 space from ::/0. Address counts use exact integer arithmetic, including the 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses in an IPv6 /0. ### Does it support both IPv4 and IPv6? Yes. Range mode accepts two addresses from the same version, and CIDR mode accepts prefixes from /0 to /32 for IPv4 or /0 to /128 for IPv6. Compressed IPv6 notation such as 2001:db8::1 is supported. ### Why can one IP range produce several CIDR blocks? One CIDR block must contain a power-of-two number of addresses and begin on a matching binary boundary. If the requested range starts off that boundary or has another length, several blocks are required to cover it exactly without including extra addresses. ### Does the result include both range endpoints? Yes. The start and end addresses are inclusive. A range with identical endpoints becomes one IPv4 /32 or IPv6 /128 block, and the address count is one. ### How is this different from the IPv4 subnet calculator? This converter starts with two endpoints and finds the smallest exact CIDR list, or expands one IPv4 or IPv6 CIDR. The IPv4 subnet calculator instead starts with a host and prefix or subnet mask, then reports broadcast, wildcard mask, and usable-host details. ## Related tools - [IPv4 Subnet Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator/) - [Number Base Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/) - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Cron Expression Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/) - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Circle Crop Image - Round Photo Maker" description: "Circle crop an image into a round profile photo with a draggable frame and transparent PNG download. Private, free, and no upload required." url: https://candoya.com/tools/circle-crop/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Circle Crop Image Tool Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does a circle crop tool do? A circle crop tool turns a rectangular photo into a round image with transparent corners. Add a JPG, PNG, or WebP, position the circular frame around a face or logo, choose the output size, and download a clean PNG without sending the original image to a server. The editor processes the photo on your device and shows the exact circular composition before export. The downloaded PNG has a square canvas with transparent pixels outside the circle, so it sits cleanly over slides, documents, websites, and colored backgrounds. ## How to use it 1. **Add a photo** - Drop a JPG, PNG, or WebP into the tool, choose one from your device, or load the example portrait. 2. **Frame the circle** - Drag the circular selection over the subject and use the diameter control to include more or less of the image. 3. **Pick an output size** - Choose 256, 512, or 1024 pixels, or enter a custom size from 32 to 4096 pixels. 4. **Create and download** - Generate the round preview, then copy it or download the transparent PNG. ## Who it's for - **Social media users** can frame a face before uploading a profile photo to Discord, Slack, LinkedIn, or another platform. - **Teams and communities** can make consistent round headshots for directories, speaker lists, and member pages. - **Designers** can create transparent circular logos, badges, stickers, and testimonial portraits without opening a full photo editor. - **Students and office teams** can prepare round photos for resumes, presentations, and organization charts. ## Expert note Leave a little space between a face and the circle edge: many profile platforms add their own ring or shrink the uploaded image, so a tightly framed head can look cramped after upload. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my photo uploaded anywhere? No. Your browser reads, crops, previews, and exports the image on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the selected photo or the resulting PNG, although normal site analytics may still record that the page was visited. ### Is the circle crop tool free? Yes. You can make and download round images without an account, subscription, watermark, or usage quota. Your device memory and browser capabilities set the practical limit for unusually large images. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The tool accepts JPG, PNG, and WebP files up to 50 MB. Images may be up to 16,384 pixels on either side and 50 megapixels total. It exports a transparent PNG from 32 to 4096 pixels square. ### How do I make a round profile picture? Add your photo, drag the circle until the face is centered, adjust the diameter to leave some breathing room, and choose a suitable output size. Create the crop, inspect the preview, then download the transparent PNG for your profile. ### Why does the downloaded file still have square dimensions? PNG files use rectangular pixel canvases. The pixels outside the circular photo are transparent, so the visible image is round even though its file dimensions are square. Apps that support transparency will show the background through those corners. ### What output size should I choose? A 512 by 512 pixel PNG is a practical default for most online avatars. Choose 256 pixels for small web use or 1024 pixels when you want more detail for high-density screens, presentations, or future resizing. ### Can I crop a logo into a circle? Yes. Position the frame around the logo and leave enough space near the edge, especially if the destination adds a border. Exporting as PNG keeps the corners transparent and preserves transparent areas already present in the source image. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Image to WebP](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Click Speed Test - Measure CPS Online" description: "Take a free click speed test to measure clicks per second with a mouse, touch, or pen. Pick a timer and get an instant CPS result in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/click-speed-test/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Click Speed Test Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What is a click speed test? A click speed test measures how many primary mouse clicks or taps you produce in a fixed time. Your clicks per second score, or CPS, equals the accepted click count divided by the selected duration. Choose a timer, press the test area to start, and keep clicking until time runs out. The first accepted pointer press starts the high-resolution browser clock and counts as click one. The test uses the exact deadline instead of trusting interval ticks, so a delayed screen update cannot extend the scoring window. Inputs at or after the deadline are excluded. The first press also locks the attempt to mouse, touch, or pen. That keeps synthetic compatibility events and a second input type from inflating one result. Your personal best for each duration and input type stays in local browser storage. No score is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a duration** - Select a 1, 5, 10, or 30 second test. Short attempts show burst pace, while longer attempts require steadier clicking. 2. **Start with your first press** - Click or tap inside the large test area. That first accepted pointer press starts the timer and counts toward the result. 3. **Keep clicking** - Use the same mouse, touch, or pen input until the timer reaches zero. Live time, click count, and CPS update as you go. 4. **Read the CPS result** - Review the final equation, compare the saved best for the same duration and input, then copy the result or try again. ## Who it's for - **Players** measuring repeat-click pace before a gaming session without relying on an unverified leaderboard. - **Mouse owners** checking whether primary-button presses register consistently during rapid use. - **Mobile users** comparing tap pace across repeated tests on the same touchscreen. - **Friends and classmates** running the same duration on similar devices for a simple timing challenge. ## Expert note Compare CPS only when duration, device, browser, input method, and clicking technique stay the same. A one-second burst and a 30-second endurance result measure different kinds of pace, while mouse debounce and browser event delivery can shift both. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this click speed test free? Yes. You can run unlimited click speed tests for free with no sign-up, download, or attempt limit. Choose any available duration and repeat the test as often as you like on a mouse, touchscreen, or pen-enabled device. ### Are my CPS results uploaded? No. Timing, click counting, CPS calculation, and personal-best comparison all run locally in your browser. A best score is saved only in local browser storage for the same duration and input type. You can remove it by clearing site data. ### How many clicks can the test count? There is no artificial click limit. The result depends on how many primary-pointer events your device, operating system, and browser deliver before the exact deadline. Automated clickers can create unrealistic numbers, so this tool does not present scores as verified records or global rankings. ### How is CPS calculated? CPS equals the total accepted clicks divided by the selected duration in seconds. For example, 32 clicks in a 5-second test equals 6.4 CPS. The final score always uses the chosen duration, even if a browser redraw happens slightly after the deadline. ### Does the first click count? Yes. The first accepted primary mouse click, touch tap, or pen tap starts the timer and counts as click one. This avoids a separate start button and matches the timing rule shown before every attempt. ### Can I take the CPS test on mobile? Yes. The test accepts primary touch taps through the browser Pointer Events API and locks the attempt to touch after the first tap. For a fair comparison, compare mobile results with other touch results at the same duration instead of mixing them with mouse scores. ### Can I use the keyboard for the click speed test? No. Keyboard presses do not count because this page measures pointer input only. The duration, reset, and copy controls remain keyboard accessible, but scoring requires primary mouse clicks, touch taps, or pen taps inside the test area. ### Why can CPS scores vary between attempts? Short tests amplify small timing changes, while longer tests add fatigue and rhythm. Mouse debounce, touchscreen processing, browser scheduling, system load, and technique also affect event delivery. Use several attempts on the same setup and compare like with like. ## Related tools - [Reaction Time Test](https://candoya.com/tools/reaction-time-test/) - [Typing Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/) - [Maze Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/maze-generator/) - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Clipboard Inspector - See Every Copied Format" description: "Free clipboard inspector to see every format on your clipboard - plain text, HTML, images and custom types - with byte sizes and previews. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/clipboard-inspector/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Clipboard Inspector Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a clipboard inspector? A clipboard inspector is a tool that shows every data format currently on your clipboard - not just the plain text you see when you paste, but the HTML, rich text, images, URLs and custom formats copied alongside it. Each format is listed with its MIME type, byte size and a live preview. When you copy something, most apps put several versions of it on the clipboard at once - a web page copy usually carries both styled `text/html` and a fallback `text/plain`, and the app you paste into picks whichever it prefers. This inspector reveals all of them so you can see exactly what will paste and why formatting sometimes carries over when you did not expect it. Everything runs entirely in your browser. Your clipboard is read locally with the paste event or the browser's Clipboard API and is never uploaded, logged, or sent anywhere. ## How to use it 1. **Copy something** - Copy text, a link, an image, or a chunk of a web page from any app. 2. **Paste into the box** - Click the paste area and press Ctrl+V (Cmd+V on Mac), or use the Read clipboard button. 3. **Inspect the formats** - Read each format's MIME type, size, character and line counts, and preview - render HTML or view the source. ## Who it's for - **Developers** debugging copy and paste, drag and drop, or a rich-text editor - confirm which MIME types and custom web formats an app actually writes. - **Writers and editors** who want to know why pasted text arrives with unwanted styling, and whether a plain-text version is available. - **Curious users** who simply want to see what is really on their clipboard right now, including hidden HTML and image data. ## Expert note A single copy almost always produces multiple formats: copying from a browser typically yields text/html (the styled markup), text/plain (a stripped fallback), and sometimes a text/uri-list. Apps negotiate which one to accept, which is why the same paste looks styled in one editor and plain in another. ## Frequently asked questions ### Why does my clipboard have both HTML and plain text? Apps write several formats for one copy so the destination can choose. A browser copy stores text/html to preserve styling and text/plain as a fallback for apps that only accept plain text. The inspector lists every version present. ### Can it read images and files on the clipboard? Yes. Pasted or copied images (PNG, JPEG, GIF, WebP and more) show a thumbnail preview with their pixel dimensions and byte size. Binary data with no text representation is listed with its type and size. ### Is my clipboard data private? Completely. The tool reads your clipboard locally in the browser and processes everything on your device. Nothing is uploaded, stored, or transmitted to any server. ### Why is the Read clipboard button blocked? The Clipboard API needs permission and a secure context, and some browsers restrict it. If reading is blocked, click the paste box and press Ctrl+V (Cmd+V on Mac) instead - the paste path always works. ### Does it work on mobile? Yes. Tap the paste box to focus it, then use your keyboard's paste option. Mobile browsers may expose fewer formats than desktop, since some rich and custom types are desktop-only. ## Related tools - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CMYK to RGB Converter - Live Color Preview" description: "Convert CMYK percentages to RGB and HEX instantly. Preview print colors on screen, inspect the formula and copy results in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/cmyk-to-rgb/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CMYK to RGB Converter Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a CMYK to RGB converter? A CMYK to RGB converter turns cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink percentages into red, green and blue screen values. Enter the four CMYK channels to see a live color preview, copy RGB or HEX output and inspect the exact profile-free formula used for the estimate. CMYK describes ink coverage for print, while RGB describes emitted light on a screen. This converter applies the standard device-independent math in your browser, so your values are never uploaded. **Use the result as a fast digital preview**, not as a press proof. Paper, ink, calibration and an ICC profile can all change how the physical color appears. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the CMYK percentages** - Set cyan, magenta, yellow and key values from 0 to 100 using the sliders or number fields. 2. **Check the screen preview** - The swatch, rounded RGB channels and six-digit HEX value update immediately. 3. **Copy the format you need** - Copy the CSS rgb() value, HEX code or plain channel values with one click. 4. **Review the formula** - Open the conversion math to see how each CMYK channel and black value produced the result. ## Who it's for - **Brand designers** turning a print color specification into a starting point for web graphics. - **Print teams** sharing a quick screen preview of supplied CMYK values with clients. - **Front-end developers** converting style-guide ink percentages into RGB and HEX values for prototypes. - **Students** tracing how subtractive ink channels map to additive screen channels. ## Expert note The simple conversion uses R = 255 x (1 - C) x (1 - K), with equivalent equations for green and blue. It assumes ideal inks on white paper, so an ICC-aware design app may produce different values for a specific press and stock. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this CMYK to RGB converter free? Yes. You can convert as many CMYK colors as you need without an account, download or usage limit. The RGB, HEX, preview and formula breakdown are all available for free. ### Are my CMYK values uploaded? No. The conversion runs locally in your browser with simple JavaScript math. Your CMYK values do not need to be sent to a server, so the result appears immediately on your device. ### What CMYK values can I enter? Enter cyan, magenta, yellow and key percentages from 0 to 100. Decimal percentages are accepted. The converter flags empty, non-numeric and out-of-range values instead of silently changing them. ### What is the CMYK to RGB formula? First divide each CMYK percentage by 100. Then calculate R = 255 x (1 - C) x (1 - K), G = 255 x (1 - M) x (1 - K), and B = 255 x (1 - Y) x (1 - K). Round each result to a whole number. ### Why does the RGB preview differ from my printed color? CMYK and RGB are device-dependent color spaces. This converter uses a profile-free mathematical estimate, while an actual press depends on its ink, paper, calibration, rendering intent and ICC profile. Use color-managed design software for production proofing. ### Does 100% black always produce RGB black? Yes in this mathematical model. When K is 100%, the shared factor (1 - K) becomes zero, so red, green and blue all become 0 regardless of the cyan, magenta and yellow values. ## Related tools - [RGB to CMYK Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-cmyk/) - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Blindness Simulator for Images" description: "Color blindness simulator for images with protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia and achromatopsia views. Private, free and browser-based." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-blindness-simulator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Color Blindness Simulator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a color blindness simulator? A color blindness simulator changes an image to approximate how colors may appear with protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia or achromatopsia. Upload a design or photo, choose a vision type and compare both views side by side. Processing stays in your browser, so the image is not uploaded. Use the strength control to inspect a milder or full simulation, then copy or download the transformed image for a design review. **Your image stays on your device**; the browser reads its pixels, applies the selected transform and renders the result locally. A simulation can reveal color pairs that collapse into similar tones, but it does not certify accessibility. Pair this check with contrast measurements, text labels, icons, patterns and user testing. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Upload a PNG, JPG, WebP or AVIF file, drag it into the drop zone, or load the built-in color example. 2. **Select a vision type** - Compare protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia or achromatopsia, then adjust the simulation strength if needed. 3. **Review both views** - Inspect the original and simulated canvases side by side. Look for controls, labels or chart series that become hard to tell apart. 4. **Save the result** - Copy the simulated image to the clipboard or download it as a PNG for review notes and issue reports. ## Who it's for - **Product designers** checking whether status colors, charts and controls remain distinguishable without hue alone. - **Front-end developers** reviewing screenshots before adding labels, patterns or stronger contrast. - **Data visualization teams** finding series colors that merge under red-green or blue-yellow deficiencies. - **Teachers and creators** comparing how photos, diagrams and learning materials may be perceived. ## Expert note The simulation applies the full-severity Machado, Oliveira and Fernandes color-vision-deficiency matrices in linear RGB, then blends toward the original for lower strengths. It is useful for spotting risky color dependence, but individual perception varies and the result is not a diagnosis. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded? No. Your browser decodes the image, transforms its pixels and creates the preview locally. The tool does not send the file to a server. If the image is sensitive, you can use the simulator without creating an account or saving it online. ### Is the color blindness simulator free? Yes. You can upload images, switch between the available simulation modes, change the strength and download results for free. There is no sign-up and no per-day usage limit. ### What image limits apply? The simulator accepts PNG, JPG, WebP and AVIF files up to 20 MB and 32 million pixels. Very large images are scaled for the on-page preview, while the downloaded PNG is rendered from the original image dimensions. ### Which types of color blindness can I simulate? The tool includes protanopia, deuteranopia and tritanopia, plus an achromatopsia view. Protanopia and deuteranopia affect red-green discrimination, while tritanopia affects blue-yellow discrimination. Achromatopsia is shown as a no-color approximation. ### Is this simulation medically accurate? No simulator can reproduce one person's exact perception. This tool uses an established mathematical model to support design review, not medical screening or diagnosis. Perception varies with the type and severity of color vision deficiency, the display and viewing conditions. ### Does a good simulated result mean my design is accessible? Not by itself. A design should also meet relevant contrast requirements and avoid using color as the only cue. Add text, icons, shapes or patterns where meaning could disappear, and include disabled, hover, focus and error states in your review. ### Can I use the simulator offline? After the page has loaded, the image processing itself does not need an upload or remote conversion service. Browser caching determines whether the whole page can reopen without a network connection. ## Related tools - [WCAG Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/wcag-contrast-checker/) - [Accessible Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Image Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Contrast Checker - WCAG AA & AAA" description: "Free WCAG color contrast checker. Enter a text and background color to get the contrast ratio and instant AA & AAA pass/fail for normal and large text." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Color Contrast Checker Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a color contrast checker? A color contrast checker measures the contrast ratio between a text color and its background and tells you whether it meets WCAG accessibility standards. It returns a ratio from 1:1 to 21:1, then shows pass or fail for AA and AAA at both normal and large text sizes. The checker uses the official WCAG relative-luminance formula, so its numbers match the WebAIM checker and most accessibility audits. Everything runs in your browser - your colors are never uploaded, and there are no limits. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your colors** - Type a hex code, rgb() value or CSS color name for the text and background, or pick them with the color swatches. 2. **Read the ratio** - The contrast ratio updates live, with a preview of your text on its background. 3. **Check the badges** - Each badge shows pass or fail for WCAG AA and AAA at normal and large text sizes. ## Who it's for - **Designers** testing brand colors before they reach development. - **Front-end developers** checking button, link and label colors against WCAG AA. - **Accessibility auditors** documenting contrast failures with exact ratios. - **Content and email teams** confirming text stays readable on colored backgrounds. ## Expert note This tool truncates the ratio rather than rounding up (the WebAIM convention), so small differences matter: #767676 on white is 4.54:1 and passes AA, but #777777 is 4.47:1 and fails - even though the two grays look nearly identical. Always check the exact figure, not a rounded one. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the color contrast checker free? Yes - it's 100% free with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### What contrast ratio do I need for WCAG AA? WCAG 2.1 Level AA requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. Level AAA raises that to 7:1 for normal text and 4.5:1 for large text. ### What counts as large text? Large text is at least 18pt (about 24px) at a regular weight, or 14pt (about 18.66px) when bold. Large text is allowed a lower contrast ratio because bigger glyphs are easier to read. ### How is the contrast ratio calculated? It's (L1 + 0.05) / (L2 + 0.05), where L1 and L2 are the relative luminance of the lighter and darker colors. Luminance is computed from the sRGB red, green and blue channels per the WCAG 2.x definition. ### Does it support hex, RGB and color names? Yes. You can enter 3-, 4-, 6- or 8-digit hex, rgb() and rgba() values, or any CSS color name such as 'teal'. You can also pick colors with the native color swatch. ### Why does the same ratio sometimes pass and sometimes fail? The required ratio depends on text size and the level you target. A 3.5:1 ratio fails AA for normal text but passes AA for large text, so always check against the size and level you actually use. ## Related tools - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Harmony Wheel - Build Color Schemes" description: "Use an interactive color harmony wheel to create complementary, analogous, triadic, tetradic, split-complementary, and square color schemes." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-harmony-wheel/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Color Harmony Wheel Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a color harmony wheel? A color harmony wheel maps geometric relationships between hues so you can build a coordinated color scheme from one base color. Choose a harmony rule, then adjust hue, saturation, and lightness live. The wheel plots every result and gives you copyable HEX, RGB, HSL, and CSS values. The wheel uses the sRGB HSL color model used by browsers. It runs locally with no image upload or account. Complementary colors sit opposite each other, while triadic and square schemes divide the hue circle into equal parts. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a base color** - Enter a HEX value, use the color picker, or click a point on the wheel. 2. **Select a harmony** - Compare complementary, analogous, split-complementary, triadic, tetradic, and square geometry. 3. **Tune the palette** - Adjust saturation and lightness while the wheel markers and color values update live. 4. **Export the result** - Copy an individual HEX value, copy the full CSS block, or download it as a CSS file. ## Who it's for - **Interface designers** can establish a base, accent, and supporting colors before checking contrast. - **Brand teams** can explore balanced alternatives around an approved core color. - **Illustrators** can compare calm analogous schemes with more energetic complementary or triadic sets. - **Front-end developers** can copy a finished harmony directly as CSS custom properties. ## Expert note Tetradic and square are not the same rule here: tetradic uses two complementary pairs with alternating 60 and 120 degree gaps, while square uses four even 90 degree gaps. In either scheme, choose one dominant color instead of giving all four equal visual weight. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this color harmony wheel free? Yes. You can use every harmony rule, copy colors, and download CSS without signing up or paying. There is no usage limit because the color calculations run in your browser instead of on a metered server. ### Are my colors uploaded? No. Your base color, wheel selection, and generated palette stay in your browser. CanDoYa does not need to upload an image or send your chosen colors to a processing service. ### What limits does the color wheel have? The wheel works with opaque sRGB colors expressed as HEX, RGB, and HSL. It does not simulate paint mixing, spot inks, CMYK output, display gamut differences, or how colors look under changing physical light. ### How do complementary colors work? Complementary colors sit 180 degrees apart on the hue circle. They create strong color contrast, but that does not guarantee readable text contrast. Check foreground and background pairs with a WCAG contrast checker before using them in an interface. ### What is the difference between analogous and triadic colors? Analogous colors sit close together, here at 30 degrees on either side of the base, so they tend to feel related and calm. Triadic colors are 120 degrees apart, producing three distinct hues with more energy and separation. ### How are tetradic and square color schemes different? Both use four colors. A tetradic rectangle combines two complementary pairs with unequal gaps, while a square places all four hues 90 degrees apart. The square is more evenly spaced; the rectangle gives you two closer hue relationships to develop. ### Can I use the generated colors in CSS? Yes. Copy the CSS block or download it as a file. The export creates numbered custom properties such as --harmony-1 and --harmony-2, which you can rename to semantic tokens like --brand, --accent, or --surface. ## Related tools - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Triadic Color Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/triadic-colors/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Mixer - Blend Colors Online" description: "Mix two colors online at any ratio. Preview the result live and copy its HEX, RGB, HSL or CSS value without uploads or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-mixer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Color Mixer Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a color mixer? A color mixer blends two digital colors in a ratio you choose and shows the resulting color instantly. Pick or paste two HEX values, move the mix slider, then copy the result as HEX, RGB, HSL or a CSS variable. The calculation runs entirely in your browser. This mixer calculates a weighted average of the red, green and blue channels in two sRGB colors. At 50%, both colors contribute equally. Move toward either end to keep more of that source color. **Your colors stay on your device**, and every output is ready to paste into a design file or stylesheet. Digital RGB blending is different from mixing paint. Pigments absorb light and can produce a darker or less saturated result, while this tool gives a precise screen-color blend for websites, interfaces and other digital work. ## How to use it 1. **Choose two colors** - Use each color picker or paste a 3- or 6-digit HEX value into the Color A and Color B fields. 2. **Set the mix ratio** - Drag the slider toward A or B. The preview and every color value update immediately. 3. **Copy the result** - Copy the mixed color as HEX, RGB, HSL or a ready-to-use CSS custom property. ## Who it's for - **UI designers** finding a balanced state between two brand or interface colors. - **Front-end developers** creating a reusable CSS value between existing design tokens. - **Illustrators and creators** testing digital color combinations before building a palette. - **Students** exploring how RGB channel values change as proportions shift. ## Expert note This tool averages the encoded sRGB channel values and rounds each channel to the nearest integer. A 50:50 mix of #ff0000 and #0000ff is therefore #800080, while a physical red-and-blue paint mixture may look very different. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this color mixer free? Yes. The color mixer is free to use with no account, download or usage limit. Choose two colors, adjust the ratio and copy as many results as you need. ### Are my colors uploaded anywhere? No. The color values are mixed with JavaScript in your browser. Nothing you enter is uploaded to a server, so you can safely test unpublished brand or product colors. ### How many colors can I mix? This tool mixes two colors at a time so you can control their relationship precisely. To combine a third color, copy the first mixed result into one input and mix it with the next color. ### How does the color mixer calculate the result? It converts both HEX colors to red, green and blue channel values, applies the selected percentage to each channel, adds the contributions and rounds to the nearest whole number. The result is then converted to HEX, RGB and HSL. ### Does this show what two paint colors will make? No. This is a digital sRGB mixer for colors shown on screens. Paint uses subtractive pigment mixing, which depends on real materials, concentration and lighting, so a physical mixture can be darker or shift in hue. ### Can I mix shorthand HEX colors? Yes. You can enter a 3-digit value such as #f06 or a 6-digit value such as #ff0066, with or without the leading #. Shorthand values expand to their normal 6-digit form. ## Related tools - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Palette Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free color palette generator: turn one base color into complementary, analogous, triadic or monochromatic schemes and copy the hex codes. No sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Color Palette Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a color palette generator? A color palette generator builds a matching color scheme from one base color using color-wheel theory. Pick or type a hex color, choose a harmony like complementary, analogous, triadic or monochromatic, and it computes the coordinated colors instantly - each with a copyable hex code. Everything runs in your browser. Guessing which colors go together wastes design time. This generator applies the **classic color-wheel harmonies** - the same hue relationships taught in color theory - so every palette is mathematically coordinated, not eyeballed. Click any swatch to copy its hex code, or copy the whole palette as ready-to-paste CSS custom properties. It is fully client-side: no account, no upload, no tracking of your brand colors. ## How to use it 1. **Set your base color** - Click the color well to pick visually, type a hex code like #6366f1, or hit Random for a fresh starting point. 2. **Choose a harmony** - Switch between complementary, split-complementary, analogous, triadic, tetradic, monochromatic, shades and tints. The palette recomputes instantly. 3. **Copy the colors** - Click any swatch to copy that hex code, or use the Copy button to grab the whole palette as CSS variables. ## Who it's for - **Web designers** starting a site from a single brand color: generate analogous or split-complementary companions for backgrounds, buttons and accents. - **Front-end developers** who need a design-token starter: copy the palette as CSS variables and drop it straight into a stylesheet. - **Marketers and slide builders** matching charts, social graphics or presentations to a logo color without a design tool. - **Illustrators and hobbyists** exploring shades and tints of one hue to build depth, highlights and shadows in a piece. ## Expert note Harmonies are computed by rotating the hue on the HSL color wheel (complementary +180, triadic +120/+240, tetradic +90 steps) while keeping your base color's saturation and lightness - so a muted base yields a muted palette. Grays have no hue to rotate, which is why hue harmonies barely change them; use shades or tints for neutral bases. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this color palette generator free? Yes - 100% free with no sign-up, no watermarks and no limits. Generate and copy as many palettes as you like, for personal or commercial projects. ### Is my color data uploaded anywhere? No. The palette is computed entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript. Your brand colors, inputs and clicks are never sent to a server. ### What is a complementary color? The complementary color sits directly opposite your base on the color wheel - a 180-degree hue rotation. Complementary pairs like blue and orange give the strongest contrast, which makes them popular for call-to-action buttons against a brand background. ### What is the difference between analogous and triadic palettes? Analogous palettes use neighboring hues (within about 30 degrees of the base), so they feel calm and cohesive. Triadic palettes take three hues spaced 120 degrees apart, giving a vibrant, balanced scheme with more contrast between colors. ### What are shades and tints? Shades darken your base color by stepping its lightness toward black; tints lighten it toward white. Both keep the same hue and saturation, so they are ideal for hover states, borders and background layers of one brand color. ### How many colors should a website palette have? A common rule is 60-30-10: one dominant color for about 60% of the interface, a secondary for 30%, and an accent for 10%. Start from a 3-5 color harmony here, then add shades and tints of each for states and surfaces. ### Why does the palette barely change for gray or black? Grays, black and white have zero saturation, so they have no hue for the harmony rotations to act on - rotating nothing returns the same neutral. Build a neutral ladder with the lightness modes instead: tints for black or dark grays, shades for white or light grays, and monochromatic for mid grays. ## Related tools - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Picker - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online color picker with HEX, RGB, HSL, HSV and CMYK values. Pick a color, adjust channels and copy CSS-ready formats in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Color Picker Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a color picker? A color picker is a tool for choosing an exact digital color and copying its values for design or code. Use the swatch, HEX field, RGB sliders or HSL controls, then copy HEX, RGB, HSL, HSV or CMYK values instantly. Everything runs in your browser. This color picker starts with a visual swatch, then keeps the precise numbers close by. You can paste a CSS hex value such as `#3366cc`, nudge red, green, blue and alpha channels, or tune hue, saturation and lightness for design-system work. **No color values are uploaded** - the conversions happen locally in JavaScript. ## How to use it 1. **Pick or paste a color** - Click the large swatch to open your browser color picker, or paste a 3-, 4-, 6- or 8-digit hex value into the HEX field. 2. **Adjust the channels** - Use the RGB sliders for red, green, blue and alpha, or edit hue, saturation and lightness when you want a more design-friendly control. 3. **Copy the format you need** - Copy HEX, HEX8, RGB, HSL, HSV or CMYK with one click. The preview and every output update live. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** copying CSS-ready HEX, RGB and HSL values while building interfaces. - **Designers** tuning a brand color by channel instead of guessing in a graphics app. - **Marketing teams** matching campaign colors across email builders, docs and social assets. - **Students and creators** learning how RGB, HSL, HSV and CMYK describe the same color. ## Expert note HEX and RGB are channel-first formats, while HSL is usually easier for design changes: keep the same hue, lower saturation for a muted version, or raise lightness for a tint without changing the color family. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this color picker free? Yes. The color picker is free, has no sign-up and has no usage limit. Open the page, choose a color and copy the format you need. ### Are my colors uploaded anywhere? No. The picker and conversions run in your browser with plain JavaScript. Your selected colors are not sent to a server. ### Which color formats can I copy? You can copy HEX, 8-digit HEX with alpha, RGB or RGBA, HSL or HSLA, HSV and CMYK. The tool keeps them in sync as you edit. ### Can I paste a hex color? Yes. Paste 3-digit, 4-digit, 6-digit or 8-digit CSS hex values, with or without the # symbol. Shorthand values expand using normal CSS rules. ### What is HEX8? HEX8 is an 8-digit hex color where the last pair stores alpha. For example, #3366cc80 is the same blue with about 50% opacity. ### Should I use RGB or HSL in CSS? Use RGB when you need exact channel values or alpha with rgba(). Use HSL when you want to create tints, shades or related UI states by changing saturation and lightness. ## Related tools - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Shades for Figma - Variable Scale" description: "Generate color shades for Figma from any hex. Build a named 50-950 scale, preview it, and copy variable JSON, names with HEX, or CSS." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-shades-for-figma/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Color Shades for Figma Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## How do you generate color shades for Figma? A Figma color shade generator turns one exact brand color into a named 50-950 scale for interface states and design tokens. Pick the step that preserves your source hex, inspect the light and dark previews, then copy variable-ready JSON, a name-and-HEX list, or matching CSS custom properties. A useful Figma color family needs predictable names and visually even steps, not a row of simple white and black overlays. This generator shapes lightness and chroma in **perceptual OKLCH space**, fits every result into sRGB, and preserves your selected anchor hex exactly. The JSON is a clear design-token handoff for variable plugins or scripts. Figma does not provide a universal native paste format for creating an entire variable collection, so the tool also gives you tab-separated names and HEX values for manual or plugin-assisted workflows. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the source color** - Type a 3- or 6-digit hex value or choose a color. The scale updates instantly. 2. **Name the Figma family** - Set the collection and family labels used in exported variable paths. 3. **Choose the exact anchor** - Pick which numbered step keeps your source hex unchanged. Shade 500 is the default. 4. **Inspect and copy** - Click a swatch for its HEX value, or copy the complete scale as JSON, name-and-HEX lines, or CSS variables. ## Who it's for - **Product designers** building one reusable Figma variable family for backgrounds, borders, controls, and text. - **Design-system teams** keeping Figma names aligned with production CSS tokens. - **Brand designers** expanding an approved identity color without changing its exact source hex. - **Developer handoffs** that need the same numbered values in design files and code. ## Expert note Keep semantic roles such as Action/Primary separate from primitive scales such as Indigo/600. Primitive shades describe color; semantic Figma variables describe intent and can alias those primitives differently in light and dark modes. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Figma color shade generator free? Yes. You can create, preview, and copy as many color scales as you need without an account or paid export. All three handoff formats are available in the browser. ### Is my brand color uploaded anywhere? No. The hex conversion, shade generation, naming, and export formatting run locally in your browser. Your color and token names are not sent to a processing server. ### How many Figma color shades does it generate? The tool generates 11 steps: 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 950. This familiar scale provides enough range for subtle surfaces, borders, interactions, and strong foreground colors. ### Can I import the JSON directly into Figma? Figma does not offer one universal native JSON paste format for a complete variable collection. The export is structured for handoff, scripts, and variable-import plugins, whose schemas can differ. You can always use the name-and-HEX view to create or verify variables manually. ### Why are the shades generated in OKLCH? OKLCH separates perceived lightness, chroma, and hue. That lets the generator create a more even visual progression than basic RGB or HSL mixing while reducing chroma only when a color would fall outside the sRGB display gamut. ### Does shade 500 have to be the base color? No. You can anchor the exact input at any numbered step. Pick a lighter anchor for an already pale source or a darker anchor for a deep source, then judge the complete family in context. ### Are the generated colors automatically accessible? No. Shade numbers do not guarantee WCAG contrast. Test the exact foreground and background pairs used in your Figma components, especially interactive states and mid-range colors. ## Related tools - [Tailwind Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tailwind-palette-generator/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Accessible Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color Temperature Calculator - Kelvin to RGB" description: "Convert color temperature from Kelvin to RGB and HEX with a live spectrum, common light presets and an instant screen preview." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color-temperature/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Color Temperature Calculator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a color temperature calculator? A color temperature calculator converts a Kelvin value into an approximate RGB and HEX color for screen use. Move along the spectrum or choose a common light source to compare warm candlelight, neutral daylight and cool blue light, then copy the result for a design or lighting reference. Color temperature describes the warm or cool appearance of white light. Lower values such as 1,800 K look orange, while daylight around 5,500 K to 6,500 K appears neutral and higher values shift toward blue. **The conversion runs locally in your browser**, so there is no upload or account. The mired value is the reciprocal color temperature in micro reciprocal degrees. Lighting and photography workflows use it because equal mired changes more closely match equal visible shifts than equal Kelvin changes. ## How to use it 1. **Set the temperature** - Enter a value from 1,000 K to 40,000 K, drag across the spectrum or choose a named light preset. 2. **Inspect the preview** - Read the live swatch, temperature description, RGB channels, HEX value and reciprocal mired value. 3. **Copy a color value** - Copy HEX, RGB, CSS or mired output for your design, code or lighting notes. ## Who it's for - **Photographers and videographers** comparing tungsten, daylight and overcast white-balance references. - **Lighting designers** translating a fixture's Kelvin setting into an approximate screen swatch. - **UI and web designers** exploring warm and cool white colors before choosing an interface palette. - **Smart-home users** learning how common lamp settings relate to the Kelvin scale. ## Expert note The Kelvin-to-RGB calculation is a piecewise approximation of black-body color mapped into sRGB. It is useful for visual reference, but it cannot reproduce a lamp's tint, spectral power distribution, color rendering or the calibration of your display. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the color temperature calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use with no sign-up, download or usage limit. Adjust the Kelvin value and copy as many RGB, HEX, CSS or mired results as you need. ### Is my color temperature data uploaded? No. The conversion and spectrum are calculated with JavaScript and Canvas in your browser. The Kelvin values you enter are not uploaded to a server. ### What range of color temperatures can I convert? You can convert values from 1,000 K to 40,000 K. That range covers very warm flame-like colors, common indoor lamps, daylight references and much cooler blue-sky appearances. ### How accurate is Kelvin to RGB? Kelvin to RGB is an approximate screen representation, not a physical measurement. A real source can differ because of tint, spectral distribution, color rendering, brightness, surroundings and display calibration. Use a calibrated color meter for color-critical lighting work. ### Why does a lower Kelvin value look warmer? The naming follows the appearance of heated black-body radiation. Lower values look red or orange and are called warm; higher values shift toward blue and are called cool. The temperature number rises even though the visual description changes from warm to cool. ### What is 6500 K in RGB and HEX? With this approximation, 6500 K is about rgb(255, 254, 250), or #FFFEFA. It is close to the D65 daylight white point, but an RGB triplet alone cannot fully describe a calibrated illuminant or display white. ### What is a mired value? Mired means micro reciprocal degree and equals 1,000,000 divided by the Kelvin value. Photographers and lighting technicians use mired shifts because reciprocal temperature tracks visible warm-to-cool changes more evenly than simple Kelvin differences. ## Related tools - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Color and Design Tools for Palettes and CSS" description: "Convert HEX, RGB and HSL colors, build palettes, check contrast and generate CSS gradients. Free design utilities that run locally in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/color/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Color and design tools Use the color tools to move between a design value and something you can use in a page. HEX to RGB turns #ff0000 into rgb(255, 0, 0), while HSL exposes hue, saturation and lightness for adjustments. Palette tools help create related swatches; gradient, shadow and border-radius generators give you a preview and CSS for a specific effect. The controls run locally, so you can experiment without creating an account. Contrast checks are useful when choosing text and background colors. Enter the actual foreground and background pair, including the background a translucent color will sit on. A contrast ratio measures that pair; it does not establish that an entire interface is accessible. Text size, focus indicators, non-color cues and interactive states still need review in the finished design. Color conversions have limits as well. A browser preview depends on the screen and its color handling, and a simple CMYK conversion is not a print proof with a printer profile. Keep the original color values when handing a design to a print workflow. For web work, test the generated styles in their real context: a palette that looks clear on a swatch board can behave differently with small text, photographs or dark-mode surfaces. ## Color & Design tools - [Accessible Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/): Generate a role-based accessible color palette from brand and background colors. Check WCAG AA and AAA contrast, preview roles, and copy CSS. - [Color Blindness Simulator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-blindness-simulator/): Color blindness simulator for images with protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia and achromatopsia views. Private, free and browser-based. - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/): Free WCAG color contrast checker. Enter a text and background color to get the contrast ratio and instant AA & AAA pass/fail for normal and large text. - [Complementary Colors](https://candoya.com/tools/complementary-colors/): Find the exact complementary color for any HEX, RGB, or HSL value. Preview the opposite hue, contrast ratio, and copy-ready CSS instantly. - [Color Harmony Wheel](https://candoya.com/tools/color-harmony-wheel/): Use an interactive color harmony wheel to create complementary, analogous, triadic, tetradic, split-complementary, and square color schemes. - [Dark Mode Color Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/dark-mode-color-converter/): Convert light-theme background, surface, text, and accent colors into a contrast-aware dark mode palette. Preview roles and copy CSS instantly. - [Color Mixer](https://candoya.com/tools/color-mixer/): Mix two colors online at any ratio. Preview the result live and copy its HEX, RGB, HSL or CSS value without uploads or sign-up. - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/): Free online color picker with HEX, RGB, HSL, HSV and CMYK values. Pick a color, adjust channels and copy CSS-ready formats in your browser. - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/): Free color palette generator: turn one base color into complementary, analogous, triadic or monochromatic schemes and copy the hex codes. No sign-up. - [Color Shades for Figma](https://candoya.com/tools/color-shades-for-figma/): Generate color shades for Figma from any hex. Build a named 50-950 scale, preview it, and copy variable JSON, names with HEX, or CSS. - [Color Temperature](https://candoya.com/tools/color-temperature/): Convert color temperature from Kelvin to RGB and HEX with a live spectrum, common light presets and an instant screen preview. - [CMYK to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/cmyk-to-rgb/): Convert CMYK percentages to RGB and HEX instantly. Preview print colors on screen, inspect the formula and copy results in your browser. - [CSS Border Radius Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-border-radius-generator/): Free CSS border radius generator with live preview, per-corner controls, elliptical slash syntax and copyable CSS. No sign-up. - [CSS Box Shadow Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-box-shadow-generator/): Free CSS box shadow generator with layered shadows, inset mode, live preview and clean copyable CSS. Build card, button and panel shadows online. - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/): Free CSS gradient generator: build linear, radial and conic gradients with color stops and angle, preview live and copy clean CSS. No sign-up. - [Glassmorphism Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/glassmorphism-generator/): Create frosted glass CSS with a live glassmorphism preview. Tune blur, tint, transparency, border, radius and shadow, then copy the code. - [Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/gradient-generator/): Free gradient generator: design a linear or radial color gradient, preview it live, and download a ready-to-use PNG image at any size. No sign-up. - [Mesh Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/mesh-gradient-generator/): Free mesh gradient generator with draggable color points, live CSS, presets and PNG export. Create a polished background in your browser. - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/): Free HEX to HSL converter. Type a hex color code like #3366cc and get the hsl() value, a live color preview and one-click copy - right in your browser. - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/): Free HEX to RGB converter. Type a hex color code like #ff5733 and get the rgb() value, a live color preview and one-click copy - right in your browser. - [HSL to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hsl-to-hex/): Convert HSL to HEX instantly with synchronized controls, opacity support, a live preview and one-click copy. Free and private in your browser. - [Random Color Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/random-color-generator/): Free random color generator for HEX, RGB and HSL values. Reroll colors, lock favorites, use a seed and copy CSS-ready output. - [RGB to CMYK Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-cmyk/): Convert RGB colors to CMYK instantly. Enter RGB values or pick a color, see live CMYK output with copyable values. No upload, no sign-up - runs in your browser. - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/): Convert RGB to HEX instantly with channel sliders, opacity support, a live color preview and one-click copy. Free and private in your browser. - [Shades and Tints Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/shades-and-tints-generator/): Generate shades and tints from a HEX color at exact white and black percentages. Compare swatches, copy colors, and download CSS or JSON in your browser. - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/): Create seamless, tileable SVG background patterns in your browser. Pick a shape, colors, size and thickness, then copy the CSS or SVG. No sign-up, runs locally. - [Tailwind Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tailwind-palette-generator/): Generate an 11-shade Tailwind color palette from any hex. Preview every 50-950 shade and copy Tailwind v4, v3, CSS, or JSON code. - [Triadic Color Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/triadic-colors/): Free triadic color generator to create balanced 3-color harmonies 120° apart on the hue wheel. Instant hex, RGB and HSL output - no sign-up, runs in your browser. - [WCAG Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/wcag-contrast-checker/): Check WCAG contrast from a screenshot or exact hex colors. Sample foreground and background pixels for instant AA and AAA results in your browser. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Commission Calculator - Flat and Tiered Pay" description: "Commission calculator for flat or tiered sales rates, optional base pay and clear payout breakdowns. Compare progressive and retroactive plans instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/commission-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Commission Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate sales commission? A commission calculator multiplies eligible sales by a commission rate, then adds optional base pay to show total earnings. For tiered plans, it can apply each rate only within its bracket or apply the reached rate to all sales. This calculator shows both methods and the full payout breakdown. Use the flat plan for one rate across all sales, or build a tier schedule with up to six brackets. The results update live and stay **entirely in your browser**. Figures are pre-tax estimates; your written compensation plan controls quotas, credits, returns, caps, bonuses and payout timing. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a commission structure** - Select a flat rate or a tiered plan. For tiers, state whether rates are progressive or retroactive. 2. **Enter sales and base pay** - Add the eligible sales amount for the payout period and any fixed base pay for that same period. 3. **Set the rates** - Enter one flat percentage, or define each tier ceiling and rate. The final tier has no upper limit. 4. **Review and copy the payout** - Read commission, total earnings, effective rate and the applied bracket breakdown, then copy the calculation if needed. ## Who it's for - **Sales representatives** checking a monthly or quarterly payout before payroll closes. - **Sales managers** testing how accelerator thresholds change rep earnings and the effective rate. - **Recruiters and candidates** comparing base-plus-commission offers on the same sales volume. - **Finance and operations teams** auditing a flat or tiered calculation with a visible line-by-line breakdown. ## Expert note Tier wording changes the answer: on 125,000 in sales with 5% up to 50,000, 7.5% up to 100,000 and 10% above that, a progressive plan pays 8,750 while a retroactive plan pays 12,500. Always match the method to the written compensation plan. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this commission calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, has no sign-up and supports flat rates plus as many as six commission tiers. You can change the sales amount, base pay, currency display and tier method as often as you need. ### Are my sales and pay figures uploaded? No. Every calculation runs locally in your browser. The sales amounts, rates and base pay you enter are not sent to a server or saved to an account. ### What is the sales commission formula? For a flat plan, commission equals eligible sales multiplied by the commission rate. Total earnings equal base pay plus commission. A 6% rate on 80,000 in sales produces 4,800 commission; adding 3,000 base pay produces 7,800 total earnings before tax. ### What is the difference between progressive and retroactive commission? Progressive commission applies each rate only to sales inside that tier, like marginal tax brackets. Retroactive commission selects the rate reached by total sales and applies it to the entire sales amount. Retroactive plans can create a larger jump in payout when a threshold is crossed. ### How is the effective commission rate calculated? The effective rate is total commission divided by total eligible sales, multiplied by 100. In a progressive plan it is the blended rate across all reached tiers. Base pay is excluded, because it is fixed compensation rather than commission on sales. ### Can I add a base salary to commission? Yes. Enter the fixed base pay for the same period as the sales amount. The calculator adds it after calculating commission and reports total earnings separately. It does not convert annual salary to monthly or quarterly pay, so use matching periods. ### Does this calculate tax, bonuses or clawbacks? No. Results are gross, pre-tax estimates. The calculator does not apply withholding, quota bonuses, draws, splits, caps, returns, cancellations or clawbacks. Add only eligible sales and compare the result with the exact terms in your compensation agreement. ## Related tools - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Complementary Color Finder - Exact Opposite Hue" description: "Find the exact complementary color for any HEX, RGB, or HSL value. Preview the opposite hue, contrast ratio, and copy-ready CSS instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/complementary-colors/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Complementary Color Finder Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a complementary color finder? A complementary color finder takes one digital color and returns the hue 180 degrees opposite it on the HSL color wheel. Enter a HEX, RGB, or HSL value to see both colors, compare their contrast, preview a practical 70/30 pairing, and copy the result as CSS. The calculation runs in your browser and updates as you type. It preserves the base color's saturation and lightness while rotating only its hue, so the result is an exact HSL complement rather than a random contrasting color. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a base color** - Type a 3- or 6-digit HEX value, an RGB color, or an HSL color, or use the visual color picker. 2. **Read the opposite hue** - The finder rotates the HSL hue by 180 degrees and displays both colors in HEX, RGB, and HSL. 3. **Check the pairing** - Use the 70/30 preview and contrast ratio to judge how the colors behave together. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy either HEX value or the ready-made CSS variables for your project. ## Who it's for - **Interface designers** can turn a brand color into a focused accent candidate for calls to action and status highlights. - **Illustrators** can find the opposite hue for shadows, focal points, and controlled visual tension. - **Front-end developers** can copy the pair as CSS custom properties without converting color formats by hand. - **Brand teams** can test a two-color relationship before expanding it into a larger palette. ## Expert note An HSL complement describes hue geometry, not guaranteed text readability. Two vivid opposite hues can still have similar relative luminance, so always test the exact foreground and background pair before using one for text. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this complementary color finder free? Yes. You can find, preview, swap, and copy complementary colors without signing up or paying. The calculation is small enough to run instantly in your browser, so there is no server usage limit or upload step. ### Are my colors uploaded? No. Your color is parsed and converted locally in your browser. CanDoYa does not need to upload the value to calculate its complementary hue, preview the pair, or format the CSS variables. ### What are the limits of this complementary color finder? It accepts opaque HEX, RGB, and HSL colors in the sRGB range. It does not process alpha transparency, CMYK or spot inks, paint mixing, display gamut differences, or colors sampled directly from an image. ### How do you calculate the complementary color? The finder converts the input to HSL, adds 180 degrees to the hue, wraps the result around 360 degrees, and keeps saturation and lightness unchanged. It then converts that opposite hue back to RGB and HEX for use in browsers and design tools. ### What is the complementary color of blue? It depends on the exact blue. Pure HSL blue at 240 degrees pairs with yellow at 60 degrees, but a blue closer to cyan produces a complement closer to orange-red. Enter the precise HEX or RGB value to avoid relying on a broad color name. ### Why is the complement of gray still gray? Gray has zero saturation, which means it has no visible hue. Rotating its stored HSL hue by 180 degrees changes the hue number but not the rendered color. Add saturation first if you need a visibly different opposite hue. ### Do complementary colors always have accessible contrast? No. Opposite hue and readable luminance contrast measure different things. The finder shows the WCAG contrast ratio for the generated pair, but you should use a dedicated contrast checker for every text size, weight, state, and final background. ### How is this different from a full color palette generator? This tool answers one focused question: what hue sits exactly opposite this color? A palette generator explores several harmony rules, tints, shades, and larger schemes. Use this finder when you want a fast two-color relationship with no extra options. ## Related tools - [Color Harmony Wheel](https://candoya.com/tools/color-harmony-wheel/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Triadic Color Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/triadic-colors/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Compound Interest Calculator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free compound interest calculator: project how savings grow from a deposit, rate, compounding frequency and regular contributions - final balance and interest, live in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Compound Interest Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate compound interest? Compound interest is calculated with A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt): the principal P grows by the annual rate r, compounded n times a year over t years. This free compound interest calculator adds your regular contributions on top and shows the final balance, the total interest earned and everything you paid in - live as you type. Everything runs **locally in your browser**. Your figures are never uploaded or stored, the projection updates on every keystroke, and the breakdown separates your own money (principal plus contributions) from the interest the compounding adds - so you can see exactly how much of the final balance is growth. It works offline once the page has loaded, and the numbers are currency-agnostic, so read them as dollars, euros, rupees or anything else. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your starting deposit and rate** - Type the initial principal and the annual interest rate as a percent (for example 5 for 5%). 2. **Pick a compounding frequency and duration** - Choose daily, monthly, quarterly or annually, and set how many years the money grows - fractional years like 7.5 are fine. 3. **Add optional contributions and read the result** - Enter a regular contribution per period if you save more each cycle. The final balance, total interest and total contributions update instantly; use Copy to grab the balance. ## Who it's for - **Long-term savers** projecting how a nest egg grows at a fixed rate with a steady monthly top-up. - **Investors** comparing daily, monthly, quarterly and annual compounding to see how much the frequency actually changes the outcome. - **Students** checking compound-interest homework against the worked A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) formula. - **Anyone weighing a savings account or CD** who wants the real final balance, not just the headline rate. - **Goal planners** testing how a bigger deposit or a longer horizon changes the interest earned. ## Expert note Compounding frequency matters less than people expect: at 5% over 30 years, switching a lump sum from annual to daily compounding lifts the result by only about 3.7%, whereas one extra percentage point of rate, or a few more years, moves it far more - the biggest lever in this calculator is almost always the rate and the time horizon, not the compounding interval. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this compound interest calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up and no limits. The whole projection runs in your browser with plain JavaScript, so it also works offline once the page has loaded. ### Are my numbers uploaded anywhere? No. The math happens locally on your device. Nothing you type - deposit, rate, or contributions - is sent to a server, stored, or shared. Close the tab and it is gone. ### What is the compound interest formula? For a lump sum it is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where P is the principal, r the annual rate as a decimal, n the number of compounding periods per year, and t the time in years. Regular deposits add a second term, PMT × [(1 + r/n)^(nt) - 1] ÷ (r/n). ### How are regular contributions handled? Each contribution is added at the end of every compounding period and then earns interest for the rest of the term. The contribution matches the compounding frequency you pick: choose monthly and it is deposited 12 times a year, quarterly and it is deposited 4 times a year, annually and it is deposited once a year. Set it to 0 to project a lump sum with no top-ups. ### Does the compounding frequency really change the result? A little. More frequent compounding pays interest on interest sooner, so daily beats annually - but the gap is small. At 5% over 30 years the difference between annual and daily compounding is only around 3.7%, while raising the rate or extending the term changes the balance far more. ### What is the difference between compound and simple interest? Simple interest is paid only on the original principal, so it grows in a straight line. Compound interest is paid on the principal plus all interest already earned, so the balance curves upward and accelerates - the longer the horizon, the wider the gap between the two. ### What interest rate should I use? Use the annual percentage yield (APY) if you have it, since that already reflects compounding, or the nominal annual rate the account quotes. Enter it as a percent - the calculator converts it to a decimal and divides by your chosen number of periods internally. ## Related tools - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) - [Vesting Schedule Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vesting-schedule/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Unit, Date and Time Converters for the Browser" description: "Convert lengths, weights, temperatures and storage units, or work with dates and time zones. Free converters with explicit units and local calculations." url: https://candoya.com/tools/convert/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Unit, date and time converters Conversions are reliable only when the input and output units are clear. These tools cover measurements such as length, area, volume, weight, temperature, pressure and data storage, alongside dates and time zones. Enter a value, choose the source unit and select the result you need. For example, a temperature conversion needs both a scale change and an offset: 0 degrees Celsius is 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Simply multiplying by a ratio would give the wrong answer. Watch for units with similar names. US and imperial volume measures differ, and decimal storage units such as megabytes differ from binary units such as mebibytes. A rounded display can be useful for a recipe or a quick estimate, but retain enough precision when a result will feed another calculation. The individual converter lists the units and conventions it supports. Date and time tasks need a little more context. A time-zone offset can change with daylight saving time, so use a date as well as a location when planning a meeting. Calendar days are different from working days, and an inclusive date interval is different from elapsed days. Choose the tool that matches your convention and check the displayed assumptions before copying a result into a schedule. ## Converters tools - [BTU to kW Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/btu-to-kw/): Convert BTU to kW for heating and cooling capacity. Enter BTU/h and get kilowatts, watts and refrigeration tons instantly in your browser. - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/): Convert data storage units instantly between bits, bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB and IEC units such as KiB, MiB and GiB. Free and private in your browser. - [PPI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/dpi-ppi-calculator/): PPI calculator for screens and images. Enter resolution and diagonal size to find pixel density, pixel pitch, megapixels and physical dimensions. - [Area Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/area-converter/): Free area converter for square meters, square feet, acres, hectares and other metric or imperial units. See every conversion instantly. - [Energy Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/energy-converter/): Convert energy units instantly between joules, kWh, calories, BTU, therms and electronvolts, with exact factors and an all-units table. - [Frequency Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-converter/): Convert frequency between Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz, rpm and rad/s. See all nine equivalents and cycle period instantly, with scientific notation for tiny values. - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/): Free temperature converter for Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Type a value and get all three scales at once, with the formula shown - instant, no sign-up, runs in your browser. - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/): Free length and distance converter. Enter a value and convert instantly between millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers, inches, feet, yards, miles and more - runs in your browser. - [Meters to Feet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/meters-to-feet/): Free meters to feet converter. Type a length in meters and get feet, plus the exact feet and inches - instant, no sign-up, runs in your browser. - [Pressure Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/pressure-converter/): Free pressure converter for PSI, bar, Pa, kPa, MPa, atm, Torr, mmHg and more. Convert live with an all-units table in your browser. - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/): Free speed and velocity converter. Enter a value and convert instantly between km/h, mph, m/s, feet per second, knots and Mach - runs in your browser, nothing uploaded. - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/): Free volume converter for liters, milliliters, gallons, cups, fluid ounces, cubic meters, cubic inches and cubic feet. Runs in your browser. - [Weight Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/weight-converter/): Free weight converter for kilograms, pounds, ounces, stones, grams and tons. Get exact live results and mixed formats in your browser. - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/): Free age calculator: enter a date of birth to get your exact age in years, months and days, plus age in weeks, days, hours - and your next birthday. - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/): Free business days calculator. Count the working days between two dates, skip weekends, and exclude your own public holidays. Runs in your browser. - [Calendar Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/calendar-generator/): Free calendar generator for any month and year. Choose Sunday or Monday starts, add notes and week numbers, then print a clean calendar in your browser. - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/): Free online countdown timer with alarm. Set any duration in minutes or hours, then start, pause and reset. Runs in your browser - no sign-up, no download. - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/): Free date calculator to add or subtract days, weeks, months and years from any date. Instant, private and accurate for month-end dates. - [Day of Week Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/day-of-week-finder/): Find the day of the week for any past or future date. See its ISO week, day of year, month occurrence, and leap-year status instantly. - [ISO Date Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/iso-date-converter/): Convert and validate ISO 8601 dates in your browser. Normalize offsets to UTC, inspect date parts, and copy local, UTC, or Unix values instantly. - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/): Free days between dates calculator. Count the exact number of days between two dates, with a years, months, and days breakdown and an include-end-date option. Runs in your browser. - [Meeting Time Planner](https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/): Meeting time planner for finding shared working hours across time zones. Compare up to six people with DST-aware local times. No sign-up. - [Pomodoro Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/pomodoro-timer/): Free online Pomodoro timer with 25-minute focus sessions, short and long breaks, custom intervals, alarms, and daily progress saved in your browser. - [Recurring Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/recurring-date-calculator/): Recurring date calculator to generate daily, weekly, monthly or yearly schedules. Handle month ends, list up to 200 dates and copy the results. - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/): Free calculator for the time between two times. Enter a start and end time to get the hours and minutes between them - overnight spans handled, all in your browser. - [Time Duration Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-duration-calculator/): Calculate the exact time duration between two dates and times in days, hours, minutes and seconds. Handles overnight and multi-day ranges in your browser. - [Time Zone Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/): Free time zone converter for meetings, calls and travel. Compare cities instantly with DST-aware offsets. No sign-up or upload. - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/): Convert Unix timestamps to human-readable dates and back, free in your browser. Auto-detects seconds vs milliseconds and shows UTC, local time and ISO 8601. - [Working Hours Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/working-hours-calculator/): Working hours calculator for weekly shifts, unpaid breaks, overnight work and decimal totals. Add up to 14 shifts privately in your browser. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Correlation Coefficient Calculator - Pearson r" description: "Free correlation coefficient calculator: paste paired X and Y data and get Pearson's r, r squared, Spearman's rank, covariance and the regression line instantly. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Correlation Coefficient Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is the correlation coefficient? The correlation coefficient measures how strongly two variables move together, on a scale from -1 to +1. This free calculator computes Pearson's r from your paired X and Y values, plus r squared, Spearman's rank correlation, covariance, the means and standard deviations, and the least-squares regression line - all in your browser. Everything runs locally. Your numbers are parsed in the browser, the sums are computed on the page, and nothing is uploaded or stored. Enter as many pairs as you like; the tool updates as you type and works offline once loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your X values** - Paste or type the first variable into the X box - numbers separated by commas, spaces, or new lines. 2. **Enter your Y values** - Add the matching Y values in the second box. X and Y must have the same number of points, paired in order. 3. **Read the result** - Pearson's r appears with a plain-language strength and direction, alongside r squared, Spearman's rho, covariance, means, standard deviations and the regression equation. Use Copy results to grab them all. ## Who it's for - **Students and researchers** checking Pearson's r for a lab report, thesis, or statistics homework without opening SPSS or R. - **Analysts and marketers** testing whether two metrics (spend and revenue, price and demand) actually move together before building a model. - **Data scientists** sanity-checking a correlation and its r squared quickly, then reaching for Spearman when the relationship looks non-linear. - **Teachers** demonstrating positive, negative and near-zero correlation with live numbers a class can change and re-run. - **Spreadsheet users** who want the same answer as Excel's CORREL and PEARSON functions but with the extra stats shown side by side. ## Expert note Pearson's r only captures a straight-line relationship, so a strong curved pattern can still return r near zero - always look at a scatter plot, not just the number. When the data is ranked or has outliers, compare Pearson with the Spearman rank correlation this tool also reports: a big gap between them is a clue that the relationship is monotonic but not linear. Note too that all standard deviations and the covariance here use the sample formula (dividing by n-1), which matches Excel's STDEV and how Pearson's r is defined. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the correlation coefficient calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, and no limit on how many data points you enter. The whole calculation runs in your browser and your data is never uploaded. ### How is Pearson's correlation coefficient calculated? Pearson's r = (n·Σxy - Σx·Σy) / √[(n·Σx² - (Σx)²)(n·Σy² - (Σy)²)], where n is the number of pairs. It equals the covariance of X and Y divided by the product of their standard deviations, giving a value between -1 and +1. ### What does the correlation coefficient tell you? Its sign shows direction: positive means the variables rise together, negative means one falls as the other rises. Its size shows strength: values near ±1 are a tight linear relationship, values near 0 mean little or no linear relationship. As a rough guide, |r| under 0.2 is very weak, 0.2-0.4 weak, 0.4-0.6 moderate, 0.6-0.8 strong, and above 0.8 very strong. ### What is r squared? R squared (r²) is Pearson's r multiplied by itself. It is the proportion of the variance in one variable that is explained by the other, from 0 to 1. An r of 0.8 gives r² = 0.64, meaning about 64% of the variation is shared. ### What is the difference between Pearson and Spearman correlation? Pearson measures a linear relationship between the raw values. Spearman applies the same formula to the ranks of the values, so it measures whether the relationship is monotonic (consistently increasing or decreasing) even if it is curved, and it is far less sensitive to outliers. This tool shows both. ### How many data points do I need? You need at least two paired points to compute a coefficient, but two points always give r = ±1, which is meaningless. For a result you can trust, use more points - many textbooks suggest 30 or more, and always check the pattern rather than relying on r alone. ### Why is my correlation coefficient undefined? If every value in X (or every value in Y) is identical, that variable has zero variance and the formula divides by zero, so r cannot be defined. Enter data that actually varies in both columns. ### Does this match Excel's CORREL function? Yes. The Pearson value here is identical to Excel's CORREL and PEARSON functions, and the standard deviations match STDEV (the sample formula that divides by n-1). ## Related tools - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) - [Variance Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/variance-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Countdown Timer - Free Online Timer with Alarm" description: "Free online countdown timer with alarm. Set any duration in minutes or hours, then start, pause and reset. Runs in your browser - no sign-up, no download." url: https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Countdown Timer Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a countdown timer? A countdown timer counts down from a duration you set - like 5:00 or 25 minutes - to zero, then sounds an alarm. Type a time or tap a preset, press Start, and watch a large clock and progress ring track the time left. Pause, resume or reset whenever you need. This timer keeps time against your device clock instead of counting ticks, so it stays accurate even if the browser tab is throttled in the background. Nothing is uploaded: the countdown, the presets and the end alarm all run entirely in your browser, so it works offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Set the duration** - Type a time like 5:00, 25 min or 1:30:00, or tap a preset chip such as 5:00 or 25:00. A plain number is read as minutes. 2. **Press Start** - The clock counts down and the ring fills as time passes. Use Pause to hold and Resume to continue exactly where you left off. 3. **Hear the alarm** - At zero the timer flashes and plays a short beep. Press Reset to run the same duration again, or set a new one. ## Who it's for - **Cooking and baking** - set a kitchen timer for pasta, eggs or a bake and get an alarm the moment it's done, no phone app needed. - **Focused work and studying** - run a 25-minute focus block, then a short break, straight from a browser tab. - **Workouts and intervals** - time rounds, rests or a plank with a clear on-screen clock and an audible cue at zero. - **Meetings and presentations** - keep a talk or a timed exercise on schedule with a big, glanceable countdown. ## Expert note Because the timer computes the time remaining from a fixed end moment (start time plus your duration) rather than adding up one-second ticks, a phone that dims its screen or a tab left in the background won't make it drift - it shows the true time left the instant you look back. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the countdown timer free? Yes - it's 100% free with no sign-up, no limits and no download. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Will it keep accurate time if I switch tabs? Yes. It tracks a fixed end moment from your device clock rather than counting ticks, so backgrounding or throttling the tab doesn't cause drift. The alarm still fires when you return to the tab. ### Does the alarm need a sound file or the internet? No. The end-of-timer beep is generated in your browser with the Web Audio API, so there is no audio file to load and it works offline. You can turn the alarm off with the checkbox. ### What duration formats can I enter? Type MM:SS (5:00), HH:MM:SS (1:30:00), or unit forms like 25 min, 90 sec or 1h 30m. A plain number such as 25 is read as minutes, matching a kitchen timer. ### Can I pause and resume the countdown? Yes. Pause freezes the exact time remaining and Resume continues from there with no lost or gained seconds. Reset returns the clock to the full duration you set. ## Related tools - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Credit Card Payoff Calculator - Payment Plan" description: "Use this free credit card payoff calculator to estimate your payoff time, monthly payment, total interest and month-by-month balance. No sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/credit-card-payoff/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Credit Card Payoff Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a credit card payoff calculator? A credit card payoff calculator estimates how long a fixed monthly payment will take to clear your balance, or the payment needed to meet a target term. It also totals the estimated interest and shows how each payment is split between interest and principal, assuming no new purchases or fees. Switch between **payment mode** and **target mode** to answer the question that matters to you. The result updates as you type and includes a monthly schedule, so you can see when more of each payment starts reducing the balance. The math runs locally in your browser. Nothing you enter is uploaded or saved. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your balance and APR** - Use the current balance and purchase APR from your latest card statement. 2. **Choose what to calculate** - Enter a fixed monthly payment to find the payoff time, or enter a target number of months to find the payment you need. 3. **Review the payoff plan** - Compare the total interest, total paid, first payment split and monthly schedule. Change any input to test another plan instantly. 4. **Copy your estimate** - Use Copy to save the payment, payoff time and cost summary for your budget notes. ## Who it's for - **Cardholders building a budget** who need a realistic fixed payment and payoff timeline. - **People setting a debt-free goal** who want to work backward from 12, 24 or 36 months to a monthly payment. - **Borrowers testing an extra payment** who want to compare its effect on interest and payoff time. - **Anyone checking a statement estimate** who wants a clear month-by-month view of principal and interest. ## Expert note A payment that only matches the monthly interest does not reduce the balance. For a 5,000 balance at 22.9% APR, the first month's estimated interest is 95.42, so a 200 payment initially cuts principal by just 104.58. This is a planning estimate because many issuers use a daily periodic rate and average daily balance. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this credit card payoff calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, has no sign-up and places no limit on the number of plans you can test. It runs with plain JavaScript in your browser, so you can change the balance, APR, payment or target term and see a new estimate immediately. ### Are my card balance and APR uploaded? No. Your inputs and results stay in your browser and are not sent to a server. The tool does not ask for a card number, account login or personal details. Close the page or clear the fields when you are finished. ### What limits does the calculator use? The calculator accepts a positive balance below 1 billion, an APR from 0% to 100%, a target from 1 to 600 months and a fixed-payment schedule up to 1,200 months. These limits keep the estimate useful and prevent an impractically large schedule. ### How is credit card payoff interest calculated? This calculator divides the APR by 12, applies that monthly rate to the remaining balance, rounds the interest to cents and then subtracts the payment. Actual cards may use a daily periodic rate, average daily balance, different billing-cycle lengths, fees or multiple APRs, so your statement can differ. ### Why does it say my payment is too low? Your payment must be greater than the estimated interest added in the first month. If it only covers interest, none of the payment reduces principal and the balance cannot reach zero under this model. Raise the payment until the tool can produce a payoff schedule. ### Does the estimate include new purchases or fees? No. It assumes a fixed APR, no new purchases, no annual or late fees and one payment every month. New charges or fees can extend the payoff time and increase interest. Use the latest statement values and update the estimate whenever your balance or rate changes. ### Can I calculate the payment needed to pay off a credit card? Yes. Choose Payment for my goal, then enter the number of months in which you want to clear the balance. The calculator finds the smallest cent-level fixed payment that pays the balance within that term under the monthly interest estimate. ## Related tools - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Cron Expression Builder - Free Online Tool" description: "Build and validate standard 5-field cron expressions online. Get a plain-language schedule preview and next run times in UTC." url: https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Cron Expression Builder Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a cron expression builder do? A cron expression builder helps you assemble the five fields used by standard Unix cron: minute, hour, day of month, month and day of week. This tool validates each field, explains the schedule in plain language and previews upcoming UTC run times without sending anything to a server. This builder focuses on predictable 5-field cron syntax, not every scheduler dialect. It supports stars, lists, ranges, steps and month or weekday names such as MON-FRI. It intentionally rejects Quartz and AWS-only features like seconds, years, ?, L, W and # so the result stays portable for classic crontab-style jobs. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a preset** - Start with a common schedule such as every five minutes, hourly, weekday morning or monthly. 2. **Edit the five fields** - Adjust minute, hour, day of month, month and day of week using standard cron values, ranges, lists or steps. 3. **Read the preview** - Check the plain-language summary, warnings and upcoming UTC run times before you copy the expression. 4. **Copy the expression** - Paste the validated five-field cron string into a crontab or scheduler that uses classic cron semantics. ## Who it's for - **Server maintenance** when you need a safe crontab entry for backups, cleanup scripts or health checks. - **CI and deploy tasks** when a scheduled workflow should run hourly, daily, weekly or on business days. - **Documentation** when you want to show both the cron string and a human-readable explanation. - **Debugging schedules** when a job runs too often or not often enough and you need to inspect each field. ## Expert note In standard cron, restricting both day-of-month and day-of-week means the job runs when either field matches. For example, 0 9 1 * MON runs on the 1st of the month and on Mondays. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the cron expression builder free? Yes. The cron expression builder is free to use with no sign-up and no usage limit. The validation and next-run preview run in your browser. ### Are my cron expressions uploaded? No. The expression is parsed and explained locally in your browser. There is no server-side scheduling, saving or upload step. ### Which cron format does this tool support? It supports standard five-field cron: minute, hour, day of month, month and day of week. It accepts stars, lists, ranges, steps and month or weekday names. It does not support seconds, years or Quartz-only symbols. ### Does this work for AWS EventBridge or Quartz? Not as a full dialect builder. AWS EventBridge and Quartz use different rules and extra fields. Use this page for classic 5-field cron, then check your platform's documentation before pasting into a platform-specific scheduler. ### Why does day-of-month plus day-of-week show a warning? Classic cron treats those two restricted fields with OR semantics. If both are limited, either one matching can trigger the job. The warning helps avoid the common mistake of expecting both fields to match at the same time. ### What timezone are the next run times shown in? The preview list is shown in UTC so it stays unambiguous across browsers. Your actual cron daemon usually runs schedules in the server's configured timezone unless that scheduler supports a timezone setting. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JWT Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/) - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Cron Expression Explainer - Read Cron Clearly" description: "Paste a five-field cron expression and read its plain-English meaning, field breakdown and next UTC run times instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-explainer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Cron Expression Explainer Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a cron expression explainer do? A cron expression explainer translates a standard five-field Unix cron schedule into plain English. Paste an expression to see its overall meaning, what each minute, hour, day, month and weekday field selects, and the next five matching UTC run times. It validates the syntax locally as you type. This explainer reads classic crontab syntax: stars, numbers, comma-separated lists, inclusive ranges, steps, and three-letter month or weekday names. It intentionally rejects seconds, years, and Quartz-only symbols such as `?`, `L`, `W`, and `#`, because those belong to different scheduler dialects. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the expression** - Enter a standard five-field cron expression in minute, hour, day-of-month, month and day-of-week order. 2. **Read the schedule** - Check the plain-English summary and inspect each field card to see its source value, allowed range and meaning. 3. **Verify the next runs** - Review the next five UTC timestamps and any warning about day-field OR behavior or an impossible date. 4. **Copy the explanation** - Copy the complete summary and field breakdown for a ticket, runbook or code review. ## Who it's for - **Developers** checking a schedule copied from a repository, deployment file or CI configuration. - **System administrators** reviewing backups, maintenance jobs and cleanup tasks before changing a crontab. - **Incident responders** confirming when a job should fire without decoding five compact fields under pressure. - **Technical writers** adding a readable schedule explanation to runbooks and internal documentation. ## Expert note In classic cron, restricting both day-of-month and day-of-week uses OR logic, not AND. `0 9 1 * MON` runs at 09:00 on every Monday and on the first day of each month. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this cron expression explainer free? Yes. The cron expression explainer is free, needs no account and has no usage limit. Validation, translation and run-time calculation happen in your browser, so you can check as many standard five-field expressions as you need. ### Is my cron expression uploaded? No. Your cron expression is parsed and explained locally by JavaScript in your browser. It is not uploaded for processing, which is useful when a schedule reveals internal job names, maintenance windows or infrastructure details. ### Which cron format does the explainer support? It supports standard five-field Unix cron in minute, hour, day-of-month, month and day-of-week order. Fields may contain stars, lists, upward ranges, steps, and three-letter month or weekday names. It does not accept a seconds or year field. ### What does */15 9-17 * * MON-FRI mean? It runs every 15 minutes during hours 09 through 17 on Monday through Friday. Because cron steps restart within their field, the matching minutes are 00, 15, 30 and 45 during every selected hour. ### Why does the explainer warn about two day fields? Traditional cron uses OR behavior when both day-of-month and day-of-week are restricted. A job can run when either field matches. That differs from the intuitive AND reading, so the tool calls it out before you paste the expression into a scheduler. ### Are the next run times in my local timezone? No. This page shows next runs in UTC so the preview stays consistent and unambiguous. A real cron daemon usually evaluates schedules in the server timezone unless its configuration or platform lets you choose another zone. ## Related tools - [Cron Expression Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Regex Tester](https://candoya.com/tools/regex-tester/) - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Crop PDF Online - Trim Page Margins Privately" description: "Crop PDF pages online by trimming exact margins in millimetres. Preview the result, choose page ranges, and download privately with no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/crop-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Crop PDF Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I crop PDF pages online? A PDF cropper changes the visible boundary of each page so wide margins, scanner borders, or unwanted edge content no longer appear. Add a PDF, enter the top, right, bottom, and left margins in millimetres, choose the pages, preview the kept area, and download the result without uploading your file. **Crop one page range or the whole document.** The tool reads each page's existing CropBox and applies your margins relative to the edges you see, including rotated pages. It preserves the document's text, vectors, links, and image quality because it changes page geometry instead of rasterizing the PDF. Processing happens locally in your browser. Files up to 100 MB and 1,000 pages are supported, subject to the memory available on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Choose a local PDF or drop it into the workspace. The browser reads its page count and geometry. 2. **Set the crop margins** - Enter how many millimetres to trim from the top, right, bottom, and left visible edges. Check the shaded preview. 3. **Choose the pages** - Apply the same crop to every page or enter individual pages and ranges such as 1, 3-5. 4. **Download the cropped file** - Crop the PDF, review the summary, and save the new file to your device. ## Who it's for - **Students and e-reader owners** can remove wide textbook margins so content appears larger on a tablet. - **Office teams** can trim scanner shadows or empty borders before sharing a report. - **Print designers** can set a tighter visible page boundary for proofs without lowering source quality. - **Researchers** can crop selected pages in a mixed document while leaving the rest unchanged. ## Expert note Cropping a PDF normally changes its CropBox, which controls what viewers and printers display. It does not securely erase objects outside that box, so confidential material should be redacted rather than merely cropped. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded while I crop it? No. The PDF is opened, previewed, and cropped locally by code running in your browser. The file is not sent to CanDoYa for processing. Your browser only creates a new downloadable PDF on your device. ### Is this PDF cropper free? Yes. You can crop PDF pages without creating an account, adding a watermark, or paying for a download. The practical limits are 100 MB and 1,000 pages per file, plus the memory available to your browser. ### Does cropping permanently delete hidden PDF content? No. Standard PDF cropping sets the visible CropBox and usually leaves content outside that boundary in the document. Do not use cropping to conceal private text or images. Use a proper PDF redaction workflow when information must be removed. ### Can I crop only certain PDF pages? Yes. Choose Selected pages and enter page numbers or ascending ranges separated by commas, such as 1, 3-5, 8. The chosen pages receive the margins while every other page keeps its current crop boundary. ### Will cropping reduce PDF quality? No raster conversion is used, so text, vector artwork, images, links, and existing page content retain their original quality. The output changes only the visible page boundary for the pages you select. ### How are rotated PDF pages cropped? The margin labels always match the top, right, bottom, and left edges shown by a PDF viewer. The tool maps those visible edges back to the page's stored coordinates, so a 90-degree rotated page crops in the direction you expect. ### Can I crop pages with different sizes? Yes, but one margin set is applied to every selected page. The tool checks each selected page before processing and stops if the margins would leave any page too narrow or too short. Preview representative pages in mixed-size documents first. ## Related tools - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Crop Video Online - Private Video Cropper" description: "Crop video online with a visual frame, social aspect ratios, and exact pixels. Export a private, watermark-free MP4 without uploading your file." url: https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Crop Video Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you crop a video online? To crop a video, choose a local file, place the frame over the part you want to keep, and export a new MP4. Presets create square, portrait, or landscape frames, while pixel fields give exact control. Processing happens in your browser, so the source is not uploaded. This video cropper removes pixels outside one rectangular area for every frame. It does not trim the timeline or stretch the picture. Choose Original to keep the whole frame, or use 16:9, 9:16, 1:1, 4:5, and 4:3 presets for familiar publishing shapes. The tool loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you export. It re-encodes the video as H.264 MP4 and keeps the first audio track as AAC when one exists. Subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are not copied. Browser memory and processor speed make the tool best for short or moderate clips. The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the cropper. 2. **Frame the area to keep** - Choose an aspect ratio, drag the crop frame, resize its corner, or enter exact left, top, width, and height values. 3. **Crop in your browser** - Start the local export and keep this tab open while the video is decoded and re-encoded on your device. 4. **Preview and download** - Check the cropped result, change the frame if needed, then download the watermark-free MP4. ## Who it's for - **Social media creators** can turn a landscape recording into a 9:16 vertical clip or a 1:1 square post. - **Tutorial makers** can remove browser chrome, empty margins, or unrelated parts of a screen recording. - **Remote teams** can frame one speaker or product area without uploading internal footage to an editing service. - **Marketplace sellers** can center a product and match a platform's preferred frame before publishing. ## Expert note H.264 with YUV 4:2:0 works most reliably with even crop coordinates and dimensions. The editor therefore normalizes left, top, width, and height to even pixels and shows the exact output frame before export, avoiding the green edges or failed encodes that odd values can cause. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I crop it? No. The browser reads your selected file and a WebAssembly video engine creates the result in this tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but your source video and cropped output are not sent to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is this video cropper free and watermark-free? Yes. You can set the crop area, process the video, and download the MP4 without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from your device's available memory and processing speed rather than a paid server export tier. ### How large a video can I crop in the browser? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. A file near the limit can still be slow because the browser holds the source, video engine, working data, and result in memory. ### Can I crop a video to 9:16 for TikTok or Reels? Yes. Choose the 9:16 preset to create a centered vertical frame, then drag it over the subject. The same editor includes 1:1 for square posts, 4:5 for portrait feeds, 16:9 for landscape video, and exact custom pixel controls. ### Does cropping a video shorten its duration? No. Cropping changes the visible frame dimensions but keeps the full timeline. To remove time from the beginning, middle, or end, use a video trimmer instead. A crop and a trim solve different editing tasks even though both remove unwanted material. ### Will the cropped video keep its audio? Yes, when the source has a readable audio track. The exporter crops and re-encodes the picture, then places the first audio stream into the MP4 as AAC. Sources without audio remain silent. Extra audio tracks, subtitles, chapters, and attachments are not copied. ### Why can cropping a large video take several minutes? Every frame must be decoded, cropped, and encoded again on your device. Long duration, 4K dimensions, an uncommon source codec, and limited memory all increase processing time. Keep the tab open, close other heavy tabs, and use a desktop editor for long or very large projects. ### Which video formats can the cropper open? It accepts common containers such as MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related video files, then exports MP4. Browser preview support is narrower than FFmpeg support, so a damaged or uncommon professional codec may need conversion or desktop software first. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSS Border Radius Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free CSS border radius generator with live preview, per-corner controls, elliptical slash syntax and copyable CSS. No sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/css-border-radius-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSS Border Radius Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a CSS border radius generator? A CSS border radius generator is a visual tool that writes the border-radius property for you. Adjust each corner, switch between pixel and percentage radii, preview circles, pills, cards or blobs, then copy valid shorthand or longhand CSS for your stylesheet. Border radius looks simple until each corner needs a different curve. This generator keeps the **preview and CSS shorthand in sync**, including the slash syntax for elliptical corners. Use the linked mode for quick cards and pills, or unlink corners to build asymmetric shapes. Everything runs locally in your browser. No design values are uploaded, and the copied CSS works in modern browsers without a dependency. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a preset** - Start with a soft card, pill, blob or ticket shape to get a useful baseline. 2. **Pick units and size** - Use pixels for fixed component corners or percentages for responsive circles, pills and organic shapes. 3. **Tune each corner** - Keep corners linked for one shared radius, or unlink them and adjust horizontal and vertical radii separately. 4. **Copy the CSS** - Copy the compact border-radius shorthand, or switch to longhand declarations when you need each corner spelled out. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** creating card, button, modal and avatar corners without hand-writing shorthand. - **UI designers** testing pill buttons, tickets and organic blobs before handing CSS to a team. - **Design-system maintainers** checking whether a radius token still works across different component sizes. - **Students learning CSS** who want to see how the one, two, three, four and slash syntaxes map to real corners. ## Expert note CSS uses the corner order top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left. When a slash is present, the first group controls horizontal radii and the second group controls vertical radii, which is how elliptical corners and blob-like shapes are made. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this CSS border radius generator free? Yes. The generator is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no limit on copied CSS. Adjust the preview, copy the declaration and paste it into your stylesheet. ### Is my design uploaded anywhere? No. The preview and CSS string are generated entirely in your browser with JavaScript. Your colors, sizes and radius values do not need to leave your device. ### How does border-radius shorthand work? The shorthand follows the order top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left. One value applies to every corner, two values pair opposite corners, three values fill the missing bottom-left from top-right, and four values set every corner. ### What does the slash in border-radius mean? The slash separates horizontal and vertical radii. For example, 50% / 30% makes an elliptical curve because the corner is wider than it is tall. The generator adds the slash only when those two sets differ. ### Should I use px or percent for border radius? Use px when a component needs a fixed corner, such as an 8px card radius. Use percent when the curve should scale with the element size, such as 50% for circles, pills and flexible blobs. ### Can border radius values be negative? No. CSS border-radius values must be zero or positive lengths or percentages. The controls clamp values at zero so the generated CSS stays valid. ### Why does 50% make a circle only sometimes? A 50% radius makes a circle when the element has equal width and height. On a rectangle, 50% makes an oval or pill because percentage radii are based on the box dimensions. ## Related tools - [CSS Box Shadow Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-box-shadow-generator/) - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSS Box Shadow Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free CSS box shadow generator with layered shadows, inset mode, live preview and clean copyable CSS. Build card, button and panel shadows online." url: https://candoya.com/tools/css-box-shadow-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSS Box Shadow Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a CSS box shadow generator? A CSS box shadow generator is a visual tool that writes the box-shadow property for you. Adjust X and Y offsets, blur, spread, color, opacity and inset layers while the preview updates live, then copy clean CSS for cards, buttons, panels and outlines. Hand-writing layered shadows is easy to get wrong because the order, blur radius and spread radius all change the perceived depth. This generator keeps the **visual preview and copied CSS in sync**, so the shadow you tune is exactly the declaration you paste. Everything runs in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a preset** - Start with a soft card, lifted button, inset panel or hard outline preset to get a useful baseline. 2. **Tune the surface** - Pick the preview card color and border radius so the shadow is tested against a realistic element. 3. **Adjust shadow layers** - Move each layer with X and Y offsets, set blur and spread, choose the color, opacity and optional inset mode. 4. **Copy the CSS** - Use Copy to grab the full box-shadow declaration and paste it into your stylesheet. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** building card, modal, button and menu shadows without memorizing the full box-shadow syntax. - **UI designers** matching a mockup by adjusting depth, softness, spread and opacity before handing off the CSS. - **Design-system maintainers** comparing soft elevation, inset panel and hard outline styles before adding tokens. - **Students learning CSS** who want to see how offset, blur, spread and inset change the rendered shadow. ## Expert note The copied declaration keeps the first layer first, matching CSS painting order: the first shadow is drawn on top of later shadows. The preview stage leaves extra space because box-shadow does not affect layout dimensions, so a large blur can visually overflow its element. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this CSS box shadow generator free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no limit on generated shadows. Build a shadow, copy the CSS and paste it into any stylesheet. ### Is my design uploaded anywhere? No. The preview and CSS string are generated entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript. The colors, offsets and copied code do not need to leave your device. ### How does the box-shadow syntax work? A box-shadow layer uses horizontal offset, vertical offset, optional blur radius, optional spread radius, color and optional inset. Multiple layers are separated with commas, letting you combine soft depth, highlights and outline effects. ### What does blur do in box-shadow? Blur softens the shadow edge. A value of 0 creates a sharp edge, while larger values make the shadow wider and lighter. CSS does not allow negative blur values, so the generator clamps blur at 0 or higher. ### What does spread do in box-shadow? Spread expands or shrinks the shadow shape before blur is applied. Positive spread makes the shadow larger on all sides; negative spread tightens it, which is useful for soft shadows that should sit mostly below a card. ### What does inset mean? Inset changes an outer shadow into an inner shadow. It is clipped inside the element and makes the surface look pressed, recessed or beveled instead of lifted above the page. ### Why can a large shadow overlap nearby content? The box-shadow property paints outside the element but does not increase the element's layout size. Add margin or padding around the element when a blur or spread needs room to breathe. ## Related tools - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSS Clamp Calculator - Fluid Font Sizes" description: "Free CSS clamp calculator for fluid typography and responsive spacing. Generate clamp(), slope, intercept and copyable CSS in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/css-clamp-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # CSS Clamp Calculator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSS clamp calculator? A CSS clamp calculator turns a minimum size, maximum size and viewport range into a responsive clamp() value. It calculates the slope, intercept and preferred vw expression, then outputs copyable CSS for fluid typography, spacing, widths or any length that should scale smoothly. CSS **clamp(min, preferred, max)** lets a value grow with the viewport while staying inside safe limits. This calculator uses the standard linear interpolation method: slope = (max size - min size) / (max viewport - min viewport), and intercept = min size - slope * min viewport. Everything runs in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the size range** - Set the minimum and maximum value you want the CSS property to use. 2. **Enter the viewport range** - Set the viewport width where scaling begins and the viewport width where scaling stops. 3. **Choose the unit** - Pick px, rem or em for the generated min, intercept and max lengths. 4. **Copy the CSS** - Copy the clamp() value or the full font-size declaration into your stylesheet. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** generating responsive font-size declarations without hand-calculating vw coefficients. - **Design-system maintainers** turning type-scale decisions into reusable CSS tokens for headings, gaps and component spacing. - **UI designers** checking how a fluid value behaves at the small, middle and large viewport breakpoints. - **CSS learners** seeing how slope and intercept produce the preferred clamp() expression. ## Expert note The preferred expression uses slope * 100vw because 1vw equals one percent of the viewport width. If the maximum size is smaller than the minimum size, the slope becomes negative and the generated clamp() scales down as the viewport grows. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this CSS clamp calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use with no sign-up and no download. Enter your sizes and viewport widths, then copy the generated clamp() value or complete CSS declaration. ### Is my CSS uploaded anywhere? No. The calculation happens entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript. Your values, generated CSS and clipboard action do not need to leave your device. ### What is the CSS clamp() syntax? The syntax is clamp(min, preferred, max). The browser uses the preferred value while it is between the minimum and maximum, then locks to the nearest limit when the preferred value goes outside that range. ### How is the preferred vw value calculated? The slope is (max size - min size) divided by (max viewport - min viewport). The intercept is min size - slope * min viewport. The preferred value is intercept plus slope * 100vw. ### Can I use this as a fluid typography calculator? Yes. Fluid typography is the most common use case. Set the smallest and largest font size, choose the viewport range, and copy the resulting clamp() into a font-size declaration. ### Can clamp() use rem or em? Yes. The generated min, intercept and max can use px, rem or em. The viewport part remains vw because the preferred value needs to respond to viewport width. ### What happens if the viewport values are the same? The formula cannot divide by zero, so the calculator shows an error when the minimum and maximum viewport are equal. Use two different viewport widths to create a fluid range. ## Related tools - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) - [CSS Box Shadow Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-box-shadow-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSS Formatter - Beautify CSS Online" description: "Free CSS formatter to beautify minified or messy stylesheets online. Choose indentation, check structure, copy or download CSS in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSS Formatter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a CSS formatter do? A CSS formatter turns minified or inconsistently spaced stylesheets into readable code with predictable indentation and line breaks. Paste CSS, choose two spaces, four spaces or tabs, then copy or download the result. Formatting runs in your browser and preserves comments, quoted values, data URLs and declaration order. The formatter uses a **syntax-aware scanner** rather than splitting blindly on braces and semicolons. It tracks strings, comments, functions, attribute selectors and nested blocks, so punctuation inside a URL or quoted value stays untouched. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your CSS** - Add a stylesheet, selector block or minified CSS snippet to the input editor. 2. **Choose indentation** - Select two spaces, four spaces or tabs. The formatted output updates live. 3. **Check the status** - Review structural counts or fix the reported unmatched delimiter, unclosed comment or unclosed string. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the formatted CSS to your clipboard or save it as formatted.css. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** expanding production CSS into a form that is easier to inspect and debug. - **Code reviewers** normalizing indentation before comparing a copied stylesheet or pull request snippet. - **Students** making nested media queries, selectors and declaration blocks easier to follow. - **Support and QA teams** cleaning browser-inspector CSS before adding it to a ticket or reproduction. ## Expert note A safe CSS formatter must treat semicolons inside data URLs and function arguments as value content. Splitting every semicolon into a new declaration can silently corrupt otherwise valid CSS. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the CSS formatter free? Yes. You can format as much CSS as your browser can comfortably handle. There is no account, download requirement or usage quota, and the formatted result is available immediately. ### Is my CSS uploaded to a server? No. Formatting happens locally in your browser. The CSS you paste stays in the page editor and is not sent to a formatting API, which makes the tool suitable for private project styles. ### How much CSS can I format? The tool has no fixed character limit. Very large generated stylesheets still depend on your browser and device memory, but ordinary site, component and email stylesheets should format instantly. ### Does formatting change how my CSS works? The formatter changes whitespace and line breaks but keeps selectors, declarations, comments, quoted strings and their order. Review generated code before shipping it, especially when a stylesheet uses experimental syntax or unusual whitespace-sensitive escapes. ### Does this tool validate CSS properties? No. It checks structural balance for braces, brackets, parentheses, comments and strings. It does not verify whether every property, value or browser-specific feature is valid. Use a standards-aware CSS validator for semantic validation. ### Can it format media queries and nested CSS? Yes. Blocks inside media, supports, container, layer and keyframes at-rules are indented by depth. Modern nested selectors are also formatted as nested blocks while strings and function arguments remain intact. ## Related tools - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/) - [CSS Clamp Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-clamp-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSS Gradient Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free CSS gradient generator: build linear, radial and conic gradients with color stops and angle, preview live and copy clean CSS. No sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSS Gradient Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a CSS gradient generator? A CSS gradient generator is a visual tool that builds the linear-gradient(), radial-gradient() or conic-gradient() code for you. Pick your colors, drag the stop positions, set the angle, and copy ready-to-paste CSS while a live preview shows exactly what the browser will render. Everything runs in your browser. Writing gradient syntax by hand is fiddly: the angle, the stop order and the percentage positions all interact, and a typo silently breaks the whole `background`. This generator keeps the **preview and the code in lockstep** - what you see is byte-for-byte the CSS you copy. It runs entirely client-side, so nothing you design is uploaded anywhere. ## How to use it 1. **Pick a gradient type** - Choose linear, radial or conic. Linear shows an angle slider; radial adds shape (circle or ellipse) and position; conic has a from-angle and position. 2. **Set your color stops** - Click each swatch to pick a color and drag its slider to move the stop along the gradient. Add up to 8 stops, or remove them down to 2. 3. **Adjust the direction** - Drag the angle slider (0-360 degrees) or choose a position keyword. The preview updates live with every change. 4. **Copy the CSS** - Hit Copy to grab the background declaration, including a solid-color fallback line, and paste it into your stylesheet. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** who need a hero, card or button background and want the exact `linear-gradient()` line without memorizing the syntax. - **Web and UI designers** matching a mockup: recreate the gradient visually, then hand the generated CSS straight to the dev team. - **Email and landing-page builders** who need a solid-color fallback line so the design degrades gracefully in old clients - the output includes one automatically. - **Students learning CSS** who want to see how angle, color stops and gradient type change the rendered result in real time. ## Expert note The output sorts stops by position and includes a plain background fallback (your first stop color) before the gradient line - old email clients and ancient browsers paint the solid color instead of showing nothing. Modern unprefixed gradient syntax has been safe everywhere since ~2013, so no -webkit- prefixes are added. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this CSS gradient generator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, no watermarks, no limits. Build as many gradients as you like and copy the CSS straight into your project. ### Is anything uploaded to a server? No. The gradient is built and previewed entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript. No colors, code or usage data are sent anywhere. ### What is the difference between linear, radial and conic gradients? A linear gradient blends colors along a straight line at an angle you choose. A radial gradient radiates outward from a center point as a circle or ellipse. A conic gradient sweeps colors around a center point, like a color wheel or pie chart. ### How do color stops work in CSS gradients? Each stop pairs a color with a position from 0% to 100% along the gradient line. The browser blends smoothly between neighboring stops. Placing two stops at the same position creates a hard edge instead of a blend - useful for stripes and pie-chart effects. ### Which browsers support these gradients? All modern browsers - Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Edge - support unprefixed linear-gradient() and radial-gradient(); conic-gradient() has been supported everywhere since 2020. The copied code also includes a solid-color fallback for anything older. ### Can I use the generated gradient as a text color? Not directly - gradients are images, not colors. Apply the gradient as a background-image on the text element, then add background-clip: text and color: transparent so the gradient shows through the glyphs. ### Why does my gradient show banding? Banding appears when two distant stops blend across a long run of similar hues, exposing the 8-bit color steps. Reduce it by adding an intermediate color stop, shortening the blend distance, or choosing colors that differ in lightness as well as hue. ## Related tools - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Mesh Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/mesh-gradient-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSS Minifier - Compress CSS Online" description: "Free CSS minifier to compress stylesheets online. Remove comments and extra whitespace, measure bytes saved, then copy or download locally." url: https://candoya.com/tools/css-minifier/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSS Minifier Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a CSS minifier do? A CSS minifier compresses a stylesheet by removing comments, line breaks, extra spaces and final semicolons that browsers do not need. The result uses fewer bytes while keeping selectors, declarations, strings and calculations intact. This tool works locally in your browser and reports the exact UTF-8 size saved. **Use minification for production output, not your editable source.** Keep the readable stylesheet in version control, then copy or download the compact result when you need a quick build-free handoff. Your CSS stays in this tab and is never uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your stylesheet** - Enter CSS in the left editor or load the example to see a complete result. 2. **Choose comment handling** - Keep the license option on to preserve comments that begin with /*! while ordinary comments are removed. 3. **Check the savings** - Read the input and output byte totals, percentage saved and comment count below the editors. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the minified text or download it as styles.min.css for your project. ## Who it's for - **Static site authors** can shrink a small stylesheet without adding a build pipeline. - **Email developers** can compact embedded CSS before placing it in a size-sensitive template. - **Frontend developers** can test how much formatting and comments contribute to a stylesheet's byte count. - **CMS maintainers** can prepare compact CSS snippets for theme or custom-code fields. ## Expert note Whitespace around the + and - operators inside calc() is required by CSS grammar, so this minifier preserves it instead of applying unsafe global whitespace replacements. It also leaves strings, data URLs and CSS escapes untouched. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSS uploaded? No. The CSS minifier runs entirely in your browser. The stylesheet, minified result and byte counts stay on your device, so you can work with unreleased theme code or private project styles without sending them to a conversion server. ### Is this CSS minifier free? Yes. You can minify CSS, copy the result and download the compact stylesheet without creating an account or paying for a plan. Processing is local, so there is no server queue or per-run charge. ### How much CSS can I minify? There is no fixed character limit in the tool. Very large stylesheets still depend on your browser and device memory, but ordinary site, theme and email stylesheets process immediately because the minifier performs one linear pass through the text. ### Does CSS minification change how a page looks? It should not. This tool removes formatting and comments while preserving significant spaces, selector relationships, quoted strings, data URLs, escapes and calc() operators. It does not reorder declarations, merge rules or change the cascade. Review the result in your project before replacing production CSS. ### Are CSS license comments preserved? Comments beginning with /*! are kept by default because projects often use that convention for licenses and attribution. Turn off the option when you are allowed to remove them. Normal /* comments */ are removed in either mode. ### Can I restore the original formatting later? A CSS formatter can add indentation and line breaks to minified CSS, but it cannot recover removed comments or the exact original spacing. Keep the readable source in version control and treat the minified file as generated output. ## Related tools - [CSS Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/) - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [LESS to CSS](https://candoya.com/tools/less-to-css/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Column Extractor - Select and Reorder Fields" description: "Extract and reorder CSV columns by heading or position. Preview, copy, and download private UTF-8 CSV while quoted cells stay intact." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Column Extractor Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV column extractor? A CSV column extractor keeps only the fields you choose from a comma-separated or delimited file. Paste or open data, select columns by their heading and physical position, reorder them, preview the smaller table, then copy or download every row as a new CSV without uploading the source. This extractor parses records before it selects fields, so a comma or line break inside a quoted cell does not shift later columns. It accepts comma, semicolon, tab and pipe delimiters, removes an optional UTF-8 byte-order mark, handles CRLF or LF records, and decodes doubled quotes. Blank and repeated headings stay intact in the exported file. The selector adds a unique display label and column number only in the interface, so you can choose the right physical field without silently renaming source data. Short rows receive an empty cell for a missing selection; wider rows remain selectable. ## How to use it 1. **Add the source** - Paste CSV text, choose a local file, drop one into the source panel, or load the example. 2. **Confirm parsing** - Leave delimiter detection on automatic or choose comma, semicolon, tab or pipe, then set whether the first row contains headings. 3. **Select and order fields** - Analyze the source, check the columns to keep, and move selected fields earlier or later. 4. **Export the result** - Review the first rows, copy the complete CSV, or download it as a UTF-8 file. ## Who it's for - **Operations teams** trimming customer or order exports before a focused import or handoff. - **Analysts** rearranging identifiers, dates and measures into the exact order a report expects. - **Developers** reducing large fixtures to the fields needed for tests, migrations or debugging. - **Researchers** removing sensitive or irrelevant columns before sharing a smaller dataset. ## Expert note Column headings are not guaranteed to be unique in CSV. This tool keys every choice by its zero-based physical position under the hood, so two columns named Email remain separate while their original headings and row order survive export. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV uploaded? No. File reading, delimiter detection, parsing, column selection, preview and export all happen inside your browser. The tool does not send the rows to a conversion service. You can inspect the result and download it without creating an account or transferring the source file. ### Is the CSV column extractor free? Yes. You can paste or open a file, select and reorder columns, copy the complete result and download a CSV without payment or sign-up. The visible size, row and column limits exist only to keep the page responsive on typical phones and computers. ### How large a CSV file can I process? The browser tool accepts up to 5 MB, 100,000 data rows and 500 columns per source. It stops with a specific message instead of silently truncating the output. Split a larger dataset first or use a streaming desktop tool when every record must be retained. ### Can I extract more than one CSV column? Yes. Every detected field appears in a checklist. Keep any number of columns, clear the selection to start over, and move selected fields earlier or later. The preview and exported CSV follow the selected order while the original data-row order stays unchanged. ### Does it handle quoted commas, newlines and double quotes? Yes. Fields enclosed in double quotes may contain delimiters or line breaks, and two adjacent quotes inside a quoted field become one literal quote. Malformed input, such as a missing closing quote or text after a closing quote, produces a repair message beside the source. ### What happens with blank or duplicate column headings? The selector shows each field's physical column number and gives blank or repeated headings a unique display label. Export does not replace the source heading, so blank and duplicate names remain exact. This prevents a selection mistake without rewriting the schema behind your back. ### Can I use TSV or semicolon-separated data? Yes. Automatic detection checks comma, semicolon, tab and pipe separators in the first complete record, ignoring delimiters inside quotes. You can override that guess. Regardless of the input separator, copied and downloaded output uses standard comma-separated CSV with CRLF record endings. ### Will spreadsheet values or formatting change? The extractor preserves cell text and does not infer numbers, dates or booleans. Missing selected cells become blank, and values containing commas, quotes, line breaks or edge whitespace are quoted correctly in the output. Spreadsheet applications may still apply their own display or type formatting when opening the file. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Deduplicator - Remove Duplicate Rows" description: "Remove duplicate rows from CSV by any column or combination. Keep the first or last match, preview changes, and download locally." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Deduplicator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV deduplicator? A CSV deduplicator removes repeated records from comma-separated or delimited data. Compare complete rows or choose the columns that identify one record, decide whether the first or last match survives, and download a clean CSV. Your source stays in the browser throughout the process. This tool parses quoted cells before it compares rows, so a comma or line break inside a field cannot shift the deduplication key. It accepts comma, semicolon, tab and pipe separators, an optional UTF-8 byte-order mark, and both LF and CRLF records. Case folding and edge-space trimming affect the comparison key only. The surviving row is exported exactly as parsed, including its original capitalization and spaces. This makes the cleanup rule visible without silently normalizing the source values. ## How to use it 1. **Add the source** - Paste CSV text, choose or drop a local file, or load the worked example. 2. **Check the structure** - Confirm the detected delimiter and whether the first row contains column names, then analyze the data. 3. **Define a duplicate** - Select all columns for identical rows or choose the ID, email, or field combination that identifies one record. 4. **Choose the survivor** - Keep the first or last matching row, optionally ignore case or surrounding spaces, then remove duplicates. 5. **Review and export** - Check the removal count and preview before copying or downloading the complete deduplicated CSV. ## Who it's for - **Marketing teams** keeping one contact per email before a list import or campaign send. - **Operations teams** removing overlapping orders or customer records from merged exports. - **Analysts** collapsing repeated observations by an ID or a combination of key fields. - **Developers** cleaning fixtures, logs and migration files while preserving text values. ## Expert note A blank key is still a key: when you deduplicate by Email alone, every row with an empty Email matches every other blank Email. Include another identifying column or fill missing keys first if those records must remain separate. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV uploaded? No. File reading, delimiter detection, CSV parsing, duplicate comparison, preview and export all happen in your browser. The page does not send the rows to a conversion service. You can clean customer, order or research exports without transferring the source file to CanDoYa. ### Is the CSV deduplicator free? Yes. You can paste or open data, choose matching columns, compare exact or normalized keys, keep the first or last record, and copy or download the result without payment or sign-up. The displayed size limits only protect browser responsiveness. ### How large a CSV file can I deduplicate? The browser tool accepts up to 5 MB, 100,000 data rows and 500 columns. It stops with a specific message instead of truncating the output. For a larger export, split the file or use a streaming desktop workflow with enough memory. ### Can I remove duplicates based on one CSV column? Yes. Analyze the source, clear the column selection, then choose the email, ID or other field that defines a record. You can also select several columns. Two rows are duplicates only when every selected key value matches under the chosen case and spacing rules. ### Which duplicate row does the tool keep? You choose. Keep first preserves the earliest row for each matching key. Keep last preserves the final row, which is useful for append-only exports where later records contain newer values. In both modes, the surviving rows stay in their original source order. ### Can the comparison ignore capitalization and extra spaces? Yes. Ignore case treats values such as Ada and ada as the same key. Trim surrounding spaces treats a value ending in a space as its unpadded form. These options change comparison only; the text in the surviving row is not rewritten. ### Does it handle quoted commas and line breaks? Yes. The parser understands double-quoted fields, doubled quote characters, delimiters inside quotes and line breaks inside quotes. It also detects malformed quoted input and asks you to repair it instead of splitting the record at the wrong character. ### Does CSV deduplication find near matches or typos? No. This tool performs deterministic equality matching on the selected fields, with optional case and edge-space normalization. It does not use fuzzy matching, punctuation removal or name similarity. Review those uncertain records separately so a loose rule does not merge different people or items. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Diff - Compare CSV Files by Key" description: "Compare CSV files by a shared key and find added, removed, or changed rows. Review cell-level differences and export a private local report." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-diff/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Diff Tool Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV diff tool? A CSV diff tool compares two versions of tabular data and shows which records were added, removed, changed, or left alone. This browser tool matches rows by a shared key such as an ID, SKU, or email, then highlights exact field changes without uploading either file. A plain text diff treats a reordered export as a wall of changes. This comparator parses each CSV first and joins rows by the key you select, so moving a record from line 20 to line 200 does not create a false difference. Quoted commas, embedded line breaks, doubled quotes, UTF-8 byte-order marks, and comma, semicolon, tab, or pipe separators are handled locally. You can filter the result by status and copy or download a field-level audit report. ## How to use it 1. **Add both sources** - Paste CSV data, choose local files, or load the worked example for the original and updated versions. 2. **Prepare the comparison** - Confirm each delimiter, then let the tool parse the headers and find shared columns. 3. **Choose a unique key** - Select the ID, SKU, email, or other column that uniquely identifies a record in both files. 4. **Review the diff** - Compare the added, removed, changed, and unchanged counts, then filter the cell-level table. 5. **Export the audit** - Copy or download a CSV report with one row for each field that changed. ## Who it's for - **Operations teams** comparing yesterday's order export with today's to spot new, missing, or edited records. - **Developers** checking data migrations and fixture updates by stable database ID rather than source line number. - **Finance teams** reconciling vendor lists, price catalogs, and transaction exports before approval. - **Analysts** auditing CRM or survey snapshots while keeping confidential rows on their device. ## Expert note The safest comparison key is stable and unique in both files. A name or row number can change; an immutable ID usually cannot. Duplicate key values are rejected because silently pairing them would make the diff ambiguous. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my CSV files uploaded? No. Both files are read, parsed, compared, filtered, and exported inside your browser. Their rows are not sent to a conversion service or stored by CanDoYa. This local workflow is suitable for confidential exports, although you should still follow your organization's data-handling rules. ### Is the CSV diff tool free? Yes. You can compare two CSV files, choose a key column, inspect every result status, and copy or download the difference report without payment or sign-up. The file, row, and column limits exist only to keep the browser tab responsive. ### How large a CSV can I compare? Each file can be up to 5 MB and contain up to 100,000 data rows and 500 header columns. The tool reports a clear error when a source exceeds a limit instead of silently truncating it. Split larger exports before comparing them. ### How does the tool match rows in two CSV files? You select a column that exists in both files, such as ID, SKU, or email. The tool pairs rows with exactly equal values in that column, regardless of row order. Values are case-sensitive and spaces are significant, so clean inconsistent keys before comparing. ### What happens when a key is duplicated? The comparison stops and asks you to choose a unique key or remove duplicates. Picking one duplicate arbitrarily could hide a changed row or match the wrong records. Use the CSV Deduplicator first if a supposedly unique ID appears more than once. ### Can it compare CSV files with different column orders? Yes. Columns are matched by their header names, not positions. A shared field can move from one position to another without creating a change. Columns found in only one file are included in the result, where their missing-side values appear blank. ### Does it support quoted commas and TSV files? Yes. The parser handles delimiters inside quoted cells, doubled quote characters, embedded line breaks, common line endings, and a UTF-8 byte-order mark. You can auto-detect or choose comma, semicolon, tab, or pipe input independently for each file. ### Why is key-based CSV comparison better than a text diff? A text diff compares lines, so sorting the same rows differently can make an unchanged file look completely rewritten. Key-based comparison treats each row as a record. It isolates actual inserts, removals, and field edits even when export order changes. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/) - [CSV Sorter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-sorter/) - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Editor - Edit CSV Files Online" description: "Edit CSV files online in a spreadsheet-style table. Add rows or columns, fix values, then copy or download clean CSV without uploading data." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online CSV Editor Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an online CSV editor? An online CSV editor turns comma-separated data into a spreadsheet-style grid where you can change headers and cells, add or remove rows and columns, and export the result. This editor runs locally in your browser, so quick fixes do not require a spreadsheet app or a file upload. **Edit the data, not the punctuation.** Paste CSV text or open a local file, make focused changes in the table, and copy or download the updated result. The editor detects comma, semicolon, tab, and pipe separators, while a manual separator choice handles unusual exports. ## How to use it 1. **Load the CSV** - Paste delimited text, choose a local file, or load the example. Select the separator and header option if automatic detection is not right. 2. **Edit the table** - Click any header or cell to edit it. Add rows or columns, or delete a specific row or column with its labelled control. 3. **Export the result** - Review the generated CSV, then copy it to the clipboard or download a UTF-8 .csv file. ## Who it's for - **Operations teams** correcting product feeds or customer exports before an import. - **Developers** adjusting fixtures, configuration tables, and API test data without opening a full spreadsheet. - **Analysts** fixing headers, blank values, or individual records while preserving plain CSV output. - **Students and researchers** cleaning small datasets on any computer with a modern browser. ## Expert note CSV stores values rather than spreadsheet formatting or data types. This editor preserves text such as leading-zero IDs, and it adds quotes only when a field contains a separator, quote, line break, or outer whitespace. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV file uploaded? No. The browser reads, parses, edits, and exports your data locally. The CSV contents are not sent to a file-processing server, which makes the editor suitable for quick work on private exports that you do not want to upload elsewhere. ### Is this CSV editor free? Yes. The CSV editor is free to use without an account, installation, or paid export step. Open the page in a modern browser, edit the table, and copy or download the finished CSV during the same session. ### What are the CSV editor limits? Each session accepts up to 5 MB, 1,000 data rows, and 100 columns. Those bounds keep inline editing responsive on phones and typical laptops. Use a desktop spreadsheet or database tool for much larger datasets or bulk transformations. ### Can the editor handle commas and line breaks inside cells? Yes. Properly quoted fields may contain separators, line breaks, and escaped double quotes. On export, the editor automatically wraps affected values in double quotes and doubles quote characters so the resulting CSV can be parsed correctly. ### Which separators can I use? The editor supports commas, semicolons, tabs, and pipes. Automatic detection checks the first complete record, or you can select a separator manually. The selected separator is also used when generating the edited output. ### Will CSV keep colors, formulas, and number formatting? No. CSV is plain text and does not store spreadsheet styles, formulas, worksheets, or cell types. The editor keeps cell values as text, including leading zeroes, then writes them as delimited records with the quoting required for safe parsing. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/) - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Filter - Filter Rows by Column Online" description: "Filter CSV rows by column values, numbers, dates or booleans. Combine rules, preview matches and export a clean CSV privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-filter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Filter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV filter? A CSV filter keeps or removes rows according to conditions you set on specific columns. Paste data or open a local file, combine text, number, date and boolean rules, preview the matches, then download a valid CSV containing the full filtered result. Processing stays in your browser. A global search can find a word anywhere, but it cannot express tasks such as **Region equals Europe and Revenue is greater than 1,000**. This filter detects each column's value type and offers the comparisons that fit it. You can require every rule or accept any rule, then switch between matching and nonmatching rows. Quoted commas, embedded line breaks, doubled quotes and UTF-8 text are parsed without splitting valid cells. Comma, semicolon, tab and pipe delimiters are detected automatically or selected manually. Files stay on your device, and exports include every filtered row rather than only the preview page. ## How to use it 1. **Add the CSV** - Paste CSV or TSV text, choose a local file, drag it into the source panel, or load the worked example. 2. **Check the structure** - Confirm the detected delimiter and whether the first record contains column names, then load the data. 3. **Build the filter** - Choose a column and comparison for each rule, add values, then combine rules with all or any logic. 4. **Export the result** - Review the match count and preview, copy the filtered CSV, or download every matching row as a new file. ## Who it's for - **Operations teams** isolating orders by region, status and revenue before sharing a smaller export. - **Analysts** selecting numeric ranges or ISO date windows without writing a script. - **Developers** trimming test fixtures and log exports while preserving quoted multiline fields. - **Researchers** keeping or excluding records from a local dataset without uploading it to a service. ## Expert note A filter can only be as typed as its source. A column becomes numeric, date or boolean only when every nonblank value has that form; mixed columns stay text so identifiers such as 007 and labels such as N/A are not silently coerced. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV file uploaded? No. The file is read, parsed, filtered and exported in your browser. Its rows are not sent to a conversion endpoint or stored by CanDoYa. If the data is sensitive, you should still use a trusted device and follow your organization's local data-handling rules. ### Is this CSV filter free? Yes. You can paste or open a file, combine multiple typed rules, preview the result, copy it and download a filtered CSV without payment or an account. The browser safety limits are displayed in the widget before you load data. ### How large a CSV file can I filter? The tool accepts up to 10 MB and 100,000 data rows. Those bounds keep parsing, live rule changes and export responsive in an ordinary browser tab. For files beyond either limit, use a streaming command-line tool or database instead of splitting an export invisibly. ### Can I filter CSV by multiple columns? Yes. Add rules for any available columns, then choose All rules to require every condition or Any rule to accept a row when at least one condition matches. You can also show the nonmatching rows, which is useful for creating an exception list. ### Which CSV filter conditions are supported? Text columns support contains, equals, starts with, ends with and their common negative forms. Numeric and ISO date columns support equality, ranges and ordered comparisons. Boolean columns support true or false equality. Every type also supports empty and not-empty checks. ### Does it handle commas and line breaks inside quoted fields? Yes. Delimiters and line breaks inside a double-quoted cell remain part of that cell, and doubled quotes become literal quote characters. An unclosed quoted field or invalid text after a closing quote produces a specific error instead of a partial export. ### Are CSV filters case sensitive? Text filters are case insensitive by default, so Europe and europe match. Turn on Match case when capitalization is meaningful. Numeric, date and boolean comparisons do not use that setting because they compare normalized typed values rather than letter case. ### Does the download include only the previewed rows? No. The table preview is paged to stay readable, but Copy CSV and Download CSV include the full filtered result. The export uses standard CSV quoting, CRLF record endings and a UTF-8 byte-order mark so non-Latin text opens reliably in common spreadsheet apps. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Sorter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-sorter/) - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Merger - Combine CSV Files Online" description: "Merge CSV files online by stacking rows and aligning headers. Reorder, preview, copy, and download locally with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-merger/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Merger Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV merger? A CSV merger combines rows from multiple CSV files into one table with a single header. This tool aligns columns by name, preserves the order of your files and rows, previews the result, and creates a clean download entirely in your browser. Your source files are never uploaded. **Use strict mode for repeated exports** that should contain the same fields. Choose union mode when a newer export adds or removes columns. The merger keeps every row in file order and fills unavailable union columns with empty cells. ## How to use it 1. **Add CSV files** - Choose or drop at least two CSV, TSV, or text files. Each file must have a header row. 2. **Set the row order** - Move files up or down. Rows from the first file appear first in the output. 3. **Choose column handling** - Require matching columns for a consistent schema, or use union mode to keep every unique heading. 4. **Merge and export** - Review the merged preview, then copy the CSV or download the complete UTF-8 file. ## Who it's for - **Analysts** combining monthly sales, finance, or operations exports into one reporting table. - **Researchers** stacking survey waves or field-team files before analysis. - **Marketing and support teams** consolidating regional contact or ticket exports with evolving columns. - **Developers** reassembling split CSV data while preserving quoted commas, line breaks, and leading zeros. ## Expert note Header matching ignores capitalization and spaces at the start or end, so “Email” and “ email ” align; repeated headings in one file are rejected because they cannot be mapped without losing data. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my CSV files uploaded? No. The files are read and merged by JavaScript in your browser. Their contents are not sent to CanDoYa for processing. Keep the tab open until you download the result because the workspace is not stored on a server. ### Is the CSV merger free? Yes. You can merge, preview, copy, and download CSV data without creating an account or installing software. The practical limits protect browser responsiveness: up to 25 files, 10 MB of input, 100,000 data rows, and 500 output columns per merge. ### How many CSV files can I combine? You can combine between 2 and 25 files in one workspace, with a combined input size of up to 10 MB. For a larger collection, merge it in smaller groups and then merge those outputs, provided the final result stays within the row and column limits. ### Can I merge CSV files with different columns? Yes. Union mode keeps every unique header in the order it first appears and inserts empty cells where a file lacks that column. Strict mode instead requires the same set of headers in every file, although their source order may differ. ### Does this tool join CSV files by ID? No. It appends rows vertically and does not match records by an ID, email, or other key. If the same customer appears in two files, both rows remain. Use a key-based join or deduplication step when you need one combined record per entity. ### Will quoted commas and line breaks be preserved? Yes. The parser handles quoted commas, embedded line breaks, doubled quotation marks, Unicode text, and empty cells. The exported CSV uses comma separators, CRLF line endings, and a UTF-8 byte order mark for broad spreadsheet compatibility. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV Splitter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-splitter/) - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/) - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Sorter - Sort Rows by Column Online" description: "Sort CSV rows by one or more columns as text, numbers, or dates. Preview, copy, and download the result privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-sorter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Sorter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV sorter? A CSV sorter reorders complete data rows by the values in one or more columns. Choose text, number, date, or automatic comparison, set each direction, and preview the result before copying or downloading it. Quoted fields stay intact, and the file is processed locally in your browser. CSV values are text, but useful ordering depends on what that text represents. Alphabetical comparison puts 10 before 2, while numeric comparison does the opposite. This sorter lets you choose the meaning of each key or use automatic detection when every nonblank value has one clear type. Add secondary keys to make tied rows predictable, such as region ascending and revenue descending. Comma, semicolon, tab, and pipe input are supported. The export keeps the detected delimiter, protects fields that contain separators or line breaks, and never uploads the source. ## How to use it 1. **Add your data** - Paste CSV text, choose a local file, drop one into the widget, or load the example. 2. **Confirm the structure** - Auto-detect or select the delimiter and say whether the first row contains column names, then prepare the CSV. 3. **Set the sort keys** - Choose a column, comparison type, and direction. Add up to three secondary keys to break ties. 4. **Check and export** - Review the sorted rows and resolved automatic types, then copy or download the complete result. ## Who it's for - **Analysts** ordering exports by date, amount, score, or customer before review. - **Operations teams** grouping rows by region or status, then ranking each group with a secondary key. - **Developers** creating deterministic fixtures and stable diffs without changing quoted field content. - **Spreadsheet users** sorting a CSV or TSV quickly without importing it into a workbook. ## Expert note The sorter decorates every data row with its original position and uses that position as the final comparison key. Equal rows therefore remain stable even on older JavaScript engines, while blank values stay at the end in both ascending and descending order. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV file uploaded? No. File reading, parsing, sorting, preview, copy, and download all happen in your browser. The source rows are not sent to a conversion service. The page accepts up to 5 MB, 100,000 data rows, and 500 columns to keep the local workflow responsive. ### Is this CSV sorter free? Yes. You can sort by up to four columns, choose a type and direction for every key, and export the complete result without payment or an account. The limits shown in the widget are practical browser memory and responsiveness safeguards, not a paid-plan gate. ### Can I sort a CSV by multiple columns? Yes. Add sort keys in priority order. For example, choose Region ascending first and Revenue descending second. The second key only compares rows whose region values are equal. You can use up to four unique columns, and equal rows keep their original relative order. ### How do I sort CSV numbers correctly? Choose Number for the column so 2 sorts before 10 in ascending order. Automatic also selects numeric comparison when every nonblank value is a valid finite number. If an explicit numeric column contains text, the tool identifies the source row and asks you to fix it or choose Text. ### How are CSV dates sorted? Choose Date to compare recognized calendar values by timestamp rather than alphabetically. Clear formats such as 2026-05-12 and ISO date-times are the safest. Automatic uses date comparison only when every nonblank value looks like a date; mixed or ambiguous columns fall back to natural text ordering. ### What happens to blank cells when sorting? Blank values stay after filled values in both ascending and descending order. This avoids moving incomplete records to the top when you reverse a sort. If two rows are otherwise equal, their original order is retained by the stable final comparison. ### Does it handle commas, quotes, and line breaks inside cells? Yes. The parser recognizes separators and line breaks inside double-quoted fields and converts doubled quotes to literal quote characters. Export quotes those fields again and uses CRLF record endings, so a customer such as Lovelace, Ada stays in one cell and one row. ### Can I sort TSV or semicolon-separated data? Yes. Leave delimiter selection on automatic or choose comma, semicolon, tab, or pipe. The sorted export keeps the prepared source delimiter, and TSV uploads receive a .tsv download name. All cell values remain text until a selected comparison rule interprets them for ordering. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/) - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/) - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Splitter - Split Files Online Privately" description: "Split CSV files by row count, equal parts, or column value. Keep headers, preview every part, and download a private local ZIP without uploads." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-splitter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Splitter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV splitter? A CSV splitter divides one comma-separated file into smaller, valid CSV files. You can cap the rows in each file, request a set number of balanced files, or group records by a column value. Every part can retain the original header, and processing stays in your browser. Large exports often exceed an import tool's row limit or become awkward to share. This splitter parses the file before dividing it, so commas and line breaks inside quoted cells do not become false row boundaries. It also detects comma, semicolon, tab, and pipe input while writing portable comma-separated output. Use a row limit for CRM or mailing-list imports, equal parts for distributing work, or a column split to make one file per region, status, or owner. Review a small preview, download one CSV, or save all parts in a ZIP. The source never leaves your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Add the CSV** - Paste the source, choose a local CSV or TSV file, drag one into the widget, or load the example. 2. **Confirm its structure** - Leave delimiter detection on automatic or select the separator, then say whether the first row contains column names. 3. **Choose a split method** - Set rows per file, request a balanced number of files, or choose a column whose distinct values should form groups. 4. **Review and download** - Inspect each part's name, row count, size, and preview, then download one CSV or every part in a ZIP. ## Who it's for - **Operations teams** breaking customer or inventory exports into batches that fit an import row limit. - **Analysts** distributing a dataset across a fixed number of reviewers without manually counting rows. - **Sales teams** creating separate files for each region, territory, owner, or account status. - **Developers** preparing smaller fixtures while preserving quoted commas, line breaks, Unicode text, and leading zeros. ## Expert note Splitting CSV by physical lines is unsafe because a quoted cell may legally contain a line break. This tool parses records first, then serializes every output field with doubled quotes and CRLF record endings, so embedded commas, quotes, and newlines survive the split. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV file uploaded? No. The browser reads, parses, splits, previews, compresses, and downloads your file locally. Your rows are not sent to a conversion service. The page accepts up to 8 MB and 100,000 data rows so the full in-memory workflow stays responsive on typical devices. ### Is this CSV splitter free? Yes. You can use all three split methods, preview every output, copy individual CSV parts, and download a ZIP without payment or an account. The only practical caps are 8 MB, 100,000 data rows, and 200 output files per split. ### How many CSV files can I create? One split can create up to 200 files. If a small row limit or a high-cardinality column would exceed that total, the tool asks you to choose a larger row size, fewer equal parts, or a column with fewer unique values instead of creating hundreds of downloads. ### Does every split file keep the header row? Yes, when First row contains column names is selected. The header is copied into every output file but is not counted against the data-row limit. Turn the option off for headerless input, and the first record will be treated as ordinary data. ### Can I split a CSV into a fixed number of files? Yes. Choose Number of files and enter the desired count. Rows are divided as evenly as possible, with any remainder assigned one row at a time to the earliest files. The tool never creates empty files when you request more parts than there are rows. ### Can I split a CSV by a column value? Yes. After preparing a CSV with a header, choose Unique column value and select a column. Every distinct cell value receives its own CSV, while blank values share a clearly named blank group. Output filenames are sanitized and collision-safe. ### Will quoted commas and multiline cells stay intact? Yes. The parser recognizes delimiters and line breaks inside double-quoted fields, converts doubled quotes back to literal quotes, and re-escapes those values in every output. A malformed closing quote produces a specific error instead of silently splitting the wrong records. ### Does the splitter preserve leading zeros and Unicode text? Yes. Cells stay as text throughout the workflow, so identifiers such as 007 are not converted to numbers. Accents, emoji, and non-Latin scripts remain in UTF-8 output, and downloaded files include a byte-order mark to help spreadsheet applications recognize the encoding. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/) - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Statistics - Profile Columns Online" description: "Calculate CSV statistics for every column, including missing values, uniques, quartiles, mean, median and standard deviation, in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Statistics Tool Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a CSV statistics tool calculate? A CSV statistics tool profiles each column in a comma-separated dataset. It counts filled, missing and unique values, detects common data types, finds frequent values and calculates numeric measures such as mean, median, quartiles and sample standard deviation. This tool does that locally, without uploading your rows. Paste CSV text or choose a CSV or TSV file. The profiler follows quoted-field rules, so delimiters and line breaks inside double quotes stay in one cell. You can override delimiter detection and define markers such as NA, N/A or null as missing values. The dataset summary highlights duplicate rows and inconsistent field counts before you inspect individual columns. Numeric columns receive a compact distribution, while text, date, boolean, mixed and empty columns still show missingness, cardinality and the five most common values. Download the full column report when you need a record of the check. ## How to use it 1. **Add the CSV** - Paste CSV or TSV text, choose a local file, drag one into the source panel, or load the sample dataset. 2. **Confirm parsing options** - Leave delimiter detection on automatic or choose a separator, indicate whether the first row is a header, and edit the comma-separated missing markers if needed. 3. **Analyze the dataset** - Select Analyze CSV, review the row, column, numeric, missing and duplicate totals, then choose any column for its detailed profile. 4. **Save the report** - Download one CSV row per source column with type, completeness, cardinality, numeric statistics and the most common value. ## Who it's for - **Data analysts** checking an export for missing values, duplicates and suspicious distributions before starting exploratory analysis. - **Developers** validating CSV fixtures and import files without writing a one-off script or exposing production-like data. - **Operations teams** reviewing customer, inventory or finance exports before loading them into another system. - **Researchers** getting a quick view of numeric ranges, quartiles and categorical frequencies in a local dataset. ## Expert note The reported standard deviation uses the sample formula with an n - 1 denominator, while quartiles use linear interpolation at the 25th and 75th percentiles. Missing markers are excluded from those calculations, but a numeric-looking identifier such as 007 stays text to avoid silently dropping meaningful leading zeros. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV file uploaded? No. The browser reads the file and calculates every dataset and column statistic on your device. Your raw rows are not sent to a conversion or analysis service. As with any website, avoid opening sensitive data on a browser or device managed by someone you do not trust. ### Is the CSV statistics tool free? Yes. You can paste or open data, adjust the delimiter and missing-value markers, inspect every column, and download the statistics report without payment or an account. The tool has a clear file and row limit so analysis remains responsive in an ordinary browser tab. ### How large a CSV file can I analyze? The tool accepts up to 5 MB of CSV or TSV text and profiles the first 50,000 data rows. It still reports the full parsed row count and marks a truncated analysis. For larger datasets, use a streaming profiler, database engine or desktop data-analysis package. ### Which CSV summary statistics are included? Every column shows filled, missing and unique counts plus its five most common values. Fully numeric columns also show sum, mean, median, minimum, maximum, 25th percentile, 75th percentile and sample standard deviation. Dataset totals include rows, columns, numeric columns, missing cells and duplicate rows. ### How are missing values detected? Blank cells always count as missing. The editable marker list also treats values such as NA, N/A, null, none and undefined as missing without regard to letter case. Remove a marker if that exact text is a legitimate category in your dataset; spaces around a marker are ignored. ### Does it handle quoted commas and line breaks? Yes. Double-quoted cells can contain the selected delimiter and line breaks, and two quote characters inside a quoted cell become one literal quote. An unclosed quote or invalid text after a closing quote produces a specific error while keeping the source available for correction. ### How does the tool identify numeric columns? A column is numeric only when every filled value has a finite, lossless numeric form. A mix of numbers and other text is labeled mixed instead of silently dropping the text values. Integers beyond JavaScript's safe range and identifiers with leading zeros remain non-numeric. ### What is the difference between sample and population standard deviation? Sample standard deviation divides the squared deviations by n - 1 and estimates variability in a larger population from observed rows. Population standard deviation divides by n and describes the complete population. This report uses the sample version and leaves it unavailable when a numeric column has only one filled value. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/) - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/) - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV to Chart - Free Online Graph Maker" description: "Turn CSV into bar, line, or pie charts online. Paste or upload data, choose columns, then download SVG or PNG. Your data stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # CSV to Chart Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you turn a CSV into a chart? A CSV to chart tool reads the header row, finds numeric columns, and plots each later row as a bar, line point, or pie slice. Paste or upload your CSV, map a label column and value series, then download the finished chart as SVG or PNG. This chart maker handles comma, semicolon, tab, and pipe-separated files, including quoted fields with embedded delimiters. It detects the separator and numeric columns locally, so spreadsheet exports and private reports never need to leave your browser. Use a bar chart to compare categories, a line chart for ordered change, and a pie chart when one positive series represents parts of a whole. ## How to use it 1. **Add your CSV** - Paste data with headers, upload a CSV or TSV file, or load the example. 2. **Map the columns** - Choose bar, line, or pie, then select the label column and one or more numeric value series. 3. **Export the chart** - Check the live preview, then copy its SVG markup or download the chart as SVG or PNG. ## Who it's for - **Analysts** checking survey, sales, or campaign exports without opening a spreadsheet application. - **Students and teachers** turning small experiment tables into clear charts for notes, reports, and presentations. - **Developers** inspecting test fixtures, logs, and generated CSV files before adding them to a dashboard. - **Small teams** creating a quick PNG for a slide or an editable SVG for a document. ## Expert note A pie chart is only meaningful when one nonnegative series forms parts of a total. For time trends or values that can fall below zero, a line or bar chart preserves the comparison without implying a whole. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV uploaded anywhere? No. CSV parsing, column detection, chart rendering, and export all run locally in your browser. The file or text you add is not sent to a chart service or stored in an account. ### Is the CSV chart maker free? Yes. You can paste or upload CSV, switch chart types, select columns, and download SVG or PNG without signing up or paying. There is no watermark on the exported chart. ### How many rows can I chart? The parser can read larger files, but the preview plots the first 60 data rows to keep labels and marks readable. For a clearer result, filter or summarize a large dataset before charting it. ### What CSV formats are supported? The tool accepts comma, semicolon, tab, and pipe delimiters. Auto-detect checks the first complete record, and quoted values can contain delimiters, line breaks, and escaped double quotes. ### Which chart type should I choose? Use bars to compare categories, lines to show change across an ordered axis, and pie slices for positive values that make up one whole. A pie chart rejects negative values because they cannot represent a share of a total. ### Can I chart more than one numeric column? Yes. Bar and line charts can show up to four numeric series together. Pie charts use one series at a time so every slice has a clear label and a meaningful percentage. ### Can I use the exported chart in a presentation? Yes. Download PNG for slides, email, and documents, or SVG when you need a sharp scalable graphic that can be edited in vector design software. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/) - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/) - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV to JSON Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Convert CSV to JSON online with header, delimiter and type controls. Handles quoted commas and multiline fields privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # CSV to JSON Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert CSV to JSON? A CSV to JSON converter reads tabular rows and creates structured JSON. Paste CSV here and the header row becomes object keys while each later row becomes an object. The converter handles quoted commas, escaped quotes and multiline fields, then gives you formatted JSON to copy or download. CSV stores a table as delimited text, while JSON stores data as arrays and objects that applications can consume directly. This converter supports comma, semicolon, tab and pipe delimiters. Turn off the header option for an array of arrays, or enable type detection when you want safe numbers, booleans, nulls and empty cells represented as JSON primitives. Conversion runs locally in your browser. Your spreadsheet exports, fixtures and customer data are not uploaded or sent to a conversion service. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your CSV** - Enter CSV in the left panel or load the example to see a correctly quoted file. 2. **Choose the structure** - Keep the first row as headers for JSON objects, select a delimiter if auto-detect is not right, and optionally detect JSON types. 3. **Use the JSON** - Review the live formatted output, then copy it or download data.json. ## Who it's for - **Developers** creating API fixtures, seed records or test data from spreadsheet exports. - **Data teams** moving flat reports into scripts, notebooks and pipelines that accept JSON. - **Analysts** checking a CSV structure before importing records into an application or database. ## Expert note Quoted CSV values remain JSON strings even when type detection is on, and unquoted numbers convert only when JavaScript can round-trip the exact text. That keeps ZIP codes such as 07030 and IDs such as 007 from losing their leading zeros. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this CSV to JSON converter free? Yes. You can convert CSV to JSON without signing up, installing software or paying for a plan. The conversion runs in your browser and the result can be copied or downloaded as a JSON file. ### Is my CSV uploaded anywhere? No. The converter processes the text locally in your browser. Your CSV and generated JSON are not sent to a server, which makes the tool suitable for private exports and development data. ### Does it handle commas and line breaks inside quoted fields? Yes. Double-quoted fields can contain the selected delimiter and line breaks. Two consecutive double quotes inside a quoted value become one literal quote, following the common RFC 4180 CSV convention. ### What happens if the CSV has no header row? Turn off the first-row header option. The converter will produce a JSON array of arrays, so every CSV row remains a row and no values are treated as object keys. ### Can it convert semicolon, tab or pipe-separated data? Yes. Auto-detect checks the first complete record for comma, semicolon, tab and pipe separators. You can also choose a delimiter manually when a file is unusual or detection is ambiguous. ### How does JSON type detection work? When enabled, unquoted true, false and null values become JSON primitives, empty cells become null, and safe canonical numbers become JSON numbers. Quoted values, leading-zero IDs and values that could lose precision remain strings. ## Related tools - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV to Markdown Table Converter" description: "Convert CSV to a Markdown table with live preview, delimiter detection, alignment, safe escaping, copy, and download. Your data stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-markdown-table/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # CSV to Markdown Table Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do I convert CSV to a Markdown table? Paste CSV or TSV data, and this converter turns it into a GitHub-Flavored Markdown pipe table you can use in a README, issue, wiki, or notes app. It detects common delimiters, handles quoted fields and embedded line breaks, escapes pipe characters, and keeps the entire conversion in your browser. The converter accepts comma, semicolon, tab, and pipe delimiters. You can keep the first row as the header or generate numbered column names, then choose Markdown alignment and readable source padding. This page is for direct conversion of existing data. Use the related Markdown Table Generator when you want to build and edit a table cell by cell. ## How to use it 1. **Add the CSV** - Paste CSV or TSV into the input, load the example, or open a local .csv or .tsv file. 2. **Check the structure** - Confirm the delimiter and whether the first row contains headers, then choose a column alignment. 3. **Review the table** - Switch between the Markdown source and the rendered preview. Optional formatting controls can pad columns or trim cell edges. 4. **Use the result** - Copy the Markdown table or download table.md for your README, documentation, issue, or notes. ## Who it's for - **Developers** can move release data, API fields, or benchmark results into GitHub README files and pull requests. - **Technical writers** can turn spreadsheet exports into tables for documentation sites, wikis, and knowledge bases. - **Analysts** can share a small CSV extract in an issue or report without attaching a spreadsheet. - **Obsidian and notes users** can convert copied spreadsheet ranges into portable Markdown tables. ## Expert note Quoted CSV fields may contain delimiters, doubled quotes, and real line breaks. The parser keeps those fields together, changes embedded line breaks to ` `, and escapes both backslashes and pipes so they cannot split a Markdown row. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV uploaded to a server? No. The file reader, CSV parser, Markdown formatter, and preview run locally in your browser. The tool does not upload the rows you paste or the files you open, so draft documentation and internal data stay on your device. ### Is the CSV to Markdown converter free? Yes. You can paste data, open a local CSV or TSV file, preview the table, copy the Markdown, and download a .md file without signing up. The browser tool supports inputs up to 2 MB, 10,000 data rows, and 200 columns. ### Does it handle commas and line breaks inside quoted fields? Yes. A double-quoted CSV field can contain the chosen delimiter, doubled quote characters, and line breaks. The parser keeps that content in one cell. Embedded line breaks become ` ` because a literal newline would otherwise split the Markdown table row. ### Can I convert TSV or semicolon-separated data? Yes. Auto-detect checks comma, semicolon, tab, and pipe delimiters. You can also select the delimiter manually when the first record is ambiguous. A tab-separated range copied from Excel, Google Sheets, Numbers, or LibreOffice works like a TSV file. ### Will pipe characters break the Markdown table? No. Pipe characters inside cell values are escaped before the Markdown is generated. Backslashes are escaped first, so existing backslashes and literal pipes survive without accidentally creating extra columns in compatible Markdown renderers. ### What happens when the CSV has no header row? Turn off First row is a header. The converter creates Column 1, Column 2, and so on, then keeps every source row as table data. Markdown pipe tables require a header and separator row, even when the original CSV does not include headings. ### What does column padding change? Padding adds spaces so pipes line up in the raw Markdown source, which makes the table easier to review in a text editor or code diff. It does not change the cell values or the rendered table. Disable it when you prefer more compact Markdown. ## Related tools - [Markdown Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-table-generator/) - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [CSV to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-xml/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV to SQL Converter - Generate INSERT Scripts" description: "Convert CSV to SQL INSERT statements for PostgreSQL, MySQL or SQLite. Preserve IDs, control NULLs, review column types and download SQL in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-sql/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # CSV to SQL Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do I convert CSV to SQL? Paste CSV or open a UTF-8 file, choose PostgreSQL, MySQL or SQLite, and generate a SQL script. This CSV to SQL converter writes quoted CREATE TABLE and INSERT statements on your device. Columns stay text by default, preserving leading-zero IDs and exact decimal strings until you choose to infer types. ## Preserve values before choosing types CSV stores fields, not a database schema. The default keeps every value as text, including dates, decimals and the word NULL. Optional inference scans the entire column and accepts only unquoted signed 64-bit integers or lowercase true/false. A quoted numeric value, leading zero, decimal or out-of-range integer keeps that whole column as text. Review the result against your target schema. ## Empty strings and SQL NULL are different By default, an empty CSV cell becomes an empty SQL string. The NULL option changes only unquoted empty cells. A quoted empty field stays an empty string, and spaces are never trimmed. Blank physical records are skipped. Ragged rows, duplicate headers and malformed quoting stop conversion instead of silently dropping values. ## How to use it 1. **Add your CSV** - Paste CSV, open a local CSV or TSV file, or load the example. The first row supplies column names by default. 2. **Choose the SQL output** - Choose your SQL dialect and table name. Open CSV and SQL options to change delimiters, batching, type inference or empty-cell handling. 3. **Generate and review** - Select Generate SQL. Review the output and column types, then copy the complete script or download the .sql file. 4. **Run in your database client** - Run the reviewed script in your own database client using a UTF-8 connection. This page never connects to a database. ## Who it's for - Create a small development seed dataset from a spreadsheet export. - Preserve postal codes and customer IDs such as 00123 as database text. - Prepare INSERT statements for an existing table without adding CREATE TABLE. - Compare generated scripts for PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite before importing. ## Expert note MySQL backslashes depend on SQL mode. For strings containing backslashes or control characters, this converter emits UTF-8 hexadecimal expressions with CONVERT(... USING utf8mb4), so those values survive both ordinary mode and NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES. PostgreSQL uses explicit E string literals; SQLite keeps backslashes literal. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV uploaded to a server? No. File reading, CSV parsing and SQL generation run in your browser. The converter does not send your dataset to a server or connect to a database. Copy and download use the script generated on your device. ### Is this CSV to SQL converter free? Yes. You can paste data, open files and download SQL without an account or payment. There is no database connection to configure. You need your own database client to execute the generated script after reviewing it. ### What are the file and row limits? Input is limited to 2 MiB of UTF-8 text, 10,000 data rows, 100 columns and 200,000 total cells including headers. Generated SQL is capped at 12 MiB. Larger imports are better handled with a database bulk loader. The on-page preview is shortened after 60,000 characters; exports remain complete. ### Can I generate SQL for MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite? Yes. Each dialect gets its own identifier quoting, string handling and column types. Text maps to LONGTEXT with utf8mb4 in MySQL and TEXT elsewhere. Inferred integers use BIGINT in PostgreSQL and MySQL, or INTEGER in SQLite. Inferred SQLite booleans use integer 1 and 0. ### Will leading zeros and large numbers be preserved? Yes, in the default text mode. Optional inference also leaves leading-zero values, decimals and integers outside the signed 64-bit range as text. Integer conversion uses the original decimal digits rather than JavaScript floating-point numbers. Existing table types can still coerce values when you run the script. ### How do I handle CSV without a header? Turn off First row contains column names. The converter creates column_1, column_2 and so on, and treats the first record as data. With headers enabled, names are kept exactly and quoted. Blank, duplicate, overly long or unsupported names must be corrected before export. ### Does this tool create a SQLite database file? No. It downloads a UTF-8 .sql text script, not a database file. Execute that script using SQLite or your chosen database client. The tool does not infer decimal precision, dates, primary keys, indexes or relationships, and it does not check an existing database schema. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [SQL Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV to XML Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free CSV to XML converter for clean, well-formed XML with custom tags and delimiters. Paste CSV, copy or download XML, all in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-xml/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # CSV to XML Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert CSV to XML? A CSV to XML converter maps each spreadsheet row to an XML element and each column to a child tag. Paste your CSV, choose the delimiter and tag names, then copy or download well-formed XML. Quoted fields and special characters are handled locally in your browser. CSV stores data as a flat grid, while XML wraps values in named elements. This converter uses the first CSV row as column names by default, turns every later row into a record, and safely escapes ampersands and angle brackets. Headers that contain spaces or punctuation become valid, unique XML tag names. The conversion runs locally with no upload or account. You can choose comma, semicolon, tab or pipe input, rename the root and row elements, add the UTF-8 XML declaration, and switch between readable indentation and compact output. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the CSV** - Paste your data into the CSV panel, or load the example to see quoted fields and XML escaping. 2. **Set the structure** - Choose the delimiter, confirm whether the first row is a header, and set the root and row tag names. 3. **Review the XML** - Check the live output and row count, then choose readable or compact formatting. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the finished XML or save it as a UTF-8 .xml file. ## Who it's for - **Developers** adapting spreadsheet exports for XML APIs, fixtures, import jobs or test data. - **Data teams** converting flat CSV extracts into a tagged interchange format before mapping them to a schema. - **System administrators** preparing records for legacy tools that accept XML but not CSV. ## Expert note XML element names cannot start with a number or contain spaces. This converter normalizes CSV headers into safe tags and adds numeric suffixes to duplicates, so columns named 'Order ID', '2nd value' and another 'Order ID' remain separate as , and . ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV uploaded when I convert it to XML? No. Parsing, XML escaping and file creation all happen in your browser. The CSV and generated XML are not sent to a conversion server, which makes the tool suitable for internal exports and other data you do not want to upload. ### Is the CSV to XML converter free? Yes. You can convert, copy and download XML without an account, payment or software install. The tool runs in your browser and does not place a usage gate on the number of conversions. ### How much CSV data can I convert? There is no fixed server upload limit because your data stays on your device. Very large files still depend on your browser's available memory and may make live conversion slower, so a desktop script or streaming parser is better for multi-gigabyte exports. ### Does the converter handle commas and line breaks inside quoted fields? Yes. The parser supports double-quoted CSV fields containing delimiters or line breaks, plus doubled quotes used as escaped quote characters. It also accepts CRLF, LF and CR row endings and removes a leading UTF-8 byte order mark. ### What happens to spaces or duplicate names in CSV headers? Headers are converted to legal XML element names. Unsupported punctuation and spaces become hyphens, names beginning with a number gain an underscore, blank headers become numbered column tags, and repeated names receive a numeric suffix so no column is discarded. ### Which CSV delimiters are supported? Choose comma, semicolon, tab or pipe, or leave auto-detect selected. Auto-detection checks the first complete record outside quoted fields. Selecting the delimiter yourself is best when a one-column file contains punctuation that could be mistaken for a separator. ### Does this generate an XML schema? No. The converter creates a well-formed XML document from tabular rows, but it does not infer or generate XSD rules, data types, namespaces or nested relationships. Add those separately when the destination system requires a specific schema. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV to YAML Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online CSV to YAML converter. Paste CSV and get clean YAML instantly, with header keys, type detection and auto delimiter. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # CSV to YAML Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert CSV to YAML? Paste your CSV into the converter and it turns each row into YAML: the first row becomes the keys and every following row becomes a YAML mapping in a list. It auto-detects the delimiter, optionally converts numbers and booleans to real YAML scalars, and runs entirely in your browser. CSV is a flat grid of text with no data types; YAML is a structured, human-readable format used for configuration, fixtures and data files. This tool bridges the two: with a header row, each record becomes a YAML mapping (`key: value`) inside a sequence; without one, each row becomes a plain list of values. Quoted fields, embedded commas and line breaks, and escaped quotes are all parsed correctly. Everything happens locally in your browser. Your data is never uploaded, logged or sent to a server, so it is safe to convert spreadsheets that contain private or sensitive records. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your CSV** - Paste or type CSV into the left panel, or load the example to see the format. 2. **Set the options** - Keep 'First row is a header' on for keyed mappings, choose a delimiter (or leave it on auto), and toggle number and boolean detection. 3. **Copy the YAML** - The YAML updates live on the right. Copy it or download it as a .yaml file. ## Who it's for - **DevOps and developers** turning a spreadsheet of settings into YAML config, Kubernetes manifests, or seed and fixture data. - **Data engineers** converting exported CSV tables into YAML for tools and pipelines that expect it. - **Anyone** who needs readable, structured YAML from a quick CSV export without installing Python, jq or yq. ## Expert note CSV has no types, so a value like 07030, 3.0 or 'yes' is just text. This converter only turns a cell into a real YAML number or boolean when it round-trips exactly, which means a ZIP code, a phone number with a leading zero, or an ID like 007 stays a quoted string instead of silently becoming 7030 or 7. ## Frequently asked questions ### Does the first row have to be a header? No. Keep 'First row is a header' on to turn each record into a keyed YAML mapping. Turn it off and every row becomes a simple YAML list of values instead, which is useful when your CSV has no column names. ### What delimiters are supported? Comma, semicolon, tab and pipe. Auto-detect inspects the first line and picks the most likely one, so European semicolon files and tab-separated exports work without changing any settings. ### Will it keep leading zeros and long numbers? Yes. With type detection on, a cell only becomes a YAML number when it converts back to the exact same text. Values like 007, 07030 or very long IDs stay quoted strings, so no data is lost or reformatted. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript. Nothing you paste is sent to a server, stored or logged, so it is safe for private spreadsheets. ### Are quoted fields with commas handled? Yes. Fields wrapped in double quotes can contain commas, line breaks and escaped double quotes (written as two quotes), and the parser keeps them intact in the YAML output. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "CSV Viewer - Open, Search and Sort Files" description: "Open CSV and TSV files in a clean, searchable table. Sort columns, page through rows, copy or download a filtered view, all in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free CSV Viewer Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a CSV viewer? A CSV viewer opens comma-separated or tab-separated data as a readable table without changing the source file. Paste text or choose a file, then search every cell, sort columns by text, numbers, or dates, move through bounded pages, and export the filtered view directly in your browser. CSV files look simple, but commas inside addresses, line breaks inside notes and doubled quote characters all change how a row must be parsed. This viewer follows those quoting rules, detects comma, semicolon, tab and pipe delimiters, and lets you override the guess when a file uses a different structure. The viewer keeps your source text intact. Rows with fewer fields are padded in the preview, wider rows get extra columns, and a warning reports the mismatch. Nothing is uploaded, and the table is limited to 5 MB and 50,000 working rows to keep an ordinary browser tab responsive. ## How to use it 1. **Add your data** - Paste CSV or TSV text, choose a local file, drag one into the source panel, or load the example. 2. **Confirm the structure** - Leave delimiter detection on automatic or choose comma, semicolon, tab or pipe, then decide whether the first row contains column names. 3. **Explore the table** - Search across every cell, select a column heading to sort it, and use pagination to move through large results. 4. **Take the useful rows** - Copy the current page as tab-separated data or download every filtered, sorted row as a new CSV file. ## Who it's for - **Analysts** checking exports for missing values, unexpected columns or date ranges before importing them elsewhere. - **Developers** inspecting fixtures, logs and API exports without opening a spreadsheet application. - **Operations teams** finding customer, order or inventory records in a private local file. - **Researchers** reviewing tab-separated datasets while preserving quoted notes and non-Latin text. ## Expert note CSV does not define data types. This viewer sorts a column numerically only when every nonblank value is a safe numeric shape, and it treats leading-zero values such as 007 as text so identifiers do not silently behave like the number 7. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my CSV file uploaded? No. File reading, delimiter detection, parsing, search, sorting and export all run in your browser. The tool does not send your rows to a conversion service. As with any website, avoid pasting sensitive data if your browser or device is managed by someone you do not trust. ### Is this CSV viewer free? Yes. You can paste or open data, change delimiter and header settings, search rows, sort columns, copy a page and download a filtered view without payment or an account. The practical limits are shown in the widget so the browser stays responsive. ### How large a CSV file can I open? The viewer accepts files up to 5 MB and keeps up to 50,000 data rows in its searchable and sortable working set. If a source contains more rows, the page reports the total and clearly marks the limit. Use a desktop or streaming database tool for much larger files. ### Can it open TSV and semicolon-separated files? Yes. Automatic detection checks comma, semicolon, tab and pipe separators in the first complete record. You can override that result from the delimiter menu. Files ending in .tsv start in tab mode, but you can still choose another delimiter before reopening the table. ### Does it handle commas and line breaks inside cells? Yes. A cell wrapped in double quotes can contain delimiters and line breaks. Two double quotes inside a quoted cell become one literal quote. If a closing quote is missing or followed by invalid text, the viewer preserves your source and shows a specific repair message. ### What happens when rows have different numbers of fields? The viewer keeps every value instead of discarding an inconsistent row. Short rows receive blank preview cells, while wider rows expand the table and receive generated column names when needed. A warning shows how many rows differ from the first record's field count. ### How does column sorting work? A column sorts as numbers only when every nonblank value has a consistent numeric form, and as dates only when every nonblank value uses an ISO-style date or timestamp. Other columns use case-insensitive natural text sorting, so values such as Item 2 appear before Item 10. ### Can I save only the matching rows? Yes. Search first, apply any column sort, then choose Download view to save all matching rows in their current order as UTF-8 CSV. Copy page copies only the visible page as tab-separated text, which pastes cleanly into Excel, Google Sheets and similar grids. ## Related tools - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [Markdown Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-table-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Dark Mode Color Converter for UI Themes" description: "Convert light-theme background, surface, text, and accent colors into a contrast-aware dark mode palette. Preview roles and copy CSS instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/dark-mode-color-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Dark Mode Color Converter Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a dark mode color converter? A dark mode color converter maps the semantic colors in a light interface to darker background and surface values, lighter text, and a visible accent. This tool preserves color relationships where practical, checks the important pairs for luminance contrast, and exports both themes as CSS variables. Dark mode is not a photographic negative. Direct inversion can turn brand accents harsh, flatten the difference between a page and its cards, and leave text pairs unreadable. This converter treats each input as a **semantic role**, then adapts its luminance for a dark canvas while retaining its hue character. The result is a transparent starting point, not an accessibility certificate. Exact ratios are shown for the generated pairs, and every calculation runs locally in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the light-theme roles** - Add hex values for the page background, card surface, body text, and accent color, or use the example palette. 2. **Inspect the dark preview** - Compare the same interface in both themes and review the text, accent, and surface contrast readings. 3. **Copy the dark theme** - Copy individual generated colors or export the complete light and dark CSS variable block. ## Who it's for - **Product designers** translating an existing light UI into a first dark-theme draft without losing its color identity. - **Front-end developers** who want paired CSS custom properties for `prefers-color-scheme`. - **Design-system teams** checking text, accent, and surface roles before testing full component states. ## Expert note Surface separation has no universal WCAG pass threshold because adjacent surfaces are not necessarily meaningful UI components. This tool uses 1.15:1 as a modest visual differentiation guide, while text is checked at 4.5:1 and the accent at 3:1. Test actual borders, controls, and focus indicators against their own adjacent colors. ## Frequently asked questions ### Can I convert a light color palette to dark mode automatically? Yes. Enter the four semantic roles from your light interface and the converter produces deterministic dark candidates. It preserves hue where useful, compresses backgrounds into a dark luminance range, and adjusts text and accent lightness to meet the displayed contrast targets. ### Why should I not simply invert every color? Raw inversion ignores what each color does. A page background, card surface, paragraph, and brand accent need different treatment. Inversion can make accents too bright, reduce surface hierarchy, and change familiar brand relationships. Semantic conversion adapts each role separately. ### What contrast ratio should dark mode text have? WCAG Level AA requires at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. Level AAA raises normal text to 7:1. These ratios apply equally to light and dark themes and are based on relative luminance, not the names of the colors. ### Does the converter guarantee an accessible dark theme? No. It checks the generated opaque sRGB pairs shown in the result, but accessibility also depends on component states, focus indicators, typography, images, overlays, color blindness, zoom, and whether color alone communicates meaning. Test the complete interface before release. ### Can I use these colors with CSS dark mode? Yes. The CSS export defines the original values on `:root` and places the converted values inside `@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark)`. You can rename the variables or move the dark block under a class or data attribute if your theme uses a manual switch. ### Are my colors uploaded? No. Hex parsing, HSL adaptation, contrast calculations, previews, and CSS generation all run in your browser. The tool does not upload your palette or require an account. ## Related tools - [Accessible Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Data Storage Converter - Bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB" description: "Convert data storage units instantly between bits, bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB and IEC units such as KiB, MiB and GiB. Free and private in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Data Storage Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert data storage units? Enter a data size, choose its unit, and select the unit you need. This data storage converter calculates bits, bytes, decimal KB, MB, GB and TB, plus binary KiB, MiB, GiB and TiB at once. It clearly separates powers of 1000 from powers of 1024 so the result is unambiguous. The converter uses the byte as a common base. Decimal storage units follow SI powers of 1000, so 1 GB is exactly 1,000,000,000 bytes. Binary IEC units follow powers of 1024, so 1 GiB is 1,073,741,824 bytes. Bits convert exactly at eight bits per byte. Results update as you type and stay on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the data size** - Type a non-negative number. Both a dot and a single comma work as the decimal mark. 2. **Choose the source and target units** - Select bits, decimal byte units such as GB, or binary IEC units such as GiB. Use the swap button to reverse them. 3. **Read or copy the result** - The main result updates immediately, and the tables show the same amount in every supported unit. ## Who it's for - **Drive and cloud buyers** comparing advertised decimal capacity with the binary value an operating system may display. - **Developers and system administrators** checking file-size limits, memory allocations and storage quotas across unit conventions. - **Video and media teams** turning large bit or byte totals into a readable MB, GB or TB figure. - **Students** learning why kilobytes and kibibytes have different values instead of treating 1000 and 1024 as interchangeable. ## Expert note KB and KiB are not two spellings for the same unit: 1 kB is exactly 1000 bytes, while 1 KiB is exactly 1024 bytes. The gap compounds at every prefix, which is why a 1 TB drive equals about 931.323 GiB even though no storage has disappeared. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this data storage converter free? Yes. The converter is free to use with no sign-up, download or conversion limit. All calculations run locally in your browser. ### Is any value I enter uploaded? No. The conversion is simple arithmetic performed on your device. Your value is not sent to a server or stored by the tool. ### What is the difference between KB and KiB? A kilobyte (kB or KB in common usage) is 1000 bytes under the decimal SI convention. A kibibyte (KiB) is 1024 bytes under the IEC binary convention. This converter labels them separately instead of silently treating KB as 1024 bytes. ### How many bytes are in a megabyte? One decimal megabyte (MB) is exactly 1,000,000 bytes. One binary mebibyte (MiB) is 1,048,576 bytes. Choose MB or MiB according to the convention used by your drive, file-size limit or software. ### Why does a 1 TB drive show about 931 GB? Drive makers normally advertise 1 TB as one trillion bytes. Some operating systems divide that number by 1024 three times but label the result GB, producing about 931.323. The technically precise binary label for that displayed value is GiB. ### How many bits are in one byte? There are exactly eight bits in one byte. Unit symbols are case-sensitive: lowercase b means bit, while uppercase B means byte, so 1 MB is eight times as much data as 1 Mbit. ### Can I convert decimal and binary units in the same calculation? Yes. You can convert directly from any supported unit to any other, including GB to GiB, MiB to MB, bits to bytes and TB to TiB. The complete table updates at the same time. ## Related tools - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/) - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/) - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Date Calculator - Add or Subtract Days" description: "Free date calculator to add or subtract days, weeks, months and years from any date. Instant, private and accurate for month-end dates." url: https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Date Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What does a date calculator do? A date calculator adds or subtracts calendar time from a start date. Enter a date, choose add or subtract, then set years, months, weeks and days. The result updates instantly in your browser, including month-end cases such as January 31 plus one month. This tool runs locally in your browser. Your dates are **never uploaded or stored**, and the result updates as soon as you change any field. It is built for quick planning work: deadlines, renewal dates, follow-ups, subscriptions, project milestones and travel dates. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the start date** - Pick or type the date you want to calculate from. 2. **Select add or subtract** - Use Add for future dates and Subtract for dates before the start date. 3. **Enter the offset** - Fill in any mix of years, months, weeks and days. Blank fields count as zero. 4. **Read or copy the result** - The calculated date, ISO date, day difference and month-end adjustment note update instantly. ## Who it's for - **Project planning** when you need a milestone date 2 weeks, 30 days or 6 months from kickoff. - **Admin deadlines** such as renewals, reminders, notice periods and follow-up dates. - **Travel planning** for visa windows, return dates and booking timelines. - **Personal scheduling** for habits, warranties, medication cycles and event countdowns. - **Calendar checks** when month-end dates might roll to February 28, February 29 or the 30th. ## Expert note Calendar months are not fixed-length units. This calculator applies years and months first, clamps invalid month-end dates to the last day of the target month, then applies weeks and days as exact UTC day counts. That keeps deadline math predictable without daylight-saving surprises. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my date uploaded anywhere? No. The calculator runs entirely in your browser. The dates you enter are not sent to a server, stored in an account or shared with anyone. ### Is the date calculator free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no limit on how many dates you calculate. ### How does it handle months with different lengths? Years and months use calendar arithmetic. If the target month does not have the same day number, the result lands on that month's last valid day. For example, January 31 plus one month becomes February 28 in a common year. ### Can I subtract days from a date? Yes. Choose Subtract, enter the number of years, months, weeks or days, and the tool calculates the earlier date instantly. ### Are weeks the same as seven days? Yes. After the calendar month and year step, each week is counted as exactly seven calendar days. Daylight-saving time changes do not change the result. ### What is the ISO date shown for? The ISO date is the same result in YYYY-MM-DD format. It is useful for spreadsheets, databases, forms and any workflow that needs an unambiguous date. ### Does this count business days or holidays? No. This page adds or subtracts calendar time. Use the business days calculator when weekends and holidays should be excluded. ## Related tools - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Day of the Week Calculator for Any Date" description: "Find the day of the week for any past or future date. See its ISO week, day of year, month occurrence, and leap-year status instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/day-of-week-finder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Day of the Week Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a day of the week calculator? A day of the week calculator finds which weekday a calendar date falls on. Enter a birthday, anniversary, deadline, or historical date to get the weekday instantly, along with its day-of-year position, ISO week number, occurrence within the month, and leap-year status. The calculation runs locally in your browser with no upload or account. It uses the proleptic Gregorian calendar, applying today's Gregorian leap-year rules consistently to dates from year 1 through 9999. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a date** - Choose a date with the calendar field, or select Today or the example. 2. **Read the weekday** - The result updates immediately with the weekday in a large result card. 3. **Check the calendar details** - Review the day of year, ISO week, occurrence in the month, and day type. 4. **Copy the result** - Use Copy result to save a plain-text summary for your notes or message. ## Who it's for - **Birthdays and anniversaries** when you want to know the weekday of a personal milestone. - **Researchers and family historians** checking the weekday attached to a recorded Gregorian date. - **Event planners** comparing which weekday a future launch, booking, or celebration will fall on. - **Developers and analysts** verifying date calculations, ISO week numbers, and leap-year edge cases. ## Expert note Weekday calculations can shift by one if a program parses a date at midnight in the wrong time zone. This calculator treats the input as a calendar date with no time zone, so daylight-saving changes and UTC offsets cannot alter the answer. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my date uploaded? No. The date is processed locally in your browser and is not sent to a server. That makes the tool suitable for checking personal dates such as birthdays and anniversaries without submitting them to CanDoYa. ### Is the day of the week calculator free? Yes. You can check as many dates as you want for free, with no account, download, or sign-up. The result updates as soon as you select a valid date. ### What date range can I use? The calculator accepts Gregorian calendar dates from January 1, 0001 through December 31, 9999. Very early dates use the proleptic Gregorian calendar, which extends modern Gregorian rules backward before the calendar was historically introduced. ### How can I find what day of the week I was born? Enter your date of birth in the calendar field. The large result shows the weekday, while the detail cards show its position in the year, ISO week number, and occurrence within that month. ### How is the weekday calculated? The tool converts the date to a day count in the proleptic Gregorian calendar and takes its position in the repeating seven-day cycle. Leap years occur every four years, except century years unless they are divisible by 400. ### What does ISO week number mean? ISO weeks start on Monday, and week 1 is the week containing the year's first Thursday. Because of that rule, dates near New Year's Day can belong to the final ISO week of the previous year or week 1 of the next year. ## Related tools - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Calendar Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/calendar-generator/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Days Between Dates Calculator - Count the Days" description: "Free days between dates calculator. Count the exact number of days between two dates, with a years, months, and days breakdown and an include-end-date option. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Days Between Dates Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you calculate the number of days between two dates? To find the number of days between two dates, subtract the earlier date from the later one. This calculator does it instantly: enter a start and end date and it shows the exact days between them, plus a years, months, and days breakdown. Turn on include end date to count both endpoints. By default the count is the **duration between the two dates**, so a date to the next day is 1 day and a date to itself is 0 days - the reading used for age and elapsed time. Switch on **include end date** and both endpoints are counted, so Monday to Friday of the same week is 5 days, which is how deadlines and notice periods are usually read. Everything runs **locally in your browser** using UTC date math, so leap years and daylight-saving changes never cause an off-by-one, and nothing is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the start date** - Pick the first (earlier) date. If you enter the dates backwards, the tool swaps them and still counts correctly. 2. **Enter the end date** - Pick the second date. The number of days between them updates instantly as you type. 3. **Choose how to count** - Leave include end date off for the duration between the dates, or turn it on to count both endpoints. 4. **Read the result** - See the total days, a years, months, and days breakdown, plus weeks, business days, weekend days, and hours. ## Who it's for - **Counting down** to a wedding, holiday, exam, launch, or due date. - **Tracking milestones** like days since a start date, an anniversary, or a subscription renewal. - **Planning projects** by measuring the raw span between a kickoff and a deadline. - **Settling questions** like how many days old something is or how long two events are apart. ## Expert note The two ways of counting differ by exactly one day. "Days between" (exclusive) answers how much time has elapsed - a newborn is 0 days old on the day of birth. "Include end date" (inclusive) answers how many calendar days a span touches - a Monday-to-Friday event runs for 5 days. Contracts and shipping windows almost always mean the inclusive count. ## Frequently asked questions ### Does this count the start and end date? By default it counts the days between the two dates, so the end date is not included - a date to the next day is 1 day. Turn on include end date to count both endpoints, which makes Monday to Friday 5 days instead of 4. ### How many days are between two dates that are the same? Zero, by default, because no time has elapsed. If you turn on include end date, the same date counts as 1 day, since the span touches one calendar day. ### Does it handle leap years correctly? Yes. The count is done on UTC calendar days, so February 29 in a leap year is counted like any other day and the total is always exact, with no off-by-one from daylight-saving changes. ### What if my end date is before my start date? The tool swaps the two dates, counts the days between them, and shows a small note that the dates were swapped, so you always get a correct, non-negative number of days. ### What is the difference from a business days calculator? This counts every calendar day, including weekends. A business days calculator counts only working days and lets you skip weekends and holidays. This tool still shows a business-days figure as a secondary stat, but the headline is the total calendar days. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. Every calculation runs locally in your browser. The dates you enter never leave your device, there is no sign-up, and the tool works instantly on desktop and mobile. ## Related tools - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator" description: "Free debt payoff calculator comparing the snowball and avalanche methods. Enter your debts and extra payment to see which clears them faster and cheaper." url: https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a debt snowball vs avalanche calculator? It is a debt-payoff planner that runs your balances two ways at once: the snowball method (pay the smallest balance first) and the avalanche method (pay the highest interest rate first). Enter each debt and your extra monthly payment and it shows your debt-free date, total interest, and payoff order for both, side by side. Everything runs in your browser. Add every debt with its balance, APR and minimum payment, then set how much extra you can pay each month. The calculator simulates every month for both strategies: it charges interest, pays the minimums, and rolls the leftover (plus any freed-up minimums from cleared debts) onto the target debt. You get two debt-free dates, two total-interest figures, the exact order each debt is cleared, and a plain verdict on how much the avalanche method saves. Nothing you type is uploaded or stored. ## How to use it 1. **List your debts** - Add each debt with its current balance, annual interest rate (APR) and minimum monthly payment. Use Add debt for as many as you need. 2. **Set your extra payment** - Enter how much you can pay each month on top of all the minimums combined. Even a small extra amount changes the outcome. 3. **Compare the two plans** - See the debt-free date, months and total interest for both snowball and avalanche, then switch tabs to read the exact payoff order for either method. ## Who it's for - **Anyone with several debts** - cards, loans, store finance - deciding which to attack first. - **People choosing a strategy** who want to see the real trade-off between quick wins and lowest interest. - **Budgeters** testing how an extra $50, $200 or $500 a month changes their debt-free date. - **Anyone rebuilding after high-interest debt** who wants a clear, dated payoff order to follow. ## Expert note The avalanche method always pays the least total interest because it kills your highest rate first, but the snowball method clears whole debts sooner, and that momentum is why many people actually finish. The gap between them is usually small when your rates are close and largest when one debt has a much higher APR than the rest, so compare the two numbers before you pick a side. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the debt payoff calculator free? Yes. It is completely free, needs no sign-up, and runs entirely in your browser. Your balances, rates and payments are never uploaded or stored on a server. ### What is the difference between the snowball and avalanche methods? Both pay the minimum on every debt and put all spare money toward one target debt. The snowball method targets the smallest balance first for quick psychological wins. The avalanche method targets the highest interest rate first, which always costs the least total interest. This tool runs both so you can see the exact difference for your debts. ### Which method pays off debt faster? The avalanche method is never slower and usually cheaper, because eliminating your highest-rate debt first reduces the interest working against you. The snowball method can clear individual debts sooner, which keeps many people motivated. The calculator shows both debt-free dates so you can weigh speed against staying on track. ### How is the interest calculated? Each month the tool charges interest on every open balance at the debt's APR divided by 12, pays the minimums, then applies your extra payment plus any freed-up minimums to the target debt. It repeats month by month until every balance reaches zero, so the totals reflect real compounding rather than a rough estimate. ### What if my minimum payments don't cover the interest? If your total monthly payment is less than the interest charged, the balances grow and the debt is never repaid. The calculator flags this so you know you need to increase your extra payment or the minimums before any plan can work. ### Does the extra payment roll over when a debt is paid off? Yes. That is what makes it a snowball. When a debt is cleared, its minimum payment and your extra amount both roll onto the next target debt, so your monthly payment stays the same while more of it goes to principal over time. ### Does this account for new charges or fees? No. The calculator assumes your balances, rates and payments stay fixed with no new spending or fees. It is a planning estimate; your statements are the final word on your actual balances and interest. ## Related tools - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Credit Card Payoff Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/credit-card-payoff/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) - [Vesting Schedule Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vesting-schedule/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Decimal to Fraction Calculator With Steps" description: "Convert decimals to fractions in lowest terms, including negative and repeating decimals. See exact steps and mixed numbers instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/decimal-to-fraction/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Decimal to Fraction Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a decimal to fraction calculator? A decimal to fraction calculator rewrites a terminating or repeating decimal as an exact ratio of whole numbers. Enter 0.875 to get 7/8, or mark recurring digits with parentheses, such as 0.1(6), to get 1/6. The result updates live and includes the reduction step. For a terminating decimal, the calculator puts its digits over 10, 100, 1000, or the matching power of ten, then reduces by the greatest common divisor. Repeating decimals use exact algebra instead of rounding. All arithmetic stays in your browser and uses integers, so your input is never uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the decimal** - Type a finite value such as -1.25, or use parentheses to identify repeating digits, such as 0.1(6). 2. **Read the fraction** - The calculator displays the exact fraction in lowest terms and a mixed number when the value is improper. 3. **Check the working** - Review the unreduced fraction, greatest common divisor, and conversion method beneath the result. 4. **Copy the answer** - Copy the original decimal and simplified fraction together for a worksheet, recipe, or calculation. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** checking decimal conversion exercises with the reduction shown. - **Woodworkers and makers** turning measurements such as 0.625 into the exact fraction 5/8. - **Cooks and bakers** converting decimal quantities into easier-to-read fractional amounts. - **Engineers and spreadsheet users** recovering exact ratios from terminating or known repeating values. ## Expert note Parentheses remove the ambiguity in typed recurring decimals: 0.16 is exactly 4/25, while 0.1(6) means 0.1666... and is exactly 1/6; a string of rounded 6s cannot prove that repetition on its own. ## Frequently asked questions ### How do you convert a decimal to a fraction? Count the digits after the decimal point, remove the point, and put that integer over the matching power of ten. For example, 0.375 becomes 375/1000. Divide both numbers by their greatest common divisor, 125, to get 3/8 in lowest terms. ### How do I convert a repeating decimal to a fraction? Mark the repeating block with parentheses, such as 0.(3) or 0.1(6). The calculator uses powers of ten to align two copies of the recurring value, subtracts away the infinite tail, then reduces the resulting ratio using exact integer arithmetic. ### Can it convert negative decimals and mixed numbers? Yes. A negative decimal keeps its sign, so -1.25 becomes -5/4 and is also shown as -1 1/4. Positive values greater than one are handled the same way, with both improper-fraction and mixed-number forms when they differ. ### Is this decimal to fraction calculator accurate? Yes for valid terminating decimals and repeating blocks you identify explicitly. The calculation parses the typed digits and uses BigInt integer arithmetic, not binary floating point. It does not guess whether a rounded decimal such as 0.333333 is meant to repeat forever. ### What are the calculator limits? The input accepts up to 120 digits, which is far beyond ordinary measurements and schoolwork while keeping live calculations responsive. It accepts digits, an optional sign, one decimal point, and an optional repeating block in parentheses. Expressions and irrational constants are not supported. ### Is the decimal to fraction calculator free and private? Yes. It is free, requires no sign-up, and performs every conversion locally in your browser. Your decimal is not sent to a calculation server. You can clear it at any time or replace it with one of the built-in examples. ## Related tools - [Fraction to Decimal Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-to-decimal/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Delete PDF Pages - Free Private Page Remover" description: "Delete PDF pages online with visual thumbnails and page ranges. Remove unwanted pages locally, keep original quality, and download with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Delete PDF Pages Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I delete pages from a PDF? Add your PDF, select unwanted pages from clear thumbnails or enter page ranges, then download a new copy without those pages. The page remover works locally in your browser. It keeps the original content of every remaining page instead of converting the document into a set of images. Use the visual PDF page remover to **discard blank scans, duplicate pages, outdated covers, or confidential appendices** before you share a document. Click any thumbnail to mark it, click again to restore it, or type a mixed selection such as 2, 4-6, 9. Your source stays on your device. The tool accepts one unencrypted PDF up to 100 MB and 300 pages. It always creates a separate download and never changes the original file. At least one page must remain because a valid saved PDF cannot have an empty page tree. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the tool or click to choose it. The browser reads the document and creates a numbered thumbnail for each page. 2. **Mark unwanted pages** - Click page thumbnails or type page numbers and ascending ranges such as 2, 4-6. Selected pages receive a clear delete mark. 3. **Create the edited copy** - Check how many pages will remain, click Delete selected pages, then download the new PDF to your device. ## Who it's for - **Office teams** removing draft covers, duplicate charts, or internal appendices before sending a report. - **Students and researchers** trimming instruction sheets or unused reference pages from course packets. - **Administrators** cleaning blank scanner pages from forms and case files while keeping the document local. - **Print workflows** excluding unwanted pages before producing a shorter handout or archival copy. ## Expert note Pages are removed from highest index to lowest so earlier page numbers do not shift during the operation. Remaining PDF page objects are not rasterized, which preserves searchable text and vector artwork, but any document edit can invalidate a certificate-based digital signature. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the source, renders page thumbnails, removes your selection, and creates the download locally. CanDoYa does not receive the PDF. Once the page and PDF code are loaded, the file operation itself does not require an upload connection. ### Is this PDF page remover free? Yes. You can remove pages and download the edited PDF without payment, an account, a watermark, or daily credits. Processing uses your device instead of a file-processing server. Speed depends on the source PDF and the memory available to your browser. ### What are the file size and page limits? You can open one PDF up to 100 MB and 300 pages. The browser creates a local thumbnail for each page, so the page cap keeps memory use practical on phones and laptops. Split a larger document into smaller parts before editing it here. ### Does deleting PDF pages reduce quality? No rasterization is used for the saved PDF. Thumbnails are only selection controls. Pages that remain keep their original PDF page objects, including selectable text, vector artwork, dimensions, and embedded image resolution. File size can still change because the document is serialized again. ### Can I remove several PDF pages at once? Yes. Click as many thumbnails as needed or enter a comma-separated selection with inclusive ranges, such as 2, 4-6, 9. The tool combines overlapping entries and shows the number of pages that will remain before it enables the delete action. ### Can I delete every page in a PDF? No. A saved PDF needs at least one page, so the tool blocks an all-page selection and asks you to restore one. If none of the source pages should remain, create a new document instead of exporting an empty PDF. ### Why is my encrypted or password-protected PDF rejected? This tool cannot edit an encrypted PDF without its password. If you are authorized, open the file in a PDF application, enter the password, and save an unlocked copy. Add that copy here. Damaged files are rejected rather than producing an unreliable download. ### Will bookmarks, forms, and digital signatures still work? The tool retains document-level data where the PDF library supports it, but bookmarks that point to deleted pages and complex forms should be checked after saving. Any document change can invalidate a certificate-based digital signature, so verify signed files after editing. ## Related tools - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Depth Estimation - Create an AI Depth Map" description: "Estimate relative scene depth from a photo with on-device AI. Create and download a private color depth map with WebGPU or CPU fallback." url: https://candoya.com/tools/depth-estimation/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Depth Estimation Tool Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is monocular depth estimation? Monocular depth estimation uses one ordinary image to predict which parts of a scene appear nearer or farther away. This browser tool turns that prediction into a color depth map on your device. It shows relative scene structure, not calibrated distance in metres, feet, or any physical unit. **The tool runs Depth Anything V2 Small through Transformers.js in a dedicated browser worker.** It tries WebGPU with half-precision weights first and switches to quantized WebAssembly inference on the CPU if graphics acceleration is unavailable or fails. The image itself is never sent to a CanDoYa analysis API. Choose Inferno for a perceptually ordered map, Turbo for strong visual separation, or grayscale for workflows that expect a single brightness channel. Inversion changes only the display and download. It does not rerun the model or change the underlying relative-depth values. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a photo** - Drop in one JPEG, PNG, or WebP image up to 12 MB and 16 megapixels, or load the built-in scene example. 2. **Estimate the depth** - Click Estimate depth. The first run downloads the public model, then a worker performs inference with WebGPU or the CPU fallback. 3. **Style and save the map** - Compare the result, switch between Inferno, Turbo, and grayscale without rerunning AI, optionally invert near and far colors, then download a PNG. ## Who it's for - **3D artists and motion designers** creating an initial depth mask for parallax, fog, blur, or compositing experiments. - **Photographers** visualizing how a monocular model separates foreground subjects, middle distance, and background scenery. - **Computer vision students** exploring dense depth prediction without installing Python, CUDA, or a local model environment. - **Prototype developers** testing whether relative depth could support segmentation, scene understanding, or accessibility ideas before integrating a model. ## Expert note Monocular depth has an unknown scale and shift: two pixels can be ranked as nearer and farther, but their numeric difference is not a reliable physical distance. Reflective surfaces, transparent objects, mirrors, thin structures, unusual camera views, and scenes outside the model's training distribution can produce convincing-looking but incorrect geometry. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. Your image is decoded and passed to a worker inside your browser for inference and rendering. The worker fetches public Transformers.js runtime and model files from external hosts, but those requests do not include the image. CanDoYa does not receive or store the source or depth map. ### Is the depth estimation tool free? Yes. There is no account, payment, credit allowance, watermark, or download limit imposed by the tool. Your own device performs the computation. The first run downloads public runtime and model files, so it can use significant data and processing power. ### What image limits apply? The tool accepts one JPEG, PNG, or WebP file up to 12 MB. Each side must be between 32 and 4096 pixels, and the complete image cannot exceed 16 megapixels. These limits reduce browser memory spikes while still supporting detailed photos. ### Does the result show distance in metres or feet? No. The map represents relative, scale-ambiguous depth inferred from a single view. It can indicate that one region appears nearer than another, but it cannot recover a trustworthy physical distance without camera calibration, known reference dimensions, stereo views, or another source of metric scale. ### How accurate is AI depth estimation? Depth Anything V2 can recover useful scene structure from many everyday photos, but the result is still a prediction. Mirrors, glass, water, textureless walls, fine edges, extreme perspectives, and unfamiliar scenes can be wrong. Inspect the map before using it for editing, measurement, navigation, or safety decisions. ### What do the colors mean? Colors encode normalized model output across this image, from the smallest response to the largest. Inferno and Turbo make changes easier to see, while grayscale is convenient for masks. Invert swaps the color direction. Because values are normalized per image, colors should not be compared as fixed distances across different photos. ### Does depth estimation work without WebGPU? Yes, when the browser supports WebAssembly and module workers. The worker checks for a usable WebGPU adapter first. If that path is unavailable or inference fails, it retries with quantized model weights on the CPU. The fallback stays on-device but is usually slower. ### Can I use it offline? A later run may work after the browser caches the runtime and model, but offline availability is not guaranteed. Browsers can evict cached files, private sessions may discard them, and cleared site storage can require another download. Load and test the model before relying on it without a connection. ## Related tools - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/) - [Pose Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/pose-detection/) - [Image Captioner](https://candoya.com/tools/image-captioner/) - [Image Upscaler](https://candoya.com/tools/image-upscaler/) - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Developer Tools for JSON, Encoding and Data" description: "Format and validate JSON, convert CSV and YAML, test regular expressions, decode text and inspect data. Developer utilities that run in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/dev/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Developer and data tools A small payload should not require a new project just to inspect it. Use JSON Formatter to expand compact data, JSON Validator to locate a syntax problem, or JSON Minifier to remove insignificant whitespace. CSV, YAML, XML and TOML tools handle common handoffs between applications. Regular expression, URL and encoding utilities help isolate the part of an input that needs attention. Processing happens in your browser, including text you paste into an editor. Choose validation according to the question. Valid JSON syntax does not prove that a payload has the fields your API requires; that needs a schema or application-specific checks. Similarly, decoding a JWT reveals its claims but does not verify its signature. Base64 is an encoding, so anyone with the encoded value can recover the original. Hashing and encryption tools serve different purposes and should be selected accordingly. Conversions also involve choices. A CSV value such as 00123 might be an identifier whose leading zeros matter. Nested JSON does not always map neatly to spreadsheet columns, and XML attributes need a representation in JSON. Read each tool's mapping rules, inspect a short sample first and compare the exported result with the original before using it in a larger workflow. ## Developer tools - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/): Free online Base64 encoder and decoder. Convert text to Base64 and back instantly, with full Unicode and URL-safe support. No upload, runs in your browser. - [CIDR Range Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/cidr-range-calculator/): Convert an IPv4 or IPv6 range to the smallest exact CIDR list, or expand a CIDR block to its first and last address. Free and private. - [Cron Expression Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/): Build and validate standard 5-field cron expressions online. Get a plain-language schedule preview and next run times in UTC. - [Cron Expression Explainer](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-explainer/): Paste a five-field cron expression and read its plain-English meaning, field breakdown and next UTC run times instantly in your browser. - [CSS Clamp Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-clamp-calculator/): Free CSS clamp calculator for fluid typography and responsive spacing. Generate clamp(), slope, intercept and copyable CSS in your browser. - [CSS Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/): Free CSS formatter to beautify minified or messy stylesheets online. Choose indentation, check structure, copy or download CSS in your browser. - [CSS Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/css-minifier/): Free CSS minifier to compress stylesheets online. Remove comments and extra whitespace, measure bytes saved, then copy or download locally. - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/): Convert CSV to JSON online with header, delimiter and type controls. Handles quoted commas and multiline fields privately in your browser. - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/): Free online CSV to YAML converter. Paste CSV and get clean YAML instantly, with header keys, type detection and auto delimiter. Runs in your browser. - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/): Generate secure, URL-friendly NanoID unique IDs online. Pick the length, alphabet and quantity, copy in one click. Runs in your browser, nothing uploaded. - [IEEE 754 Float Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/ieee-754-float-converter/): IEEE 754 converter for 32-bit floats and 64-bit doubles. Convert decimal to hex or binary, decode raw bits, and inspect every field locally. - [Number Base Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/): Free number base converter. Convert between binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal instantly, plus any base from 2 to 36. Runs in your browser. - [Two's Complement Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/twos-complement-converter/): Convert signed decimal numbers to two's-complement binary and back at 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits, with exact hex and calculation steps. - [ULID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/ulid-generator/): Generate ULIDs online in bulk. Create sortable 26-character Crockford Base32 IDs, copy one or all, and keep monotonic order. Runs in your browser. - [Unicode Character Lookup](https://candoya.com/tools/unicode-character-lookup/): Look up any Unicode character or code point. See its name, U+ value, decimal number, UTF-8, UTF-16, HTML, JavaScript, and CSS encodings. - [Clipboard Inspector](https://candoya.com/tools/clipboard-inspector/): Free clipboard inspector to see every format on your clipboard - plain text, HTML, images and custom types - with byte sizes and previews. Runs in your browser. - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/): Free online HTML entity encoder decoder. Escape HTML special characters, decode named and numeric entities, and copy the result. - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/): Free HTML formatter to beautify HTML documents and fragments with readable indentation. Handles HTML5 structure and runs in your browser. - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/): Free HTML minifier to compress markup, remove comments and measure exact byte savings. Preserves sensitive content and runs in your browser. - [IPv4 Subnet Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator/): IPv4 subnet calculator for network, broadcast, masks, usable host range, and capacity. Enter any IP with CIDR or subnet mask; results stay private. - [ISBN Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/isbn-validator/): Free online ISBN validator for ISBN-10 and ISBN-13. Check digits, normalize hyphens, handle X and see clear invalid reasons. - [JavaScript Beautifier](https://candoya.com/tools/js-beautifier/): Free JavaScript beautifier to format messy or minified JS online. Tune indentation, braces and line wrapping without uploading your code. - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/): Free online JSON formatter to beautify, validate and minify JSON instantly. No sign-up, no upload - your JSON stays in your browser. - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/): Free online JSON minifier to compress JSON to one compact line and see exactly how many bytes you saved. No sign-up, no upload - your JSON stays in your browser. - [JSON Schema Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-schema-validator/): Validate JSON data against a JSON Schema online. See every failed rule with its exact data path. Free, private and no sign-up required. - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/): Free online JSON to CSV converter. Paste a JSON array or object and get downloadable CSV instantly. Private, no upload, no sign-up. - [JSON to TOML](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-toml/): Convert JSON to TOML locally with tables, arrays and exact large integers. Spot unsupported nulls, copy your config or download a .toml file. No upload. - [JSON to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-xml/): Free JSON to XML converter for nested objects, arrays and attributes. Get clean, well-formed XML instantly without uploading your data. - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/): Free online JSON to YAML converter. Paste JSON and get clean, block-style YAML instantly, with 2 or 4 space indent. Runs entirely in your browser. - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/): Free online JSON validator to check syntax, locate errors and preview formatted JSON. No sign-up, no upload - your data stays in your browser. - [JWT Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-decoder/): Decode JWT tokens online to inspect headers, payload claims, expiry times and signature segments locally in your browser. - [JWT Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/): Free online JWT generator for HS256 and unsigned debug tokens. Edit header and claims locally, then copy a compact token. - [LESS to CSS](https://candoya.com/tools/less-to-css/): LESS to CSS converter powered by Less.js. Compile variables, nesting, mixins and functions locally, then copy or download clean CSS. - [Markdown Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-table-generator/): Build a Markdown table in a visual grid or convert CSV and spreadsheet data. Set column alignment, preview it live, and copy clean Markdown. - [Markdown to HTML](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-html/): Convert Markdown to HTML instantly with GitHub tables, task lists, code blocks and a safe preview. Copy or download the result without uploading text. - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/): Free online XML formatter to beautify, validate and minify XML in your browser. No upload, no sign-up. - [XML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-minifier/): Free XML minifier to remove formatting whitespace and optional comments, validate structure and measure exact byte savings in your browser. - [XML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-to-json/): Free XML to JSON converter for attributes, repeated elements, namespaces and CDATA. Get formatted JSON instantly without uploading your data. - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/): Free online YAML formatter to validate and clean up YAML with comments, anchors and block strings. Runs in your browser. - [YAML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-to-json/): Convert YAML to JSON online with live validation, multi-document support and clean formatting. Your config stays in your browser. - [YAML Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-validator/): Free online YAML validator to check syntax, find line and column errors, preview valid YAML and keep config text in your browser. - [SCSS to CSS](https://candoya.com/tools/scss-to-css/): SCSS to CSS converter powered by Dart Sass. Compile variables, nesting, mixins and modules locally, then copy or download clean CSS. - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/): Free online SHA-256 hash generator. Hash any text or file to a 64-character digest instantly, as hex or Base64. No upload - runs in your browser. - [SQL Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-formatter/): Free SQL formatter to beautify queries with dialect-aware indentation and keyword casing. Your database code stays in your browser. - [TOML to JSON](https://candoya.com/tools/toml-to-json/): Convert TOML to JSON online with live validation, clean formatting and safe handling for dates and large integers. Your config stays in your browser. - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/): Free online URL encoder and decoder. Convert text to percent-encoding and back instantly, with full Unicode support. No upload, runs in your browser. - [Query String Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-builder/): Free query string builder for encoded URL parameters, arrays, blank values, and full links. Create and copy the result privately in your browser. - [Query String Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/): Free query string parser. Decode URL parameters, keep duplicate keys, edit values, and rebuild a query string or full URL in your browser. - [Regex Tester](https://candoya.com/tools/regex-tester/): Test JavaScript regular expressions online with live matches, capture groups and replacement previews. Your patterns and text stay in your browser. - [Screen Resolution Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-resolution-detector/): Free screen resolution detector. See your screen size, viewport, device pixel ratio, orientation, color depth and browser display facts locally. - [SVG Optimizer](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-optimizer/): Free SVG optimizer to minify vector files with SVGO, compare exact byte savings and preview the result. Files stay in your browser. - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/): Free online URL parser. Paste any URL to split it into scheme, host, port, path, query parameters, and fragment instantly. Runs in your browser, nothing uploaded. - [User-Agent Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/user-agent-parser/): Parse a User-Agent string into browser, engine, OS, device, CPU, and crawler details. Free, instant, and processed in your browser. - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/): Generate UUID v4 and time-ordered UUID v7 identifiers online. Bulk up to 1000, uppercase or no-hyphen format, one-click copy. Runs in your browser. - [Chart Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/chart-maker/): Make bar, line, and pie charts online from your own labels and values. Customize colors, preview live, and export PNG or SVG with no sign-up. - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/): Edit CSV files online in a spreadsheet-style table. Add rows or columns, fix values, then copy or download clean CSV without uploading data. - [CSV Filter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-filter/): Filter CSV rows by column values, numbers, dates or booleans. Combine rules, preview matches and export a clean CSV privately in your browser. - [CSV Column Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-column-extractor/): Extract and reorder CSV columns by heading or position. Preview, copy, and download private UTF-8 CSV while quoted cells stay intact. - [CSV Deduplicator](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-deduplicate/): Remove duplicate rows from CSV by any column or combination. Keep the first or last match, preview changes, and download locally. - [CSV Diff](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-diff/): Compare CSV files by a shared key and find added, removed, or changed rows. Review cell-level differences and export a private local report. - [CSV Merger](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-merger/): Merge CSV files online by stacking rows and aligning headers. Reorder, preview, copy, and download locally with no upload or sign-up. - [CSV Sorter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-sorter/): Sort CSV rows by one or more columns as text, numbers, or dates. Preview, copy, and download the result privately in your browser. - [CSV Splitter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-splitter/): Split CSV files by row count, equal parts, or column value. Keep headers, preview every part, and download a private local ZIP without uploads. - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/): Calculate CSV statistics for every column, including missing values, uniques, quartiles, mean, median and standard deviation, in your browser. - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/): Turn CSV into bar, line, or pie charts online. Paste or upload data, choose columns, then download SVG or PNG. Your data stays in your browser. - [CSV to Markdown Table](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-markdown-table/): Convert CSV to a Markdown table with live preview, delimiter detection, alignment, safe escaping, copy, and download. Your data stays in your browser. - [CSV to SQL](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-sql/): Convert CSV to SQL INSERT statements for PostgreSQL, MySQL or SQLite. Preserve IDs, control NULLs, review column types and download SQL in your browser. - [CSV to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-xml/): Free CSV to XML converter for clean, well-formed XML with custom tags and delimiters. Paste CSV, copy or download XML, all in your browser. - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/): Open CSV and TSV files in a clean, searchable table. Sort columns, page through rows, copy or download a filtered view, all in your browser. - [Fixed-Width Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/fixed-width-parser/): Parse fixed-width text with exact 1-based field positions, validate typed values, preview every column, and export clean CSV or JSON in your browser. - [Histogram Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/histogram-maker/): Make a histogram online from pasted numbers or a CSV column. Compare automatic bins, frequency, density, and cumulative views, then export PNG, SVG, or CSV. - [JSON Flatten](https://candoya.com/tools/json-flatten/): Flatten nested JSON into dot-path keys instantly. Choose separators and array notation, then copy clean flat JSON. Free, private, and browser-based. - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/): Create pivot tables from CSV data instantly. Summarize rows and columns, aggregate values by sum, count, average, min or max, and export as CSV or Markdown - all in your browser. - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/): Run SQL online in a private SQLite playground with sample data, instant result tables, CSV export, and no sign-up. Everything stays in your browser. - [SQLite Browser](https://candoya.com/tools/sqlite-browser/): Open SQLite files in a private online viewer. Browse tables and schema, run read-only SQL, and export CSV without uploading your database. - [AES Encrypt and Decrypt](https://candoya.com/tools/aes-encrypt-decrypt/): Encrypt and decrypt text with AES-256-GCM online. Password-based, authenticated, and private in your browser with no upload or sign-up. - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/): File hash calculator for SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA-1 and MD5 checksums. Verify any local file privately with drag and drop - no upload. - [Caesar Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/caesar-cipher/): Free online Caesar cipher tool. Encode and decode text with any shift (0-25), try ROT13, or brute-force all shifts to crack unknown ciphers. Runs in your browser. - [HMAC Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/): Free online HMAC generator to compute message authentication codes with SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 or SHA-512. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser. - [IBAN Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/iban-validator/): Validate an IBAN online by country, length and MOD-97 checksum. Get clear error details while your bank number stays in your browser. - [Passphrase Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/passphrase-generator/): Generate a secure random passphrase from EFF words. Adjust length and separators, see honest entropy, and copy it locally in your browser. - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/): Generate strong random passwords free online. Pick the length and symbols, see entropy and crack time, copy in one click. Runs in your browser. - [Password Strength Meter](https://candoya.com/tools/password-strength-meter/): Check password strength with pattern-aware scoring, crack-time estimates, and useful feedback. Analysis runs locally in your browser. - [PBKDF2 Derive](https://candoya.com/tools/pbkdf2-derive/): PBKDF2 generator to derive hex or Base64 keys from a password with configurable salt, hash, iterations and length. Runs locally in your browser. - [Rail Fence Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/rail-fence-cipher/): Free online rail fence cipher tool. Encrypt and decrypt text with any number of rails, see the zigzag pattern, and copy the result. Runs in your browser. - [RSA Key Pair Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/rsa-key-pair-generator/): Generate RSA key pairs online in PEM or JWK format with 2048, 3072, or 4096-bit keys. WebCrypto runs locally, so private keys stay on your device. - [Shamir Secret Sharing](https://candoya.com/tools/secret-sharing-shamir/): Split a secret into threshold shares with Shamir secret sharing, then recover it from any sufficient subset. Runs locally in your browser. - [SHA-384 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-384-hash/): Generate a SHA-384 hash from text or a file in your browser. Copy a 96-character hex or Base64 digest and compare checksums privately. - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/): Generate a current TOTP or 2FA code from a Base32 secret in your browser. RFC 6238 checked, memory-only, with no upload, storage, or sign-up. - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/): Free QR code generator for links and text. Download PNG or SVG, pick colors and size - runs in your browser, no sign-up, and codes never expire. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Discount Calculator - Sale Price Tool" description: "Free discount calculator to work out sale price, savings, discount percentage and original price. Instant retail math, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Discount Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a discount calculator do? A discount calculator works out the sale price after a percentage or fixed amount off, then shows how much you save. It can also reverse the math from original and sale price to find the discount percentage, or from sale price and discount to estimate the original price. Use the calculator for retail tags, invoices, quotes or quick shopping comparisons. The math runs locally in your browser, and the amounts are currency-neutral: type dollars, euros, rupees or any other currency amount and read the results in that same currency. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the calculation** - Pick percent off, amount off, find discount percentage, or find original price. 2. **Enter the known values** - Type the original price, discount, or sale price needed for that mode. 3. **Read the result** - The sale price, savings, discount percentage and pay percentage update instantly. 4. **Copy the summary** - Copy the sale price and savings to a note, message or quote. ## Who it's for - **Shoppers** checking whether a sale tag is worth it before buying. - **Retail teams** turning percent-off promos into exact shelf prices. - **Freelancers and sellers** applying a fixed discount to a quote or invoice. - **Budget planning** when you need the real savings instead of a rounded sign. - **Reverse checks** to find the original price or the actual percentage markdown. ## Expert note For a percent discount, the sale price is original price times (1 - discount / 100). For reverse original price, divide the sale price by that same remaining-price multiplier. ## Frequently asked questions ### How do you calculate a discount? For a percentage discount, multiply the original price by the discount percentage, then subtract that savings from the original price. For example, 35% off 129.99 saves 45.50 after rounding to cents, so the sale price is 84.49. ### Can I calculate the discount percentage from a sale price? Yes. Choose Find discount %, enter the original price and sale price, and the calculator shows the markdown percentage. It divides the savings by the original price, then multiplies by 100. ### Can it find the original price before a discount? Yes. Choose Find original price, enter the sale price and discount percentage, and the tool reverses the formula. A sale price of 75 after 25% off means the original price was 100. ### Does the calculator include sales tax? No. This page calculates the discount itself, before tax or shipping. If you need tax, calculate the discounted sale price here first, then apply your local tax rate separately. ### Can I use different currencies? Yes. The math is currency-neutral. Enter the amount in any currency and read the sale price and savings in that same currency. The page does not add a currency symbol. ### Is this discount calculator free and private? Yes. It is free, works without an account, and runs entirely in your browser. The prices you enter are not uploaded or stored on a server. ## Related tools - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Dominant Color Finder - Get Image Color" description: "Find the dominant color in any image and copy its HEX, RGB, or HSL value. Fast local analysis for photos, logos, and screenshots." url: https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Dominant Color Finder Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is a dominant color finder? A dominant color finder analyzes an image and returns the color that covers the largest visual area. Upload a photo, logo, or screenshot to get one representative color in HEX, RGB, and HSL. The image is sampled in your browser, so the original file is never uploaded. The analyzer scales a working copy to a manageable size, groups similar RGB pixels into five clusters, and returns the center of the largest cluster. Transparent pixels are excluded. This makes the result more useful for photographs than simply counting exact pixel values, where compression and subtle shading can create thousands of near-duplicate colors. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop a supported raster image into the tool, select one from your device, or load the built-in example. 2. **Review the result** - The tool samples the image and shows one dominant color with its estimated coverage. 3. **Copy a color value** - Use the copy button beside the HEX, RGB, or HSL value you need. ## Who it's for - **Brand designers** can pull a representative color from a logo, product photo, or campaign image. - **Web developers** can turn a hero image into a copyable CSS color for matching surfaces and placeholders. - **Content creators** can identify the main tone of thumbnails, social graphics, and video stills. - **Photographers** can compare the overall color emphasis across a set of edited images. ## Expert note A large plain background can legitimately become the dominant color even when your eye is drawn to a smaller bright subject. Crop the image around the subject before analysis when you want its color rather than the composition's most common color. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded? No. Your browser decodes the selected file, draws a smaller working copy to Canvas, and analyzes those pixels locally. The image file and pixel data are not sent to a server by this tool. ### Is the dominant color finder free? Yes. You can analyze images and copy the result without creating an account or installing software. The tool has no per-image credit system or watermark. ### Which image formats can I use? The picker accepts PNG, JPG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, and BMP files when your browser can decode them. Animated images are analyzed from the frame the browser renders during decoding, so use a still image when you need a repeatable result. ### How is the dominant color calculated? The image is downsampled, transparent pixels are ignored, and the remaining RGB values are grouped with deterministic k-means clustering. The largest cluster is treated as dominant, and its average red, green, and blue channels produce the displayed color. ### Why does another color tool give a different result? Dominant color is an estimate, not a file property. Tools may use exact histograms, median cut, k-means, different sample sizes, or different transparency rules. Cropping and background area also change which color group contains the most pixels. ### Does this tool extract a full color palette? No. This page is designed to answer one question and returns one dominant color. A palette extractor solves a different task by keeping several representative clusters instead of selecting only the largest one. ## Related tools - [Image Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image to ASCII Art](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-ascii-art/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PPI Calculator - Screen DPI and Pixel Density" description: "PPI calculator for screens and images. Enter resolution and diagonal size to find pixel density, pixel pitch, megapixels and physical dimensions." url: https://candoya.com/tools/dpi-ppi-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # PPI Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a PPI calculator? A PPI calculator finds pixel density from a screen or image resolution and its physical diagonal size. Enter the horizontal pixels, vertical pixels and diagonal in inches or centimeters to get pixels per inch, pixel pitch, physical width and height, diagonal pixels, megapixels and aspect ratio instantly. The calculator first finds the diagonal pixel count with the Pythagorean theorem: `sqrt(width^2 + height^2)`. It divides that value by the physical diagonal in inches to get **pixels per inch**. All calculations run locally in your browser, and no dimensions are uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the resolution** - Type the native horizontal and vertical pixel dimensions, such as 3840 x 2160. 2. **Add the physical diagonal** - Enter the corner-to-corner display or image size and choose inches or centimeters. 3. **Read the live results** - Check PPI, display DPI equivalent, pixels per centimeter, pixel pitch and physical width and height. 4. **Copy the measurements** - Copy the complete result summary for a specification sheet, comparison or project note. ## Who it's for - **Monitor buyers** comparing how tightly 1080p, 1440p and 4K pixels are packed at different screen sizes. - **Designers and developers** checking physical pixel size, display density and real panel dimensions for interface or kiosk work. - **Photographers and print makers** estimating the pixel density an image will have at a chosen physical size. - **Hardware reviewers** verifying manufacturer PPI claims from native resolution and diagonal measurements. ## Expert note Operating-system scaling and browser zoom change the size of interface elements in software, but they do not change a panel's physical PPI. For a reliable result, enter the display's native resolution rather than its scaled desktop resolution. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this PPI calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use, requires no account and has no usage limit. It updates as you type and includes PPI, pixel pitch, physical dimensions, megapixels and aspect ratio in one result. ### Are my display dimensions uploaded? No. The calculator runs entirely in your browser. The resolution and physical size you enter stay on your device and are not sent to a server. ### What is the difference between PPI and DPI? PPI measures pixels per inch in a digital image or display. DPI measures printed dots per inch. People often say screen DPI when they mean PPI, so the calculator shows the same numeric value as a display DPI equivalent while keeping the terms distinct. ### How do you calculate screen PPI? Find diagonal pixels with sqrt(width squared + height squared), then divide by the physical diagonal in inches. A 3840 x 2160 display has about 4405 diagonal pixels, so a 27-inch panel is about 163.18 PPI. ### Does display scaling change PPI? No. PPI is a physical property of the panel, based on native pixels and physical size. Windows scaling, macOS scaling, browser zoom and device pixel ratio change how software maps interface pixels, but the hardware pixel density stays the same. ### What limits does the calculator have? Pixel width and height must be positive whole numbers up to one billion. The diagonal can be a decimal in inches or centimeters. Accuracy depends on using the native resolution and the actual viewable diagonal, which may differ slightly from a marketed size. ## Related tools - [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/aspect-ratio-calculator/) - [Screen Resolution Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-resolution-detector/) - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/) - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/) - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Duplicate PDF Pages - Free Private Page Copier" description: "Duplicate PDF pages online with visual thumbnails, page ranges, copy counts, and flexible placement. Your PDF stays local with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/duplicate-pdf-pages/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Duplicate PDF Pages Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I duplicate pages in a PDF? Add a PDF, select one page or a range, choose the number of extra copies, and download the expanded document. This duplicate PDF pages tool works locally in your browser. It copies page objects rather than screenshots, so text stays selectable and vector graphics stay sharp. Use the visual editor to **repeat a form, worksheet, label, ticket, cover, or notes page** without recreating it in the source application. Click thumbnails, type a selection such as 2, 4-6, last, or use the all, odd, and even presets. You can place each copy directly after its original or append repeated page sets to the end. The tool accepts one unencrypted PDF up to 100 MB and 300 source pages. A result can contain up to 600 pages. Processing happens on your device, and the original file is never changed. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the tool or click to choose it. The browser opens the file and renders a numbered thumbnail for every page. 2. **Choose pages and copies** - Click thumbnails or enter pages and ranges. Set 1 to 20 extra copies and choose whether copies follow each original or go at the end. 3. **Download the expanded PDF** - Review the projected page count, create the new document, and save the duplicated PDF to your device. ## Who it's for - **Meeting organizers** repeating an attendance sheet or notes template for every session or participant. - **Teachers and trainers** adding several copies of a worksheet, exercise, or answer page to one print-ready packet. - **Office teams** duplicating an order form, checklist, or signature page before distributing a document. - **Print workflows** appending repeated ticket, label, divider, or handout pages while preserving their original quality. ## Expert note When copies are placed at the end, each extra set preserves the selected page order: selecting 2, 4 with two copies appends 2, 4, 2, 4. Pages are copied as PDF objects rather than raster images, but rebuilding the page tree can invalidate digital signatures and may not preserve complex document outlines or form behavior. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the PDF, renders its thumbnails, copies the selected pages, and creates the download on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the document. Once the page and PDF code have loaded, the file operation itself does not require an upload. ### Is the duplicate PDF pages tool free? Yes. You can duplicate pages and download the result without payment, an account, a watermark, or daily credits. The work runs on your device, so processing time depends on the source PDF, the number of copies, and the memory available to your browser. ### What are the PDF size and page limits? You can open one unencrypted PDF up to 100 MB and 300 source pages. The result can contain up to 600 pages. Those limits keep thumbnail rendering and page copying practical on phones and laptops while preventing a small selection from expanding into an unexpectedly large file. ### Can I duplicate several PDF pages at once? Yes. Click multiple thumbnails or enter a comma-separated selection with inclusive ranges, such as 2, 4-6, last. You can also select all, odd, or even pages. One copy count applies to every selected page, and the projected result page count updates before processing. ### Where are duplicated PDF pages inserted? Choose After each original to keep every copy next to its source page. Choose At the end to leave the original document intact and append the selected page sequence once per extra copy. For example, pages 2 and 4 with two extra copies append 2, 4, 2, 4. ### Does duplicating a PDF page reduce quality? No rasterization is used for the saved document. Thumbnails are only visual selection controls. Each copied page keeps its PDF dimensions, selectable text, vector artwork, and embedded image resolution. The total file size can still change because the document is serialized into a new PDF. ### Can I duplicate a page in a password-protected PDF? Not with this tool. If you are authorized to edit the document, open it in a PDF application, enter the password, and save an unlocked copy first. Damaged and encrypted files are rejected rather than producing an unreliable output. ### Will bookmarks, forms, and digital signatures still work? Check complex documents after downloading. Copied form widgets may share field names and values, document outlines may not survive rebuilding, and any edit can invalidate a certificate-based digital signature. For ordinary text, image, and vector pages, the visible content and page dimensions are preserved. ## Related tools - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/) - [Extract PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Edit PDF Metadata Online - Free and Private" description: "Edit PDF metadata such as title, author, subject, keywords, creator, producer, and dates online. Download a private, updated copy with no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/edit-pdf-metadata/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Edit PDF Metadata Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I edit PDF metadata? Use a PDF metadata editor to load the document properties, change fields such as title, author, subject, keywords, creator, producer, and dates, then save a new copy. This tool performs those steps in your browser, so the PDF is not uploaded to CanDoYa or a conversion server. PDF metadata is the descriptive information stored with a document rather than printed on its pages. Clean properties make a file easier to identify in a reader, digital library, archive, or document search. This editor shows the current values before you change them, highlights edits, and lets you blank individual fields. It writes the result to a new download, leaving your source PDF untouched. The editor targets the PDF's **standard document information fields**. Some publishing and archival PDFs also contain a separate XMP metadata stream. When the tool detects one, it shows a warning because different PDF readers can prefer different metadata records. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the tool or click Choose PDF. The existing document properties are read locally. 2. **Edit the properties** - Update the title, author, subject, keywords, creator, producer, or dates. Blank a field if you want to remove that standard property. 3. **Save and check the copy** - Choose Save metadata, download the new PDF, and check its properties in the reader or publishing workflow where you plan to use it. ## Who it's for - **Authors and publishers** replacing an old working title or adding a clear author and subject before release. - **Operations teams** standardizing titles, keywords, and creator details across reports before archiving them. - **Job seekers and consultants** correcting the author name or title shown in the properties of a resume, proposal, or portfolio. - **Document owners** blanking unneeded standard properties before sharing a copy outside their organization. ## Expert note PDFs can hold metadata in both the trailer's document information dictionary and an XMP XML stream. Those records can disagree, and reader behavior varies, so an archival or PDF/A file should be validated in its destination workflow after any metadata edit. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded when I edit its metadata? No. The browser reads and rewrites the PDF on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the document or its metadata values. The downloaded copy is created with the local PDF library loaded by the page, which makes the editor suitable for private drafts and internal reports. ### Is this PDF metadata editor free? Yes. You can view, edit, clear, copy, and save standard PDF properties without payment, sign-up, or a watermark. A PDF can be up to 100 MB. Your device memory and browser can impose a lower practical limit for unusually complex documents. ### Which PDF metadata fields can I change? You can change the title, author, subject, keywords, creator application, PDF producer, creation date, and modification date. These are the common document information fields shown in the properties panel of many PDF readers. Blank fields are removed from that standard property record. ### Does changing PDF metadata alter the visible pages? The editor does not add, remove, rotate, or redraw pages. It saves the existing PDF with updated document properties. As with any PDF rewrite, check signed, certified, archival, or workflow-sensitive documents after download because saving a changed file can affect signatures or validation status. ### Can I remove all metadata from a PDF? You can clear all eight standard fields handled by this tool, but that is not a complete forensic metadata scrub. A PDF may contain a separate XMP stream, embedded files, comments, form data, revision history, or visible personal details. Use a specialist sanitizer when complete removal is required. ### Why does a PDF reader still show an old title or author? The PDF may contain both standard document properties and a separate XMP metadata record. Some readers prefer XMP, while others show the standard fields. This editor warns when it detects XMP but does not rewrite that XML stream, because doing so can damage archival or PDF/A metadata. ### Can I edit a password-protected PDF? Not with this tool. An encrypted PDF must be unlocked before its properties can be rewritten. Open it with the correct password in software you trust, save an unlocked copy that you are authorized to modify, and then add that copy to the metadata editor. ## Related tools - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) - [PDF Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Email Extractor From Text - Free Online Tool" description: "Free email extractor from text, HTML, logs, or notes. Remove duplicates, sort, lowercase, and copy a clean list privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/email-extractor-from-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Email Extractor From Text Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is an email extractor from text? An email extractor from text scans pasted content for email-shaped addresses and turns every match into a clean list. It recognizes common addresses with subdomains and plus tags, removes duplicates by default, and can sort, lowercase, or separate results for your next workflow. All matching runs locally in your browser. The extractor is useful for content you already control: contact exports, support threads, HTML snippets, application logs, research notes, or documents copied as text. It finds practical mailbox syntax without opening links, sending messages, or checking any mail server. Treat the output as a list of candidates, because a correctly shaped address can still be misspelled, inactive, or undeliverable. **Use extracted addresses responsibly.** Finding an address does not give permission to send unsolicited messages. Follow the consent, privacy, and anti-spam rules that apply to your location and intended use. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the source text** - Add notes, HTML, logs, email threads, or any other text that contains addresses. 2. **Review the live matches** - The output updates as you type and shows total matches, unique addresses, and unique domains. 3. **Choose the output format** - Remove duplicates, sort A-Z, convert to lowercase, and select new lines, commas, or semicolons. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the cleaned list into your approved document, spreadsheet, test fixture, or contact workflow. ## Who it's for - **Support and operations teams** collecting participants from a thread or log before updating an approved contact record. - **Developers and QA teams** finding test addresses in fixtures, source snippets, configuration exports, or diagnostic output. - **Editors and privacy reviewers** checking a draft or copied page for email addresses that should be removed before publishing. - **Data cleanup workflows** turning lawful, unstructured contact notes into a deduplicated list for a spreadsheet or CRM import. ## Expert note Duplicate matching is case-insensitive, but the first spelling is preserved unless you enable Lowercase. The matcher supports everyday forms such as `name+tag@example.co.uk`, but deliberately skips obfuscated text like `name (at) example (dot) com`, quoted-string local parts, and domain literals because those forms are unreliable in unstructured text. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded when I extract emails? No. Scanning, duplicate removal, sorting, lowercasing, and formatting all happen locally in your browser. The tool does not upload your pasted text, contact a mail server, or send a message to any address it finds. ### Is this email extractor free? Yes. You can extract and copy email addresses without an account, download, subscription, or usage meter. The result appears directly in the page as you type. ### How much text can I process? There is no fixed server-side limit because the text never leaves your browser. Very large inputs still depend on your device memory and browser performance, but ordinary documents, exports, source snippets, threads, and logs are processed live. ### Does the tool verify whether an email address exists? No. Extraction only confirms that text matches a practical email-address pattern. It cannot prove that the domain is configured, the mailbox exists, or a person reads it. Verify important addresses through an appropriate consent-based workflow before relying on them. ### Does it support plus addresses and subdomains? Yes. Common forms such as `name+tag@example.com` and `person@mail.example.co.uk` are included. The scanner also keeps supported punctuation inside the local part while excluding sentence punctuation around an address. ### Why was an email address missed? The address may be obfuscated with words such as “at” and “dot,” split by whitespace, embedded in an image, missing a dotted domain ending, or written in an uncommon quoted or domain-literal form. The extractor avoids guessing when text is ambiguous. ### Are duplicate email addresses removed? Yes, by default. Duplicate comparison ignores letter case, so `Name@Example.com` and `name@example.com` count as one address. Turn off Remove duplicates if repeated appearances matter, or enable Lowercase to normalize the copied output. ## Related tools - [URL Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/url-extractor/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Find and Replace](https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Energy Converter - Joules, kWh, Calories and BTU" description: "Convert energy units instantly between joules, kWh, calories, BTU, therms and electronvolts, with exact factors and an all-units table." url: https://candoya.com/tools/energy-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Energy Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert energy units? Enter an amount, choose its current unit, and select the energy unit you need. This energy converter updates instantly between joules, kilowatt-hours, calories, BTU, therms, foot-pounds and electronvolts. It also shows every equivalent together, making electricity, nutrition, heating and physics values easier to compare. The calculation converts your value to joules first, then divides by the target unit factor. The distinction between a scientific calorie and a food Calorie matters: one food Calorie is one kilocalorie, or 1,000 small calories. All calculations run in your browser, so values are not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the energy** - Type a value with a decimal point, decimal comma, or scientific notation. Signed values are accepted for energy changes. 2. **Choose the source unit** - Select the unit attached to your original value, such as kWh, kcal, BTU or eV. 3. **Choose the target unit** - Pick the energy unit you need. The main answer, formula and all-units table update live. 4. **Copy or reverse it** - Copy the complete conversion, or swap the source and target units without retyping the value. ## Who it's for - **Households and energy analysts** translating electricity use between kWh, MWh, megajoules and gigajoules. - **Nutrition students** comparing food Calories in kcal with the kilojoules printed on international labels. - **HVAC and heating teams** converting BTU or US therms to joules and kilowatt-hours while keeping the thermal unit definition clear. - **Physics students and engineers** moving between joules, foot-pounds and electronvolts across very different scales. - **Researchers** checking signed energy changes with scientific notation instead of manually tracking long exponents. ## Expert note This converter uses the thermochemical calorie at exactly 4.184 J, the International Table BTU at 1,055.05585262 J, and the exact electronvolt value of 1.602176634 x 10^-19 J. Stating the definitions avoids small but real differences between calorie and BTU variants. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this energy converter free? Yes. The energy converter is free to use without registration, downloads or a normal-use limit. It performs each conversion locally in your browser, and you can convert any supported pair of energy units as often as needed. ### Is my energy data uploaded? No. The value and units stay in your browser and are not sent to a conversion service. The page already contains the conversion factors, so it can calculate the result locally without uploading your input. ### Which energy units can I convert? You can convert joules, kilojoules, megajoules, gigajoules, watt-hours, kilowatt-hours, megawatt-hours, thermochemical calories, kilocalories, International Table BTU, US therms, foot-pounds force and electronvolts. Every supported unit appears in the comparison table. ### How many joules are in one kWh? One kilowatt-hour equals exactly 3,600,000 joules, or 3.6 megajoules. A watt is one joule per second, so a kilowatt maintained for 3,600 seconds transfers 1,000 x 3,600 joules of energy. ### What is the difference between calories and kilocalories? One kilocalorie equals 1,000 small calories. Nutrition labels use the capitalized word Calorie to mean one kilocalorie, so a food value of 250 Calories should be entered as 250 kcal, not 250 cal. That equals 1,046 kilojoules. ### How many BTU are in one kWh? One kilowatt-hour is about 3,412.141633 International Table BTU. The converter uses 3,600,000 J per kWh and 1,055.05585262 J per BTU, preserving more precision internally than the displayed answer usually needs. ### Are kW and kWh the same? No. A kilowatt is a rate of power, while a kilowatt-hour is an amount of energy. A 2 kW appliance running for half an hour uses 1 kWh. Use this page for kWh; use a power converter for kW. ### Can the converter handle electronvolts and scientific notation? Yes. Electronvolts are included for atomic-scale energy, and inputs such as 2.5e6 are accepted. Very large or small results switch to scientific notation so long exponents remain readable without losing the unit. ## Related tools - [BTU to kW Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/btu-to-kw/) - [Pressure Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/pressure-converter/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/) - [Weight Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/weight-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "EXIF Viewer - Read Photo Metadata Online" description: "View EXIF metadata, camera settings, dates, and GPS coordinates in photos. Inspect every tag locally without uploading your image." url: https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # EXIF Metadata Viewer Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does an EXIF viewer show? An EXIF viewer reads the metadata stored inside a photo, including the camera and lens, capture date, exposure settings, dimensions, editing software, copyright, and GPS coordinates when present. This viewer groups useful details and exposes every available tag without uploading the photo from your device. The viewer reads EXIF, TIFF, GPS, XMP, IPTC, ICC, JFIF, and PNG header data that the selected file contains. Search the full tag list, copy the normalized JSON, or download it for your own records. The photo and extracted metadata stay in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Add a photo** - Drop a supported image into the viewer, choose one from your device, or load the metadata-rich example. 2. **Review the summary** - Check the camera, capture settings, dimensions, software, and GPS location surfaced at the top. 3. **Inspect every tag** - Search the grouped metadata table by tag name, value, or source such as EXIF, GPS, XMP, or IPTC. 4. **Export the data** - Copy the normalized JSON or download it as a file for your records and analysis. ## Who it's for - **Photographers** can check camera, lens, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, focal length, and capture time before cataloging an image. - **Privacy-conscious sharers** can see whether a photo reveals a location, device model, creator name, or editing history before posting it. - **Editors and archivists** can inspect copyright, captions, keywords, color profiles, and original timestamps embedded by cameras and editing apps. - **Investigators and developers** can search the complete tag list and export structured JSON for further analysis. ## Expert note A missing EXIF block does not prove that an image is fake or newly created: social networks, messaging apps, screenshots, and export tools commonly strip or rewrite metadata, while metadata that remains can also be edited. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my photo uploaded anywhere? No. The browser reads the selected photo and extracts its metadata locally on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the file or the tag values, and the viewer makes no processing request to an external server. ### Is this EXIF metadata viewer free? Yes. You can inspect photos, filter all available tags, copy JSON, and download the metadata without an account, subscription, or watermark. The practical limits are the 50 MB file cap and the memory available in your browser. ### Which image formats can I inspect? The viewer accepts JPEG, PNG, TIFF, HEIC, HEIF, and AVIF files. Available metadata varies by format and by the camera or software that created the image. Some browsers cannot preview HEIC files, but the embedded tags may still be readable. ### Can an EXIF viewer find where a photo was taken? Only when the file contains valid GPS latitude and longitude tags. If coordinates are present, this viewer shows them and offers an OpenStreetMap link. Many cameras have location recording disabled, and most social platforms remove GPS data during upload. ### Why does my photo have no EXIF data? The camera may not have written metadata, or an editor, screenshot tool, messaging app, or social network may have removed it. A file with no tags is common and does not by itself establish when, where, or how the image was created. ### Can EXIF metadata be changed or trusted as proof? EXIF values can be edited, copied, removed, or generated, so they are useful clues rather than conclusive proof. For verification work, compare metadata with the image content, file history, source, timestamps, and other independent evidence. ### What is the difference between EXIF, IPTC, and XMP? EXIF usually records camera and exposure details. IPTC commonly holds editorial fields such as captions, credits, and keywords. XMP is an extensible format used by editing and asset-management software. One image can contain any combination of these metadata families. ## Related tools - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Extract Audio from Video - Free Private Tool" description: "Extract audio from video as MP3, M4A, or WAV with private in-browser processing, preview, bitrate controls, and no file upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/extract-audio-from-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Extract Audio from Video Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can I extract audio from a video? Choose a video, select MP3, M4A, or WAV, and start the extractor. It separates the first audio track and creates a new audio-only file you can preview and download. Processing happens locally in your browser, so private recordings are not uploaded to a conversion server. This extractor loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you start. It maps the first audio stream and leaves out the picture, subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata. MP3 uses LAME, M4A uses AAC, and WAV uses uncompressed 16-bit PCM. MP3 and M4A are lossy formats, so 192 kbps is a sensible default for speech, meetings, and general listening. WAV avoids lossy encoding but creates a much larger file. Browser memory makes this tool best for short or moderate videos. Very long 4K files, damaged media, encrypted video, or unusual professional codecs may need a desktop editor. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the extractor. 2. **Pick an audio format** - Choose MP3 for broad support, M4A for efficient AAC audio, or WAV for an uncompressed editing file. 3. **Extract locally** - Select a bitrate when using MP3 or M4A, then keep the tab open while the browser processes the audio track. 4. **Preview and download** - Listen to the result in the browser when supported, then download the audio-only file to your device. ## Who it's for - **Podcasters and interviewers** can pull a spoken recording from camera footage before editing or transcription. - **Students and researchers** can save lecture or field-recording audio for listening without the video picture. - **Editors** can create a WAV reference track or a compact MP3 and M4A copy for another workflow. - **Remote teams** can separate sound from confidential meeting clips without uploading the source to a file converter. ## Expert note Extracting and converting are related but different steps. FFmpeg first demuxes the video's audio stream from its container, then this tool decodes and re-encodes that stream for the chosen output. Re-encoding makes the result predictable across source codecs, but a WAV output can be far larger than the compressed source. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I extract its audio? No. The selected video is read from a local browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly media engine in this tab. The engine code downloads on first use, but your source video and extracted result are not sent to that server or stored in a CanDoYa account. ### Is this audio extractor free? Yes. You can extract, preview, and download MP3, M4A, or WAV audio without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits are your device's memory and speed, with a conservative file cap from 100 MB on mobile to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### Which video formats can I use? The tool accepts common containers including MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related formats. A container can still hold an unusual, damaged, or encrypted audio codec that this WebAssembly build cannot decode, so no browser extractor can guarantee every file. ### Should I choose MP3, M4A, or WAV? Choose MP3 for the widest playback support, M4A for efficient AAC audio on phones and Apple workflows, or WAV when you need uncompressed PCM for editing. WAV files are much larger. For speech and everyday listening, 192 kbps MP3 or M4A is usually a practical starting point. ### Does extracting audio reduce sound quality? MP3 and M4A re-encode the source with lossy compression, so some information is discarded. A higher bitrate keeps more detail but creates a larger file. WAV writes uncompressed 16-bit PCM, which avoids another lossy encode but cannot restore quality already removed from the source recording. ### What if the video has more than one audio track? This tool extracts the first audio track only. That is usually the main soundtrack, but multilingual films, screen recordings, and edited projects can contain alternate tracks. Use a desktop media editor when you need to inspect stream labels and choose a different language or commentary track. ### Why can extraction fail or take a long time? The browser must hold the source and output in memory while it decodes and encodes audio on your device. Large files, low-memory phones, damaged media, missing audio tracks, and uncommon codecs are the hardest cases. Keep the tab open, close heavy tabs, or use desktop software for large projects. ## Related tools - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Extract PDF Form Data to JSON or CSV" description: "Extract PDF form data privately in your browser. Review AcroForm field names, values, types, and options, then export clean JSON or CSV." url: https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-form-data/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Extract PDF Form Data Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I extract form data from a PDF? Use this PDF form data extractor to read saved AcroForm field names, types, values, choices, and status flags from a filled PDF. Review the results, filter the fields, then copy JSON or download JSON and CSV. Processing happens locally in your browser, so the document is not uploaded. The extractor reads **the interactive field tree stored inside a PDF**, not ordinary page text. It recognizes text boxes, checkboxes, dropdowns, option lists, radio groups, buttons, and signature fields. Each result also shows whether a field is required, read only, or excluded from normal form export. JSON is useful for an application or API payload because it maps each fully qualified field name to its current value. CSV adds field types, options, and flags for spreadsheet review. Neither export changes the source PDF. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a filled PDF** - Drop a standard fillable PDF onto the tool or select one from your device. Files may be up to 100 MB. 2. **Extract saved fields** - Click Extract form data. The browser loads pdf-lib locally and reads the document's AcroForm field tree. 3. **Review and filter** - Search names and values, filter by field type, or show only fields that contain a value. 4. **Copy or export** - Copy the filtered values as JSON, or download JSON or CSV for a spreadsheet, script, or database import. ## Who it's for - **Operations teams** moving responses from completed PDF forms into spreadsheets or internal systems. - **Developers** discovering exact field names before building a PDF filling or document automation workflow. - **Quality assurance teams** checking required, read-only, and non-exported field settings in a form template. - **Researchers and administrators** reviewing a single form submission without sending the document to an external service. ## Expert note PDF form field names can be hierarchical, such as attendee.address.city. Keep the full qualified name in your export because two visible controls may share a short label while belonging to different branches. A form that looks filled on the page can still return no fields if its widgets were flattened into static page graphics. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded to extract its form data? No. The PDF is read by pdf-lib inside your browser, and the source document and extracted values are not sent to CanDoYa. The PDF engine code loads when needed, but the file itself stays on your device throughout the extraction and export process. ### Is the PDF form data extractor free? Yes. You can inspect and export a PDF form without an account, payment, watermark, or daily quota. JSON and CSV downloads are generated in your browser from the fields currently shown by the filters. ### What are the PDF size and field limits? The tool accepts one PDF up to 100 MB and does not impose a separate field-count limit. Available memory and browser performance may create a lower practical limit on older phones or computers, especially for unusually complex documents. ### Which PDF form fields can it extract? It reads standard AcroForm text boxes, checkboxes, dropdowns, option lists, radio groups, buttons, and signature-field status. Results include fully qualified names, current values, available choices, and required, read-only, and exported flags where the PDF stores them. ### Why does a PDF that looks filled show no form fields? The visible answers may have been flattened into page graphics, scanned as an image, or stored only in an XFA form. Those are not standard AcroForm fields. This tool does not use OCR or infer values from visual page content, so it reports only interactive fields saved in the PDF structure. ### Can it extract XFA form data? Not completely. The tool warns when XFA content is present and still extracts any standard AcroForm fields it can read. Dynamic XFA-only values are not supported by pdf-lib and may require Adobe Acrobat or a specialized XFA processor. ### Can it read a password-protected PDF? No. Remove the password in a trusted PDF application first, if you have permission, then extract data from the unlocked copy. This tool does not ask for, transmit, or store PDF passwords. ### What is the difference between the JSON and CSV exports? JSON maps each fully qualified field name directly to its current value, which suits scripts and API payloads. CSV creates one row per field and also includes its type, available options, required status, read-only status, and export setting for spreadsheet review. ## Related tools - [PDF Metadata Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/edit-pdf-metadata/) - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) - [PDF Link Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-link-extractor/) - [Extract Text by Page](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-text-by-page/) - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Extract PDF Pages Online - Private PDF Tool" description: "Extract PDF pages into a new document online. Choose single pages or ranges, keep original quality, and download privately without uploading your file." url: https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Extract PDF Pages Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I extract pages from a PDF? An extract PDF pages tool copies only the pages you select into a new PDF. Add your document, choose individual pages or enter ranges such as 1-3, 5, 8, then download the result. Processing happens in your browser, so the source file is not uploaded or changed. **Page extraction creates a separate document** while leaving the source PDF untouched. The selected PDF page objects are copied instead of converted to screenshots, so text stays selectable and the original dimensions, vectors, and image quality are retained. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one PDF into the tool or click the file area to choose it from your device. 2. **Choose pages** - Click page numbers, use All, Odd, or Even, or enter a selection such as 1-3, 5, 8. 3. **Extract the selection** - Select Extract selected pages to create a new PDF in the original page order. 4. **Download the new PDF** - Save the extracted document. Your original PDF remains unchanged. ## Who it's for - **Project teams** can share only the approved pages from a longer report. - **Students and researchers** can save a chapter or a few cited pages as a smaller PDF. - **Finance and operations teams** can pull selected invoices, forms, or appendices from a document bundle. - **Remote workers** can prepare a focused handout without uploading confidential files to a conversion server. ## Expert note PDF page numbers in the tool refer to the file's physical page order, starting with the cover as page 1. Printed labels inside a report may differ when front matter uses Roman numerals or restarts numbering. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. The browser reads your PDF and creates the extracted file locally on your device. The source document is not sent to CanDoYa for processing, which makes the tool useful for reports, contracts, and other files you do not want to upload. ### Is it free to extract pages from a PDF? Yes. You can select PDF pages and download the new document for free without creating an account. The tool does not add a watermark. Its practical limit is 100 MB and 500 pages per source file so browser processing remains responsive. ### How many PDF pages can I extract? You can extract one page, every page, or any selection from a PDF with up to 500 pages and a file size up to 100 MB. Very large or image-heavy documents may take longer because all work uses your device's memory and processor. ### How do I enter non-consecutive page numbers? Separate page numbers and ranges with commas. For example, 1-3, 5, 8 extracts pages 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8. Ranges must be ascending and pages appear once in the result even if your entries overlap. ### Does extracting pages reduce PDF quality? No raster conversion is used. The tool copies selected page objects into a new PDF, preserving their dimensions, text, vectors, and embedded images. The new file can have different internal metadata, but visible page quality is not deliberately compressed. ### Can I extract pages from a password-protected PDF? Not directly. Remove the password with software you trust, then add the unlocked PDF here. The tool rejects encrypted documents instead of attempting to bypass their security settings. ### What is the difference between extracting and splitting a PDF? Extraction combines your chosen pages into one new PDF. A PDF splitter usually creates several documents from ranges or divides every page into a separate file. Use extraction when you need one focused document containing selected pages. ### Does this change my original PDF? No. The original file stays unchanged on your device. The browser creates a separate downloadable PDF containing the pages you selected, so you can keep the source as your complete master copy. ## Related tools - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Extract Text from PDF Pages - Free Online" description: "Extract text from PDF pages in your browser. Inspect, edit, copy or download each page separately while the original PDF stays on your device." url: https://candoya.com/tools/extract-text-by-page/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Extract Text from PDF Pages Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I extract text from PDF pages separately? Use this PDF page text extractor to read each page's selectable text into a separate, editable result. Move between pages, copy one page, or download every page with clear page markers. Processing stays in your browser, so the PDF is not uploaded. Image-only scans require OCR and are left empty. This tool uses **Mozilla PDF.js to read the text layer page by page**. It keeps blank pages in the navigator and in the combined export, so page numbers do not shift when a scan or separator page has no selectable text. The result is plain text, not a visual reconstruction. Fonts, pictures, table borders and exact column geometry are not included. You can correct the extracted text in the page editor before copying it or saving UTF-8 TXT files. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a digital PDF** - Drop one PDF into the tool or select it from your device. PDFs with text you can select in a viewer work best. 2. **Extract every page** - Click Extract pages. PDF.js reads the text layer locally and reports progress as it finishes each source page. 3. **Inspect and edit** - Select a page in the navigator, compare its text with the PDF and correct any reading-order or character issues. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the selected page, save it as its own TXT file, or export all pages with explicit page markers. ## Who it's for - **Researchers** pulling a quotation from a known page while keeping the page number attached to their notes. - **Legal and operations teams** reviewing one section of a digital contract or report without uploading the source PDF. - **Meeting coordinators** separating agendas, decisions and action items that appear on different PDF pages. - **Accessibility reviewers** spotting which pages contain usable text and which may need a separate OCR pass. ## Expert note Keeping empty pages is important: if page 4 is an image-only scan, removing it would make the next extracted block look like page 4 even though it came from page 5. This tool retains that gap and labels every exported block with its original page number. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded when I extract text by page? No. The selected PDF is read locally by PDF.js inside your browser. CanDoYa does not receive the document or extracted text. The PDF engine code may load when you first start extraction, but your file is not included in that request. ### Is the PDF page text extractor free? Yes. You can extract, edit, copy and download page-separated text without an account, payment or watermark. Work runs on your device, so there is no server conversion queue and no uploaded document to retrieve or delete afterward. ### What PDF size and page limits apply? The tool accepts one PDF up to 100 MB and 2,000 pages. Available memory and processor speed can create a lower practical limit, especially on a phone. Split unusually large documents into smaller PDFs if the browser cannot finish the extraction. ### Can it extract text from a scanned PDF page? Not if the page contains only an image. This tool reads existing selectable text and does not perform optical character recognition. An image-only page remains in the navigator with a no-text label so later page numbers and combined export markers still match the source PDF. ### Why is text from columns or tables in the wrong order? A PDF often stores characters as positioned drawing instructions rather than paragraphs, columns or table cells. PDF.js follows the available text items, which may not match visual reading order on complex pages. Review each result against the source and edit it before reuse. ### Can I copy or download only one PDF page? Yes. Select any page in the navigator, then use Copy page or Download page. The individual TXT filename includes the source page number. Copy all pages and Download all TXT create one combined result with an explicit marker before every page. ### Does page text extraction work with languages other than English? Yes, when the PDF includes a correct Unicode character map and selectable text. PDF.js can return text from many writing systems. Custom or missing font mappings may still produce incorrect characters, and image-only words require OCR regardless of language. ## Related tools - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Image to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Face Blur Online - Private Photo Anonymizer" description: "Blur faces online with private on-device detection. Review each face, choose blur, pixelation, or blackout, then download a protected PNG." url: https://candoya.com/tools/face-blur-anonymizer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Face Blur Online Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is a face blur tool? A face blur tool finds faces in a photo and covers identity-bearing details before you share it. This face anonymizer runs MediaPipe detection in your browser, lets you review every region, and exports a protected PNG. Your source photo and finished image are not uploaded to CanDoYa. **Automatic detection is a starting point, not a privacy guarantee.** The editor uses MediaPipe's full-range BlazeFace model, marks each detected face, and lets you disable a region, add a missed face manually, or expand coverage. Processing and PNG encoding happen on your device. Soft blur preserves the scene's look, while coarse pixelation makes the edit obvious. A solid blackout removes the most visual detail. The output is always PNG so repeated edits do not add JPEG compression around protected areas. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a photo** - Drop in a JPEG, PNG, or WebP up to 20 MB and 16 megapixels, or load the example photo. 2. **Detect and review faces** - Run the on-device detector, check every marked area, and draw a manual box around any face it missed. 3. **Choose protection** - Select blur, pixelation, or blackout, then adjust effect strength and extra face coverage while watching the preview. 4. **Download the result** - Review the entire image at full size and save the protected PNG to your device. ## Who it's for - **Parents and schools** preparing event photos while protecting children and bystanders. - **Journalists and researchers** anonymizing interview, protest, or fieldwork photos before distribution. - **Workplace teams** redacting faces from incident reports, presentations, training material, and internal screenshots. - **Social media users** hiding strangers or friends who did not consent to appear in a public post. ## Expert note Face boxes often stop at the forehead and jaw. Expanding each region by about 20% helps cover the hairline and outer facial contour, but clothing, tattoos, location, and image metadata can still identify someone. Remove metadata separately and use blackout when the risk is high. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my photo uploaded to a server? No. The selected photo is decoded, detected, edited, and encoded inside your browser. The worker downloads the public MediaPipe runtime and BlazeFace model from external hosts, but those requests do not contain your image. CanDoYa does not receive or store the source or result. ### Is the face blur tool free? Yes. There is no account, payment, credit limit, or watermark. Your device supplies the computing power. The first detection downloads public model and runtime files, so it needs an internet connection and may use data on a metered network. ### What image limits apply? The tool accepts one JPEG, PNG, or WebP image up to 20 MB and 16 megapixels, with each side at least 64 pixels. These limits reduce large browser memory spikes. The downloaded PNG keeps the source pixel dimensions and may be larger than a compressed JPEG. ### Will automatic face detection find everyone? No detector is perfect. Profiles, masks, very small faces, motion blur, harsh shadows, and partial occlusion can cause misses. Review the full image before download and use Add a missed face to draw a region around anything the detector did not protect. ### Is blurring a face enough to anonymize someone? Not always. A light blur can retain recognizable structure, and people may still be identified by hair, clothing, tattoos, surroundings, or metadata. Increase coverage and strength, or choose coarse pixelation or blackout for sensitive material. Always inspect the exported image before sharing it. ### What is the difference between blur, pixelate, and blackout? Blur softens facial detail and blends naturally into a photo. Pixelation replaces detail with large color blocks, making the edit more obvious. Blackout covers the region with a solid shape and reveals the least facial information, so it is the safer choice when concealment matters most. ### Does face detection work without a GPU? Yes, on browsers that support WebAssembly and module workers. The tool tries MediaPipe's GPU delegate first when available and falls back to CPU processing if setup fails. CPU detection can take longer, but the photo still stays on the device. ### Does the downloaded image keep photo metadata? The tool draws the visible image pixels onto a canvas and creates a new PNG, so original JPEG EXIF fields are not copied into the exported file. Still verify sensitive workflows independently because filenames, surrounding context, and other files can reveal identity. ## Related tools - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Pixelate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pixelate-image/) - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Fade In and Out - Smooth Audio Online" description: "Add an audio fade in and fade out online, preview the curve, and download a private WAV. Free, no sign-up, and your file is never uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/fade-in-out/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Audio Fade In and Out Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does an audio fade in and fade out do? An audio fade in raises volume smoothly from silence at the start, while a fade out lowers it to silence at the end. Set each duration, choose a curve, preview the effect, and download a WAV. Processing stays in your browser, so the source audio is never uploaded. The preview changes playback volume in real time. Export loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you create the result, applies the same fade settings to the audio samples, removes source metadata, and writes an uncompressed 16-bit WAV. Choose **smooth** for a natural musical envelope, **linear** for a constant amplitude change, or **exponential** for a more dramatic shape. Fade lengths stay inside the source duration and never overlap. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop in a browser-supported MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, or WebM audio file. 2. **Set the fade lengths** - Adjust the fade in and fade out independently, or start with a quick cleanup, intro and outro, or long outro preset. 3. **Choose and preview the curve** - Pick smooth, linear, or exponential, then play the source to hear the selected volume envelope. 4. **Export the result** - Apply the fades locally, listen to the finished WAV, and download it to your device. ## Who it's for - **Podcast and interview editors** can soften the start of an intro and finish an outro without a hard stop. - **Musicians and producers** can polish demos, backing tracks, samples, and song endings before sharing them. - **Video creators** can prepare music beds and voice clips that enter or leave a scene cleanly. - **Ringtone and notification makers** can tame an abrupt first note or shorten a harsh tail. ## Expert note A 10 to 50 millisecond fade can suppress a click caused by cutting audio away from a zero crossing. For a musical ending, several seconds usually sounds more intentional; the quarter-sine curve keeps more perceived loudness through the middle than a linear amplitude ramp. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded to add the fades? No. File selection, preview, fade processing, and WAV creation happen inside your browser tab. The first export downloads the FFmpeg engine code, but your recording is not sent with that request. Closing or refreshing the tab releases the temporary source and result URLs. ### Is this audio fade in and out tool free? Yes. You can preview, process, and download faded audio without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from your browser memory and device speed because the entire source and uncompressed WAV result must fit locally. ### What audio formats and limits are supported? The file picker accepts common audio formats including MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, and WebM. Your browser must read the duration for exact fade placement. The conservative size limit ranges from 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices to 250 MB on typical desktops. ### Which fade curve should I use? Use smooth quarter-sine for most music and speech because it tends to sound natural. Linear is useful for short technical fades and predictable amplitude changes. Exponential keeps the signal quieter for more of a fade in, or drops it faster during a fade out, creating a stronger effect. ### How long should an audio fade be? Use about 0.01 to 0.05 seconds to remove a click, 0.2 to 1 second to soften a clip edge, and 2 to 8 seconds for a song or podcast ending. The right duration depends on rhythm, speech cadence, and how quickly you want attention to shift. ### Does fading change audio length or pitch? No. A fade multiplies sample amplitude with a changing gain envelope. It does not trim, stretch, resample, or pitch-shift the source, so the result keeps the same duration and pitch. Only the loudness near the beginning and ending changes. ### Why does the download use WAV? The result is a 16-bit PCM WAV so the fade does not add another lossy compression pass. WAV files are larger than MP3 or AAC, but they are widely supported and suitable for further editing. Use an audio converter afterward if you need a smaller delivery format. ## Related tools - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Volume Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/) - [Ringtone Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/ringtone-maker/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "File Hash Calculator - Verify Checksums" description: "File hash calculator for SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA-1 and MD5 checksums. Verify any local file privately with drag and drop - no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free File Hash Calculator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a file hash calculator? A file hash calculator reads a file's exact bytes and produces fixed-length checksums such as SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA-1 and MD5. You can compare that fingerprint with one published by a software vendor to check whether a download arrived unchanged. This calculator works locally, so the file is never uploaded. The calculator reads your file in small chunks and updates four hash algorithms during the same pass. That keeps memory use steady instead of loading the whole file at once. Paste a vendor's expected checksum afterward and the tool detects its algorithm from the hexadecimal length, then reports a match or mismatch. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a local file** - Drag one file onto the drop zone or select it from your device. Nothing is sent to a server. 2. **Calculate the hashes** - Start the calculation and follow the progress bar while the file is read in chunks. 3. **Copy a checksum** - Copy SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA-1 or MD5 for your records. SHA-256 is the best default for routine integrity checks. 4. **Verify an expected value** - Paste a published checksum. The calculator identifies the algorithm by length and shows whether it matches. ## Who it's for - **Software download verification** - compare an installer, ISO or archive with the checksum published by its vendor. - **Developers and release teams** - fingerprint build artifacts before copying them between machines or storage services. - **Digital preservation** - record hashes now, then test later whether backups or research files changed byte for byte. - **Security triage** - calculate a known file's digest before checking it against trusted internal records. ## Expert note A matching checksum proves that the bytes you received match the bytes used to create the published digest, but only when that expected digest came from a source you trust. An attacker who can replace both a download and the checksum beside it can make a malicious file appear consistent. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my file uploaded when I calculate its hash? No. Your browser reads and hashes the file locally. The bytes are not uploaded to CanDoYa or sent to another service, which makes the calculator suitable for private files as long as you also trust the browser and device you are using. ### Is this file hash calculator free? Yes. You can calculate and compare file hashes without an account, payment or download. The hashing engine runs inside the page, and each result has its own copy button. ### What is the file size limit? The tool does not impose an artificial file size limit. Practical limits depend on your browser, device, available storage and how long you keep the tab open. Files are read in 4 MB chunks, so the entire file does not need to fit in memory at once. ### Which file hash algorithm should I use? Use SHA-256 for most download and file-integrity checks. It is widely published and has no practical collision attack. SHA-512 is also strong. SHA-1 and MD5 remain useful for matching legacy checksums, but they should not be used where collision resistance is a security requirement. ### How do I check a downloaded file's SHA-256 hash? Choose the downloaded file, calculate its hashes, then paste the SHA-256 value from the vendor into the comparison box. A match means the file bytes agree with that published value. Confirm the checksum came from the vendor's official site or another trusted channel. ### Why does my checksum not match? A mismatch means the file bytes differ from the bytes behind the expected hash. The download may be incomplete, a different version, repackaged or altered. First confirm that you chose the correct file and copied the full checksum without extra hexadecimal values. ### Can two files have the same hash? In principle, yes; that is called a collision. Strong algorithms make accidental collisions extraordinarily unlikely. MD5 and SHA-1 have practical collision attacks, so use SHA-256 or SHA-512 when an adversary might deliberately create different files with the same digest. ## Related tools - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JWT Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Fill PDF Form Online - Free and Private" description: "Fill a PDF form online for free. Complete standard AcroForm text, checkbox, radio, and choice fields privately, then download your PDF." url: https://candoya.com/tools/fill-pdf-form/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Fill PDF Form Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I fill a PDF form online? Use this PDF form filler to open an interactive AcroForm, complete its text boxes, checkboxes, radio groups, dropdowns, and option lists, then download a new PDF. You can keep fields editable or flatten a final copy. The document is processed locally in your browser and is never uploaded. This tool fills **interactive fields already embedded in a PDF**. It reads each field's internal name and available choices, then gives you a matching browser control. Read-only controls stay disabled, while unsupported buttons and signature fields remain untouched in the output. Choose flattening when you want the entered values baked into the page for printing or submission. Leave it off if you expect to reopen the PDF and change answers later. Flattening is permanent for the downloaded copy, so keep the original template. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a fillable PDF** - Drop an AcroForm PDF onto the tool or select one from your device. The browser detects its existing fields. 2. **Complete the fields** - Enter text and use the checkboxes, radio groups, dropdowns, and option lists generated from the PDF. 3. **Choose editable or flattened output** - Leave flattening off to preserve editable fields, or turn it on to make the current appearances permanent. 4. **Create and download** - Create the filled PDF, review the result summary, and download the new file to your device. ## Who it's for - **Job applicants** completing interactive application forms without sending personal details to an upload service. - **Employees and volunteers** filling onboarding, consent, reimbursement, or registration PDFs. - **Small teams** preparing editable drafts first, then flattened submission copies when the answers are final. - **Administrators** testing field names, required controls, and choice options in a standard AcroForm template. ## Expert note AcroForm and XFA are different form technologies. pdf-lib supports standard AcroForm fields but not XFA, so this tool rejects XFA documents rather than producing a PDF that appears complete while silently losing dynamic values. Flatten only a final copy because it removes the interactive field objects from that output. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded when I fill the form? No. The PDF bytes and every value you enter stay inside your browser. pdf-lib loads as local application code when you choose a document, then the browser creates the downloadable PDF in memory. CanDoYa does not receive or store the form, answers, or output file. ### Is this PDF form filler free? Yes. You can fill and download standard AcroForm PDFs without an account, payment, watermark, or daily quota. The tool also includes a sample form so you can test the workflow before opening your own document. ### What are the PDF size and field limits? The tool accepts one PDF up to 100 MB and has no separate field-count limit. Available browser memory creates the practical limit, so very large or unusually complex forms may work better on a desktop computer than on an older phone. ### Which PDF form fields can I fill? You can fill standard AcroForm text boxes, checkboxes, radio groups, dropdowns, and option lists. Read-only fields are displayed but disabled. Buttons, unknown field types, and signature fields are preserved without being edited. ### Why does my PDF say that no fields were found? A document can look like a form without containing interactive fields. Scans, flattened forms, and PDFs made from a word processor may contain only page text and lines. This tool does not use OCR or place new text boxes, so it needs existing AcroForm controls. ### Can this tool fill an XFA PDF form? No. XFA is an Adobe-specific XML form system that pdf-lib does not support. The tool detects XFA and stops before editing. Open that file in Adobe Acrobat or another XFA-aware application so dynamic fields, calculations, and layout behavior remain intact. ### Can I fill a password-protected PDF? No. Unlock a copy in a trusted PDF application first, provided you have permission to modify it. This tool does not request, transmit, or store PDF passwords, and it does not bypass document restrictions. ### What does flattening a PDF form do? Flattening turns the current field appearances into ordinary page content and removes the interactive controls from the downloaded copy. It can improve consistency when printing or submitting a final form, but the answers can no longer be changed as form fields afterward. Existing digital signature fields are not signed by this tool. ## Related tools - [PDF Form Data Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-form-data/) - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) - [PDF Metadata Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/edit-pdf-metadata/) - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) - [PDF Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Find and Replace Text - Free Online Replacer" description: "Find and replace text online with case, whole-word and regex controls. Preview every change instantly, then copy the result. Free and private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Find and Replace Text Online Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I find and replace text online? Paste your text, enter what to find and type its replacement. The updated text appears instantly, with controls for case, whole words, the first match or every match. You can also use a regular expression for patterns. Processing stays in your browser, so drafts and private data are not uploaded. A text replacer handles repeated edits without making you scan every line by hand. Use **Plain text** for names, phrases, product codes and spelling fixes. Match case when uppercase and lowercase must stay distinct, or turn on Whole words to replace cat without changing catalog. Choose First match for a single correction or All matches for a document-wide change. **Regular expression mode** is available for structured patterns such as dates, repeated spaces or reference numbers. Enter the pattern without slash delimiters. Replacement tokens such as $1 work in regex mode, while plain-text replacement is always inserted literally. The preview and match totals update locally as you type. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the original text** - Put the document, list, code or notes you want to edit into the Original text box. 2. **Enter the find and replacement text** - Type the exact text to find and what should replace it. Leave Replace with empty if you want to remove every match. 3. **Refine the match** - Choose case-sensitive or whole-word matching, replace the first or all matches, or switch to a regular expression for a pattern. 4. **Check and copy the result** - Review the live match and replacement totals, then copy the updated text when the preview is correct. ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** correcting repeated names, terminology or spelling across a draft without opening a desktop editor. - **Marketers and content teams** updating product names, campaign phrases, links or calls to action in reusable copy. - **Developers and analysts** changing identifiers or reshaping predictable text with regular expressions and capture groups. - **Students and researchers** standardizing labels, citations and notes while preserving the original formatting. ## Expert note Plain-text replacements treat characters such as $, *, brackets and backslashes literally; only regular expression mode gives those characters pattern or replacement-token meaning. This prevents a replacement like $25 from changing unexpectedly. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Finding and replacing happens entirely in your browser with client-side JavaScript. The text you paste is not sent to a server, which makes the tool suitable for private drafts, internal notes, configuration snippets and other sensitive text. ### Is the find and replace tool free? Yes. You can use it for free without creating an account, installing software or waiting for a download. There is no daily replacement quota; practical limits depend only on your browser memory and the size of text that remains comfortable to edit. ### How much text can I find and replace? There is no fixed character limit. Plain-text replacement is a quick browser operation and handles large pasted documents well on modern devices. Very large input or a complex regular expression can take longer, so split unusually large data into smaller sections if the page becomes slow. ### Can I replace every occurrence of a word? Yes. Select All matches and enter the word or phrase. Enable Whole words if the match must stand alone, so replacing cat does not also alter catalog. Turn on Match case when Cat, cat and CAT should be treated as different text. ### Can I replace only the first match? Yes. Change the Replace menu from All matches to First match. The match total still shows how many occurrences exist, while the replacement count confirms that only the earliest matching occurrence changes in the output. ### Can I delete text instead of replacing it? Yes. Enter the text or pattern to find and leave Replace with empty. Each selected match is replaced by an empty string, which removes it while preserving all text around the match. ### Does find and replace support regular expressions? Yes. Switch to Regular expression and enter a JavaScript pattern without surrounding slashes. The tool searches globally when All matches is selected and supports capture tokens such as $1 in the replacement. Invalid patterns show an error instead of changing the output. ### Why did the tool find no matches? Check spaces, punctuation and the Match case setting first. Whole words excludes text joined to letters, numbers or underscores. In regular expression mode, characters such as dots, brackets and plus signs have special meanings and may need a backslash when you want to match them literally. ## Related tools - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Regex Tester](https://candoya.com/tools/regex-tester/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Fixed Width File Parser - CSV and JSON Export" description: "Parse fixed-width text with exact 1-based field positions, validate typed values, preview every column, and export clean CSV or JSON in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/fixed-width-parser/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Fixed Width File Parser Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a fixed width file parser? A fixed width file parser splits each record by exact character positions instead of separators. Define each field's name, start, length, and optional type, then inspect row-length and value errors before exporting clean CSV or JSON. Processing stays in your browser, so legacy data is not uploaded. Use explicit positions for repeatable imports, or detect likely boundaries from whitespace that stays empty across the sample. The parser preserves identifiers as text, supports implied-decimal amounts and two common date layouts, and keeps invalid source values visible instead of silently dropping a row. ## How to use it 1. **Add the records** - Paste fixed-width text or open a local .txt, .dat, or .fwf file. 2. **Define the fields** - Enter one name,start,length,type row per field, or detect likely columns and verify the suggested 1-based positions. 3. **Parse and inspect** - Review the table plus warnings for short rows, extra trailing data, and values that do not match their declared type. 4. **Export the result** - Choose CSV or JSON, then copy the full result or download it locally. ## Who it's for - **Data engineers** checking a positional feed against a vendor layout before loading it into a pipeline. - **Finance and operations teams** converting bank, ERP, payroll, or claims exports into spreadsheet-ready CSV. - **Mainframe developers** inspecting fixed-length extracts while preserving leading zeroes in account and record IDs. - **Analysts** turning aligned report output into named JSON objects without uploading sensitive records. ## Expert note Positions count Unicode code points, not encoded bytes. If a COBOL or mainframe copybook specifies byte offsets, decode the file with its original encoding first and confirm any multibyte characters before trusting the split points. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my fixed-width file uploaded? No. The file is read and parsed locally by your browser. CanDoYa does not send the source records, field specification, preview, or exported data to a server. This makes the parser suitable for sensitive samples, although you should still follow your organization's data-handling rules. ### Is the fixed width file parser free? Yes. You can define fields, detect likely columns, validate records, preview the result, and export CSV or JSON without an account or payment. The browser workspace accepts up to 2 MB and 50,000 records so it stays responsive on typical inspection and conversion jobs. ### What limits does the parser have? One run can process up to 2 MB, 50,000 records, and 100 fields. Positions are Unicode character offsets rather than raw byte offsets. The parser handles text that is already decoded in the browser, not binary EBCDIC files or copybooks that require record-type logic. ### How do I write a fixed-width field specification? Write one field per line as name,start,length,type. Starts are 1-based. For example, account_id,1,8,text reads eight characters from position 1. The type is optional and can be text, integer, number, decimal:n, date:YYYYMMDD, or date:YYYY-MM-DD. ### What does decimal:2 mean? decimal:2 treats the final two digits as an implied fractional part. A source value of 0000014500 becomes 145.00. This is common in financial flat files that omit the decimal point. Invalid digits remain visible and receive a validation warning. ### Can the parser detect columns automatically? Yes. Detect columns looks for character positions that are blank across up to 200 nonblank sample rows. It is a useful starting point for aligned reports, but explicit positions from the file layout are safer when values can fill the padding or fields sit directly beside one another. ### Why is a row marked short or long? A short row ends before the last fixed-length field does. A long row has non-space characters beyond the final specified position. Both can signal a changed layout, a truncated record, or an incorrect field length, so the parser reports the source line instead of hiding the mismatch. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-editor/) - [CSV to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-xml/) - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/) - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Flashcard Maker - Create, Study and Save Decks" description: "Make custom flashcards with your own questions and answers. Flip, shuffle and review missed cards, then download a reusable deck. Free, with no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/flashcard-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Flashcard Maker Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How can I make my own flashcards online? Add a prompt to the front of each card and an answer to the back, then start a study round. This free flashcard maker lets you flip cards, shuffle the order and review the ones you missed. Download your deck as a JSON file to keep it or share it. Write one clear prompt per card. For vocabulary, include enough context to distinguish meanings: a card for "bank" could mean a financial institution or the side of a river. Line breaks, accents, symbols and text in different languages are preserved on both sides. Choose Show backs first to practice the reverse direction, such as recalling a French phrase from its English meaning. Shuffle changes the order at the start of a full round. After revealing each answer, select Needs review or I knew it. The final count records your own judgment for that round. ## How to use it 1. **Write your cards** - Add a deck title if you want one. Fill in each front and back, and select Add card for another pair. The editor shows three cards per page. 2. **Start a study round** - Complete both sides of every card. Optionally shuffle the order or show backs first, then select Study deck. Select Show answer, or focus the flip button and press Enter or Space. Long card text scrolls inside the card. 3. **Review your recall** - After revealing the answer, mark Needs review or I knew it. At the end, review only the missed cards or start another full round. 4. **Keep a backup** - Open Save or import a deck and download the JSON file before leaving. Import that file later to restore the title and cards. Importing over existing work asks you to confirm the replacement. ## Who it's for - Practice vocabulary in either direction with accented and non-Latin text. - Turn short class notes into question-and-answer review cards. - Rehearse interview prompts or definitions without an account. - Share a small study deck by sending its downloaded JSON backup. ## Expert note A reversed card is not always equivalent to the original question. If several prompts share the answer "Paris", showing the backs first makes the expected prompt ambiguous. Edit those answers to include a clue before practicing in reverse. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my flashcards uploaded anywhere? No. Card editing, file reading and study rounds run in your browser. Your deck is held in this tab and is not sent to a server. It is also not saved automatically: download a backup before closing or reloading the page. ### Is the flashcard maker free without an account? Yes. You can create, study, copy, download and import decks without signing up. There is no paid export step. The tool uses the prompts and answers you write; it does not generate cards with AI or check whether an answer is correct. ### How many cards can I create? A deck can contain up to 200 cards. Each side accepts up to 2,000 characters, and the optional title accepts 100. Length is measured in JavaScript text units, so some emoji count as two characters. Imports accept JSON files up to 5 MB. ### Can I save my flashcards and open them later? Yes. Select Download deck under Save or import a deck to keep a JSON backup. Use Import deck to open it later. The backup preserves card text, line breaks and order. It does not contain study progress, shuffled order or your ratings. ### Can I import Quizlet, Anki, PDF or CSV files? This version imports its own version 1 CanDoYa JSON deck format. It does not import Anki packages, Quizlet sets, PDFs or CSV files. You can copy text from your notes into the paired fields. An invalid import leaves your current deck unchanged. ### Does this use spaced repetition? No. Study rounds are manual and have no review schedule. Needs review marks a card for another pass after the round, and I knew it records your own recall judgment. These ratings reset when you start a new round and are not saved in the backup. ## Related tools - [Accent Marks Helper](https://candoya.com/tools/accent-marks-helper/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Flatten PDF Form - Preserve Filled Fields Online" description: "Flatten PDF form fields into page content in your browser. Preview saved appearances, inspect values, and download a copy without uploading your document." url: https://candoya.com/tools/flatten-pdf-form/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Flatten PDF Form Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## What does flattening a PDF form do? Flattening a PDF form converts the saved appearance of its interactive fields into ordinary page content, then removes the controls. Use it to prepare a completed form for sharing or printing. This tool previews the document, lists its stored field values, and creates a flattened copy entirely in your browser. Open a completed AcroForm, check every page, and choose **Flatten form fields**. The result keeps the existing page text and graphics without converting pages into images. Your original PDF remains unchanged. Comments, links, and other annotations are not flattened and may appear above flattened fields. Need to change an answer first? Use the [PDF form filler](/tools/fill-pdf-form/), save the completed form, and return here to inspect the final copy. Flatten before applying a digital signature; this tool refuses PDFs containing signature fields or certifications. ## How to use it 1. **Open the completed PDF** - Choose or drop one PDF. Files stay on your device. Try the sample to see text fields and a checkbox across two pages. 2. **Compare pages and saved values** - Use the page arrows and expand the field list. Check that the displayed answers match the values you intended to submit. 3. **Flatten and review** - Choose Flatten form fields. Compare the original and flattened previews, then download the new PDF. Keep the original if you may need to edit it again. ## Who it's for - Send a completed registration form without leaving answer boxes editable as form controls. - Prepare filled forms before combining documents that reuse the same internal field names. - Keep a final submission copy alongside the original editable template. ## Expert note A PDF field has both a stored value and an appearance stream that draws it. Those can disagree. This tool preserves existing appearance streams, including their fonts, instead of rebuilding them from values. It rejects missing appearances and requests to regenerate them, but it cannot detect every stale text appearance. Always compare the preview with the saved values. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded? No. Parsing, previewing, and flattening happen locally in your browser. PDF libraries load when needed, but your document is not sent to a conversion server. Clear the tool or close the tab when you finish. Downloaded copies remain wherever you save them. ### Is this PDF form flattener free? Yes. It is free and does not require an account. There is no watermark added to the output. It is intended for completed standard AcroForms; it does not create fields, fill answers, or turn scanned handwriting into text. ### What are the limits? Choose one PDF up to 50 MB, with at most 500 pages, 2,000 fields, and 10,000 field appearances. Encrypted files, XFA forms, signature fields, hidden controls, and unsupported form structures are refused. If appearances are missing, save the completed form in its PDF editor before retrying. ### Does flattening make a PDF impossible to edit? No. The answers stop being interactive form fields, but a PDF editor can still change ordinary page content. Flattening is not encryption, redaction, or tamper protection. It also does not sanitize document scripts, attachments, metadata, or other annotations. Use the appropriate separate workflow for those tasks. ### Will my fonts and filled values stay the same? The tool reuses the saved field appearance streams, so it does not substitute a new font or regenerate text from stored values. A previously stale appearance can still be stale in the result. Compare each preview with the field list, and reopen the downloaded PDF before sending it. ### Can I flatten a signed PDF or undo flattening? Use an unsigned copy before applying a digital signature. This tool refuses signature fields and certifications because rewriting a PDF can invalidate signatures. Flattening removes the interactive field structure from the downloaded copy. Keep the original editable PDF; this tool cannot reconstruct its fields afterward. ## Related tools - [PDF Form Filler](https://candoya.com/tools/fill-pdf-form/) - [PDF Form Data Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-form-data/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Flip Image Online - Horizontal, Vertical or Both" description: "Flip images horizontally, vertically, or both axes. Mirror PNG, JPG, or WebP files instantly in your browser with no upload required." url: https://candoya.com/tools/flip-image/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Flip Image Online Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How can I flip an image online? Use this image flipper to mirror a photo left-to-right (horizontal), top-to-bottom (vertical), or both axes at once. The tool runs entirely in your browser, so your original image stays on your device. Preview the result and download it as PNG, JPEG, or WebP. The editor accepts PNG, JPG, and WebP files and performs every flip locally in your browser. Horizontal and vertical flip buttons let you mirror images for symmetry checks, orientation fixes, or creative mockups. Combine both flips to rotate an image 180 degrees. ## How to use it 1. **Add your image** - Drop a PNG, JPG, or WebP file into the editor, choose one from your device, or load the example. 2. **Choose flip direction** - Click Flip horizontal, Flip vertical, or both buttons to mirror the image. The preview updates instantly. 3. **Select output format** - Pick PNG, JPEG, or WebP and adjust quality for lossy formats. 4. **Flip and save** - Create the result, review it, then copy or download the flipped image. ## Who it's for - **Photographers and designers** can flip images to check composition symmetry or create mirror effects. - **Content creators** can flip logos and graphics to test how they look reversed or mirrored. - **Students and office teams** can correct scanned documents or photos that are upside down or backwards. - **Web developers** can quickly flip UI elements and icons to test responsive layouts and visual balance. ## Expert note Flipping both axes is mathematically equivalent to a 180-degree rotation. This is useful for orientation fixes, but mirroring text or logos can look wrong - flip works best for symmetry checks, layout mockups, and correcting upside-down photos. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. Your browser reads, flips, previews, and exports the image on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the selected file or the flipped result, although normal site analytics may still record that the page was visited. ### Is this image flipper free? Yes. You can flip images without an account, subscription, watermark, or download limit. The practical limit is the memory and canvas capacity available in your browser, especially for high-resolution photos. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The flipper accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP images up to 50 MB, with each source side no larger than 16,384 pixels and no more than 50 megapixels total. It exports PNG, JPEG, or WebP when your browser supports that format. ### What is the difference between horizontal and vertical flip? Horizontal flip mirrors the image left-to-right (like looking in a mirror). Vertical flip mirrors it top-to-bottom (upside down). Combining both flips rotates the image 180 degrees. ### Can I flip an image 180 degrees? Yes. Click both Flip horizontal and Flip vertical buttons to rotate the image 180 degrees in one step. This is useful for correcting upside-down photos or creating rotated layouts. ### Does flipping an image reduce its quality? Flipping does not resample pixels - the image dimensions and quality stay the same. Saving creates a new file, and JPEG or WebP quality settings can discard some detail. PNG uses lossless encoding. ### Can I keep a transparent background? Yes. Choose PNG to preserve transparency in the source image. WebP can also preserve transparency in supported browsers. JPEG cannot store transparent pixels, so those areas are filled with white. ## Related tools - [Rotate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-image/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "FPS Changer - Convert Video Frame Rate Online" description: "Change video FPS online to 24, 30, 60, or a custom frame rate. Convert privately in your browser and download a watermark-free MP4." url: https://candoya.com/tools/fps-changer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free FPS Changer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does an FPS changer do? An FPS changer converts a video to a constant number of frames per second without changing its duration or audio timing. Choose a local clip, select 24, 25, 30, 50, 60, or a custom rate, then export an MP4. Processing happens in your browser, with no upload or watermark. The tool loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you start an export. Its fps filter samples the source timeline at a constant rate, dropping frames when you reduce FPS and repeating frames when you increase it. The first audio track is re-encoded to AAC and kept on the original timeline, so changing frame rate does not make the video faster or slower. Exports use H.264 video in an MP4 container for broad playback compatibility. Subtitles, extra audio tracks, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are not copied. Browser memory and processor speed make this best for short or moderate clips. The conservative file limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the FPS changer. 2. **Set the target FPS** - Pick a standard preset or enter any custom value from 1 to 120 frames per second. 3. **Export in your browser** - Start the conversion and keep this tab open while the local video engine re-encodes the clip. 4. **Preview and download** - Check the constant-frame-rate result, then download the finished H.264 MP4. ## Who it's for - **Video editors** can normalize phone or camera footage before placing clips on a 24, 25, 30, or 60 FPS timeline. - **Screen-recording teams** can convert variable-rate captures to constant frame rate for editors that handle them poorly. - **Web publishers** can lower high-frame-rate footage when smooth motion is less important than a lighter encode. - **Broadcast creators** can target familiar PAL and NTSC-derived rates, including exact 23.976, 29.97, and 59.94 presets. ## Expert note The 23.976, 29.97, and 59.94 presets are passed to FFmpeg as the exact fractions 24000/1001, 30000/1001, and 60000/1001. Increasing FPS duplicates existing pictures rather than synthesizing in-between motion, so converting 24 FPS footage to 60 FPS changes delivery timing but does not create true 60 FPS detail. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I change its FPS? No. The selected file is read from a browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly video engine in this tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but your source and converted video are not sent to that server or saved in a CanDoYa account. ### Is this FPS changer free and watermark-free? Yes. You can select, convert, preview, and download a video without an account, subscription, export credit, or watermark. The practical limits come from your device's available memory and processing speed rather than a server quota or paid plan. ### What are the browser limits for changing video frame rate? The tool uses a conservative limit of 100 MB on mobile and lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. Long, 4K, high-frame-rate, damaged, or unusual professional media may take too long or require more memory than a browser tab can provide. ### Can I convert 30 FPS video to 60 FPS? Yes, but the export repeats frames to fill the 60 FPS timeline. It does not use optical flow or AI to create new in-between motion, so the result remains visually similar to the 30 FPS source. Use frame interpolation software if you need genuinely synthesized intermediate frames. ### Does changing FPS change video speed or audio sync? No. The tool samples the same source timeline at a different frame rate and keeps the audio on that timeline. The duration, apparent playback speed, and audio sync stay the same. Use a video speed changer instead when you want the clip itself to play faster or slower. ### Can this FPS changer fix variable-frame-rate video? It can produce a constant-frame-rate MP4 from many variable-frame-rate phone and screen recordings. That often improves compatibility with editors that expect evenly spaced frames. It cannot repair damaged timestamps, encrypted media, or a codec that the browser video engine cannot decode. ### Which output frame rates are supported? You can enter any value from 1 to 120 FPS. Presets cover 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 50, 59.94, and 60 FPS. The fractional NTSC-derived choices use exact rational rates internally rather than rounded decimal timing. ### Which video formats can I convert? The tool accepts common containers such as MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related files, then exports MP4. A familiar extension can still contain an unsupported codec, so some camera, encrypted, or professional files may need desktop conversion software. ## Related tools - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Fraction Calculator - Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide" description: "Free online fraction calculator to add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers. Get the answer in lowest terms instantly, in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Fraction Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a fraction calculator? A fraction calculator adds, subtracts, multiplies and divides two fractions or mixed numbers and shows the answer reduced to lowest terms. Type a numerator and denominator, pick an operation, and you get the simplified fraction, the mixed number, and the decimal at once. It all runs in your browser. Enter each fraction as a numerator over a denominator. Leave the whole-number box blank for a simple fraction like 3/4, or fill it in for a mixed number like 1 1/2. Every answer is computed with exact integer math, so there is no rounding error, and it is automatically simplified. Nothing is uploaded - the calculation happens entirely on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the first fraction** - Type a numerator and denominator. Add a whole number for a mixed number like 2 1/3. 2. **Choose an operation** - Tap plus, minus, times, or divide between the two fractions. 3. **Enter the second fraction** - Fill in the second numerator and denominator the same way. 4. **Read the answer** - See the simplified fraction, the mixed number, and the decimal update live, then copy it. ## Who it's for - **Students and parents** checking fraction homework and seeing the answer both as a fraction and as a mixed number. - **Cooks and bakers** scaling recipes up or down, where 3/4 cup times 2 or 1/2 plus 1/3 has to be exact. - **Woodworkers and DIYers** adding inch fractions like 5/8 + 7/16 without converting to decimals first. - **Anyone** who needs a quick, exact fraction answer in lowest terms instead of a rounded decimal. ## Expert note Division is done by multiplying by the reciprocal - a ÷ b/c becomes a × c/b - so dividing by a fraction whose numerator is zero is undefined, and the calculator flags it rather than showing a wrong answer. ## Frequently asked questions ### How do you add fractions with different denominators? Rewrite both fractions over a common denominator, add the numerators, then simplify. For 1/2 + 3/4, the common denominator is 4, giving 2/4 + 3/4 = 5/4, which is 1 1/4. This calculator does the common-denominator step and the reducing for you. ### Can it handle mixed numbers? Yes. Type the whole number in its own box and the fraction beside it, so 1 1/2 is entered as whole 1, numerator 1, denominator 2. The tool converts it to an improper fraction, does the math, and gives the answer back as both a fraction and a mixed number. ### Does it simplify the answer? Always. Every result is reduced to lowest terms by dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor. So 6/8 is shown as 3/4, and a result like 4/2 is shown as the whole number 2. ### How does it divide fractions? It multiplies the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second - you flip the second fraction and multiply. Dividing by zero (a second fraction of 0) has no answer, so the calculator shows a clear message instead of a result. ### Can I use negative fractions? Yes. Put a minus sign on the whole number or the numerator, such as -3/4 or -1 1/2. The sign is carried through the arithmetic and the answer keeps the correct sign in lowest terms. ### Is it free and private? Yes - it is 100% free with no sign-up and no limits, and every calculation runs locally in your browser. Nothing you type is ever uploaded to a server. ## Related tools - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) - [Roman Numeral Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/roman-numeral-converter/) - [Perimeter Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Fraction to Decimal - Repeating Decimal Tool" description: "Convert fractions to decimals online with repeating digits shown in parentheses. Exact BigInt long division, no sign-up, no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-to-decimal/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Fraction to Decimal Converter Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a fraction to decimal converter? A fraction to decimal converter changes a fraction like 7/12 into its decimal form, including repeating digits. Enter the numerator and denominator, or a mixed number, and the tool uses exact long division to show results like 0.58(3) without floating point rounding. Type the numerator and denominator exactly as integers. Add a whole number for a mixed fraction like 2 1/8. The converter reduces the fraction first, then tracks each division remainder so it can tell whether the decimal terminates or repeats. Everything runs locally in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the fraction** - Type the numerator and denominator. Use the whole-number field only for a mixed number. 2. **Read the decimal** - The decimal updates live. Parentheses mark the digits that repeat forever. 3. **Check the exact fraction** - The reduced fraction and mixed-number form stay visible next to the decimal. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the fraction, decimal, and repeat length for notes, worksheets, or calculations. ## Who it's for - **Students** checking homework steps for fractions such as 1/6, 5/8, or 7/12. - **Teachers and tutors** showing why a repeated remainder creates a repeating decimal. - **Woodworkers and makers** converting inch fractions to decimals without losing exactness. - **Anyone comparing numbers** who needs a copyable decimal and the original reduced fraction together. ## Expert note A reduced denominator with only factors 2 and 5 gives a terminating decimal; any other prime factor eventually repeats because a remainder must appear twice. ## Frequently asked questions ### How do you convert a fraction to a decimal? Divide the numerator by the denominator. Each step multiplies the remainder by 10 to get the next digit. If the remainder becomes zero, the decimal terminates. If a remainder repeats, the digits from its first appearance repeat forever. ### What do parentheses mean in the result? Parentheses mark the repeating part of the decimal. For example, 1/6 becomes 0.1(6), meaning 0.1666... with the 6 continuing forever. This is more exact than rounding the answer to a fixed number of places. ### Can this convert mixed numbers? Yes. Put the whole number in the first box and the fraction beside it, such as whole 2, numerator 1, denominator 8. The tool converts that to 17/8 internally and shows the decimal 2.125. ### Does it use floating point math? No. The conversion uses BigInt integer arithmetic and remainder tracking, not JavaScript floating point division. That keeps large numerators and denominators exact and avoids answers like 0.30000000000000004. ### What happens if the denominator is zero? A denominator of zero is undefined, so the tool shows a clear error instead of a decimal. Change the denominator to any non-zero whole number and the result updates immediately. ### Is this fraction to decimal converter free and private? Yes. It is free, works without an account, and runs entirely in your browser. The numbers you type are not uploaded to a server. ## Related tools - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Decimal to Fraction Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/decimal-to-fraction/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Frames to Video - Image Sequence Converter" description: "Turn PNG, JPEG, or WebP frames into a video in your browser. Sort, reorder, set frame rate and resolution, then download without uploading." url: https://candoya.com/tools/frames-to-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Frames to Video Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you turn frames into a video? A frames to video converter combines an ordered set of still images into one playable clip. Add PNG, JPEG, or WebP files, confirm their filename order, choose a frame rate and output size, then encode locally. It is useful for animation previews, stop motion, renders, and time-lapse sequences. **Build a clean preview from a numbered image sequence.** The tool sorts names naturally, so frame-2 comes before frame-10, and lets you correct the order before encoding. Frames with different dimensions are scaled onto one canvas using contain or cover. Encoding uses your browser's native video codec and no source image is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Add image frames** - Drop or choose at least two PNG, JPEG, or WebP files. They are sorted naturally by filename. 2. **Check the sequence** - Preview the ordered frames, remove mistakes, or move any frame earlier or later. 3. **Set the video** - Choose frames per second, output resolution, quality, and whether mixed sizes should fit or fill the canvas. 4. **Create and download** - Encode the video in your browser, preview it, and download the finished MP4 or WebM file. ## Who it's for - **Animators** turning exported drawings or rendered frames into a timing preview. - **3D artists** checking a Blender or renderer sequence before a final production encode. - **Photographers** assembling interval photos into a time-lapse clip. - **Product teams** combining UI captures into a short walkthrough or motion study. ## Expert note Every image becomes exactly one video frame, so duration equals frame count divided by frame rate. A 120-frame sequence lasts 5 seconds at 24 fps but 10 seconds at 12 fps. Filename padding such as frame-0001 also keeps the same order in desktop editing software. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my image frames uploaded? No. The browser reads each selected image, draws it to a local canvas, and sends those canvas frames to its built-in video encoder. CanDoYa does not receive the images or finished video. Temporary preview URLs are released when you reset the tool or leave the page. ### Is the frames to video converter free? Yes. You can create and download an MP4 without an account, watermark, or payment. The practical limits are your device memory and browser encoder. This tool accepts up to 300 frames and 300 MB total to reduce the chance of a tab running out of memory. ### Which image formats can I use? Use PNG, JPEG, or WebP images. Current browsers decode these formats reliably and can draw them to the encoding canvas. Animated images are treated as single still frames. TIFF, SVG, HEIC, AVIF, and camera raw files are not accepted in this version. ### How are frames ordered? Files are sorted naturally by name, which means frame-2 comes before frame-10. You can inspect the thumbnail list and move individual frames up or down before encoding. For portable project folders, use consistent zero-padded names such as shot-0001.png. ### What frame rate should I choose? Use 24 or 30 fps for smooth animation and rendered previews, 12 fps for hand-drawn animation or stop motion, and 6 fps for a slower storyboard. Each image occupies one frame. Increasing fps shortens the video because the same sequence plays faster. ### Why does the video have bars or cropped edges? Contain preserves every pixel and adds the selected background color when a frame's aspect ratio differs from the output. Cover fills the whole video but crops the frame edges. Choose an output ratio that matches your images to avoid either effect. ### Which browsers can create the video? The tool needs WebCodecs video encoding. It creates MP4 when AVC encoding is available and falls back to WebM with VP9 or VP8. Current Chromium browsers are the safest choice, while codec support can vary by browser, operating system, and hardware. ## Related tools - [Video to Frames](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-frames/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Frequency Converter - Hz, kHz, MHz, rpm, rad/s" description: "Convert frequency between Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz, rpm and rad/s. See all nine equivalents and cycle period instantly, with scientific notation for tiny values." url: https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Frequency Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert frequency units? Enter a frequency and choose its source and target units. This frequency converter calculates equivalents from microhertz to terahertz, revolutions per minute and radians per second. It also shows the duration of one cycle. Results update as you type, and all calculations run locally in your browser. Hertz counts cycles per second. SI prefixes change that count by powers of ten: 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz, 1 MHz = 1,000,000 Hz, and 1 GHz = 1,000,000,000 Hz. Watch the case: mHz means millihertz, while MHz means megahertz, a billion times larger. For a shaft rotating at 3,000 rpm, divide by 60 to get 50 Hz. Each revolution takes 1 / 50 = 0.02 seconds. Angular frequency describes that same rotation as approximately 314.159265359 rad/s. The relationships follow the [NIST SI definitions](https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-330/sp-330-section-2) and [SI prefixes](https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si-prefixes). ## How to use it 1. **Enter a rate** - Type zero or a positive number. Use a decimal point or scientific notation such as 2.4e9. Commas and unit suffixes are not accepted. 2. **Choose the units** - Select From unit and To unit. Swap units switches the selectors while keeping your entered number. 3. **Read or copy the result** - Check the converted frequency and period in seconds. Expand All 9 unit equivalents for a reference table, or copy the conversion equation. ## Who it's for - Convert audio sample rates between Hz and kHz, such as 48,000 Hz to 48 kHz. - Compare radio and processor specifications written in MHz and GHz. - Translate shaft speed in rpm into cycles per second and angular frequency. - Check the period associated with a repeating signal in a physics exercise. ## Expert note Hertz and radians per second describe related but distinct quantities. One full cycle spans 2π radians, so angular frequency is 2π times frequency in Hz. Do not drop that factor. The period calculation uses cycles per second, not the numeric value in rad/s. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my frequency value uploaded? No. The calculation runs in this page using your browser. Entered values are not sent to a conversion service or saved in your recent-tools history. That history records only that you opened this tool. ### Is this frequency converter free? Yes. There is no account, payment or conversion quota. It converts frequency measurements; it does not alter an audio file or change the electrical frequency of a power supply. ### What are the limits and precision? Enter zero or a positive value from 1e-200 through 1e200, with at most 120 characters. Results use standard floating-point arithmetic and display up to 12 significant digits. SI scaling factors are exact definitions, but displayed decimal results can be rounded. Scientific notation keeps tiny nonzero values visible. ### How do I convert rpm to Hz? Divide revolutions per minute by 60. For example, 3,000 rpm is 50 Hz when one revolution is one cycle. Multiply Hz by 60 to convert back. For motors, electrical supply frequency and shaft rotation can differ; this converter does not model pole count, gearing or slip. ### How do I convert Hz to radians per second? Multiply frequency in Hz by 2π. A 1 Hz cycle corresponds to approximately 6.28318530718 rad/s. Divide radians per second by 2π to return to Hz. The tool uses the browser's numerical approximation of π. ### What is the period of a frequency? Period is the time for one cycle: T = 1 / f, with frequency f in Hz and period T in seconds. A 50 Hz signal has a 0.02-second period. At zero frequency there is no finite cycle period, so the tool shows an explanation instead of a number. ## Related tools - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/) - [Energy Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/energy-converter/) - [Pressure Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/pressure-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Frequency Sweep Generator - 20 Hz to 20 kHz" description: "Frequency sweep generator for smooth 20 Hz to 20 kHz audio sweeps. Choose the range, curve, waveform, duration, and download a local WAV." url: https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Frequency Sweep Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a frequency sweep generator? A frequency sweep generator plays a signal that moves from one frequency to another over a set time. Choose any range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, use a linear or logarithmic curve, and listen or save the result. The browser creates the signal locally with no audio upload. This generator is built for moving signals rather than the fixed pitch produced by a tone generator. Use an upward sweep to scan a speaker system from bass to treble, reverse the endpoints for a downward sweep, or set both endpoints alike when you need a stable reference. **Listen safely:** begin at a low level, especially with headphones. The percentage control changes digital amplitude, not the sound pressure reaching your ears, and speakers may reproduce parts of the range unevenly. ## How to use it 1. **Set the endpoints** - Enter start and end frequencies from 20 to 20,000 Hz, or choose a practical range preset. 2. **Choose the motion** - Select a logarithmic sweep for even movement by frequency ratio, or linear for an equal number of hertz per second. 3. **Keep the level low** - Choose a waveform and begin with the default low output level before pressing Play sweep. 4. **Listen or save** - Watch the live frequency readout, stop at any time, or download the configured sweep as a mono 48 kHz WAV. ## Who it's for - **Audio technicians** can listen for rattles, dropouts, or abrupt level changes across a playback system. - **Speaker builders** can scan a selected bass, midrange, or treble band before using calibrated measurement equipment. - **Musicians and producers** can create short rising or falling sweep samples for transitions and sound design. - **Students** can compare equal-Hz linear motion with equal-ratio logarithmic motion across the audible range. ## Expert note A logarithmic 20 Hz to 20 kHz sweep spends equal time in each octave, while a linear sweep spends most of its duration at high frequencies. That makes logarithmic motion easier for listening across a three-decade audio range; it is still not a calibrated frequency-response measurement. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this frequency sweep generator free? Yes. It is free to use without an account. You can play an unlimited number of sweeps and save mono WAV files locally. The available range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, with linear and logarithmic curves plus sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waveforms. ### Does the frequency generator upload or record audio? No audio is uploaded or recorded. The browser synthesizes live playback with the Web Audio API and creates WAV samples on your device. The tool does not request microphone permission. Ordinary page resources or analytics may still make network requests, so this statement applies to generated audio. ### What limits does the frequency sweep generator have? Each sweep can run from 1 to 60 seconds and between 20 and 20,000 Hz. WAV downloads use a mono 48 kHz, 16-bit PCM file. Browser and device volume, speaker range, headphones, and room acoustics all affect what you actually hear. ### Should I use a linear or logarithmic frequency sweep? Use logarithmic for most full-range listening checks because it gives equal time to each octave. Use linear when you need frequency to change by the same number of hertz every second. Neither option turns an uncalibrated speaker and microphone setup into laboratory measurement equipment. ### Can a frequency sweep test my hearing? It can demonstrate whether a tone seems audible, but it is not a medical hearing test. Device output varies widely, background noise masks frequencies, and unsafe volume can harm hearing. Keep the level low, stop if you feel discomfort, and consult a qualified clinician for hearing concerns. ### Why does part of the sweep sound quieter? Most speakers, headphones, and rooms do not reproduce every frequency equally. Laptop speakers often struggle with deep bass, while age, device design, fit, and playback level can affect high-frequency audibility. A level change may come from the playback chain rather than the generated digital signal. ## Related tools - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/) - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/) - [Guitar Tuner](https://candoya.com/tools/guitar-tuner/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Browser Games, Puzzles and Printable Generators" description: "Play 2048 and word games, generate mazes and bingo cards, or test typing and reaction speed. Browser activities with no account required." url: https://candoya.com/tools/games/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Games, puzzles and quick challenges This collection is for a short break, a practice session or an activity you can share with a group. Play 2048 in the browser, rearrange letters in an anagram game, or generate a maze to solve. Bingo Card Generator helps prepare cards for an event. Typing, click-speed and reaction-time tests give immediate feedback while you practice. Open the activity you want and follow its controls; an account is not required. Choose an activity with the setting in mind. A keyboard puzzle works differently from a touch-based game, and a printed card needs a layout that fits the available paper. For a group activity, preview the generated board before printing and check whether random cards have enough variation for the players. Word puzzles depend on their included vocabulary, so a valid word from another language may not be accepted. Treat timed tests as practice measurements on the device you are using. Keyboard behavior, screen refresh, browser scheduling and touch input can all affect the result. A reaction-time score is not a medical assessment, and a typing score depends on the passage and error rules. Repeating a test under similar conditions is more useful than comparing a single attempt across unrelated devices or websites. ## Games & Fun tools - [2048 Game](https://candoya.com/tools/2048-game/): Play the classic 2048 game online for free. Merge number tiles with keys or swipes, undo a move, and save your board and best score in your browser. - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/): Play a free anagram game online: unscramble the jumbled letters to find the hidden word. Pick a topic, chase a streak, or load your own words. Runs in your browser. - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/): Make free printable bingo cards in your browser. Use your own words or classic 1-75 numbers, pick a grid size, generate as many cards as you need, and print. - [Click Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/click-speed-test/): Take a free click speed test to measure clicks per second with a mouse, touch, or pen. Pick a timer and get an instant CPS result in your browser. - [Maze Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/maze-generator/): Generate random perfect mazes online with adjustable size, view the solution path, and download as PNG or SVG. No sign-up required - runs entirely in your browser. - [Reaction Time Test](https://candoya.com/tools/reaction-time-test/): Take a free reaction time test and measure your visual reflex speed in milliseconds across five rounds. Works with mouse, keyboard, or touch. - [Sudoku Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/sudoku-solver/): Solve any standard 9 x 9 Sudoku puzzle online. Enter the clues, catch conflicts instantly, and copy the completed grid without uploads or sign-up. - [Typing Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/): Take a free typing speed test to check your WPM and accuracy in 15, 30, or 60 seconds. Get instant results with no sign-up or download. - [Word Search Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/word-search-generator/): Create a word search with your own words. Choose grid size and difficulty, reveal the answer key, download SVGs, or print the puzzle and solution as a PDF. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "GCD and LCM Calculator With Exact Steps" description: "GCD and LCM calculator for 2 to 20 integers. Get exact answers, normalized values and Euclidean algorithm steps instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/gcd-lcm-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # GCD and LCM Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a GCD and LCM calculator? A GCD and LCM calculator finds the greatest positive integer that divides every input and the smallest non-negative multiple shared by them. Enter two or more whole numbers to get both exact results, a reduced list, and Euclidean algorithm steps for the first pair. The calculator uses arbitrary-precision integers, so results remain exact beyond the usual JavaScript safe-integer limit. It applies Euclid's remainder algorithm repeatedly for the GCD, then uses **LCM(a, b) = |a / GCD(a, b) × b|** to limit intermediate growth. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the integers** - Type 2 to 20 whole numbers separated by commas, spaces or new lines. 2. **Read both exact results** - The GCD and LCM update immediately, even when the values exceed ordinary calculator precision. 3. **Check the working** - Review the normalized values, reduced list and Euclidean steps for the first two integers. 4. **Copy the calculation** - Use Copy results to save the inputs, GCD and LCM together. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** can check arithmetic exercises and follow the first pair's Euclidean steps. - **Anyone adding fractions** can find the least common denominator from several denominators. - **Developers and engineers** can align repeating intervals, cycle lengths or batch sizes. - **Makers and planners** can divide quantities into the largest equal groups without leftovers. ## Expert note For two non-zero integers, GCD(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = |a × b|. For three or more integers that product identity does not generally hold, so the calculator folds the GCD and LCM pair by pair instead. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this GCD and LCM calculator free? Yes. Calculate both values for up to 20 integers without payment, an account or a download. The calculator also shows Euclidean steps for the first two values. ### Are my numbers uploaded? No. Every calculation runs locally in your browser. Your integers and results are not sent to a server. ### What limits does the calculator have? You can enter 2 to 20 integers, with up to 100 digits in each one. The calculator uses arbitrary-precision integer arithmetic, so it does not round large results. ### How do you calculate the GCD? The Euclidean algorithm repeatedly replaces a pair with the smaller value and the division remainder. When the remainder reaches zero, the last non-zero divisor is the GCD. The same operation is folded across additional inputs. ### How do you calculate the LCM from the GCD? For two non-zero integers, divide one number by their GCD before multiplying by the other: LCM(a, b) = |a / GCD(a, b) × b|. Dividing first keeps the intermediate number smaller. ### Can I calculate GCD and LCM for more than two numbers? Yes. Enter up to 20 integers. The calculator combines them pair by pair, using each intermediate GCD or LCM with the next number until the full list is processed. ### What happens with zero or negative integers? Signs are ignored because divisibility uses absolute values. GCD(0, n) equals |n|, while any list containing zero has an LCM of zero. If every input is zero, both displayed results are zero by convention. ## Related tools - [Prime Factorization Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/prime-factorization/) - [Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ratio-calculator/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Decimal to Fraction Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/decimal-to-fraction/) - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "GIF to Video Converter - MP4 or WebM" description: "Convert GIF to video as MP4 or WebM with quality, size, repeat, and background controls. Free, private, local, and watermark-free." url: https://candoya.com/tools/gif-to-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # GIF to Video Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do I convert a GIF to a video? Use this GIF to video converter to choose an animated GIF, select MP4 or WebM, then adjust quality, size, repeats, and the transparency background. It preserves the GIF's frame timing while creating a silent video locally in your browser, with no upload, account, or watermark. The converter reads the GIF's frame delays instead of forcing every frame to the same speed. A browser version of FFmpeg loads only when you start conversion, decodes each animation frame, composites transparent pixels over your chosen color, and encodes a silent H.264 or VP8 video. Video codecs can reuse visual information between frames, so animated GIFs with large or photographic frames often become smaller as MP4 or WebM. Very tiny GIFs can be an exception because a video container and its keyframes add overhead. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an animated GIF** - Drop a GIF into the converter or use the sample animation to explore the settings. 2. **Choose MP4 or WebM** - Pick MP4 for broad compatibility or WebM for a web-focused file, then set quality and output size. 3. **Set repeats and background** - Choose how many times the GIF cycle should be copied into the video and select a color for transparent pixels. 4. **Convert and download** - Start the local conversion, preview the result, and download the finished video file. ## Who it's for - **Web developers** can replace bandwidth-heavy GIF animations with compact video assets for landing pages and documentation. - **Social media teams** can turn a GIF into an MP4 accepted by platforms that do not support direct GIF uploads. - **Product teams** can reuse animated interface demos in slide decks, video editors, and help centers. - **Community managers** can convert reaction GIFs into shareable silent clips without sending the original to a conversion server. ## Expert note GIF stores a loop instruction, but standard MP4 and WebM files do not store the same automatic loop behavior. This tool can repeat the animation cycle inside the exported timeline; for a continuously looping website embed, also add the HTML video element's loop attribute. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my GIF uploaded when I convert it to video? No. The GIF is read from a local browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly video engine in the current tab. The engine files download on first use, but your source GIF and generated video are not sent to that host or stored on a conversion server. ### Is this GIF to video converter free? Yes. You can inspect, resize, repeat, convert, preview, and download a GIF as MP4 or WebM without an account, subscription, watermark, or server upload quota. Browser memory and your device's processing speed still set practical limits for very large or long animations. ### What is the GIF file size limit? The converter uses a conservative limit of 200 MB on most desktop devices and 80 MB on phones or lower-memory devices. GIF decoding and video encoding can need several times the source file size in working memory, so large frame dimensions can matter more than the compressed GIF size. ### Should I choose MP4 or WebM for a GIF? Choose MP4 for social media, messaging, presentations, and the widest playback support. Choose WebM when you control a modern web embed and prefer an open web video format. Both outputs are silent because GIF cannot contain an audio track. ### Will the video loop like the original GIF? The downloaded file plays for the number of cycles selected in the Repeat control. Video files do not carry GIF's automatic loop instruction, so a player may stop at the end. For websites, use a muted video element with the loop and playsinline attributes. ### What happens to transparent areas in the GIF? MP4 and the WebM profile used here are exported without alpha transparency. The converter fills transparent pixels with your selected background color before encoding. Choose a color that matches the page, slide, or editor where the finished video will appear. ### Why can a converted video be larger than a small GIF? Video adds container metadata and periodic full keyframes, which can outweigh compression savings for a tiny icon or one-frame GIF. Conversion is most useful for longer, larger, or visually detailed animations. The result panel shows the exact size difference before you download. ### Does converting GIF to video improve image quality? No. Video conversion preserves the visible animation but cannot recreate colors or detail already lost to GIF's palette. Use the High quality setting to reduce additional encoding loss, and keep the original size unless you specifically need a smaller frame. ## Related tools - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Glassmorphism Generator - Live CSS Preview" description: "Create frosted glass CSS with a live glassmorphism preview. Tune blur, tint, transparency, border, radius and shadow, then copy the code." url: https://candoya.com/tools/glassmorphism-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Glassmorphism Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a glassmorphism generator? A glassmorphism generator creates the CSS for a translucent, frosted panel while showing the effect on a real background. Adjust tint, transparency, background blur, saturation, border, corners and shadow, then copy a complete class with both standard and WebKit backdrop-filter declarations. Glassmorphism works by combining a translucent fill with **backdrop-filter**, a light border and restrained depth. The preview puts the panel above colorful shapes because blur is only visible when something sits behind the element. Settings and CSS generation run locally in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a starting style** - Pick Balanced, Subtle, Frosted or Tinted to load a practical set of glass values. 2. **Tune the glass** - Adjust the tint, transparency, backdrop blur, saturation, border opacity, corner radius and shadow while the preview updates live. 3. **Check the background** - Make sure shapes behind the panel remain visible enough to reveal the blur without reducing text clarity. 4. **Copy the CSS** - Copy the generated .glass-panel class and apply it to an element placed above a visible background. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** can generate a reusable glass panel class for menus, cards, sidebars and modal surfaces. - **UI designers** can compare subtle, frosted and tinted treatments before handing exact CSS to a developer. - **Design-system teams** can establish consistent blur, opacity, radius and shadow values for translucent surfaces. - **Students learning CSS** can see how backdrop blur differs from blurring the panel's own content. ## Expert note Backdrop blur affects pixels behind the element, not the element itself. It can look like plain transparency on a flat background, so always test the panel over the real page artwork and keep enough fill opacity for readable content. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my glassmorphism design uploaded anywhere? No. Every slider, preview update and CSS value is calculated in your browser. The generator does not upload your colors, settings or copied code to a processing service. ### Is this glassmorphism generator free? Yes. You can use every preset and control, preview the result and copy the generated CSS without an account, payment or usage limit. ### What browsers support glassmorphism CSS? Modern browsers support backdrop-filter, but older browser versions may not render it. The generated class includes both backdrop-filter and -webkit-backdrop-filter. Keep the translucent background color as a readable fallback when blur is unavailable. ### Why is the glass blur not visible? Backdrop blur needs visible detail behind the glass element. If the parent background is a flat color, there is nothing obvious to blur. Put an image, gradient or decorative shape behind the panel and confirm the panel's fill is partly transparent. ### What is the difference between blur and transparency? Transparency controls how much of the background shows through the panel color. Backdrop blur softens the background detail seen through it. A balanced glass surface usually needs both, plus a subtle border to define its edge. ### Does backdrop-filter blur text inside the card? No. backdrop-filter processes the content behind an element. Text and controls inside the glass panel stay sharp. The ordinary filter property behaves differently and can blur the element and its children. ### How do I keep glassmorphism accessible? Use enough panel opacity and text contrast, especially over busy images. Avoid relying on transparency alone to separate controls. Test each real background and provide a solid-enough fallback color for browsers or users where backdrop filtering is unavailable. ## Related tools - [CSS Box Shadow Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-box-shadow-generator/) - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) - [Mesh Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/mesh-gradient-generator/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Gradient Generator - Free Online Image Maker" description: "Free gradient generator: design a linear or radial color gradient, preview it live, and download a ready-to-use PNG image at any size. No sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/gradient-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Gradient Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a gradient generator? A gradient generator is a tool that blends two or more colors into a smooth gradient and exports it as an image you can download. Pick your colors and stops, choose linear or radial, set the size, and save a PNG for a wallpaper, background, banner or thumbnail. It all runs in your browser. Most gradient tools only hand you a line of CSS. This one renders the gradient to a real canvas and lets you **download the finished PNG** at the exact pixel size you need - a phone wallpaper, a 1920x1080 desktop background, a square social post or a custom dimension. Nothing is uploaded: the image is drawn and saved entirely on your device, so your colors and files stay private. ## How to use it 1. **Choose linear or radial** - Linear blends colors along a straight line at the angle you set; radial spreads them outward from the center as a circle. 2. **Set your colors and stops** - Click a swatch to pick a color and drag its slider to move the stop. Add up to 8 stops or remove down to 2, and hit Randomize for a quick idea. 3. **Pick the image size** - Tap a preset (desktop, phone, square, social) or type a custom width and height in pixels. The preview updates live. 4. **Download the PNG** - Click Download PNG to save the gradient as an image at full resolution, or copy the CSS to reuse the same gradient in code. ## Who it's for - **Designers and content creators** who need a clean gradient background image for a slide, thumbnail, banner or story without opening Photoshop. - **Phone and desktop users** making a custom gradient wallpaper at their screen's exact resolution. - **Developers** who want a lightweight gradient PNG placeholder or hero image, plus the matching CSS to reproduce it in code. - **Social media managers** exporting on-brand gradient backgrounds sized for posts, stories and cover images. ## Expert note The download is rendered pixel-for-pixel on a canvas at your chosen dimensions, so a 1920x1080 export is genuinely 1920x1080 - not an upscaled thumbnail. For a linear gradient the tool projects the CSS angle onto the canvas so the exported image matches the on-screen preview exactly, including the corners. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this gradient generator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, no watermarks and no limits. Make and download as many gradient images as you like. ### Is anything uploaded to a server? No. The gradient is drawn and saved entirely in your browser using canvas. No colors, images or usage data are sent anywhere. ### What image format does it export? It exports a PNG, which keeps the gradient perfectly smooth and lossless with no compression artifacts. The file is saved at the full pixel size you set, ready to use as a wallpaper, background or upload. ### What size should I make a gradient wallpaper? Match your screen. Common choices are 1920x1080 for most desktops, 1080x1920 for a phone in portrait, and 1080x1080 for a square social post. You can also enter any custom width and height up to 8000 pixels. ### What is the difference between a linear and radial gradient? A linear gradient blends colors along a straight line at an angle you choose, so the color shifts across the image. A radial gradient starts from a center point and spreads outward in a circle, so the color changes from the middle to the edges. ### Can I get the CSS as well as the image? Yes. Alongside the downloadable PNG, the tool shows the matching background-image CSS. Copy it to reproduce the exact same gradient in a website or app instead of using the image file. ### How do color stops work? Each stop pairs a color with a position from 0% to 100% along the gradient. The blend runs smoothly between neighboring stops. Placing two stops at the same position creates a hard edge instead of a fade, which is handy for stripes or color-block backgrounds. ## Related tools - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Convert Images to Grayscale Online - Free Tool" description: "Convert images to grayscale online with adjustable strength and multiple luminance methods. Choose PNG, JPEG, or WebP output - all processing happens in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/grayscale-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Grayscale Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How do I convert an image to grayscale? Use this grayscale converter to turn any color photo into black and white. Adjust the strength from 0% (original colors) to 100% (full grayscale), pick from four luminance methods, and download the result as PNG, JPEG, or WebP. Everything runs locally in your browser - no upload needed. The converter accepts PNG, JPG, and WebP files and performs every conversion locally in your browser. Choose between Rec. 709 luminosity (the modern standard), Rec. 601 (legacy), simple average, or HSL lightness. The strength slider lets you create partial desaturation for artistic effects. ## How to use it 1. **Add your image** - Drop a PNG, JPG, or WebP file into the editor, choose one from your device, or load the example. 2. **Choose your method** - Select a luminance method - Rec. 709 is the default and looks most natural to human eyes. 3. **Adjust the strength** - Use the slider to control how much grayscale is applied, from 0% (no change) to 100% (full grayscale). 4. **Set output format** - Pick PNG, JPEG, or WebP and adjust quality if needed, then convert and download. ## Who it's for - **Photographers and designers** can create black-and-white versions of photos for portfolios, prints, or artistic projects. - **Content creators** can quickly desaturate images for social media, blogs, or video thumbnails. - **Students and researchers** can convert diagrams and charts to grayscale for reports and publications. - **Archivists and historians** can process historical photos or create consistent grayscale collections. ## Expert note Rec. 709 luminosity weights green at 71.5% because human eyes are most sensitive to green light, making it look more natural than a plain RGB average. Rec. 601 is the older SDTV standard with different weights; lightness uses the brightest and darkest channels for a simpler calculation. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. Your browser reads, converts, previews, and exports the image on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the selected file or the grayscale result, although normal site analytics may still record that the page was visited. ### Is this grayscale converter free? Yes. You can convert images without an account, subscription, watermark, or download limit. The practical limit is the memory and canvas capacity available in your browser, especially for high-resolution photos. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The converter accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP images up to 50 MB, with each source side no larger than 16,384 pixels and no more than 50 megapixels total. It exports PNG, JPEG, or WebP when your browser supports that format. ### What is the difference between the luminance methods? Rec. 709 (default) weights green heavily because human eyes are most sensitive to green - it looks most natural. Rec. 601 is the older SDTV standard. Average treats all channels equally. Lightness uses the midpoint between the brightest and darkest channels. ### Can I apply partial grayscale? Yes. The strength slider lets you blend between the original colors and full grayscale. 0% keeps all color, 50% creates a muted desaturated look, and 100% is pure black and white. ### Does converting to grayscale reduce image quality? The tool keeps the source pixel dimensions and uses lossless conversion. Saving as PNG preserves all detail. JPEG and WebP quality settings can discard some detail, but the grayscale conversion itself does not reduce quality. ### Can I keep a transparent background? Yes. Choose PNG to preserve transparency in the source image. WebP can also preserve transparency in supported browsers. JPEG cannot store transparent pixels, so those areas are filled with white. ## Related tools - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Gross Margin Calculator - Revenue and COGS" description: "Free gross margin calculator for revenue and COGS. See gross profit, margin and markup, or plan target revenue instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/gross-margin-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Gross Margin Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a gross margin calculator do? A gross margin calculator subtracts cost of goods sold from sales revenue, then divides the gross profit by revenue. Use it to analyze business totals or plan the revenue or maximum COGS needed for a target margin. It also shows markup separately, because markup uses cost as its base instead of revenue. Use totals from the same accounting period, or use one product's selling price and direct cost. The currency selector changes the symbol only, so the arithmetic works for any currency. Calculations run locally in your browser and your figures are not uploaded. **Gross margin is not net profit.** Rent, general payroll, marketing, interest and tax usually sit below gross profit. Cost classification varies by business, so confirm important reporting decisions with a qualified accountant. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the direction** - Analyze revenue and COGS, plan required revenue, or calculate maximum COGS. 2. **Enter two known values** - Use revenue and direct costs from the same period, or enter one amount with a target gross margin. 3. **Compare margin and markup** - Read gross profit, gross margin, markup and the share of revenue used by COGS. 4. **Check the formula trail** - Review the revenue minus COGS calculation, then copy the result for a worksheet or note. ## Who it's for - **Bookkeepers** checking gross profit and margin from an income statement's revenue and COGS totals. - **Retailers** comparing the gross margin and markup produced by a product price. - **Service businesses** testing whether direct delivery costs leave enough gross profit. - **Operators** planning the revenue needed when supplier costs rise. - **Finance teams** setting a maximum COGS budget for a target gross margin. ## Expert note A 40% gross margin means COGS uses 60 cents of each sales dollar. It does not mean cost was marked up 40%: 60 in COGS and 100 in revenue produces a 66.67% markup on cost. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this gross margin calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, has no sign-up and does not limit the number of calculations. Use it for a single sale, a product line or accounting-period totals, as long as revenue and COGS cover the same scope. ### Are my revenue and cost figures uploaded? No. The calculation runs in your browser, and the values you enter are not uploaded or stored by the tool. You can clear the fields when you finish. Standard website analytics may still record ordinary page-visit data, not the calculator inputs. ### What is the gross margin formula? Gross profit equals revenue minus cost of goods sold. Gross margin percentage equals gross profit divided by revenue, multiplied by 100. For example, 100,000 in revenue and 60,000 in COGS gives 40,000 gross profit and a 40% gross margin. ### What is the difference between gross margin and markup? Gross margin divides gross profit by revenue, while markup divides the same gross profit by COGS. With 100 in revenue and 60 in COGS, gross profit is 40, gross margin is 40%, and markup is 66.67%. The bases are different. ### How do I calculate revenue for a target gross margin? Divide COGS by one minus the target margin as a decimal. If COGS is 60 and the target margin is 40%, required revenue is 60 divided by 0.60, or 100. A target of 100% is undefined when costs are above zero. ### What happens with zero revenue, zero cost or a gross loss? Gross margin is undefined at zero revenue, so the calculator asks for a positive revenue amount. Zero COGS produces a 100% gross margin, but markup is undefined because it would divide by zero. COGS above revenue is valid and produces a negative gross margin. ### Does gross margin include overhead, tax or interest? Usually no. Gross margin subtracts cost of goods sold, which covers direct costs tied to what was sold. Operating expenses, interest and tax are used later to calculate operating or net profit. Ask an accountant how your business should classify borderline costs. ## Related tools - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/) - [MRR and ARR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mrr-arr-calculator/) - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Online Guitar Tuner with Microphone" description: "Use this online guitar tuner with your microphone to tune standard, Drop D, half-step-down, or DADGAD guitar. Audio stays on your device." url: https://candoya.com/tools/guitar-tuner/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Guitar Tuner Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an online guitar tuner? An online guitar tuner listens through your microphone, identifies the nearest musical note, and shows whether the string is flat or sharp. Start the mic, pluck one open string, and turn its tuning peg until the needle centers. This tuner supports standard tuning, Drop D, half-step down, and DADGAD without an app. The tuner analyzes a short microphone sample in your browser with normalized autocorrelation, then converts the detected frequency to the nearest equal-tempered note relative to your selected A4 reference. The live audio is not recorded, stored, or uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a tuning** - Select standard, Drop D, half-step down, or DADGAD and check the six open-string targets. 2. **Start the microphone** - Press Start microphone and allow access when your browser asks. Use a quiet room and place the microphone near the guitar. 3. **Pluck one string** - Let the string ring without touching the others. The tuner shows the detected note, frequency, and cents offset. 4. **Center the needle** - Tune up when the reading is flat and tune down when it is sharp. A reading within 5 cents is shown as in tune. ## Who it's for - **Acoustic guitar players** can tune through a laptop or phone microphone without extra hardware. - **Electric guitar players** can place a device near an amplifier or use an audio interface selected by the browser. - **Alternate-tuning players** can switch among Drop D, half-step down, and DADGAD targets. - **Teachers and beginners** can see the exact note, frequency, and cents offset while learning what flat and sharp mean. ## Expert note A plucked guitar string contains strong overtones, so the tuner compares repeating waveform patterns instead of choosing the loudest spectrum bin. For a steadier low E reading, pluck near the 12th fret, mute the other strings, and let the initial attack settle for a moment. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is microphone audio uploaded or recorded? No. The tuner requests a live microphone stream and analyzes short sample windows in your browser memory. It does not create a recording or send the instrument audio to a server. Stop listening or close the page to release the microphone stream. ### Is this online guitar tuner free? Yes. You can use the tuner without an account, download, or session limit. Standard tuning, Drop D, half-step down, DADGAD, reference-pitch adjustment, the note readout, and the cents needle are all available on the page. ### What limits affect microphone tuning? Accuracy depends on your microphone, room noise, instrument volume, and how clearly one string rings. Browser processing works best for isolated guitar pitches from about 55 to 420 Hz. A clip-on or pedal tuner is a better choice on a loud stage. ### What are the standard guitar tuning notes? From the thickest, lowest string to the thinnest, standard guitar tuning is E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, and E4. At A4 = 440 Hz their approximate frequencies are 82.41, 110.00, 146.83, 196.00, 246.94, and 329.63 Hz. ### What does cents mean on a guitar tuner? A cent is one hundredth of a semitone. Zero cents means the detected pitch matches the nearest equal-tempered note. A negative value is flat and a positive value is sharp. This tuner marks readings from -5 through +5 cents as in tune. ### Why does the tuner show the wrong string? A guitar note contains a fundamental pitch plus louder overtones, and nearby strings can resonate. Mute the other strings, pluck one string near the 12th fret, move closer to the microphone, and wait briefly after the pick attack. Also confirm the selected tuning matches your target. ### Can I use a reference pitch other than A4 = 440 Hz? Yes. Set A4 from 432 to 446 Hz. The note and cents calculations follow that reference, which helps when tuning to an ensemble or recording that uses another concert pitch. Most modern music uses A4 = 440 Hz. ## Related tools - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/) - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/) - [Pitch Shifter](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-shifter/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Habit Tracker - Free Online Daily Habit Tracker" description: "Free online habit tracker that saves in your browser. Add habits, tick the days you did them, and watch your streaks grow. No sign-up, no app, nothing uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/habit-tracker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Habit Tracker Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is an online habit tracker? An online habit tracker is a free tool for building routines: you add the habits you want to keep, tick off each day you do them, and it counts your streaks for you. This one saves everything in your browser, so your habits and history are still here when you come back - with no account, no app to install, and nothing sent to a server. Everything runs in your browser with plain JavaScript. Your habits and the days you have ticked are written to your browser's local storage, so they stay on this device even if you close the tab or restart your computer - but they are never uploaded and no one else can see them. Add as many habits as you like, tick the last seven days in one tap each, and each row shows your current streak (days in a row up to today) and your best streak ever. A small percentage at the bottom shows how much of the week you have completed across every habit. ## How to use it 1. **Add your habits** - Type a habit and press Enter or Add - repeat for each one you want to track. Not sure? Load the example to see it in action. 2. **Tick each day you do it** - Tap the square under a day to mark that habit done; tap again to undo. The last seven days are always shown. 3. **Watch your streaks** - Each habit shows your current streak (days in a row) and your best streak ever, so progress is visible at a glance. 4. **Come back tomorrow** - Your habits and history are saved in this browser, so reopen the page any day and pick up right where you left off. ## Who it's for - **Building a new routine** - drinking more water, reading, stretching or journaling - and needing to see the streak to stay motivated. - **Breaking a bad habit** by tracking the days you avoided it and keeping the chain unbroken. - **People who don't want another app or account** and just want a private tracker that opens instantly in a browser tab. - **Students and remote workers** keeping a lightweight daily checklist pinned in the browser alongside their other tabs. ## Expert note The current streak counts backwards from today and keeps counting even if you haven't ticked today yet - it only breaks once a full day is missed, so an unfinished morning never reads as a failure. Because everything is stored in this browser's localStorage, your habits live on one browser on one device: they won't sync to your phone, and clearing your site data or browsing history erases them. In a private/incognito window that blocks storage the tracker still works on screen but can't remember your habits after you leave. ## Frequently asked questions ### How does the streak count work? The current streak is the number of consecutive days, ending today, that you ticked the habit. If you haven't ticked today yet it counts from yesterday, so an unfinished today doesn't look like a broken streak. The best streak is the longest run of consecutive days you have ever recorded. ### Are my habits saved automatically? Yes. Every change is written to your browser's local storage right away, so your habits and their history survive reloading the page or closing and reopening the tab. The status shows "Saved" once it's stored. ### Where is my data stored? Only in your own browser, in its localStorage. Nothing is uploaded to a server, so your habits stay private to this device and no one else can see them. ### Will my habits sync to my phone or another browser? No. Because the data lives in this browser on this device, it won't appear on your phone or in a different browser. It's a private, single-device tracker. ### What happens if I clear my browser data? Clearing your site data, cookies or browsing history for this site erases your saved habits, because that is where they are kept. There is no backup on our side. ### Is the habit tracker free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up, no limits and no app to install. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Does it work offline? Once the page has loaded, yes. Adding habits, ticking days and reading streaks all work without an internet connection because everything happens locally in your browser. ## Related tools - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Hand Tracking Online - Detect 21 Landmarks" description: "Detect hand landmarks in a photo with on-device AI. Inspect 21 points per hand, preview finger connections, and download annotated images or JSON." url: https://candoya.com/tools/hand-tracking/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Hand Tracking from Photos Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you detect hand landmarks in an image? Choose a photo and detect hands to mark the wrist, finger joints, and fingertips. This image-based hand tracking tool finds up to two hands with 21 points each. Review the overlay, inspect pixel coordinates, then save an annotated PNG or landmark JSON. Your photo stays on your device. Use a sharp, well-lit photo with the whole hand visible. The model first locates palms, then estimates 21 landmarks for each detected hand: one wrist and four points along each finger. The overlay connects these points so missing or misplaced estimates are easy to spot. Detection uses Google MediaPipe Hand Landmarker in a browser worker. The runtime and model download when you start; your photo is processed locally. This page analyzes still images, including saved video frames. It does not access your camera or track motion over time. The coordinate inspector shows X and Y in source-image pixels. JSON preserves normalized X, Y, and wrist-relative Z. A smaller Z means a point is estimated closer to the camera. This depth is not a measured distance in meters. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a photo** - Drop a JPEG, PNG, or WebP image, or load the sample photo to try the workflow. 2. **Detect the hands** - Start detection and wait for the local model. The first run needs an internet connection to download model files. 3. **Inspect the overlay** - Show point numbers, toggle finger connections, and expand the coordinate inspector for either detected hand. 4. **Save your result** - Download an annotated PNG or copy and download the landmark JSON for a prototype or analysis. ## Who it's for - **Developers** can inspect landmark indexing before building a gesture-controlled prototype. - **Artists and animators** can study finger positions in reference photos. - **Students** can compare normalized coordinates with image-pixel positions. - **Researchers** can check whether a sample image is suitable for a hand-pose experiment. ## Expert note A 99% left/right score does not mean every fingertip is 99% accurate. That score only describes the handedness classification. Check all 21 points visually, especially when fingers overlap or the source photo has been mirrored. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my photo uploaded for hand tracking? No. Your image is decoded and analyzed inside your browser. Public MediaPipe runtime and model files download on the first run, but the photo and landmark results are not sent to that service. Clear the tool or close the tab to release the current image. ### Is hand landmark detection free? Yes. Detection, the coordinate inspector, annotated PNG downloads, and JSON exports are available without an account, watermark, or payment. Your device performs the work, so speed and available memory determine the practical limits. ### What images and limits are supported? Use JPEG, PNG, or WebP files up to 20 MB and 16 megapixels, with each side at least 32 pixels. The tool finds at most two hands in one image. Clear views with visible fingers work better than tiny, blurry, or heavily covered hands. ### Does this tool track hands live with a webcam? This page detects hand landmarks in still photos. It does not request camera permission or analyze a live video stream. To inspect a particular moment in a video, save that frame as an image and load it here. ### What are the 21 hand landmarks? Point 0 is the wrist. Points 1 through 4 follow the thumb, 5 through 8 the index finger, 9 through 12 the middle finger, 13 through 16 the ring finger, and 17 through 20 the little finger. The last point in each group is the fingertip. ### Why can left and right hand labels look wrong? Mirrored images, unusual views, occlusion, and model errors can affect handedness labels. The image is analyzed as loaded and is not automatically mirrored. The displayed percentage is confidence in that left/right classification, so verify it against the visible hand before relying on the exported label. ### Can the model measure hand size or identify gestures? The output is an estimated landmark arrangement, not a calibrated measurement or gesture label. Normalized coordinates describe positions within the image; relative depth is not a physical distance. Gesture recognition and real-world measurements require additional logic, context, and validation. ## Related tools - [Pose Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/pose-detection/) - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/) - [Depth Estimation](https://candoya.com/tools/depth-estimation/) - [Face Blur Anonymizer](https://candoya.com/tools/face-blur-anonymizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "HEX to HSL Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free HEX to HSL converter. Type a hex color code like #3366cc and get the hsl() value, a live color preview and one-click copy - right in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # HEX to HSL Converter Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## How do I convert HEX to HSL? First read the hex code as red, green and blue (0-255), then restate that color as hue, saturation and lightness. Hue is the angle on the color wheel (0-360), saturation is how vivid it is (0-100%) and lightness how bright (0-100%). #3366cc becomes hsl(220, 60%, 50%). This tool does it instantly as you type. The converter accepts every CSS hex form: 6-digit `#3366cc`, 3-digit shorthand `#36c`, and the 4- and 8-digit forms with an alpha channel, with or without the `#`. It shows the `hsl()` or `hsla()` string, the plain values and a per-component breakdown - plus a reverse HSL to HEX row when you need to go the other way. **Everything runs in your browser** - no upload, no account, no limits. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a hex code** - Type or paste a hex color like #3366cc (or #36c), or pick one with the color swatch. The # is optional. 2. **Read the HSL value** - The hsl() string, the plain values and a live color preview update as you type, with a per-component breakdown for hue, saturation and lightness. 3. **Copy the format you need** - Click Copy next to the hsl() string or the raw values. Need the reverse? Enter hue, saturation and lightness below to get the hex code back. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** switching a hex code to hsl() so they can tweak lightness for hover and focus states without picking a whole new color. - **Designers building palettes** who keep hue fixed and step saturation and lightness to generate tints and shades from one brand color. - **Theme and design-token authors** storing colors as HSL because it is far easier to read and adjust by hand than a hex string. - **Anyone matching colors** across tools where one wants hex (Figma, most CSS) and another wants HSL (SCSS helpers, some color systems). ## Expert note HSL rounds: many colors have no exact integer hue, saturation and lightness, so converting hex to HSL and back can land on a neighbouring hex (for example a value one step off). Store the original hex as your source of truth and treat the HSL as a readable, editable view of it, not a lossless copy. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this HEX to HSL converter free? Yes - it's 100% free with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Are my colors uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion is plain JavaScript running on your device - nothing is sent to a server, and it keeps working offline once the page is loaded. ### What is HSL? HSL stands for hue, saturation and lightness. Hue is an angle from 0 to 360 degrees on the color wheel, saturation is how vivid the color is from 0 to 100 percent, and lightness runs from 0 percent (black) through the pure color at 50 percent to 100 percent (white). ### How do you convert hex to HSL by hand? Convert the hex to red, green and blue and divide each by 255. Take the max and min of the three: lightness is their average, saturation is (max - min) divided by (1 - |2L - 1|), and hue comes from which channel is the max, scaled to 0-360 degrees. ### Does it support 3-digit shorthand like #36c? Yes. In CSS shorthand each digit is doubled, so #36c expands to #3366cc and converts to hsl(220, 60%, 50%). The 4-digit form works the same way, with the last digit as alpha. ### How does it handle transparency (HSLA)? An 8-digit hex code carries alpha in its last pair. That byte (0-255) is divided by 255 to get the 0-1 alpha that hsla() expects, rounded to three decimals - so #3366cc80 becomes hsla(220, 60%, 50%, 0.502). ### Can it convert HSL back to HEX? Yes. Use the HSL to HEX row under the result: enter hue (0-360) plus saturation and lightness (0-100%) and it returns the hex code instantly. Out-of-range values are clamped. ### Why is HSL useful instead of hex? HSL is human-readable: you can lighten a color by raising L, mute it by lowering S, or shift its family by changing H - all without guessing hex digits. That makes it ideal for building consistent palettes, hover states and design tokens. ## Related tools - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "HEX to RGB Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free HEX to RGB converter. Type a hex color code like #ff5733 and get the rgb() value, a live color preview and one-click copy - right in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # HEX to RGB Converter Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## How do I convert HEX to RGB? A hex color is three pairs of hexadecimal digits, one pair per channel. Convert each pair to a decimal number from 0 to 255: in #ff5733, ff is 255 red, 57 is 87 green and 33 is 51 blue, so the RGB value is rgb(255, 87, 51). This converter does that instantly as you type. The converter accepts every CSS hex form: 6-digit `#ff5733`, 3-digit shorthand `#f53`, and the 4- and 8-digit forms with an alpha channel, with or without the `#`. It shows the `rgb()` or `rgba()` string, the plain channel values and a per-channel breakdown - and a reverse RGB to HEX row when you need to go the other way. **Everything runs in your browser** - no upload, no account, no limits. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a hex code** - Type or paste a hex color like #ff5733 (or #f53), or pick one with the color swatch. The # is optional. 2. **Read the RGB value** - The rgb() string, the plain 0-255 values and a live color preview update as you type, with a per-channel breakdown showing how each hex pair converts. 3. **Copy the format you need** - Click Copy next to the rgb() string or the raw values. Need the reverse? Enter red, green and blue below to get the hex code back. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** turning a hex code from a style guide into rgb() so they can add opacity with rgba(). - **Designers** moving brand colors between tools that want hex (CSS, Figma) and tools that want 0-255 values (some print and video apps). - **Email and marketing teams** matching campaign colors across editors that only accept one notation. - **Game and app developers** feeding 0-255 channel values into engines and SDKs that don't parse hex strings. ## Expert note For 8-digit hex the alpha byte is not 0-255 in CSS: rgba() wants 0-1, so the converter divides by 255 and rounds to three decimals - #ff573380 becomes rgba(255, 87, 51, 0.502), not alpha 128. Tools that print 0.5 are rounding away precision. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this HEX to RGB converter free? Yes - it's 100% free with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Are my colors uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion is plain JavaScript running on your device - nothing is sent to a server, and it keeps working offline once the page is loaded. ### What is the formula to convert HEX to RGB? Split the hex code into three pairs and convert each pair from base 16 to decimal: multiply the first digit by 16 and add the second (a=10 ... f=15). In #ff5733, ff = 15x16+15 = 255, 57 = 5x16+7 = 87, 33 = 3x16+3 = 51. ### Does it support 3-digit shorthand like #f53? Yes. In CSS shorthand each digit is doubled, so #f53 expands to #ff5533 and converts to rgb(255, 85, 51). The 4-digit form works the same way, with the last digit as alpha. ### How does it convert HEX to RGBA? An 8-digit hex code carries alpha in its last pair. That byte (0-255) is divided by 255 to get the 0-1 alpha rgba() expects, rounded to three decimals - so #ff573380 becomes rgba(255, 87, 51, 0.502). ### Can it convert RGB back to HEX? Yes. Use the RGB to HEX row under the result: enter red, green and blue values from 0 to 255 and it returns the hex code instantly. Out-of-range values are clamped to 0-255. ### Why do I need rgb() instead of hex? Mostly for alpha and for math: rgba(255, 87, 51, 0.5) makes a color translucent, and many APIs, game engines and design specs expect separate 0-255 channel numbers rather than a hex string. ## Related tools - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/) - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Histogram Maker - Frequency Distribution" description: "Make a histogram online from pasted numbers or a CSV column. Compare automatic bins, frequency, density, and cumulative views, then export PNG, SVG, or CSV." url: https://candoya.com/tools/histogram-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Histogram Maker Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a histogram maker do? A histogram maker groups numeric observations into equal-width intervals called bins, then draws touching bars to show the shape of the distribution. Paste values or import a CSV column, choose automatic or manual bins, and inspect frequency, density, cumulative values, and summary statistics without sending your data to a server. This tool is for continuous numeric observations such as test scores, response times, measurements, and prices. Unlike a general bar chart, a histogram places values on a number line and uses adjacent bars because each bin covers a continuous interval. The table lists every bin boundary along with count, relative frequency, probability density, and cumulative percent. Download it as CSV for further analysis, save a ready-to-share PNG, or keep the chart as a scalable SVG. ## How to use it 1. **Add observations** - Paste numeric values separated by commas, spaces, semicolons, or lines, or upload a CSV or TSV file and select a numeric column. 2. **Choose the bins** - Use Freedman-Diaconis for a robust automatic width, compare Sturges or square-root, or set an exact number of bins. 3. **Change the scale** - View raw frequency, relative frequency, probability density, or cumulative percent while the histogram updates live. 4. **Inspect and export** - Review summary statistics and exact bin values, then copy or download the table and save the chart as PNG or SVG. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** checking the spread and shape of scores or measurements. - **Analysts** exploring response times, prices, or quality-control readings before deeper modeling. - **Researchers** comparing how automatic bin rules change the visible distribution. - **Spreadsheet users** turning one numeric CSV column into a chart and auditable frequency table. ## Expert note Bin choice changes the story a histogram appears to tell. Freedman-Diaconis uses the interquartile range, so it is less sensitive to extreme values than a standard-deviation-based rule. Compare at least two settings before calling a dataset unimodal, skewed, or unusually spread out. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my histogram data uploaded? No. Parsing, binning, statistics, chart rendering, and export happen in your browser. The numeric values and CSV contents are not sent to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is the histogram maker free? Yes. You can paste values, import a numeric CSV column, compare binning methods, change the bar scale, and export the chart or table without paying or signing up. ### How much data can I use? The tool accepts up to 100,000 numeric values and files up to 5 MB. The chart supports at most 100 bins so axes and the frequency table stay usable on ordinary browsers and mobile devices. ### How are histogram bins chosen automatically? The default Freedman-Diaconis rule estimates bin width from the interquartile range and sample size. Sturges uses 1 plus the base-2 logarithm of the sample size, while square-root uses the rounded-up square root of the sample count. ### What happens to a value on a bin boundary? Each value goes into the interval that starts at its boundary. Bins include the lower endpoint and exclude the upper endpoint, except the final bin, which includes the dataset maximum so no observation is lost. ### What is the difference between frequency and density? Frequency is the number of observations in a bin. Relative frequency divides that count by the sample size. Probability density divides relative frequency by bin width, so the total area of all bars equals one. ### Can I make a cumulative histogram? Yes. Choose cumulative percent to make each bar show the share of observations at or below that bin's upper boundary. The last bar will equal 100 percent. ## Related tools - [Chart Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/chart-maker/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/) - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "HMAC Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online HMAC generator to compute message authentication codes with SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 or SHA-512. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free HMAC Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an HMAC? An HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) is a cryptographic signature that proves a message came from a trusted sender and hasn't been altered. It combines a secret key with a hash algorithm to create a unique code for each message - unlike a plain hash, HMAC authenticates AND integrity-checks simultaneously, making it essential for APIs, webhooks and secure communications. This tool computes HMACs using your browser's native WebCrypto, supporting SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512 hash algorithms. Both the message and secret key are processed locally on your device - nothing is uploaded or sent to a server, so even sensitive authentication keys stay private. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your message** - Paste or type the text you want to authenticate in the Message field. 2. **Provide your secret key** - Enter the secret key used to compute the HMAC. This key must be kept confidential. 3. **Choose hash algorithm and encoding** - Select your hash algorithm (SHA-256 is the modern standard) and output format (hex or base64). 4. **Copy the HMAC** - The computed HMAC appears instantly. Click Copy to send it to your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **API authentication** - sign requests to third-party APIs that require HMAC-based signatures (AWS, Stripe, GitHub webhooks). - **Webhook verification** - validate incoming webhook payloads by comparing the received HMAC against your computed signature. - **Data integrity checks** - ensure files or messages haven't been tampered with during transmission or storage. - **Token generation** - create secure tokens for session management, password resets or two-factor authentication flows. ## Expert note HMAC uses a keyed hash construction (key + message + hash algorithm) that makes it impossible to forge without knowing the secret key - even if an attacker sees many HMAC outputs, they cannot reverse-engineer the key or predict future codes. This is why HMAC is the gold standard for API authentication and webhook verification, whereas plain hashes (SHA-256 alone) only detect accidental corruption, not malicious tampering. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this HMAC generator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Is my secret key sent anywhere? No. Everything is processed locally in your browser using WebCrypto. Your message and key never leave your device - nothing is uploaded to a server. ### What is the difference between HMAC and a plain hash? A plain hash (like SHA-256) detects accidental changes but anyone can compute it. HMAC adds a secret key, so only someone who knows the key can produce the correct code - this authenticates the message origin and proves it hasn't been tampered with. ### Which hash algorithm should I use? SHA-256 is the modern standard and recommended for new projects. SHA-1 is legacy and considered weak for cryptography. SHA-384 and SHA-512 offer longer digests for higher security requirements. ### What does 'empty key' mean? If you leave the key field blank, the tool treats it as a zero-byte key (0x00), which is the standard HMAC behavior for empty keys. This is valid but not recommended for real authentication - always use a strong, non-empty secret key. ### Should I use hex or base64 encoding? Hex (hexadecimal) is human-readable and commonly used in documentation. Base64 is more compact and often used in APIs and protocols. Choose whichever your system expects - they encode the same HMAC bytes differently. ### Can I use this for production authentication? Yes - this tool uses the browser's native WebCrypto, which is the same cryptographic engine used by production systems. However, for server-side authentication, use a backend library (Node.js crypto, Python hmac, etc.) to keep your secret key secure. ## Related tools - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Home Affordability Calculator - Free Estimate" description: "Free home affordability calculator: estimate how much house you can afford from income, debts, down payment, mortgage rate, taxes, insurance, HOA and PMI." url: https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Home Affordability Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How much house can I afford? A home affordability calculator estimates the highest purchase price that fits your income, debts, down payment and monthly housing costs. This free calculator applies front-end and back-end debt-to-income limits, then works backward through the mortgage payment formula so you can see the home price, loan amount and monthly breakdown. Everything runs **locally in your browser**. Enter your annual gross income, monthly debts, down payment, rate and local cost estimates, and the result updates instantly. The calculator shows which debt-to-income rule is limiting you, so the answer is more useful than a single headline price. ## How to use it 1. **Enter income and debts** - Add your annual gross income and monthly recurring debt payments, such as car loans, student loans, credit cards or child support. 2. **Set your mortgage assumptions** - Enter the down payment, interest rate and loan term. You can type the down payment as a fixed amount or as a percent. 3. **Add ownership costs** - Estimate property tax, home insurance, HOA fees and PMI. These can materially change affordability, especially in high-tax areas. 4. **Read the limiting rule** - The result shows the affordable home price, loan amount, monthly payment breakdown and whether the housing DTI or total DTI cap is the tighter constraint. ## Who it's for - **First-time buyers** checking a realistic price range before touring homes. - **Move-up buyers** comparing a larger down payment against the monthly budget. - **Borrowers with debt** seeing whether car, student or credit-card payments are the limiting factor. - **Couples planning a budget** testing conservative 28/36 debt-to-income limits before talking to a lender. - **Home shoppers** adjusting property tax, insurance, HOA and PMI assumptions for different neighborhoods. ## Expert note The quiet trap is that taxes and PMI scale with the price, so a simple loan-payment calculator can overstate buying power. This tool solves price-dependent costs by search: it keeps raising or lowering the home price until principal, interest, tax, insurance, HOA and PMI fit the smaller DTI cap. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this home affordability calculator free? Yes. It is free, has no sign-up and runs in your browser. Your income, debt and down payment numbers are not uploaded or stored by the calculator. ### Is my financial information uploaded? No. The calculation is done with client-side JavaScript on your device. The page does not need an account, and the figures you type into the calculator are not sent to a server. ### What debt-to-income ratio should I use? A common conservative starting point is 28% for housing costs and 36% for total debt payments. Some loan programs and lenders allow higher ratios, but a lower ratio usually leaves more room for repairs, utilities, savings and income changes. ### Does this calculator include taxes, insurance, HOA and PMI? Yes. The monthly payment breakdown includes principal and interest, estimated property tax, home insurance, HOA fees and PMI. Property tax is entered as an annual percent of the home price, while insurance is entered as a yearly amount. ### Why does monthly debt reduce the affordable price? The back-end DTI cap includes your housing payment plus recurring debts. A car payment, student loan or minimum credit-card payment uses part of that cap, leaving less monthly room for the mortgage and other housing costs. ### Is the result a loan approval? No. It is an estimate for planning. Lenders also review credit, assets, reserves, loan type, location, taxes, insurance, employment history and underwriting rules. Use this to set a budget before getting a real preapproval. ### Which currency does it use? No specific currency. Enter all money values in the same currency and read the output the same way. The page formats numbers for your language but does not add a currency symbol. ## Related tools - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Hourly to Salary Calculator - Gross Pay" description: "Hourly to salary calculator for annual, monthly, biweekly, and weekly gross pay. Adjust paid hours and weeks for a realistic estimate." url: https://candoya.com/tools/hourly-to-salary/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Hourly to Salary Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you convert hourly pay to salary? An hourly to salary calculator multiplies your hourly rate by paid hours per week and paid weeks per year. A $25 rate at 40 hours for 52 weeks equals $52,000 in gross annual pay. Change the schedule to account for part-time work, seasonal work, or unpaid time off. **This calculator estimates gross pay, not take-home pay.** It does not apply income tax, overtime premiums, bonuses, benefits, or payroll deductions. Currency choice changes only the symbol and number format, so enter a rate in the currency you actually earn. A monthly figure is the annual result divided by 12. The weekly and biweekly figures represent one or two paid work weeks, which may differ from a payroll deposit when deductions or unpaid days apply. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your hourly rate** - Use the gross amount paid for one hour and choose the matching currency. 2. **Set paid hours** - Enter the hours you are paid for each week, excluding unpaid meal breaks. 3. **Set paid weeks** - Keep 52 if every week is paid, or reduce it for unpaid leave and seasonal gaps. 4. **Compare pay periods** - Read the annual, monthly, biweekly, and weekly estimates, then copy the breakdown if needed. ## Who it's for - **Job seekers** comparing an hourly offer with a salaried role on the same gross-pay basis. - **Part-time and seasonal workers** using their actual paid hours and weeks instead of a full-time default. - **Freelancers and contractors** estimating gross annual billing before expenses, unpaid admin time, and taxes. - **Households** translating a new hourly rate into monthly and weekly planning numbers. ## Expert note The common shortcut of doubling an hourly rate and adding three zeros assumes roughly 2,000 paid hours a year. A 40-hour, 52-week schedule is 2,080 hours, so the shortcut slightly understates the exact gross annual figure. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this hourly to salary calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use, requires no account, and has no calculation limit. Enter a rate and schedule to see the pay equivalents update immediately. ### Is my pay information uploaded? No. The calculation runs locally in your browser. The hourly rate and schedule you enter are not sent to a server by this tool. ### Does the result include taxes and deductions? No. Every result is gross pay before income tax, payroll tax, insurance, retirement contributions, or other deductions. Tax rules depend on location and personal circumstances, so this calculator does not estimate take-home pay. ### How many working hours are in a year? A 40-hour week across 52 paid weeks contains 2,080 paid hours. If you have two unpaid weeks, the total becomes 2,000 hours. Part-time and seasonal schedules can be calculated by changing both inputs. ### Should paid vacation count in weeks per year? Yes, if your employer pays you during vacation, keep those weeks in the total. Subtract only weeks when you receive no hourly pay, such as unpaid leave or a seasonal shutdown. ### Does the calculator include overtime? No. It treats every entered hour at the same hourly rate. If overtime is paid at a premium, calculate the regular and overtime portions separately rather than adding premium hours to the standard schedule. ### Why is monthly pay an average? Calendar months contain different numbers of workdays and pay periods. The calculator divides annual gross pay by 12, so the monthly result is a planning average rather than an exact paycheck amount. ## Related tools - [Commission Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/commission-calculator/) - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "HSL to HEX Converter - Instant Color Codes" description: "Convert HSL to HEX instantly with synchronized controls, opacity support, a live preview and one-click copy. Free and private in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/hsl-to-hex/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # HSL to HEX Converter Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## How do I convert HSL to HEX? Convert hue, saturation and lightness into red, green and blue channels, round each channel to a byte from 0 to 255, then write those bytes as hexadecimal pairs. For example, hsl(11, 100%, 60%) becomes rgb(255, 88, 51), so its six-digit HEX code is #FF5833. HSL describes color with a hue angle plus saturation and lightness percentages. HEX stores the same sRGB color as three base-16 channel pairs. Type a complete `hsl()` value or adjust the synchronized controls. Add opacity when you need CSS's eight-digit `#RRGGBBAA` form. **The conversion runs locally in your browser** with no upload or account. HSLHEX`hsl(0, 100%, 50%)``#FF0000``hsl(180, 100%, 25%)``#008080``hsl(210, 100%, 56%)``#1F8FFF` ## How to use it 1. **Enter an HSL color** - Paste hsl(11, 100%, 60%) or enter hue, saturation and lightness with the synchronized fields and sliders. 2. **Check the live color** - The preview, HEX code and RGB equivalent update immediately as you adjust any component. 3. **Add opacity if needed** - Enable opacity to produce an eight-digit HEX value whose final pair stores alpha. 4. **Copy the HEX code** - Use Copy to place the CSS-ready HEX value on your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** turning adjustable HSL theme values into compact HEX tokens for CSS, SVG or configuration files. - **UI designers** handing colors to design tools and brand libraries that expect six-digit HEX codes. - **Design-system authors** checking the exact sRGB bytes produced by calculated hue, saturation and lightness scales. - **Marketing teams** moving a campaign color between editors that expose different color formats. ## Expert note Hue is circular rather than bounded: 400 degrees and 40 degrees describe the same position on the color wheel. HEX has only 256 values per RGB channel, so fractional HSL inputs are rounded to the nearest representable sRGB color. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this HSL to HEX converter free? Yes. The converter is free with no sign-up, download or conversion limit. Enter an HSL value, adjust the controls and copy the HEX result immediately. ### Are my HSL colors uploaded? No. HSL to HEX conversion is plain arithmetic performed entirely in your browser. Your values are not uploaded or sent to a conversion service. ### What HSL values can I enter? Hue can be any finite angle because it wraps around the color wheel. Saturation and lightness must each be from 0 to 100 percent. You can paste CSS hsl() syntax or use separate numeric controls. ### What is the HSL to HEX formula? Compute chroma as (1 - |2L - 1|) times saturation, choose temporary RGB values from the hue's 60-degree sector, add the lightness offset, and multiply by 255. Round each RGB channel and write it as a two-digit hexadecimal pair. ### What happens when hue is above 360 or negative? Hue wraps because it is an angle. A hue of 400 degrees becomes 40 degrees, while -20 degrees becomes 340 degrees. Both still produce a valid color without changing saturation or lightness. ### Can a HEX color include HSL opacity? Yes. Enable opacity to create the eight-digit #RRGGBBAA form. The last pair maps 0 percent opacity to 00 and 100 percent to FF. For example, 50 percent opacity becomes the alpha pair 80. ### Why might HEX convert back to slightly different HSL values? HEX stores only 256 levels for each RGB channel. Fractional HSL colors often fall between those levels, so conversion rounds to the nearest byte. Converting that HEX back can therefore shift hue, saturation or lightness slightly. ## Related tools - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "HTML Entity Encoder Decoder - Free Online" description: "Free online HTML entity encoder decoder. Escape HTML special characters, decode named and numeric entities, and copy the result." url: https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # HTML Entity Encoder Decoder Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an HTML entity encoder decoder? An HTML entity encoder decoder converts characters between readable text and HTML character references such as <, ©, © and 🌍. Use it to escape markup-sensitive characters before pasting text into HTML, or decode entities from source code back into normal text. Conversion runs live in your browser and your text is not uploaded. Use **Special chars** when you only need safe HTML text, **Named entities** for readable references like `©`, or numeric modes when you need decimal or hex code points. ## How to use it 1. **Pick Encode or Decode** - Choose Encode to turn text into HTML entities, or Decode to turn entity references back into readable characters. 2. **Choose an encode mode** - Use Special chars for safe HTML text, Named entities for readable names, or Decimal and Hex for numeric code-point references. 3. **Paste your text** - The result updates live in the output panel. Decode mode handles named, decimal and hexadecimal references together. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the encoded or decoded text and paste it into your HTML, template, email or documentation. ## Who it's for - **Web developers** escaping snippets that contain angle brackets, ampersands, quotes or apostrophes before showing them as text. - **Content editors** decoding CMS or email template copy where symbols appear as `&`, ` ` or `©`. - **QA and support teams** checking whether a broken page contains raw markup or already-escaped entity references. - **Documentation writers** preparing examples that show HTML tags without the browser treating them as real markup. ## Expert note For modern UTF-8 pages you usually do not need to encode every accented letter or emoji. The important safety rule is escaping markup delimiters like `&`, `` and quotes when text enters HTML or an attribute. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this HTML entity encoder decoder free? Yes. The HTML entity encoder decoder is free to use, with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. Paste text, choose a mode and copy the result from your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Encoding and decoding happen locally in your browser. The text you paste into the widget is not sent to a server, which is useful for private templates, source snippets and support tickets. ### What characters should I encode for safe HTML? At minimum, escape ampersand, less-than, greater-than and quotes when text is inserted into HTML or an attribute. Those characters can start markup, entities or attribute boundaries. Encoding every non-ASCII character is optional on modern UTF-8 pages. ### What is the difference between named, decimal and hex entities? Named entities use readable labels such as `©`. Decimal numeric references use base-10 code points such as `©`. Hex references use base-16 code points such as `©`. Browsers decode all three forms. ### Does the decoder support emoji and non-English text? Yes. Numeric references can represent any valid Unicode code point, including emoji and non-Latin scripts. For example, `🌍` decodes to the globe emoji, and named entities such as `é` decode to accented letters. ### Will decoded HTML run as real markup? No. The decoded result is shown inside a plain textarea, so tags remain text in the tool. If you copy the decoded output into an HTML document, the browser will then treat real tags as markup. ### Why did a double-escaped ampersand decode only once? `&` is the entity for a literal ampersand. Decoding it once gives `&`. If a string was encoded multiple times, you may need to decode more than once, but do that only when you know the source is double-escaped. ## Related tools - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [Clipboard Inspector](https://candoya.com/tools/clipboard-inspector/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "HTML Formatter - Beautify HTML Online" description: "Free HTML formatter to beautify HTML documents and fragments with readable indentation. Handles HTML5 structure and runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free HTML Formatter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an HTML formatter do? An HTML formatter turns compressed or uneven markup into readable, consistently indented HTML. Paste a document or fragment, choose two spaces, four spaces or tabs, and copy the result. The formatter understands HTML5 void elements, common optional closing tags and raw script or style content, all inside your browser. This formatter focuses on **readable structure**. It places nested elements at the right depth while keeping attributes, comments, declarations and text content visible. It does not remove comments or compress bytes, so it stays separate from an HTML minifier. Your markup is processed locally and is never uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Paste HTML** - Add a full HTML document, template or fragment to the input editor, or load the example. 2. **Choose indentation** - Select two spaces, four spaces or tabs. The formatted output updates live. 3. **Check the structure** - Review the element, attribute and depth counts, then scan the indented result. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the formatted HTML and paste it into your editor, CMS or code review. ## Who it's for - **Frontend developers** cleaning a compact template before debugging a nesting problem or reviewing a diff. - **Email developers** making exported newsletter markup easier to scan without sending private campaign HTML to a server. - **CMS editors** untangling a copied component or page fragment before changing classes, links or content. - **Students** seeing the parent and child structure of a real HTML document through consistent indentation. ## Expert note HTML is not strict XML: `` and ` ` are void elements, end tags such as `` may be optional, and a less-than sign inside `` is JavaScript rather than a new HTML tag. The formatter accounts for all three cases when calculating indentation. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this HTML formatter free? Yes. The HTML formatter is free to use, with no sign-up, download or usage limit. Paste an HTML document or fragment, choose an indent style and copy the formatted result directly from your browser. ### Is my HTML uploaded anywhere? No. Formatting happens locally in your browser. The HTML you paste is not sent to a server, which makes the tool suitable for internal templates, unpublished landing pages, email markup and snippets that contain private URLs or identifiers. ### How much HTML can I format? There is no fixed server-side limit because nothing is uploaded. Very large documents depend on your browser and device memory, but normal pages, components, email templates and copied source fragments should format instantly. ### Does the formatter handle tags without closing tags? Yes. It recognizes HTML5 void elements such as img, br, input, meta and link, which never need closing tags. It also handles common optional end tags for list items, paragraphs, options and table rows or cells when working out the correct indentation. ### Will script and style content be changed? The formatter treats script and style bodies as raw text, so comparison operators, CSS selectors and strings containing less-than signs are not mistaken for HTML tags. It adjusts the block indentation but does not try to rewrite the JavaScript or CSS itself. ### Does this tool validate or repair invalid HTML? No. It is a formatter, not a standards validator or automatic repair service. It reports clearly unclosed comments, declarations, tags and raw-text elements, while tolerating the optional closing tags allowed by HTML. Use the Nu HTML Checker when you need conformance validation. ### What is the difference between an HTML formatter and minifier? A formatter adds line breaks and indentation so people can read and edit markup. A minifier removes optional whitespace and may remove comments to reduce transfer size. This page formats HTML only and intentionally keeps formatting and comments visible. ## Related tools - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/) - [Clipboard Inspector](https://candoya.com/tools/clipboard-inspector/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "HTML Minifier - Compress HTML Online" description: "Free HTML minifier to compress markup, remove comments and measure exact byte savings. Preserves sensitive content and runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free HTML Minifier Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an HTML minifier do? An HTML minifier compresses markup by removing ordinary comments, indentation, line breaks and redundant spacing that browsers do not need. Paste a document or fragment to get compact HTML plus exact byte savings. Script, style, preformatted and textarea content stays unchanged, and all processing happens locally in your browser. This minifier uses a **conservative whitespace strategy**. It compacts markup while keeping a single space where adjacent inline content may need one. Functional conditional, server-side include and Knockout comments remain intact. Your HTML never leaves your device. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your HTML** - Add a complete document or an HTML fragment to the input editor, or load the example. 2. **Choose comment handling** - Keep comment removal on for the smallest result, or turn it off when review notes must remain. 3. **Review the savings** - Check the original and minified UTF-8 byte sizes, percentage saved, lines removed and comments removed. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the compact HTML into your build output, CMS or local project. Keep your readable source for future editing. ## Who it's for - **Frontend developers** creating a smaller production copy of a static page, component demo or email template. - **Performance teams** measuring how many uncompressed HTML bytes formatting and development comments add. - **CMS editors** reducing exported page fragments before placing them in a template or content block. - **Students** comparing readable source markup with the compact form browsers can parse. ## Expert note Whitespace is not always disposable in HTML. A space between two inline elements can affect rendered text, while content inside ``, ``, `` and `` may be byte-sensitive. This minifier preserves those cases instead of applying a blind regular-expression replacement. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this HTML minifier free? Yes. The HTML minifier is free to use without an account, download or usage quota. Paste your markup, review the live result and copy it directly from the browser. ### Is my HTML uploaded anywhere? No. Minification and byte measurement run locally in your browser. The HTML you paste is not sent to a server, so you can process unpublished templates, internal links and private page fragments on your own device. ### How much HTML can I minify? There is no server-side size limit because the tool does not upload your input. The practical limit depends on your browser memory and device, but ordinary pages, templates and email documents should update immediately. ### Does the minifier change script or style content? No. Content inside script and style elements is preserved byte for byte. The same protection applies to preformatted and textarea content, where spaces and line breaks may be meaningful. Use dedicated CSS or JavaScript minifiers when those embedded languages also need compression. ### Which HTML comments are removed? With comment removal enabled, ordinary development comments are removed. Functional Internet Explorer conditional comments, server-side include directives and Knockout binding comments stay in the output because deleting them could change behavior. You can also keep every comment by clearing the option. ### Can HTML minification change how a page looks? Aggressive whitespace removal can join words or alter whitespace-sensitive content. This tool takes a conservative approach: it collapses redundant whitespace, keeps possible inline separators and preserves raw or preformatted blocks. Always test the production page after any minification step. ### Can I restore the original formatting later? A formatter can add readable indentation to minified HTML, but it cannot recover removed comments or the exact original line breaks. Keep the readable source file in version control and treat the minified result as build output. ## Related tools - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [Clipboard Inspector](https://candoya.com/tools/clipboard-inspector/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "IBAN Validator - Check Format and Checksum" description: "Validate an IBAN online by country, length and MOD-97 checksum. Get clear error details while your bank number stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/iban-validator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free IBAN Validator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an IBAN validator check? An IBAN validator checks an International Bank Account Number for the required country code, country-specific length and ISO 7064 MOD-97 checksum. It catches many typing and transcription errors before a payment is prepared. The check runs entirely in your browser, but it cannot prove that an account exists or belongs to someone. This checker follows the ISO 13616 validation sequence: **move the first four characters to the end, convert letters to numbers from A=10 through Z=35, then calculate modulo 97**. A correctly formed IBAN leaves a remainder of 1. Country length rules come from the published IBAN registry. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the IBAN** - Paste or type the number with or without spaces. Lowercase letters are accepted. 2. **Review each check** - See the basic format, registered country, expected country length and MOD-97 checksum results. 3. **Read the error detail** - If a check fails, use the specific message to find a likely country, length or check-digit problem. 4. **Copy the normalized value** - Copy the compact uppercase IBAN after checking it, or clear the field and test another number. ## Who it's for - **Accounts payable teams** checking copied payment details before preparing a bank transfer. - **Developers and QA testers** verifying payment form validation against known valid and invalid IBAN samples. - **Freelancers and small businesses** reviewing an IBAN before adding it to an invoice or supplier record. - **Customers making cross-border payments** catching missing characters and mistyped check digits before submission. ## Expert note A MOD-97 pass is a mathematical consistency check, not an account lookup. It does not verify the bank code, account status, recipient name or ownership, so confirm payment details through a trusted channel before sending money. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my IBAN uploaded or stored? No. The validator runs locally with JavaScript in your browser. The IBAN is not sent to CanDoYa or a validation API, which is useful when you are checking payment details that should not be copied into a third-party service. ### Is the IBAN validator free? Yes. You can validate IBANs without signing up, installing software or paying for checks. There is no tool-imposed usage limit because each validation runs on your own device. ### How many countries and lengths are supported? The validator includes the country codes and fixed IBAN lengths published in the international IBAN registry. A country must use the IBAN standard to pass the country check. Countries such as the United States, Canada and Australia use other domestic account formats. ### Does a valid IBAN mean the bank account exists? No. A valid result means the text has a recognized country and length and passes the MOD-97 checksum. It does not confirm that the bank or account exists, is active, can receive a payment or belongs to the intended recipient. ### Why does my IBAN fail the checksum? A failed checksum usually points to a mistyped, missing or transposed character. Compare the IBAN with the original source, including its two check digits. Do not change the suggested check digits blindly because another character may be wrong. ### Can I enter spaces or lowercase letters? Yes. Spaces are removed and letters are converted to uppercase before validation. Other punctuation, including hyphens, is rejected so accidental characters remain visible instead of being silently ignored. ### Can this tool validate a SWIFT or BIC code? No. An IBAN identifies an account in a standardized international format, while a SWIFT or BIC identifies a bank or branch. This page checks IBAN format, length and checksum only. ## Related tools - [ISBN Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/isbn-validator/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [HMAC Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "IEEE 754 Converter - Float, Hex and Binary" description: "IEEE 754 converter for 32-bit floats and 64-bit doubles. Convert decimal to hex or binary, decode raw bits, and inspect every field locally." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ieee-754-float-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # IEEE 754 Float Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an IEEE 754 converter? An IEEE 754 converter shows how a decimal value is stored as a binary32 float or binary64 double. Convert decimals into binary and hexadecimal words, or decode raw bits back into a number. The field view separates the sign, biased exponent, and fraction while the exact value reveals any rounding. The conversion runs entirely in your browser with the same typed-array operations used to read and write binary data in JavaScript. Choose 32-bit for C floats, GPU buffers, and many binary protocols, or 64-bit for JavaScript numbers and C doubles. Both directions preserve signed zero and identify normal values, subnormals, infinity, and NaN. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a direction** - Select Decimal to bits to encode a number, or Bits to decimal to decode a complete hexadecimal or binary word. 2. **Choose the precision** - Use binary32 for a 32-bit float or binary64 for a 64-bit double. The required bit and hex lengths update with the selection. 3. **Enter the value** - Type a decimal, scientific notation, Infinity, or NaN. In decode mode, paste an 8 or 16 digit hex word or a 32 or 64 bit binary word. 4. **Inspect and copy** - Read the field breakdown, classification, decoded number, and exact stored value. Copy the raw hex, binary, or exact decimal result. ## Who it's for - **Software developers** checking float fields in network packets, file formats, memory dumps, or serialization code. - **Students** learning how a sign bit, biased exponent, and fraction combine into an IEEE 754 value. - **Embedded and graphics engineers** translating binary32 register values, sensor data, and GPU constants between decimal and hex. - **Data analysts** investigating why a decimal such as 0.1 changes when stored at a lower precision. ## Expert note The decimal 0.1 becomes 0x3DCCCCCD in binary32, whose exact value is 0.100000001490116119384765625. In binary64 it becomes 0x3FB999999999999A, much closer but still not exactly one tenth. The difference comes from rounding an infinite repeating base-2 fraction to the available 23 or 52 stored fraction bits. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this IEEE 754 converter free? Yes. The converter is free, requires no account, and has no conversion limit. It supports IEEE 754 binary32 and binary64 in both directions, including decimal, hexadecimal, and raw binary representations. ### Are my numbers uploaded? No. Every conversion runs locally in your browser using ArrayBuffer and DataView. Decimal values, memory words, and bit patterns are not sent to a server, which makes the tool suitable for private debugging data. ### What formats and limits are supported? The tool supports 32-bit binary32 and 64-bit binary64 values. Decode mode requires exactly 8 or 16 hexadecimal digits, or exactly 32 or 64 binary bits. Half precision, bfloat16, decimal floating point, and extended 80-bit formats are outside its scope. ### How do I convert a float to hex? Choose Decimal to bits, select 32-bit float or 64-bit double, and enter the decimal value. The hexadecimal word updates immediately. For example, 1.0 is 0x3F800000 as binary32 and 0x3FF0000000000000 as binary64. ### Can it convert hex back to a float? Yes. Choose Bits to decimal, select the matching precision, and paste the complete hex word with or without 0x. The tool decodes the number and displays its sign, exponent, fraction, classification, binary word, and exact decimal value. ### Why is 0.1 not exact in floating point? One tenth has an infinite repeating expansion in base 2, just as one third repeats in base 10. IEEE 754 must round that expansion to a finite significand. Binary32 keeps 24 significant binary digits including the implicit leading bit, while binary64 keeps 53. ### What are subnormal numbers? Subnormal values use an all-zero exponent field and a nonzero fraction. They fill the gap between zero and the smallest normal value with reduced precision. The converter labels them explicitly and applies the fixed minimum exponent for the selected format. ### Does the converter handle negative zero, infinity, and NaN? Yes. It preserves the sign bit of negative zero, recognizes positive and negative infinity, and classifies any all-ones exponent with a nonzero fraction as NaN. When decoding NaN, the raw payload bits remain visible even though JavaScript displays the numeric result simply as NaN. ## Related tools - [Number Base Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/) - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [IPv4 Subnet Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Caption Generator - Private On-Device AI" description: "Generate editable image captions with private on-device AI. Get three English descriptions with no image upload, account, or usage credits." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-captioner/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image Caption Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an image caption generator? An image caption generator uses computer vision and language generation to turn a picture into a short written description. This tool creates three editable English drafts inside your browser. Your photo stays on your device while a public AI model supplies the visual and language knowledge. **This captioner runs the ViT-GPT2 image-captioning model through Transformers.js 3.8.1 in a dedicated browser worker.** It downloads roughly 250 MB of 8-bit model weights and processes the image through WebAssembly on your CPU. The model and runtime download separately from public hosts, but the selected image is processed locally. ViT-GPT2 joins a Vision Transformer image encoder with a GPT-2 text decoder. It was trained for concise English descriptions rather than promotional social copy or complete accessibility decisions. Use its suggestions as a first draft, then correct missing context, visible text, names, identity, and details that only a person can verify. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop in one JPEG, PNG, or WebP up to 10 MB and 16 megapixels, or load the sample scene to explore the workflow. 2. **Generate captions** - Start the local model. The first run downloads public model files, then processes the image locally on your CPU. 3. **Review and copy** - Edit the three suggestions to correct context or details, then copy one caption or the complete numbered set. ## Who it's for - **Editors and bloggers** drafting neutral captions before adding names, places, dates, or story context. - **Accessibility teams** creating a starting point for alt text that will receive a human accuracy and purpose check. - **Photographers and archivists** producing searchable description ideas for images that should not be uploaded to a captioning API. - **Students and developers** exploring browser-based image-to-text inference without installing Python or sending a photo to a server. ## Expert note Sampled alternatives can share the same factual mistake because all candidates come from one model and image encoding. Three suggestions are useful for wording, not independent verification, so compare each draft with the source image before using it. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. The selected image is decoded and analyzed inside a browser worker on your device. The worker downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and ViT-GPT2 model from external hosts, but those requests do not contain your image. CanDoYa does not receive or store the source photo or generated captions. ### Is this image caption generator free? Yes. There is no account, payment, credit limit, or watermark. Your device supplies the computing power. The first run downloads large public runtime and model files, so it still uses your internet connection and may matter on a slow or metered plan. ### What image limits apply? The tool accepts one JPEG, PNG, or WebP image up to 10 MB and 16 megapixels, with each side at least 32 pixels. These limits reduce browser memory spikes. Animated images, GIF, HEIC, SVG, camera RAW files, and multi-image batches are not supported. ### How large is the image captioning model? The tool downloads roughly 250 MB of 8-bit model weights. Runtime and configuration files download separately. Browsers may cache these files for later runs, but storage cleanup or private browsing can remove them. ### Can I use an AI caption as alt text? Use it only as a draft. Good alt text depends on why the image appears on a page, not just what a model sees. Check the caption against the image, remove irrelevant detail, add important context, and leave the alt attribute empty when an image is purely decorative. ### How accurate are the generated captions? Accuracy varies with the scene. Clear photos of common objects and activities tend to work better than small details, diagrams, unusual viewpoints, specialist subjects, or images dominated by text. The model can omit objects or invent relationships, so compare every suggestion with the original before publishing it. ### Does image captioning work without WebGPU? Yes. This tool uses WebAssembly on the CPU for consistent browser compatibility, so WebGPU is not required. Processing stays on-device and can take several seconds depending on your hardware. ### Can I run the image captioner offline? A later run may work without another download after the browser caches the runtime and model, but offline availability is not guaranteed. Browsers can evict cached files, storage cleanup can remove them, and private browsing often discards downloaded model data when the session ends. ## Related tools - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/) - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/) - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Color Palette Extractor - Free Online" description: "Extract a color palette from any image and copy HEX, RGB, HSL, or CSS values. Fast local analysis for photos, logos, and screenshots." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Image Color Palette Extractor Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an image color palette extractor? An image color palette extractor finds several representative colors in a photo, logo, or screenshot. Add an image, choose between three and eight colors, then copy individual HEX values or the whole palette as CSS variables. Analysis runs in your browser, so the original image is not uploaded. The extractor downsamples a working copy, ignores mostly transparent pixels, and groups nearby RGB values with deterministic weighted clustering. Each result shows the cluster's estimated share of sampled pixels. Unlike an exact-color histogram, this method combines small shading and compression differences into useful visual groups. ## How to use it 1. **Add an image** - Drop a supported raster image into the tool, choose one from your device, or load the built-in example. 2. **Choose a palette size** - Select three to eight colors. The palette updates from the same local pixel sample without uploading the image. 3. **Copy the colors** - Copy one HEX value or copy every extracted color as ready-to-paste CSS variables. ## Who it's for - **Brand designers** can turn a logo or campaign image into reusable color tokens. - **Web developers** can copy a photo's palette directly into CSS custom properties. - **Content creators** can match text, backgrounds, and graphics to a thumbnail or social image. - **Illustrators and photographers** can inspect how much of a composition each main color occupies. ## Expert note A palette describes pixel area, not visual importance. A small bright subject may rank below a large neutral background, so crop around the subject first when its colors matter more than the full composition. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded? No. Your browser decodes the file, draws a smaller working copy to Canvas, and analyzes its pixels locally. This tool does not send the image or extracted pixel data to a server. ### Is the image color palette extractor free? Yes. You can extract palettes and copy every result without an account, payment, watermark, or per-image credits. The file stays on your device while you use the page. ### What image limits and formats are supported? You can choose PNG, JPG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, or BMP files up to 25 MB and 40 megapixels when your browser supports the format. Animated files use the frame rendered during browser decoding, so a still image gives the most repeatable palette. ### How are colors extracted from an image? The tool downsamples the image, ignores pixels below the transparency threshold, builds a compact color histogram, and runs deterministic weighted k-means clustering. Cluster averages become the palette, ordered by their estimated share of the sampled image. ### Why does the palette change when I choose more colors? Each palette size asks the clustering method to divide the same pixels into a different number of groups. With more groups, broad colors can split into lighter, darker, or more saturated shades. Fewer groups produce a simpler summary. ### Why does another palette tool show different colors? A color palette is an estimate rather than stored image metadata. Tools may use median cut, octrees, k-means, different color spaces, or different sample sizes. Transparency, cropping, animation frames, and color-profile handling can also alter the result. ### Can I use the extracted palette in CSS? Yes. Select Copy CSS to get a :root block containing one custom property per color. You can paste the variables into a stylesheet and rename them for semantic roles such as background, accent, or text. ## Related tools - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Color Picker - Pick HEX from Any Image" description: "Pick an exact color from any image and copy HEX, RGB, HSL, alpha, and pixel coordinates. Private Canvas sampling with zoom and a pixel loupe." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Image Color Picker Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an image color picker? An image color picker lets you click a pixel in a photo, logo, or screenshot and read its color code. Add an image, inspect it with the magnified loupe, then copy HEX, RGB, HSL, alpha, or coordinates. Sampling runs locally in your browser, so the file is not uploaded. The tool decodes your image with its saved orientation, draws a bounded preview, and maps every click back to the oriented source pixel. A separate 1 by 1 Canvas read preserves source-image coordinates even when the preview is scaled or zoomed. Results describe the browser-rendered color, normally in sRGB, rather than raw compressed bytes or a paint catalog match. Each saved pixel stays in a short on-page list. Copy the list for a design note or download a CSV containing the coordinate, HEXA, RGBA, HSLA, and alpha values. ## How to use it 1. **Add an image** - Drop, choose, or paste a supported raster image. The browser applies saved EXIF orientation when it decodes the file. 2. **Target a pixel** - Hover for a live loupe, then click or tap to save the pixel. Use the arrow keys for one-pixel adjustments. 3. **Copy or download** - Copy one color format, copy the saved list, or download all saved pixels and coordinates as CSV. ## Who it's for - **Web designers** can match a brand accent from a logo or approved mockup. - **Developers** can inspect a screenshot and copy a CSS-ready color value. - **Content teams** can sample thumbnail, slide, and social graphic colors without opening an editor. - **Accessibility reviewers** can capture foreground and background pixels before checking their contrast. ## Expert note A sampled JPEG edge often contains a blended compression pixel rather than either visible flat color. Zoom in and sample a few pixels inside a solid region; for transparent artwork, use HEXA or RGBA so the alpha channel is not lost. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded? No. The browser decodes the selected file and reads pixels with Canvas on your device. The image, its pixels, and your saved color list are not sent to a processing server by this tool. ### Is the image color picker free? Yes. You can upload images, sample as many pixels as you need, copy color values, and download the saved list without an account, payment, watermark, or usage credits. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The picker accepts PNG, JPG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, and BMP files up to 40 MB and 64 megapixels when the browser can decode that format. Animated images use the frame exposed by the browser decoder. ### How do I get a HEX color from an image? Add the image, move over the area you want, and use the loupe to target one pixel. Click or tap to save it, then use the Copy button beside HEX. Semi-transparent pixels also show an eight-digit HEXA value. ### Can the picker read transparent pixels? Yes. The checkerboard reveals transparency, and semi-transparent samples include HEXA, RGBA, HSLA, and an alpha percentage. Fully transparent Canvas pixels commonly read as transparent black, so the alpha value is more meaningful than the hidden RGB channels. ### Why can the sampled color differ from what another app shows? Browsers decode embedded color profiles and expose rendered Canvas pixels, usually in sRGB. Other apps may report raw profile values, use a wider-gamut working space, or round channels differently. JPEG compression also blends colors around edges. ### Does zoom change the sampled color? No. Zoom only enlarges the preview. Pointer positions are mapped back to the oriented source-image dimensions, and the picker reads one source pixel. The x and y values therefore stay in source-pixel coordinates. ## Related tools - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image Histogram](https://candoya.com/tools/image-histogram/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Color Replacer - Swap Colors in PNG & JPG" description: "Replace a color in an image with adjustable tolerance. Sample a pixel, preview the change, and save a transparent PNG. Free and processed in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-replacer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Image Color Replacer Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an image color replacer? An image color replacer swaps a chosen color for another across a picture. Add a PNG, JPG, or WebP, sample the source color, and choose its replacement. Adjust tolerance to include nearby shades, compare the original with the result, then download a PNG with the same dimensions and transparency. Matching uses Euclidean distance in [Oklab color space](https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#color-difference-OK). The tolerance value is 100 times that distance; zero matches only identical RGB values. Pixels inside the threshold receive the exact replacement RGB color while their alpha channel stays unchanged. Fully transparent pixels are ignored. Each application starts from the original image, so repeated adjustments do not accumulate damage. This is a flat-color editor: it does not isolate objects or retain shadows, texture, or gradients inside a matched area. No file or pixel data is sent to a processing server. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your image** - Drop a PNG, JPG, or WebP into the editor, or try the sample artwork. Your file is decoded locally. 2. **Choose the two colors** - Click a visible pixel in the original image or enter its HEX code. Set the replacement using its color picker or HEX field. 3. **Adjust and apply** - Start with a low tolerance. Apply replacement, compare both previews, and increase tolerance if nearby shades were missed. 4. **Save the PNG** - Download the current result. Changing a setting disables the download until you apply it, so the saved file matches your preview. ## Who it's for - Update a brand color in a flat logo without rebuilding the artwork. - Recolor icons, diagrams, and pixel art while keeping their transparent background. - Try alternate colors for a slide illustration or social graphic. ## Expert note A soft logo edge can contain several blended colors even when the interior is uniform. Sample inside the solid area and raise tolerance gradually. A large tolerance may also recolor unrelated objects elsewhere in the picture, because matching is global rather than a connected-area selection. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. The browser decodes, samples, recolors, and exports your image on your device. The tool does not send the file or its pixels to a processing server. ### Is the image color replacer free? Yes. Color replacement and PNG downloads are free, with no account, watermark, or usage credits. The same file and dimension limits apply to every image. ### Which image formats and sizes can I use? Use PNG, JPG, or WebP files up to 25 MB and 12 megapixels. Each side must be at most 8,192 pixels. Output is always a static PNG at the original decoded dimensions. Animated files are reduced to the frame exposed by the browser decoder. ### How does tolerance affect color replacement? Zero replaces exact RGB matches only. Higher values include colors within a larger Oklab distance from your source color, including differences in lightness. The scale runs from 0 to 100 and is not a percentage of selected pixels. Apply the setting to inspect the matched count. ### Will it preserve a transparent PNG background? Yes. Replacement keeps each pixel's existing alpha value, including partial transparency. Fully transparent pixels are skipped. The checkerboard is only a preview backdrop and is not added to the downloaded PNG. ### Can I change only one object in a photograph? Matching applies to the whole image, so every visible pixel within tolerance is replaced, wherever it occurs. The tool works best for flat graphics. It does not identify objects, preserve photographic shading, or provide a brush selection. ### Why does a JPG leave speckles around the changed color? JPEG compression and anti-aliasing create neighboring colors along edges. An exact match misses those pixels. Increase tolerance in small steps and check both previews. Starting with an original PNG usually gives a cleaner result than a compressed JPEG. ## Related tools - [Image Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/) - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Grayscale Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/grayscale-converter/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Compressor - Reduce File Size Online" description: "Compress images online with private browser processing, quality controls, visual previews, and clear file-size savings. No upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image Compressor Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an image compressor? An image compressor reduces a picture's file size so it loads, sends, and stores more efficiently. Choose a PNG, JPG, or WebP image, select the output format and quality, then compare the result with the original. Processing happens in your browser, so the file is never uploaded. This tool decodes your image and re-encodes it with the browser's Canvas encoder. JPEG and WebP use adjustable lossy quality. PNG output is re-encoded without a quality setting, so it is useful for preserving transparency but is not presented as lossless optimization or guaranteed to shrink the file. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop in a PNG, JPG, or WebP file up to 50 MB, or use the built-in example. 2. **Set format and quality** - Choose WebP, JPEG, or PNG. For WebP and JPEG, adjust quality to balance detail against file size. 3. **Compare the result** - Compress the image, inspect both previews, and check the original size, output size, and percentage difference. 4. **Download the image** - Save the compressed file when the result has the quality and size you need. ## Who it's for - **Website owners** can reduce photo weight before adding images to product pages, blog posts, and landing pages. - **Designers** can compare file size and appearance before handing optimized assets to a developer. - **Students and office teams** can make images easier to attach to forms, email, and shared documents. - **Privacy-conscious users** can compress personal or client images without sending them to a third-party processing server. ## Expert note Converting a detailed PNG screenshot to WebP often cuts more bytes than re-encoding it as PNG, while a JPEG photo may need a quality reduction before its file size changes meaningfully. Always judge the preview at the size where the image will actually appear. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded? No. The selected file is decoded and re-encoded locally by your browser. The tool does not send the original image or compressed result to a processing server, which makes it suitable for personal photos and confidential work files. ### Is the image compressor free? Yes. You can compress and download images without an account, watermark, credit balance, or subscription. The practical limits come from your browser's available memory and this tool's 50 MB and 50 megapixel safety limits. ### What image formats are supported? The tool accepts PNG, JPEG or JPG, and WebP images. It exports WebP, JPEG, and PNG when the browser supports that encoder. Animated images, HEIC, TIFF, SVG, and camera RAW files are not accepted in this version. ### Can I compress an image without losing quality? WebP and JPEG compression is lossy, so lower quality settings discard image detail even when the difference is hard to see. PNG output preserves the decoded pixels and transparency, but browser re-encoding is not a specialized lossless PNG optimizer and may not reduce file size. ### Why did the compressed image become larger? A file can grow when its original encoder was already efficient, when you choose a less suitable format, or when the quality setting is high. The tool reports increases instead of calling them savings. Try WebP, lower the quality, or keep the original file. ### What happens to transparent pixels in JPEG? JPEG has no transparency channel. When you export a transparent PNG or WebP as JPEG, this tool fills transparent areas with white before encoding. Choose WebP or PNG when the transparent background must remain transparent. ## Related tools - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image to WebP](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Cropper - Crop Photos Online" description: "Crop images online with a draggable frame, ratio presets, exact pixels, and private PNG, JPG, or WebP download. No upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Image Cropper Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does an image cropper do? An image cropper removes the outer parts of a photo and keeps the rectangular area you select. Drag and resize the crop frame, choose a common aspect ratio or enter exact pixel coordinates, then export the result as PNG, JPG, or WebP without uploading the original file. The editor runs locally in your browser, with no account, upload, or watermark. It keeps the selected pixels at their original dimensions and only encodes the new cropped file in your chosen format. ## How to use it 1. **Add your image** - Drop a PNG, JPG, or WebP file into the tool, choose one from your device, or load the example image. 2. **Frame the crop** - Move and resize the crop box, pick an aspect ratio, or enter X, Y, width, and height values for exact control. 3. **Choose the output** - Select PNG, JPEG, or WebP and set the quality when using a lossy format. 4. **Crop and save** - Create the preview, confirm its pixel dimensions, then copy or download the cropped image. ## Who it's for - **Social media creators** can make square posts, portrait images, and 16:9 thumbnails from one source photo. - **Website owners** can remove empty margins and frame product or article images around the important subject. - **Designers and developers** can crop assets to exact pixel coordinates before placing them in a layout. - **Students and office teams** can trim screenshots and photos before adding them to slides, forms, and documents. ## Expert note Cropping does not scale the selected pixels, but JPEG and WebP export can recompress them; use PNG for transparency or high-quality JPEG and WebP settings when file size matters. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. The browser reads, crops, previews, and exports the image on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the selected file or the cropped result, though normal site analytics may still record page visits. ### Is this image cropper free? Yes. You can crop images without an account, subscription, watermark, or download limit. Your browser and device memory set the practical limits for very large image files. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The cropper accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP images up to 50 MB, with each side no larger than 16,384 pixels and no more than 50 megapixels total. It exports PNG, JPEG, or WebP when your browser supports the selected format. ### How do I crop an image to exact pixels? Upload the image, then enter X and Y for the top-left corner plus the width and height of the area to keep. Values are measured in source-image pixels and are kept inside the original image bounds. ### Which aspect ratio should I choose? Use 1:1 for a square, 4:5 for a portrait post, 3:2 or 4:3 for common photo frames, and 16:9 for widescreen thumbnails. Choose Free when no fixed ratio is required, or Original to preserve the source proportions. ### Does cropping reduce image quality? The crop operation keeps the selected region at its original pixel size, so it does not blur pixels by scaling. Export still creates a new file, and JPEG or WebP compression may remove detail depending on the quality setting. PNG uses lossless encoding. ### Can I keep a transparent background? Yes. Export as PNG to keep transparent pixels. WebP can also preserve transparency in supported browsers. JPEG has no alpha channel, so transparent areas are filled with white before the cropped image is saved. ## Related tools - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image to WebP](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Difference Checker - Compare Pictures" description: "Compare two images online with overlay, split view, and pixel difference highlighting. Adjust tolerance and export the result privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-diff-compare/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image Difference Checker Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an image difference checker? An image difference checker compares two pictures at the pixel level so you can see exactly what changed. Load an original and a revised image, inspect them as an overlay or split view, then highlight changed pixels with an adjustable tolerance. The files stay in your browser throughout the comparison. This image comparison tool works without an account or file upload. It supports PNG, JPEG, and WebP files, aligns both images at the top-left corner, and can export the current comparison as a PNG. ## How to use it 1. **Add both images** - Choose or drop the original picture and the changed picture. PNG, JPEG, and WebP files are supported. 2. **Run the comparison** - Select Compare images. The tool aligns both files at the top left and compares every RGBA pixel. 3. **Inspect each view** - Switch between overlay, split view, and pixel difference. Adjust opacity, split position, or difference tolerance as needed. 4. **Save the evidence** - Copy the current canvas or download a PNG of the comparison result. ## Who it's for - **Designers** can check revised mockups for shifted spacing, changed colors, or missing elements. - **Developers and QA teams** can inspect screenshot regressions that are hard to catch by switching browser tabs. - **Photographers and editors** can compare retouching, color grading, and crop adjustments before delivery. - **Content teams** can verify that only the intended parts of a banner, diagram, or product image changed. ## Expert note Pixel diffs are deliberately sensitive to alignment: a one-pixel shift can mark most edges as changed. Compare images with matching dimensions and registration, then raise tolerance only to ignore minor compression or color noise. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my images uploaded anywhere? No. The browser decodes, aligns, compares, displays, and exports both images on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the files or the generated comparison, although normal site analytics may record that you visited the page. ### Is the image difference checker free? Yes. You can compare images, use every viewing mode, change the tolerance, and export a PNG without an account, subscription, or watermark. Your browser and device memory set the practical limit for large files. ### What formats and size limits are supported? The tool accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP files up to 25 MB each. Each side can be at most 8,192 pixels, and the combined comparison canvas can contain up to 20 million pixels. ### How does pixel difference highlighting work? The tool compares red, green, blue, and alpha values at every pixel. A pixel is highlighted in pink when any channel differs by more than the selected tolerance. Matching pixels remain as a faint grayscale reference. ### Can I compare images with different dimensions? Yes. The comparison canvas uses the larger width and height. Both images start at the top-left corner, and any area not covered by the smaller image is transparent, so size differences appear in the pixel diff. ### Why do JPEG images show tiny differences? JPEG compression changes color values in small blocks, even when two pictures look nearly identical. Increase the difference tolerance to suppress minor compression noise while keeping larger visual changes highlighted. ### What is the difference between overlay and split view? Overlay places the changed image over the original with adjustable opacity, which exposes movement and color shifts. Split view shows the original on one side and the changed version on the other, with an adjustable dividing position. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Upscaler](https://candoya.com/tools/image-upscaler/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Dimensions Checker - Pixel Size and Ratio" description: "Check image dimensions, pixel size, aspect ratio, megapixels and file size instantly. Your image stays private in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-dimensions-checker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image Dimensions Checker Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an image dimensions checker? An image dimensions checker reads a picture's exact width and height in pixels, then calculates its aspect ratio, megapixel count and orientation. It also identifies the file format and stored size. Use it before uploading, printing or resizing an image, without sending the file to a server. **Pixel dimensions and file size answer different questions.** A 1920 x 1080 image contains about 2.07 million pixels and has a 16:9 shape, but JPEG or WebP compression determines how much storage it uses. This checker reports both measurements without changing the image. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop a JPG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, BMP or SVG file into the checker, or click the upload area to browse. 2. **Read the measurements** - Review the decoded width and height, simplified aspect ratio, megapixels, orientation, format and file size. 3. **Copy the details** - Copy the complete measurement summary for a brief, asset ticket or upload checklist. ## Who it's for - **Designers and developers** can verify that exported assets match a layout slot before adding them to a site or app. - **Content teams** can check social images, blog covers and marketplace uploads against pixel requirements. - **Photographers** can compare resolution, megapixels and orientation before printing, sharing or resizing a photo. - **QA teams** can confirm delivered images have the expected format, dimensions and stored file size. ## Expert note Pixel dimensions do not reveal print size on their own: a 3000 x 2400 image prints at 10 x 8 inches at 300 pixels per inch, but changing a DPI metadata tag without resampling does not add or remove pixels. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. Your browser opens the selected image locally to read its natural width and height. The file and the measurements are not sent to CanDoYa or a processing server. Clearing the tool also releases the temporary local preview. ### Is the image dimensions checker free? Yes. You can check images and copy their measurements without an account, subscription or watermark. The checker accepts one file at a time, up to 50 MB, and runs with the image formats your browser can decode. ### Which image formats can I check? The checker accepts JPG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, BMP and SVG. Actual decoding support depends on your browser, especially for newer formats such as AVIF. Animated GIFs report the canvas dimensions shared by their frames, not animation length. ### How do I find an image's width and height in pixels? Drop the image into the checker or choose it from your device. Once the browser decodes the file, the width and height appear as a pair such as 1920 x 1080 px, with separate cards for each dimension. ### What is the difference between image dimensions and file size? Image dimensions count pixels across and down. File size measures the stored bytes used by the compressed file. Two images can have identical dimensions but very different file sizes because their formats, quality settings and visual detail compress differently. ### How is the image aspect ratio calculated? The checker divides both pixel dimensions by their greatest common divisor. A 1920 x 1080 image becomes 16:9, while a 1200 x 800 image becomes 3:2. The ratio describes shape, not the total number of pixels. ### Are image dimensions the same as resolution or DPI? People often call width and height the image resolution, but DPI or PPI describes a print-density setting. Pixel dimensions are fixed until the image is resampled. A DPI tag can change the suggested print size without changing the pixel count. ## Related tools - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/) - [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/aspect-ratio-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Histogram Online - RGB Photo Analyzer" description: "View an image histogram online with RGB and luminance channels, clipping stats, and CSV or PNG export. Your photo stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-histogram/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image Histogram Online Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does an image histogram show? An image histogram shows how pixels are distributed across 256 brightness levels, from black at 0 to white at 255. This viewer plots red, green, blue, and luminance channels, then measures tonal range and clipping so you can assess exposure and color balance without uploading the image. This image histogram analyzer decodes PNG, JPEG, and WebP files locally with the browser Canvas API. Switch between a combined RGB view and individual channels, use a logarithmic scale to reveal sparse values, and export the 256 bins as CSV or the visible chart as PNG. ## How to use it 1. **Add an image** - Choose or drop a PNG, JPEG, or WebP file. The histogram is generated automatically on your device. 2. **Inspect the channels** - View combined RGB, luminance, or one color channel. Change to logarithmic scale when small peaks are hidden by a dominant tone. 3. **Read the diagnostics** - Check mean luminance, tonal range, and the percentages clustered near black and white. 4. **Export the result** - Copy the summary, download every histogram bin as CSV, or save the current chart as a PNG. ## Who it's for - **Photographers** can spot crushed shadows, blown highlights, and narrow tonal ranges before editing a photo. - **Designers** can compare RGB channel shapes to find color casts in product images, banners, and artwork. - **Print teams** can inspect whether important detail sits close to pure black or pure white before proofing. - **Students and developers** can export exact 256-bin counts for image-processing exercises and test fixtures. ## Expert note This tool charts decoded display pixels, not raw camera sensor data. Its luminance curve uses Rec. 709 luma weights on sRGB channel values, and fully transparent pixels are excluded so transparent canvas area does not create a false spike at black. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. Your browser decodes the file, reads its pixels, calculates all histogram bins, and creates exports on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the image or its histogram, although normal site analytics may record that you opened this page. ### Is the image histogram tool free? Yes. You can analyze images, switch channels and chart scales, copy the summary, and download CSV or PNG results without an account, subscription, or watermark. Your browser and available device memory set the practical processing limit. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The viewer accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP files up to 25 MB. An image can be at most 8,192 pixels on either side and 30 megapixels in total. Animated formats are not supported because a single static pixel grid is required. ### How do I read an image histogram? The horizontal axis runs from dark pixels on the left to light pixels on the right. The vertical height shows how many pixels share each value. A narrow graph suggests limited tonal range, while strong peaks at either endpoint can indicate clipped shadow or highlight detail. ### What is the difference between RGB and luminance histograms? An RGB histogram plots red, green, and blue values separately, making channel imbalance and single-channel clipping visible. A luminance histogram combines those channels with perceptual weighting into one brightness curve, which is easier to use for a quick exposure overview. ### What do shadow and highlight clipping mean? Shadow clipping counts visible pixels with luminance levels from 0 through 5, while highlight clipping counts levels from 250 through 255. High percentages suggest that detail may be compressed near black or white, but intentional black backgrounds and white graphics can also produce strong endpoint peaks. ### Why use logarithmic chart scale? A linear chart preserves direct visual proportion, but one large bin can flatten every smaller peak. Logarithmic scale compresses the tallest peaks so sparse tonal values remain visible. It changes only the chart height, never the underlying counts or exported CSV data. ## Related tools - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-diff-compare/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Resizer - Resize Photos Online" description: "Resize images online to exact pixel dimensions with aspect lock, presets, preview, and private PNG, JPG, or WebP download." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Image Resizer Online Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does an image resizer do? An image resizer changes a picture's pixel width and height for websites, social posts, documents, or email. Choose exact dimensions or a preset, keep the original aspect ratio when needed, preview the result, and download a new PNG, JPG, or WebP file without uploading the original. Everything happens in your browser, so the source image stays on your device. The tool uses high-quality Canvas smoothing and staged downscaling for large reductions. You can preserve proportions for a natural-looking resize or use an exact frame when a platform requires fixed dimensions. ## How to use it 1. **Add an image** - Drop a PNG, JPG, or WebP file into the tool, choose it from your device, or load the example. 2. **Set the dimensions** - Enter a width and height or pick a quick size. Keep aspect ratio locked to avoid stretching. 3. **Choose the output** - Select PNG, JPEG, or WebP and adjust quality when the format supports it. 4. **Resize and download** - Create the resized preview, check its dimensions, then download the new file. ## Who it's for - **Website owners** can resize large photos before adding them to articles, landing pages, and product listings. - **Social media teams** can start with square, portrait, story, and link-preview dimensions. - **Students and office workers** can fit images into slides, forms, documents, and email attachments. - **Developers and designers** can create exact PNG, JPG, or WebP assets without opening a desktop editor. ## Expert note Downsizing removes pixels and enlarging invents new ones, so no resizer can preserve every detail; high-quality smoothing improves the result, but starting from the largest clean original still matters most. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. The browser reads, resizes, previews, and exports the image on your device. The selected file and resized result are not sent to CanDoYa or another processing server. ### Is this image resizer free? Yes. You can resize images without an account, subscription, watermark, or download limit. Browser and device memory are the practical limits for very large images. ### What image formats can I resize? The tool accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP images up to 50 MB. You can export the result as PNG, JPEG, or WebP, depending on which format best fits transparency, compatibility, and file size. ### How do I resize an image without stretching it? Keep Lock aspect ratio turned on and change either the width or height. The other dimension updates from the original proportions. Exact frame presets may use a different ratio, so check the preview before downloading. ### Does resizing an image reduce quality? Any pixel resize changes image data. Downsizing usually stays sharp with good smoothing, while enlarging can look soft because the source has no extra detail to recover. JPEG and WebP quality settings can also trade detail for a smaller file. ### Why does a JPEG lose transparency? JPEG does not support transparent pixels, so this resizer fills transparent areas with white before export. Choose PNG or WebP when you need to preserve a transparent background. ## Related tools - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image to WebP](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image to ASCII Art Converter - Free Online" description: "Convert an image to ASCII art online with adjustable width, contrast, brightness and character sets. Copy or download private text art instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-ascii-art/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Image to ASCII Art Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an image to ASCII art converter? An image to ASCII art converter turns a photo or graphic into text by matching each sampled area to a character with a similar visual density. This browser tool lets you tune detail, contrast and character style, then copy or download the result without uploading the original image. The converter uses your browser's Canvas API to resize and sample the image. It applies perceptual luminance weighting, corrects for the tall shape of monospace characters, and maps each sample onto the chosen density ramp. Processing stays on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Add an image** - Drop in or choose a PNG, JPG or WebP file, or load the built-in example. 2. **Tune the conversion** - Choose an output width and character set, then adjust contrast, brightness or inversion while the result updates. 3. **Use the result** - Copy the ASCII art to your clipboard or download it as a plain-text file. ## Who it's for - **Developers and open-source maintainers** can make compact artwork for READMEs, terminal banners and source comments. - **Chat and community users** can turn a recognizable photo or logo into copyable plain text for Discord and forums. - **Designers and hobbyists** can explore retro terminal aesthetics before refining the result in a text editor. - **Teachers and students** can see how luminance quantization represents an image with a limited symbol palette. ## Expert note Monospace glyphs are usually about twice as tall as they are wide, so the converter halves the sampled row count; omitting that correction makes faces and circles look vertically stretched. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded? No. The browser decodes, resizes and samples your image locally with Canvas. The file and generated ASCII text are not sent to CanDoYa or stored on a server. ### Is the image to ASCII art converter free? Yes. You can convert images, change every available setting, copy the output and download a TXT file without signing up or paying. ### What image limits apply? The converter accepts one PNG, JPG or WebP file up to 25 MB, with no side longer than 16,384 pixels and no more than 50 megapixels. Output width ranges from 20 to 200 characters. ### How does image to ASCII conversion work? The image is resized to a small grid, each cell is reduced to a perceptually weighted brightness value, and that value selects a character from light to dense. Contrast and brightness are applied before the character is chosen. ### Why does my ASCII art look too dark or flat? Photos with a narrow tonal range often map to only a few similar characters. Raise the contrast, adjust brightness, try the detailed character set, or invert the mapping when placing the result on a dark background. ### Can I use the ASCII art in Discord or a README? Yes. Copy the output and paste it inside a code block so a monospace font preserves alignment. For narrow chats, reduce the output width before copying. ### Does the converter work offline? After the page has loaded, conversion uses built-in browser features and does not require an upload. The resulting text can be copied or downloaded directly from your device. ## Related tools - [Grayscale Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/grayscale-converter/) - [Pixelate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pixelate-image/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Similarity Search - Find Local Photo Matches" description: "Find similar images in your own photo collection with local AI. Choose a reference, compare up to 30 pictures, and export ranked results without uploading files." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-image-search/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Image Similarity Search Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is image similarity search? Image similarity search ranks a collection of pictures by their resemblance to a reference image. This tool compares AI image embeddings on your device, then shows the closest matches first. Choose your own collection of up to 30 images; the search stays within those files and does not search the web. The CLIP ViT-B/32 image encoder creates a 512-number embedding for each image. Cosine similarity compares their directions and ranks the collection from highest to lowest. The score is not a probability, a copyright check or proof of an exact duplicate. Two different photos of the same subject can score highly. Previews are resized to at most 1,024 pixels on the longest side. For comparison, each original image is center-cropped to a square, composited onto white and resized to 224 by 224 pixels. Images, previews and results remain in this tab; Clear all releases the selection. Model and runtime downloads can remain in the browser cache. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a reference** - Choose a JPG, PNG or WebP reference image, or load the example collection. 2. **Add a collection** - Add the local images you want to search. Remove any image you do not need. 3. **Run the search** - Select Find similar images. The first run downloads the model; subsequent runs may reuse the browser cache. 4. **Review and export** - Compare the ranked thumbnails and cosine scores, then copy or download the filenames and scores as CSV. ## Who it's for - Find another product photo with a similar subject in a small asset collection. - Sort a shortlist of travel photos by resemblance to a reference scene. - Compare illustration or mood-board candidates without sending the files to a search service. ## Expert note Center cropping changes what the model sees: a subject near the edge of a wide panorama may disappear from its input. Crop around the subject before comparing when edge details matter. Inspect the thumbnails yourself, especially when every candidate is unrelated or when tiny text and fine details distinguish the pictures. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my images uploaded? No. Image decoding and comparison run in your browser. The first search requests the AI model from Hugging Face and the runtime from jsDelivr, which receive ordinary download requests. Your selected image files and their embeddings are not sent to those services or to CanDoYa. ### Is image-to-image search free? Yes. This local collection search is free and does not require an account. Your browser performs the computation, so speed depends on your device. The first search downloads about 64 MB of model weights plus the runtime; a cached model can make later searches quicker. ### How many images can I search? Choose one reference and up to 30 collection images. Each file must be JPG, PNG or WebP, at most 10 MB, 12 megapixels and 8,192 pixels per side. The combined file size limit is 100 MB. Smaller collections work better on phones and older devices. ### Does this find images on Google or across the internet? No. Results come only from the collection you select on your device. This is useful for finding similar pictures among files you already have. It cannot locate a picture's original website, identify its owner or discover copies elsewhere on the internet. ### What does the cosine similarity score mean? The score ranges from -1 to 1; higher means the image embeddings point in more similar directions. It helps order one collection, but there is no universal score that proves a match. Similar subjects can score highly despite different colors or layouts. All selected candidates are ranked, including unrelated ones. ### Can it find exact duplicates or identify a person? It does neither reliably. This model compares broad visual and semantic features, so it is not a byte-for-byte duplicate detector, facial identity system or text reader. Review the pictures yourself. For exact file identity, compare file hashes; for small visual differences, use a direct image comparison. ### What if my browser has no WebGPU? The tool uses WebAssembly on your CPU when WebGPU is absent. If graphics initialization or inference fails, it retries the entire search on the CPU so all scores use the same backend. The model runs in a worker, and Cancel stops that worker while keeping your selected images. ## Related tools - [Image Captioner](https://candoya.com/tools/image-captioner/) - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/) - [Depth Estimation](https://candoya.com/tools/depth-estimation/) - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image to PDF Converter - Free and Private" description: "Convert JPG, PNG, and WebP images to one PDF free. Reorder pages, choose A4 or Letter, set margins, and download without uploading your files." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image to PDF Converter Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I convert an image to PDF? Use this image to PDF converter to turn one or more JPG, PNG, or WebP files into a single PDF. Arrange the images, choose the page size, orientation, and margin, then download the result. Conversion runs in your browser, so your photos and scans are not uploaded. Each selected image becomes one PDF page. You can combine phone photos, screenshots, and scanned pages in a deliberate order instead of creating separate documents. **A4 and US Letter produce consistent printable pages**, while Match each image keeps each source aspect ratio and derives the PDF page from its pixel dimensions. JPG and WebP inputs are normalized as high-quality JPEG data, while PNG inputs keep transparency when the browser can decode them. The converter scales every image proportionally and never crops it. Processing and the finished download stay on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Add your images** - Drop JPG, PNG, or WebP files onto the converter, or click the drop area to choose them. You can add up to 40 images. 2. **Arrange the pages** - Drag image cards or use their arrow buttons to set the PDF page order. Remove any image you do not need. 3. **Choose the layout** - Pick A4, US Letter, or an image-matched page. Set automatic, portrait, or landscape orientation and choose a margin. 4. **Create and download** - Click Create PDF. When the local conversion finishes, download the combined document to your device. ## Who it's for - **Students** combining photographed notes or assignment pages into one ordered submission. - **Operations teams** bundling receipts, delivery photos, or signed forms into a shareable record. - **Designers and photographers** turning selected proofs or presentation boards into a predictable PDF sequence. - **Anyone scanning with a phone** arranging several page images before sending or archiving them. ## Expert note PDF uses points rather than pixels. Match each image interprets 96 pixels as one inch, then caps extremely large page dimensions for PDF compatibility. A4 or US Letter is the safer choice when the document will be printed on standard paper. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my images uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the images and creates the PDF locally. CanDoYa does not receive the source files or the finished document. The page loads its PDF code as a static asset, but conversion does not send your images to a processing service. ### Is the image to PDF converter free? Yes. You can convert and download a PDF without payment, an account, or a watermark. The fixed safety limits are 40 images, 25 MB per source image, 100 MB combined, 40 megapixels per image, and 120 megapixels for the whole batch. ### Which image formats can I convert to PDF? The converter accepts JPG and JPEG photos, PNG graphics, and static WebP images that your browser can decode. Animated WebP files are treated as a single decoded frame. HEIC, TIFF, SVG, GIF, and camera RAW files are not accepted in this version. ### Can I combine multiple images into one PDF? Yes. Add several images and arrange them in the order you want. Each image becomes one PDF page, and the download contains the entire sequence. Use the arrow controls or drag the image cards before creating the document. ### Does converting JPG to PDF improve image quality? No. A PDF places the decoded image onto a page; it cannot restore detail that is missing from the source. The converter keeps the aspect ratio and avoids cropping. JPG and WebP inputs are normalized at high JPEG quality, so repeated lossy conversions should still be avoided. ### Should I choose A4, US Letter, or Match each image? Choose A4 for common international printing and US Letter for typical North American printing. Match each image creates a page with the source aspect ratio, based on 96 pixels per inch. It is useful for screen viewing, but standard paper sizes are easier to print predictably. ### Will transparent PNG areas stay transparent? PNG images are embedded as PNG data, so transparent pixels can remain transparent in the PDF. A PDF viewer may display those areas over white. JPG and WebP inputs are flattened onto white because JPEG does not support transparency. ### Why is there a limit on image size? Image decoding can use far more memory than the compressed file size. A 40 megapixel image needs roughly 160 MB just for one RGBA pixel buffer, before the browser holds previews and PDF data. The limits reduce tab crashes, especially on phones and memory-constrained laptops. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) - [PDF Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image to WebP Converter - Free and Private" description: "Convert images to WebP online with adjustable quality, side-by-side previews, exact size savings, and private browser processing. No upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image to WebP Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does an image to WebP converter do? An image to WebP converter re-encodes a PNG, JPG, or existing WebP image in the WebP format. This tool keeps the displayed pixel dimensions, lets you choose the lossy quality, and shows the exact output size beside the original. Conversion happens on your device, so the file is never uploaded. This converter uses the WebP encoder built into your browser's Canvas API. It decodes one image, draws the displayed pixels to a local canvas, and creates a fresh WebP file without resizing or cropping. Transparency from a PNG or WebP is preserved, while source metadata such as EXIF camera details and GPS coordinates is not copied into the new file. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop in a PNG, JPG, or WebP file up to 50 MB, select one from your device, or load the built-in example. 2. **Set WebP quality** - Use the slider or a quality preset. Start at 82% for a practical balance, then adjust for your image and file-size target. 3. **Convert and compare** - Create the WebP, inspect both previews, and check the exact original size, output size, percentage change, and dimensions. 4. **Download the WebP** - Save the converted file when the preview and file size meet your needs, or change the quality and convert again. ## Who it's for - **Website owners** can prepare lighter hero images, product photos, and blog graphics before adding them to a content system. - **Developers** can convert PNG and JPG assets to WebP for performance budgets, responsive image sets, and test fixtures. - **Designers** can compare the original and converted previews before handing a web-ready file to a client or teammate. - **Privacy-conscious users** can convert personal photos or unreleased artwork without sending the source file to a conversion server. ## Expert note High-contrast screenshots and text-heavy graphics often need a higher WebP quality than photographs. If a WebP result is larger than an already optimized JPEG, keep the original or lower the quality instead of assuming a format change always saves bytes. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded during conversion? No. Your browser decodes the source image and creates the WebP locally with the Canvas API. The original file and converted output are not sent to a processing server. This keeps personal photos, client assets, and unreleased designs on your device. ### Is this image to WebP converter free? Yes. You can convert and preview an image, copy the rendered result, and download the WebP without a subscription, watermark, credit balance, or sign-up. The practical limits come from your browser's memory and this tool's safety limits of 50 MB, 50 megapixels, and 16,384 pixels per side. ### How many images can I convert? You can convert one image at a time and repeat the process as often as needed. There is no daily quota. The one-file workflow keeps browser memory use predictable and makes it easy to inspect each WebP before downloading it. ### Which image formats can I convert to WebP? The converter accepts PNG, JPG or JPEG, and WebP images. It does not accept HEIC, TIFF, SVG, animated GIF, camera RAW, or PDF files. An existing WebP can be re-encoded at a different quality, though that adds another lossy compression step. ### What WebP quality should I choose? Start around 82% for general web images, then judge the preview at the size where it will appear. Photographs may tolerate a lower setting. Screenshots, logos, and images with small text often need a higher setting to keep sharp edges clean. ### Will converting to WebP always make the file smaller? No. The result depends on the source format, image content, dimensions, original encoder, and chosen quality. A large PNG often shrinks substantially, while an efficient JPEG or WebP may not. The tool reports a size increase honestly so you can keep the better file. ### Does WebP preserve transparency and metadata? Transparent pixels from PNG and WebP inputs stay transparent in the converted image. Canvas re-encoding does not copy source metadata such as EXIF camera settings, GPS coordinates, capture dates, or embedded profiles into the new WebP file. ## Related tools - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [JPG to PNG](https://candoya.com/tools/jpg-to-png/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "AI Image Upscaler - Private 2x Super Resolution" description: "Upscale an image 2x with real on-device Swin2SR AI. Compare detail and export PNG or JPEG without uploading your photo or creating an account." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image-upscaler/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free AI Image Upscaler Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does an AI image upscaler do? An AI image upscaler increases image resolution while predicting detail between the original pixels. This tool runs the Swin2SR super-resolution model on your device, produces an image exactly twice the width and height, and exports PNG or JPEG. Your source and result are never uploaded to CanDoYa. **This is learned super-resolution, not ordinary canvas interpolation.** The Apache-2.0 Swin2SR model uses a Swin Transformer V2 architecture trained for 2x image super-resolution. It reconstructs edges and textures from local image patterns. That can look sharper than stretching pixels, but it cannot recover factual detail that was never present. The AI runs in a dedicated browser worker through Transformers.js 4.2.0. It prefers roughly 31 MB of FP16 ONNX weights on WebGPU and falls back to roughly 21 MB of q8 weights with WebAssembly on the CPU. Runtime files download separately and browsers may cache them. The tool caps each source side at 512 pixels, source area at 262,144 pixels, output area at 1,048,576 pixels, and estimated source/output tensor buffers at 20 MB. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a small source image** - Drop in one JPEG, PNG, or WebP. Each side must be between 16 and 512 pixels, and the total source area cannot exceed 262,144 pixels. 2. **Run 2x super-resolution** - Click Upscale image 2x. The worker downloads Swin2SR on the first run, then uses WebGPU when available or the WebAssembly CPU fallback. 3. **Compare and export** - Drag the before-and-after control across the result. Choose lossless PNG or a smaller 92-quality JPEG, then download the exactly 2x image. ## Who it's for - **Small web graphics** that need more pixels before a presentation, mockup, or high-density display. - **Old digital photos** where a conservative 2x reconstruction can improve edges before further editing. - **Product and marketplace drafts** that need a larger preview without sending unreleased images to an API. - **AI art and illustrations** with patterns that benefit from learned detail instead of plain interpolation. ## Expert note Swin2SR pads source dimensions to 8-pixel attention windows before inference. This implementation removes only that model padding and validates the final buffer, so a 317 x 241 source exports at exactly 634 x 482 rather than leaking padded rows or columns. Fine text and faces still deserve close inspection because super-resolution predicts plausible pixels, not ground truth. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. Your selected image is decoded, passed to a worker, upscaled, compared, and encoded inside your browser. The worker fetches the public Transformers.js runtime and Swin2SR model from external hosts, but your image is not sent with those requests. CanDoYa does not receive or store it. ### Is this AI image upscaler free? Yes. It has no account, credits, watermark, or download fee. Your own device performs the inference. The first use downloads model and runtime files, so it still needs an internet connection and can use several dozen megabytes of data. ### What image limits apply? The tool accepts one JPEG, PNG, or WebP up to 12 MB. Width and height must each be 16 to 512 pixels, source area is capped at 262,144 pixels, and output area at 1,048,576 pixels. These strict limits reduce crashes and long stalls on memory-constrained browsers. ### Does this really use AI or just resize the canvas? It uses the 12.1-million-parameter Swin2SR image-to-image model through Transformers.js. The browser canvas only previews and encodes the neural network's RGB output. It never substitutes browser scaling for model inference, so a failed model produces an error rather than a silently interpolated result. ### Does the image upscaler work without WebGPU? Yes, if the browser supports WebAssembly and module workers. The worker first checks for a usable WebGPU adapter and loads FP16 weights when one is available. If loading or inference fails, it retries with a q8 model on the WebAssembly CPU backend, which is compatible but slower. ### Why is the image limited to 2x? The selected Swin2SR checkpoint is trained specifically for classical 2x super-resolution. Repeating it to claim 4x would compound invented detail and artifacts, while ordinary 4x interpolation would not be genuine AI upscaling. A fixed 2x mode keeps the model behavior and output dimensions honest. ### Will AI upscaling restore missing details perfectly? No. Super-resolution predicts pixels that fit patterns learned by the model; it cannot know an unreadable word, exact face, or texture that is absent from the source. It often improves edges and perceived sharpness, but it can also invent details or emphasize compression artifacts. Always inspect important results. ### Should I download PNG or JPEG? Choose PNG for text, line art, screenshots, or another lossless editing step. Choose JPEG for photos when a smaller file matters; this tool uses a high 0.92 quality setting. JPEG introduces lossy compression, so PNG is safer when you plan to edit or encode the image again. ## Related tools - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image Tools to Resize, Crop and Convert Photos" description: "Resize, crop, compress and convert images locally. Find tools for photo dimensions, PNG and JPEG conversion, metadata, color picking and OCR." url: https://candoya.com/tools/image/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Image tools for everyday edits Use these image tools to prepare a photo for a form, trim a screenshot or convert a graphic into a format another app accepts. Image Resizer changes pixel dimensions, Image Cropper changes the visible area, and Image Compressor reduces file size using the available output settings. Those are separate jobs: a 4000-pixel photograph can remain large even after its quality setting is reduced. Your selected files are processed in the browser. Pick an output format with the image in mind. JPEG is suited to photographs but cannot preserve transparency. PNG can keep a transparent background and sharp graphic edges, often with a larger file. WebP can be useful for web images when the receiving app supports it. Converting formats does not recreate detail already lost to compression, and enlarging an image does not guarantee a sharper result. Check dimensions, appearance and the downloaded file before replacing an original. Browser support, available memory and the number of decoded pixels affect what can be processed, especially on a phone. Metadata and animation may not survive a canvas-based export. Tools such as metadata inspection, image comparison and OCR answer more specific questions; the individual page explains its supported inputs and limitations. ## Images tools - [Add Text to Image](https://candoya.com/tools/add-text-to-image/): Add text to an image online with custom fonts, color, outline, rotation and drag placement. Export at full resolution without uploading your photo. - [Add Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark/): Add a text or logo watermark to an image online. Preview position, opacity, size, rotation and tiling, then download privately in your browser. - [App Icon Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/app-icon-generator/): Generate iOS, Android and Web app icon sizes from one image. Download organized PNG packs with Xcode and PWA metadata, privately in your browser. - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/): Remove a photo background with private on-device AI. Export a full-size transparent PNG with no image upload, account, or usage credits. - [Circle Crop](https://candoya.com/tools/circle-crop/): Circle crop an image into a round profile photo with a draggable frame and transparent PNG download. Private, free, and no upload required. - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/): Find the dominant color in any image and copy its HEX, RGB, or HSL value. Fast local analysis for photos, logos, and screenshots. - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/): View EXIF metadata, camera settings, dates, and GPS coordinates in photos. Inspect every tag locally without uploading your image. - [Face Blur Anonymizer](https://candoya.com/tools/face-blur-anonymizer/): Blur faces online with private on-device detection. Review each face, choose blur, pixelation, or blackout, then download a protected PNG. - [Flip Image](https://candoya.com/tools/flip-image/): Flip images horizontally, vertically, or both axes. Mirror PNG, JPG, or WebP files instantly in your browser with no upload required. - [Grayscale Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/grayscale-converter/): Convert images to grayscale online with adjustable strength and multiple luminance methods. Choose PNG, JPEG, or WebP output - all processing happens in your browser. - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/): Extract a color palette from any image and copy HEX, RGB, HSL, or CSS values. Fast local analysis for photos, logos, and screenshots. - [Image Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/): Pick an exact color from any image and copy HEX, RGB, HSL, alpha, and pixel coordinates. Private Canvas sampling with zoom and a pixel loupe. - [Image Color Replacer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-replacer/): Replace a color in an image with adjustable tolerance. Sample a pixel, preview the change, and save a transparent PNG. Free and processed in your browser. - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/): Compress images online with private browser processing, quality controls, visual previews, and clear file-size savings. No upload or sign-up. - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/): Crop images online with a draggable frame, ratio presets, exact pixels, and private PNG, JPG, or WebP download. No upload or watermark. - [Image Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-diff-compare/): Compare two images online with overlay, split view, and pixel difference highlighting. Adjust tolerance and export the result privately in your browser. - [Image Dimensions Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-dimensions-checker/): Check image dimensions, pixel size, aspect ratio, megapixels and file size instantly. Your image stays private in your browser. - [Image Histogram](https://candoya.com/tools/image-histogram/): View an image histogram online with RGB and luminance channels, clipping stats, and CSV or PNG export. Your photo stays in your browser. - [Image to ASCII Art](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-ascii-art/): Convert an image to ASCII art online with adjustable width, contrast, brightness and character sets. Copy or download private text art instantly. - [Image to WebP](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/): Convert images to WebP online with adjustable quality, side-by-side previews, exact size savings, and private browser processing. No upload. - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/): Resize images online to exact pixel dimensions with aspect lock, presets, preview, and private PNG, JPG, or WebP download. - [Image Upscaler](https://candoya.com/tools/image-upscaler/): Upscale an image 2x with real on-device Swin2SR AI. Compare detail and export PNG or JPEG without uploading your photo or creating an account. - [JPG to PNG](https://candoya.com/tools/jpg-to-png/): Convert JPG to PNG online with original dimensions, side-by-side preview, exact file sizes, and private browser processing. No upload or sign-up. - [Image to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/): Convert an image to editable text with private multilingual browser OCR. Copy or export the result with no image upload, account, or watermark. - [Passport Photo Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/passport-photo-maker/): Make a passport-size photo with common presets, manual framing, and exact pixel output. Private browser processing with no upload or watermark. - [Pixelate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pixelate-image/): Pixelate an image online with adjustable block size, live comparison, and full-resolution PNG, JPG, or WebP export in your browser. - [Signature Pad](https://candoya.com/tools/signature-pad/): Use this signature pad online to draw with a mouse, finger, or stylus, then copy or download a cropped transparent PNG. Nothing is uploaded. - [Steganography Text Hider](https://candoya.com/tools/steganography-hide-text/): Hide text in an image with private, browser-based steganography. Embed UTF-8 messages in pixels and download a lossless PNG with no upload. - [PNG to ICO](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-ico/): Convert PNG to ICO online with multiple icon sizes in one file. Preserve transparency, preview every frame, and download privately in your browser. - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/): Convert PNG to JPG online with adjustable JPEG quality, a custom transparency background, private browser processing, and instant download. - [QR Code Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-decoder/): Decode a QR code from an image or screenshot online. Read links, text, Wi-Fi details, and more locally in your browser with no upload or sign-up. - [Rotate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-image/): Rotate images online by 90, 180, 270, or any custom angle. Preview and download PNG, JPG, or WebP files privately in your browser. - [WebP to PNG](https://candoya.com/tools/webp-to-png/): Convert WebP to PNG online with transparency, original dimensions, side-by-side previews, and private browser processing. No upload or sign-up. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Integral Calculator - Definite Integrals" description: "Free integral calculator: enter a function and lower and upper limits to evaluate the definite integral instantly. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Integral Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is an integral calculator? An integral calculator evaluates the definite integral of a function over an interval - the signed area under its curve between a lower and an upper limit. Type a function of x, set the two limits, and this free tool returns the value of ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx instantly, computed numerically in your browser with no sign-up. Everything runs locally: your function is parsed on the page, integrated with an adaptive numerical method, and nothing is uploaded or stored. Limits can be numbers or expressions like `pi`, `2*pi` or `1/2`, and the result updates as you type. This is a definite-integral calculator - it returns the numeric area for a chosen interval rather than a symbolic antiderivative. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the function** - Type f(x) using x as the variable - for example x^2 + sin(x). Use ^ for powers and functions like sin, cos, exp, ln and sqrt. 2. **Set the limits** - Enter the lower limit a and the upper limit b. Each can be a number or an expression such as pi, 2*pi or 1/2. 3. **Read the value** - The definite integral ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx appears immediately. Use Copy result to grab it, or an example chip to try a common integral. ## Who it's for - **Calculus students** checking a definite integral from a homework problem or textbook without opening Wolfram Alpha or a graphing calculator. - **Engineers and physicists** evaluating the area under a curve - work, displacement, or a probability - straight from a formula. - **Data and finance analysts** integrating a modelled function over a range to get a total or an expected value. - **Teachers** demonstrating how the value of a definite integral changes as the limits move, with numbers a class can edit live. - **Anyone** who wants the numeric answer to ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx fast, including improper cases like ∫₀¹ 1/√x dx that still converge. ## Expert note This tool computes definite integrals numerically with adaptive Simpson's rule, not symbolically - so it returns a highly accurate number, not a formula for the antiderivative. That matters in two ways. First, results carry a tiny rounding error (usually far below what you would round to anyway), and a function with a spike or singularity inside the interval is flagged as approximate rather than reported falsely as exact. Second, a genuinely divergent integral, such as ∫₋₁¹ 1/x dx, is reported as non-convergent instead of returning a misleading finite value - while an improper but convergent integral like ∫₀¹ ln(x) dx = -1 is still evaluated correctly. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the integral calculator free? Yes - it is 100% free, with no sign-up and no limit on how many integrals you evaluate. The whole calculation runs in your browser and nothing you type is uploaded. ### Does it compute definite or indefinite integrals? It computes definite integrals: you give a lower and an upper limit and it returns the numeric value of the area under the curve between them. It does not return an indefinite integral (a symbolic antiderivative with + C). ### How does the calculator evaluate the integral? It parses your function into a fast evaluator and integrates it with adaptive Simpson's rule, a numerical method that subdivides the interval wherever the curve bends sharply until the result stops changing. This gives an answer accurate to about 8-10 significant figures for well-behaved functions. ### What functions and constants can I use? You can use +, -, *, / and ^, parentheses, the constants pi and e, and functions including sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, exp, ln, log (base 10), sqrt, cbrt and abs. Implicit multiplication like 2x or 2sin(x) works too. ### Can the limits be pi or fractions? Yes. Each limit can be a number or an expression such as pi, 2*pi, pi/4 or 1/2. If the lower limit is larger than the upper limit, the sign of the result flips, exactly as the definition of the integral requires. ### Can it handle improper integrals? It handles many improper integrals that converge, such as ∫₀¹ 1/√x dx = 2, by carefully sampling near the singularity, and marks the result as approximate. If the integral diverges - for example ∫₋₁¹ 1/x dx - it tells you the integral does not converge instead of printing a wrong number. Infinite limits are not supported. ### How accurate is the result? For smooth functions the value is typically accurate to 8-10 significant figures, well beyond everyday needs. Near a singularity the tool falls back to a best-effort estimate and labels it approximate, so you always know when to treat the last digits with caution. ### Why does my result look slightly off from the exact answer? Because it is a numerical method, the answer can differ from an exact symbolic value in the final digit or two - for instance returning 0.6666666667 for 2/3. Round to the precision you need and the values agree. ## Related tools - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Invoice Generator - Free Printable Invoice Maker" description: "Free invoice generator for creating printable invoices with line items, tax, discounts, payments and HTML download. Private, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Invoice Generator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does an invoice generator do? An invoice generator turns seller details, client details, line items, tax, discounts and payments into a clean invoice total. Add your work, check the amount due, then copy the summary, print the invoice or download an HTML file. Use this invoice generator for quick client billing, freelance work, small business jobs, quotes that became invoices or internal payment records. It runs in your browser, so names, prices and client details are not uploaded. The downloaded file is editable HTML that you can keep, print to PDF from your browser or attach to your own workflow. ## How to use it 1. **Add invoice details** - Enter an invoice number, issue date, due date and currency. 2. **Fill in both parties** - Add your seller information and the client information that should appear on the invoice. 3. **Enter line items** - Add descriptions, quantities, unit prices and whether each line is taxable. 4. **Apply adjustments** - Set tax, discount and any amount already paid to see the final amount due. 5. **Export the invoice** - Copy the summary, print the invoice or download the HTML file for your records. ## Who it's for - **Freelancers** creating a simple invoice after a project is approved. - **Small businesses** checking line items, discounts and sales tax before sending a bill. - **Consultants** turning hourly work and fixed fees into one printable invoice. - **Agencies** sharing a draft invoice for review before accounting software entry. - **Bookkeepers** recreating an invoice total when only notes and item prices are available. ## Expert note The tax base is reduced by the same discount share as the whole invoice, so taxable and non-taxable lines stay proportional after a percent or fixed discount. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this invoice generator free? Yes. The invoice generator is free to use, works without an account and runs entirely in your browser. ### Can I download the invoice as a PDF? The tool downloads a clean HTML invoice. Open that file in your browser and use the browser print dialog to save it as PDF if you need a PDF copy. ### Does the invoice generator store my client details? No. The invoice data stays in your browser session and is not uploaded to a server. ### How is tax calculated? Tax applies only to lines marked taxable. If you add a discount, the taxable subtotal is reduced proportionally before the tax rate is applied. ### Can I use a fixed discount instead of a percentage? Yes. Choose fixed discount, enter the amount, and the calculator caps the discount at the subtotal so the invoice cannot go below zero before tax. ### Can I track a partial payment? Yes. Enter the amount already paid and the invoice generator will show the remaining amount due or any overpayment credit. ### Is this a replacement for accounting software? No. It is a fast invoice maker and calculator. Check local tax rules, legal requirements and your accounting records before sending official invoices. ## Related tools - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Discount Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "IPv4 Subnet Calculator - CIDR and Host Range" description: "IPv4 subnet calculator for network, broadcast, masks, usable host range, and capacity. Enter any IP with CIDR or subnet mask; results stay private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # IPv4 Subnet Calculator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an IPv4 subnet calculator? An IPv4 subnet calculator turns an IP address and CIDR prefix into the network address, broadcast address, subnet and wildcard masks, usable host range, and address capacity. Enter a host such as 192.168.1.10 with /24, and the calculator finds the boundaries of its subnet instantly in your browser. IPv4 addresses contain 32 bits. A CIDR prefix says how many leading bits belong to the network, while the remaining bits identify addresses inside that block. This calculator accepts a prefix such as **/26** or its contiguous mask **255.255.255.192**. It uses unsigned 32-bit arithmetic locally, so no address or network plan is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter an IPv4 address** - Type a host address such as 10.20.30.40. You can also paste CIDR notation such as 10.20.30.40/20. 2. **Choose the subnet size** - Enter a prefix from 0 to 32, paste a dotted subnet mask, or choose a common prefix button. 3. **Read the network boundaries** - Check the network, first and last usable host, broadcast, masks, scope, and address counts. 4. **Copy the report** - Use Copy all results to place the complete subnet summary on your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **Network engineers** checking VLAN boundaries before assigning gateways and DHCP pools. - **System administrators** confirming network and broadcast addresses in interface or firewall configuration. - **Students and certification candidates** checking manual CIDR and subnetting exercises. - **Developers** validating private network ranges used by containers, virtual machines, and test environments. ## Expert note For ordinary prefixes through /30, usable hosts equal 2^(32-prefix) minus the network and broadcast addresses. This calculator treats /31 as two point-to-point endpoints under RFC 3021 and /32 as one host route instead of incorrectly reporting zero hosts. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my IP address or network plan uploaded? No. The IPv4 parsing, bit masks, range boundaries, and host counts are calculated in your browser. The values you enter are not sent to a subnetting API or saved by this tool, which makes it suitable for checking internal address plans. ### Is this IPv4 subnet calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use without an account, payment, download, or calculation limit. It uses built-in browser arithmetic rather than a paid service, so you can calculate as many IPv4 subnets as you need. ### What is the largest subnet this calculator supports? It supports every IPv4 prefix from /0 through /32. A /0 contains all 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses, while a /32 contains one address. JavaScript represents every count in that range exactly, so no rounding is needed. ### How many usable hosts are in a /24 subnet? A /24 subnet contains 256 total addresses because eight bits remain for addresses. Under the usual broadcast-network convention, one address identifies the network and one is the broadcast address, leaving 254 usable host addresses. ### How do I convert a subnet mask to CIDR? Count the consecutive 1 bits in the subnet mask. For example, 255.255.255.0 contains 24 leading 1 bits, so it is /24. You can paste a contiguous dotted mask into this calculator and it will resolve the prefix automatically. ### Why does a /31 subnet show two usable hosts? RFC 3021 allows both addresses in a /31 block to be endpoints on a point-to-point link. There is no need to reserve separate network and broadcast addresses on that link, so both addresses are usable. ### What is a wildcard mask? A wildcard mask is the bitwise inverse of the subnet mask. A /24 mask of 255.255.255.0 therefore has a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255. Wildcard masks commonly appear in access-control and routing configuration. ## Related tools - [CIDR Range Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/cidr-range-calculator/) - [Number Base Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/) - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Cron Expression Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/) - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "ISBN Validator - Free Online ISBN Check" description: "Free online ISBN validator for ISBN-10 and ISBN-13. Check digits, normalize hyphens, handle X and see clear invalid reasons." url: https://candoya.com/tools/isbn-validator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free ISBN Validator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an ISBN validator do? An ISBN validator checks whether a book identifier is structurally valid. Paste an ISBN-10 or ISBN-13 and this tool removes spaces and hyphens, verifies the correct check digit, flags unsupported prefixes, and shows the normalized value. It runs locally in your browser. The validator uses the official ISBN check-digit rules: **ISBN-10 uses modulo 11 with X as 10**, while ISBN-13 uses the EAN-13 alternating 1 and 3 weight pattern. It also checks that ISBN-13 values start with the Bookland prefix 978 or 979. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the ISBN** - Enter an ISBN-10 or ISBN-13 with or without hyphens and spaces. 2. **Read the status** - The result updates live and explains whether the identifier is valid or why it fails. 3. **Check the digit** - Compare the expected check digit with the digit found in the input when a typo is detected. 4. **Copy the normalized value** - Copy the compact ISBN, or use the equivalent ISBN-10 or ISBN-13 conversion when one exists. ## Who it's for - **Editors and publishers** checking book metadata before sending it to stores, printers or catalog systems. - **Developers** validating ISBN fields in imports, forms, CSV cleanup jobs or test fixtures. - **Librarians and booksellers** confirming whether a typed identifier is an ISBN-10, ISBN-13 or a likely typo. - **Students and researchers** normalizing citation data without uploading a bibliography. ## Expert note A valid check digit proves the number is well formed, not that a specific title exists or that the publisher block is currently assigned. Treat validation as an error check for typed identifiers, then confirm bibliographic metadata against your catalog source. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the ISBN validator free? Yes. The ISBN validator is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. Paste an ISBN, read the validation details and copy the normalized number when you need it. ### Is my ISBN uploaded anywhere? No. The check runs in your browser using client-side JavaScript. That keeps book lists, inventory exports, manuscripts and citation drafts on your device while you validate the identifier format. ### Does it support ISBN-10 and ISBN-13? Yes. It validates ISBN-10 numbers with a digit or X check digit and ISBN-13 numbers with a 978 or 979 prefix. For valid 978 ISBN-13 values, it also shows the equivalent ISBN-10. ### Why can ISBN-10 end with X? ISBN-10 uses a modulo-11 check digit, so the calculated value can be 10. The standard writes that value as X, and it is only valid as the final character, never in the middle of the ISBN. ### Why does an ISBN-13 need to start with 978 or 979? ISBN-13 is part of the EAN barcode system for books. The 978 and 979 Bookland prefixes identify book numbers; a 13-digit code with another prefix may be a valid EAN, but it is not an ISBN. ### Can this prove a book really exists? No. It verifies the structure and check digit only. A valid ISBN can still be unassigned, reused incorrectly or attached to metadata that needs checking in a publisher, library or bookseller database. ## Related tools - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [YAML Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-validator/) - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/) - [Query String Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "ISO Date Converter - Parse and Normalize Dates" description: "Convert and validate ISO 8601 dates in your browser. Normalize offsets to UTC, inspect date parts, and copy local, UTC, or Unix values instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/iso-date-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # ISO Date Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What does an ISO date converter do? An ISO date converter validates an ISO 8601 date or timestamp, then shows the same instant in normalized UTC, readable UTC, local time, and Unix formats. It also identifies the date, time, and zone parts, helping you check API payloads and logs without sending data to a server. Paste a calendar date such as `2026-08-28`, a UTC value ending in `Z`, or a timestamp with an offset such as `+02:00`. The conversion runs locally with your browser's built-in date and internationalization APIs, so **nothing you enter is uploaded**. ## How to use it 1. **Paste an ISO date** - Enter an extended ISO 8601 calendar date or date-time. You can also load the worked offset example or use the current UTC time. 2. **Resolve an omitted zone** - If the date-time has no Z or numeric offset, choose whether its wall-clock value should be treated as your local time or as UTC. 3. **Inspect and copy** - Review the normalized UTC value, readable dates, Unix values, and parsed input parts, then copy one result or the full set. ## Who it's for - **API developers** checking whether request and response timestamps describe the expected instant. - **Support and operations teams** translating UTC log entries into the time shown on their own device. - **Data analysts** normalizing offset timestamps before comparing exports from different systems. - **QA engineers** testing leap days, midnight boundaries, fractional seconds, and non-zero offsets. ## Expert note A numeric offset belongs to the input instant, not the output format. For example, 2026-08-28T14:30:00+02:00 normalizes to 2026-08-28T12:30:00.000Z because the original wall clock is two hours ahead of UTC. A date-time with no Z or offset is ambiguous, so this tool makes that assumption explicit. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this ISO date converter free and private? Yes. It is free, requires no account, and has no usage limit. Parsing and formatting happen in your browser, so the ISO values you enter are not uploaded or stored by this tool. ### What ISO 8601 formats can I convert? The converter accepts extended calendar dates like 2026-08-28 and date-times such as 2026-08-28T14:30:00Z or 2026-08-28T14:30:00+02:00. Seconds and fractional seconds are optional. It rejects ambiguous regional dates such as 08/28/2026. ### What does Z mean in an ISO date? A trailing Z means the timestamp is in UTC, also called Zulu time. It represents a zero offset from UTC. A value ending in +02:00 represents a wall clock two hours ahead of UTC, while -05:00 is five hours behind. ### What happens when an ISO date has no time zone? A date-time without Z or a numeric offset does not identify one universal instant. Use the selector to interpret it as your device's local time or UTC. Date-only input is treated as midnight UTC so its calendar date stays stable across devices. ### Does converting an offset change the instant? No. Normalizing an offset timestamp changes its displayed clock time while preserving the instant. For example, 14:30 at +02:00 and 12:30Z are the same moment. The Unix milliseconds value is identical for both forms. ### Are fractional seconds supported? Yes. You can enter one to nine fractional digits. JavaScript dates store millisecond precision, so the converter keeps the first three digits and drops finer microsecond or nanosecond precision when it creates the normalized value. ### Can I convert Unix timestamps here? This page shows Unix seconds and milliseconds for a valid ISO input. To start from a bare epoch number and auto-detect whether it uses seconds or milliseconds, use the related Unix Timestamp Converter instead. ## Related tools - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) - [Time Zone Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Time Duration Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-duration-calculator/) - [Meeting Time Planner](https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JPG to PNG Converter - Free and Private" description: "Convert JPG to PNG online with original dimensions, side-by-side preview, exact file sizes, and private browser processing. No upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/jpg-to-png/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JPG to PNG Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How does a JPG to PNG converter work? A JPG to PNG converter decodes a JPEG image and saves those pixels in the lossless PNG format. This browser tool keeps the image's displayed width, height, and orientation, then shows the output beside the original. The conversion happens on your device, so the file is never uploaded. This converter uses the PNG encoder built into your browser's Canvas API. It creates one full-color PNG from one JPG or JPEG without resizing or cropping it. The comparison shows both file sizes because PNG often needs more storage for photographs, even though it avoids adding new lossy compression when you save the converted file again. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a JPG** - Drop a .jpg or .jpeg file into the converter, select it from your device, or load the built-in example. 2. **Convert the image** - Select Convert to PNG. The browser decodes the JPG and writes a lossless PNG with the same displayed dimensions. 3. **Check the result** - Compare the original and converted previews, file sizes, and pixel dimensions before saving anything. 4. **Download or copy** - Download the PNG with a clear filename, or copy the PNG image directly into a compatible app. ## Who it's for - **Designers and editors** can move a JPEG into a PNG-only workflow before adding transparency, layers, labels, or repeated edits. - **Developers** can prepare JPG assets for software, upload forms, test fixtures, and pipelines that specifically require PNG files. - **Teachers and office teams** can convert screenshots, scans, and document images without installing another app. - **Privacy-conscious users** can change the image format without sending personal photos or client artwork to a conversion server. ## Expert note Converting a JPEG to PNG does not reconstruct detail already discarded by JPEG compression. It preserves the decoded pixels from that point forward, so the result may be larger while the visible compression blocks or ringing remain. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my JPG uploaded during conversion? No. Your browser reads the JPG, draws it to a local Canvas, and creates the PNG on your device. The source and converted images are not sent to a processing server. You can use the converter without an account or file upload queue. ### Is this JPG to PNG converter free? Yes. You can convert, preview, copy, and download a PNG without a subscription, watermark, or sign-up. The tool accepts one image at a time and has safety limits of 50 MB, 50 megapixels, and 16,384 pixels on either side. ### How many JPG files can I convert? You can convert one JPG at a time and repeat the process as often as needed. There is no daily quota. The one-file workflow keeps memory use predictable and lets you inspect each PNG before downloading it. ### Does converting JPG to PNG improve image quality? No. PNG prevents another lossy encoding step, but it cannot recover pixels or detail already removed when the JPEG was created. Compression artifacts in the JPG remain visible in the PNG. The main benefit is lossless storage for later edits or PNG-only compatibility. ### Will the PNG be larger than the JPG? Often, especially for photographs. JPEG compresses gradual color changes efficiently by discarding some detail, while PNG stores the decoded pixels losslessly. Flat graphics may behave differently, so this converter reports the exact original and output sizes instead of promising a smaller file. ### Does the PNG get a transparent background? No. A normal JPEG has no transparency channel, so converting it to PNG does not automatically remove its background. The output PNG is opaque. Use a background removal tool if you need to isolate a subject and create transparent pixels. ### Will the PNG keep the same dimensions and orientation? Yes. The converter preserves the JPG's displayed pixel width, height, and browser-decoded orientation. It does not resize or crop the image. Metadata such as EXIF camera details and GPS information is not copied into the Canvas-generated PNG. ## Related tools - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JavaScript Beautifier - Format JS Online" description: "Free JavaScript beautifier to format messy or minified JS online. Tune indentation, braces and line wrapping without uploading your code." url: https://candoya.com/tools/js-beautifier/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JavaScript Beautifier Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a JavaScript beautifier do? A JavaScript beautifier turns compressed or inconsistently styled code into a readable layout with steady spacing, indentation and line breaks. This formatter handles modern JavaScript, comments, regular expressions and template literals, with controls for indentation, braces, blank lines and wrapping. Your source stays in your browser and is never executed. The page loads its **dedicated JavaScript formatting engine only when you click Beautify**. It recognizes strings, comments, template literals, regular expressions, nested expressions and modern operators, so punctuation inside those constructs stays intact. ## How to use it 1. **Paste JavaScript** - Add messy, minified or inconsistently styled JavaScript to the input editor. 2. **Choose formatting options** - Set indentation and optional line wrapping, choose a brace style, and decide whether to keep blank lines. 3. **Beautify the code** - Click Beautify JavaScript or press Control-Enter or Command-Enter to create a clean, readable version. 4. **Copy or download** - Review the formatted output, copy it to the clipboard or download it as beautified.js. ## Who it's for - **Developers** turning a compressed bundle or copied browser snippet into readable code for inspection. - **Code reviewers** normalizing a small example before discussing behavior, naming or control flow. - **Students** making nested functions, objects and conditions easier to trace while learning JavaScript. - **Support and QA teams** cleaning reproduction code before adding it to a ticket or bug report. ## Expert note A useful JavaScript beautifier must distinguish a regular expression from division and punctuation inside template literals from statement boundaries. A brace-and-semicolon splitter cannot do that safely, especially around automatic semicolon insertion. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my JavaScript uploaded or executed? No. The formatter processes text locally in your browser and does not run the code you paste. It does not send your source to a formatting API, making it useful for private snippets. As with any browser page, avoid pasting secrets that do not need to be shared. ### Is the JavaScript beautifier free? Yes. The tool is free to use without an account, installation or usage quota. You can format code, change the available style options, copy the result and download a JavaScript file directly from the page. ### How much JavaScript can I beautify? There is no fixed character limit. Large production bundles depend on your device memory and can take longer to parse, while ordinary files and snippets should finish quickly. For very large projects, use Prettier in your editor or build pipeline instead. ### Does this formatter support modern JavaScript and JSX? It handles modern JavaScript syntax such as modules, classes, optional chaining, async functions, template literals and regular expressions. It is intended for JavaScript rather than JSX or TypeScript, and it does not perform type-aware formatting. ### Can beautifying JavaScript change how it works? The beautifier changes layout rather than intentionally rewriting identifiers or expressions. Formatting is not a compiler, validator, linter or security audit, so you should still test important code in its normal runtime and review unfamiliar scripts before using them. ### Does a successful result mean the JavaScript is valid? No. This tool focuses on readable layout and can produce output from incomplete snippets. It does not prove that the code compiles or behaves correctly. Run formatted code through your project's parser, type checker, linter and tests when correctness matters. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [CSS Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [Regex Tester](https://candoya.com/tools/regex-tester/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON Flatten - Flatten Nested JSON Online" description: "Flatten nested JSON into dot-path keys instantly. Choose separators and array notation, then copy clean flat JSON. Free, private, and browser-based." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-flatten/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JSON Flatten Tool Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a JSON flatten tool do? A JSON flatten tool converts nested objects and arrays into one-level JSON whose keys contain each value's full path. For example, user.address.city becomes a single key instead of three nested objects. Flat paths are easier to compare, map to spreadsheet columns, store as settings, and inspect in logs. This converter walks every branch locally in your browser and writes one path for each leaf value. Pick dots, slashes or underscores between object keys, choose bracket or segment notation for array indexes, and format the result as readable or compact JSON. Empty nested objects and arrays stay in the output instead of disappearing. ## How to use it 1. **Paste nested JSON** - Enter a valid JSON object or array in the left editor, or load the example. 2. **Choose the path style** - Select a separator, array index notation and output indentation to match the system that will use the keys. 3. **Review the flat result** - The output updates live, while the status line reports how many leaf paths were found and the deepest level visited. 4. **Copy the output** - Copy the flattened JSON and paste it into your mapping, spreadsheet, configuration or debugging workflow. ## Who it's for - **API developers** turning nested responses into searchable path and value maps for debugging. - **Data analysts** preparing hierarchical fields for spreadsheets, CSV headers or column mappings. - **DevOps teams** comparing configuration values without scanning several levels of braces. - **Form and app developers** creating stable field paths such as user.contact.email or items[0].sku. ## Expert note A separator can already exist inside an original key: both a literal key named a.b and the nested path a then b flatten to a.b. This tool detects that collision instead of overwriting a value. Switch to slash or underscore, or rename the ambiguous key, before using the flat map as a reversible identifier. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this JSON flatten tool free? Yes. You can flatten JSON for free without an account, download or usage limit. The conversion uses your browser's built-in JSON parser and plain JavaScript. ### Is my JSON uploaded anywhere? No. Parsing and flattening happen locally in your browser. The JSON you paste is not sent to a conversion server, which makes the tool suitable for internal payloads and configuration data. ### How large can the JSON input be? There is no fixed service limit because nothing is uploaded. The practical limit depends on your browser's available memory. Very large documents can make any browser editor slow, so process huge data files with a streaming command-line tool instead. ### How are JSON arrays flattened? Each array item receives its numeric index. Bracket style produces paths such as roles[0], while segment style uses roles.0 with a dot separator. You can switch styles without changing any values. ### Does flattening JSON change value types? No. Strings remain strings, numbers remain numbers, and booleans and null keep their original JSON types. The tool changes only the object shape and path keys. Empty nested objects and arrays are preserved as values. ### What happens when a key contains the separator? A key containing the chosen separator can produce the same path as a nested key. When that creates a collision, the tool shows an error instead of silently replacing data. Pick another separator or rename the conflicting key. ### Can I flatten JSON offline? Yes. After the page has loaded, the converter needs no server request for the work itself. It can continue flattening JSON while your device is offline. ## Related tools - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON Formatter - Beautify & Validate JSON" description: "Free online JSON formatter to beautify, validate and minify JSON instantly. No sign-up, no upload - your JSON stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JSON Formatter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a JSON formatter do? A JSON formatter turns messy or minified JSON into clean, indented text that's easy to read, and checks it for syntax errors as you type. Paste your JSON, pick an indent width, and copy the tidy result - or minify it back to one line. Everything runs in your browser, so private payloads never leave your machine. The formatter parses your text with the browser's native JSON engine, so the output matches exactly how your code will read the data - no surprises, no server round-trip, and no limit beyond what your device can handle. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your JSON** - Drop messy, minified or hand-written JSON into the input box. 2. **Read the result** - It's beautified live, and the status bar tells you if the JSON is valid or points to the first error. 3. **Choose indent or minify** - Switch between 2 spaces, 4 spaces or tabs, or hit Minify to compact it to one line. 4. **Copy it** - Copy the formatted output and paste it wherever you need it. ## Who it's for - **Developers** debugging an API response and needing to read it at a glance. - **QA and support engineers** checking whether a payload is valid before filing a bug. - **Data and config work** - tidying a settings file or a webhook body before committing it. - **Students and writers** pasting JSON into docs and wanting clean, indented examples. ## Expert note If your JSON has two keys with the same name in one object, the parser keeps only the last one - valid JSON allows duplicates, but JavaScript silently drops the earlier values, so a formatter is a quick way to spot that you have them. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the JSON formatter free? Yes - it's completely free, with no sign-up and no usage limits. It runs in your browser. ### Is my JSON uploaded anywhere? No. Your JSON is parsed and formatted locally in your browser and is never sent to a server, so it's safe for private API keys, tokens and internal data. ### What's the difference between formatting and validating JSON? Formatting re-indents valid JSON so it's readable; validating checks whether the text is legal JSON at all. This tool does both at once - it validates as you type and shows the first syntax error if the JSON is invalid. ### Why is my JSON invalid? The most common causes are a trailing comma after the last item, single quotes instead of double quotes, unquoted keys, or a missing bracket or brace. The status bar names the problem and points to the line and column so you can fix it fast. ### What does minify do? Minify removes every space and line break to produce the smallest valid single-line JSON, which is handy for shrinking config files or pasting a payload into a URL or a request body. ### Does it work offline? Yes. Once the page has loaded, the formatter keeps working with no connection because all the processing happens on your device. ## Related tools - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON Minifier - Compress & Minify JSON Online" description: "Free online JSON minifier to compress JSON to one compact line and see exactly how many bytes you saved. No sign-up, no upload - your JSON stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JSON Minifier Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a JSON minifier do? A JSON minifier strips every space, tab and line break that a JSON document does not need, collapsing it into one compact line. The data stays identical - only the formatting whitespace goes - so the file gets smaller and loads faster. Paste your JSON here and it minifies live, showing the byte count before and after and the percentage saved. Minifying is a parse-and-restringify round-trip using the browser's own JSON engine, so the compact output is guaranteed to be the exact same data your code will read back - no comments to lose, no keys reordered by hand, nothing to break. The size readout counts real UTF-8 bytes, not characters, so a payload full of emoji or accented text reports the true weight it will have over the wire. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your JSON** - Drop formatted, pretty-printed or hand-written JSON into the input box. 2. **See it minified live** - The compact single-line version appears instantly, and the status bar confirms the JSON is valid or points to the first error. 3. **Check what you saved** - The size readout shows the bytes before and after and the percentage removed, so you know exactly how much lighter the file is. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the minified JSON and paste it wherever a compact payload is needed. ## Who it's for - **Frontend developers** shrinking a bundled config or i18n file so pages ship fewer kilobytes. - **API and backend engineers** compacting a request or response body before sending it over the network. - **DevOps and data work** - flattening a large JSON blob to store or log it on a single line. - **Anyone pasting JSON into a URL, a database field or an environment variable** where a one-line value is required. ## Expert note Minifying only removes insignificant whitespace - it never touches whitespace inside string values or the actual keys and numbers, so it is completely lossless and safe to run on production data. If you need a genuinely smaller transfer, minify first and then let gzip or Brotli compression finish the job; the two stack, because gzip shrinks the repeated key names that minifying leaves untouched. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the JSON minifier free? Yes - it's completely free, with no sign-up and no usage limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Is my JSON uploaded anywhere? No. Your JSON is parsed and minified locally in your browser and is never sent to a server, so it's safe for private API keys, tokens and internal data. ### Does minifying change my data? No. Minifying only removes the spaces, tabs and line breaks between elements. Every key, value, number and string - including spaces inside strings - is preserved exactly, so the parsed data is identical to the original. ### How much smaller will my JSON get? It depends on how it was formatted. Pretty-printed JSON with deep nesting can shrink 40-70% because it carries a lot of indentation, while already-compact JSON may barely change. The tool shows the exact bytes saved and the percentage for your file. ### What if my JSON is invalid? The minifier validates as you type. If the JSON has a trailing comma, single quotes, an unquoted key or a missing bracket, the status bar names the problem - and, where the browser reports a position, points to the line and column - so you can fix it before minifying. ### Does it work offline? Yes. Once the page has loaded, the minifier keeps working with no connection because all the processing happens on your device. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON Schema Validator - Test Data Online" description: "Validate JSON data against a JSON Schema online. See every failed rule with its exact data path. Free, private and no sign-up required." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-schema-validator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JSON Schema Validator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a JSON Schema validator? A JSON Schema validator checks whether JSON data follows rules for types, required fields, ranges, patterns and object structure. Paste a schema and a data document to see every mismatch with its exact path. Validation runs locally in your browser, so API payloads and configuration data are not uploaded. This validator supports JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 through Ajv. It first checks that both editors contain valid JSON, then compiles the schema and tests the data against every applicable rule. The report groups failures by data path so you can move from a broad invalid result to a specific field. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the schema** - Add a valid JSON Schema to the left editor. Draft 2020-12 keywords are supported. 2. **Paste the data** - Add the JSON document you want to test to the right editor. 3. **Validate the document** - Choose Validate data, or press Ctrl+Enter or Cmd+Enter, to compile the schema and run every check. 4. **Fix each path** - Use the reported data paths and keyword labels to correct the data or refine the schema. ## Who it's for - **API developers** checking request and response examples against a published contract. - **Frontend teams** testing form output before it reaches an endpoint. - **Platform engineers** reviewing configuration files and event payloads before deployment. - **Schema authors** trying required fields, enums, bounds and nested object rules against realistic data. ## Expert note A valid JSON document can still fail a JSON Schema: syntax validation only proves that JSON.parse can read it, while schema validation also checks constraints such as required, type, enum, minimum and additionalProperties. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the JSON Schema validator free? Yes. You can validate schemas and JSON data for free with no account or sign-up. The tool reports all detected validation failures in one run instead of stopping after the first mismatch. ### Is my JSON data uploaded? No. The schema compiler and validator run inside your browser. The schema and data entered in the editors are not sent to a validation server, which is useful for private API payloads, configuration and test fixtures. ### How much JSON can I validate? There is no fixed tool limit. Practical capacity depends on your browser, device memory and schema complexity. Normal API payloads and configuration files should validate quickly, while deeply recursive schemas or very large documents may take longer. ### Which JSON Schema draft does this support? The validator uses Ajv's JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 implementation. It also handles the core validation vocabulary used for types, objects, arrays, strings, numbers, conditional rules and references that can be resolved within the supplied schema. ### What is the difference between JSON validation and JSON Schema validation? JSON validation checks syntax such as quotes, commas and brackets. JSON Schema validation starts with valid JSON, then checks whether the values and structure follow a separate contract. A payload can have perfect JSON syntax and still fail a required field or type rule. ### Can the validator resolve a remote $ref? No. This browser tool does not fetch remote schemas. Local references within the pasted schema can resolve, but an external $ref needs its referenced schema to be bundled locally or handled by a validator configured with that dependency. ## Related tools - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [YAML Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-validator/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON to CSV Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online JSON to CSV converter. Paste a JSON array or object and get downloadable CSV instantly. Private, no upload, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # JSON to CSV Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert JSON to CSV? Paste a JSON array or object into the converter and it turns the data into a CSV table. Object keys become column headers, nested objects can flatten into dotted columns, and strings with commas, quotes or line breaks are escaped correctly. Everything runs in your browser, so your data is not uploaded. JSON is flexible and can nest objects, arrays and mixed values. CSV is a rectangular table. This tool bridges that gap by reading your JSON, collecting every column name it finds, and writing a header row plus one CSV row per item. Nested objects can become dotted headers such as `address.city`, while arrays and deeper structures stay as compact JSON inside a cell. The conversion runs locally in JavaScript. You can paste private API responses, exports or config fragments without sending them to a server. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your JSON** - Paste a JSON array, a single object or a scalar value into the input panel. 2. **Choose CSV options** - Pick comma, semicolon or tab output, keep nested objects flattened, and add a UTF-8 BOM if your spreadsheet app needs it. 3. **Copy or download** - The CSV updates live. Copy it to the clipboard or download it as a .csv file. ## Who it's for - **Developers** turning an API response into a quick spreadsheet for debugging, QA or documentation. - **Data and operations teams** cleaning lightweight JSON exports before opening them in Excel, Google Sheets or BI tools. - **Product and support teams** converting event logs, webhook payloads or customer records into a readable table. ## Expert note CSV has no native nested object type, so the safest default is to flatten objects into dotted headers and keep arrays as JSON strings inside cells. That preserves the original values while still producing a table that spreadsheet apps can open. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this JSON to CSV converter free? Yes. The converter is free, runs in your browser and does not require an account. Paste your JSON, adjust the delimiter if needed, then copy or download the CSV output. ### Is my JSON uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion happens locally in your browser with JavaScript. Your pasted JSON is not sent to CanDoYa or any external service, which makes it suitable for private API responses and internal exports. ### What JSON shape works best for CSV? An array of objects works best because each object becomes one row and each key becomes a column. A single object is converted into one row, and an array of strings or numbers becomes a one-column CSV with the header value. ### How are nested objects converted? With Flatten nested objects enabled, nested keys become dotted column names such as address.city or profile.name. If you turn flattening off, nested objects are kept as JSON strings inside a single cell. ### How are commas, quotes and line breaks escaped? Fields that contain the delimiter, a double quote, a line break or leading or trailing whitespace are wrapped in double quotes. Embedded double quotes are doubled, which is the standard CSV escaping rule used by spreadsheets. ### Why add a UTF-8 BOM? Some versions of Excel detect UTF-8 more reliably when a CSV file starts with a byte order mark. Leave it off for most tools; turn it on if accents, CJK text or emoji look wrong after opening the file. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON to TOML Converter - Preserve Config Values" description: "Convert JSON to TOML locally with tables, arrays and exact large integers. Spot unsupported nulls, copy your config or download a .toml file. No upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-toml/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # JSON to TOML Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert JSON to TOML? This JSON to TOML converter turns a JSON object into a readable configuration file. Nested objects become tables, arrays of objects become arrays of tables, and string values stay strings. Paste your JSON to convert it locally, resolve any unsupported values, then copy the TOML or download the file. A nested object such as `{"server": {"port": 8080}}` becomes a `[server]` table containing `port = 8080`. Arrays of objects use repeated `[[name]]` sections. Keys containing dots, spaces or punctuation are quoted so they stay single keys. The converter changes the file format, not the configuration schema. A JSON package description still needs the fields expected by Cargo, Hugo or your application's TOML loader. An empty JSON object produces a blank TOML document, which is valid. ## How to use it 1. **Paste a JSON object** - Enter strict JSON in the input editor, or load the example. The top-level value must be an object. Output updates as you type. 2. **Resolve any incompatible values** - Errors identify the JSON path. Replace null values, or open Conversion options to omit null-valued object properties. Null array items must be handled explicitly. 3. **Copy or download the TOML** - Copy the completed output or download config.toml. Your input and converted data stay in the browser. ## Who it's for - **Application settings:** turn nested JSON configuration into TOML tables that are easier to edit by hand. - **Migration checks:** find null values and duplicate keys before moving a JSON configuration into a TOML-based system. - **Developer documentation:** create TOML examples from JSON fixtures while keeping dates, version strings and large integer IDs intact. ## Expert note The integer 9007199254740993 is already beyond JavaScript's safe integer range. Reading it with ordinary JSON.parse can change its last digit before conversion even starts. This converter reads integer tokens directly and preserves every digit within the signed 64-bit range. Quote larger IDs to keep them as strings. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this JSON to TOML converter free and private? Yes. It is free and needs no account. The JSON input and TOML output are processed locally in your browser. They are not uploaded or saved by the converter. Copy or download your result before closing the page. ### Can every JSON value be converted to TOML? No. TOML requires a table at the root and has no null type. This converter rejects top-level arrays and scalar values, duplicate keys, unpaired Unicode surrogates and unsupported numbers. An error clears the output so you cannot accidentally copy a partial conversion. ### What happens to null values? Conversion stops by default and shows the offending JSON path. You can explicitly choose to omit object properties with null values in Conversion options. A warning reports how many were removed. Null array items always produce an error because removing one would change array positions. ### Are large integers and decimal numbers preserved? Integer tokens from -9223372036854775808 through 9223372036854775807 retain their exact digits. Decimal and exponent tokens use IEEE 754 binary64 precision and may round, as in most JavaScript applications. Overflow and underflow to zero are rejected; negative zero is normalized to zero. Put exact decimal amounts or larger integers in quotes to preserve them as strings. ### Do dates become TOML date values? No. JSON has no date type, so a date-looking string remains a quoted TOML string. This also protects version numbers and values such as "true" from changing type. Convert a string into a native TOML date manually only if your application requires it. ### Does this generate a ready-to-use Cargo.toml or pyproject.toml? It generates TOML syntax from your JSON structure. It does not rename fields, infer dependencies or validate a Cargo or Python project schema. Check the required tables and settings for the application that will read the file. ### Which JSON formats and sizes are supported? Use strict JSON with a top-level object. Comments and trailing commas are not accepted. To keep the editor responsive, each input is limited to 1,000,000 characters and 64 nested objects or arrays. Split a larger configuration into smaller objects before converting. ## Related tools - [TOML to JSON](https://candoya.com/tools/toml-to-json/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [YAML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-to-json/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON to XML Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free JSON to XML converter for nested objects, arrays and attributes. Get clean, well-formed XML instantly without uploading your data." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-xml/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # JSON to XML Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert JSON to XML? Paste valid JSON and this JSON to XML converter maps objects to nested elements, arrays to repeated tags, and scalar values to text. You can set the root tag, choose the indentation, add a standard XML declaration, then copy or download the result. The conversion runs entirely in your browser. JSON and XML organize data differently, so there is no single official one-to-one mapping. This converter uses predictable rules: object keys become element names, nested objects become nested elements, and array values repeat the element for their key. A top-level array uses the item tag from XML options. For XML attributes, prefix a JSON key with `@`. For example, `{"book":{"@id":"7","#text":"Dune"}}` produces a book element with an id attribute and Dune as its text. Reserved XML characters are escaped, and keys that are not valid XML names are encoded into safe tag names. Everything runs locally with no upload or account. ## How to use it 1. **Paste JSON** - Paste or type a valid JSON value into the left editor, or load the example. 2. **Set the XML options** - Choose the format and, if needed, change the root tag, array item tag or XML declaration. 3. **Check the mapping** - Review the live XML output. Invalid JSON, tag names and unsupported mixed content are explained in the status bar. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the finished XML to your clipboard or save the exact result as data.xml. ## Who it's for - **API developers** adapting a JSON payload for a SOAP endpoint or another XML-only integration. - **Data engineers** preparing nested records for import into an XML-based workflow, feed or archive. - **Testers and support teams** turning sample API responses into readable XML fixtures without installing a converter. - **Students** comparing how objects, arrays, attributes and scalar values appear in the two formats. ## Expert note JSON does not preserve XML types, namespaces or mixed-content order. This converter rejects a #text value combined with child elements instead of inventing an order that could silently change a document's meaning. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this JSON to XML converter free? Yes. You can convert JSON to XML, copy the output and download the XML file without signing up or paying. There is no usage counter in the tool. Practical limits come from your browser's available memory and the cost of updating very large text live. ### Is my JSON uploaded anywhere? No. Parsing and XML generation happen locally in your browser. The JSON you paste is not sent to a conversion server, stored in an account or added to a queue, which makes the tool suitable for private API samples and configuration data. ### How are JSON arrays converted to XML? An array stored under an object key becomes repeated elements with that key. For example, a tags array produces one tags element per item. A top-level array is wrapped by the root tag and each value uses the configurable top-level array item tag. ### How do I create XML attributes from JSON? Start the JSON key with @. The input `{"book":{"@id":"7"}}` creates an id attribute on the book element. Attribute values must be strings, numbers, booleans or null. Use `#text` when the same element also needs text content. ### What happens to spaces or invalid characters in JSON keys? The converter encodes characters that cannot appear in an XML tag name. A space becomes a code-point marker such as `_x20_`, leading digits are encoded, and names beginning with the reserved letters xml receive a safe prefix. The output remains well-formed without dropping the field. ### Does JSON to XML conversion preserve every data type? No. XML element text does not inherently distinguish a JSON number, boolean, string or null. The visible values and hierarchy are retained, while null becomes an empty element. If the destination requires types, namespaces or a schema, validate and adapt the result to that contract. ### Are special characters escaped in the XML output? Yes. Ampersands and angle brackets in text are converted to XML entities, and quotes are also escaped inside attributes. Characters forbidden by XML 1.0, such as a null control character, produce a clear error instead of an invalid document. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [CSV to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-xml/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON to YAML Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online JSON to YAML converter. Paste JSON and get clean, block-style YAML instantly, with 2 or 4 space indent. Runs entirely in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # JSON to YAML Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert JSON to YAML? Paste your JSON into the converter and it re-serialises the same data as block-style YAML: objects become key-value mappings, arrays become dash lists, and nested structures are indented for you. Choose 2 or 4 space indentation, and it runs entirely in your browser so nothing is uploaded. JSON and YAML describe the same data model (objects, arrays, strings, numbers, booleans and null), so converting between them is a lossless re-serialisation, not a translation. This tool parses your JSON and re-emits it as clean block-style YAML: braces and brackets give way to indentation, quotes disappear from keys and plain strings, and readability goes up. It is handy when a config file, CI pipeline or Kubernetes manifest wants YAML but your data started life as JSON. Everything happens locally in your browser using JavaScript. Your data is never uploaded, logged or sent to a server, so it is safe to convert API responses, secrets or config that contain private values. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your JSON** - Paste or type JSON into the left panel, or load the example to see the format. 2. **Pick the indentation** - Choose 2 or 4 space indent. Invalid JSON is flagged in the status bar with the exact parse error. 3. **Copy the YAML** - The YAML updates live on the right. Copy it or download it as a .yaml file. ## Who it's for - **DevOps and platform engineers** turning a JSON payload into a YAML config, Kubernetes manifest, GitHub Actions workflow or docker-compose file. - **Developers** converting an API response or a package.json fragment into readable YAML for docs, fixtures or seed data. - **Anyone** who prefers YAML's indentation over JSON's braces and wants a clean copy without installing Python, jq or yq. ## Expert note YAML quietly reinterprets some plain strings: a bare yes becomes a boolean, 07030 could be read as a number, and 2020-01-01 as a date. Because a JSON string is unambiguously text, this converter double-quotes any string value whose plain form a YAML 1.1 parser might mis-read, so a ZIP code, a version like 3.0, or the word no survives the round-trip as the exact string it was in your JSON. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is JSON to YAML conversion lossless? Yes. JSON and YAML share the same data types, so every object, array, string, number, boolean and null maps directly across. The tool also quotes strings that YAML might otherwise misread, so parsing the YAML back gives you the original values. ### Can I choose the indentation? Yes. Pick 2 or 4 spaces from the Indent selector. YAML uses spaces, never tabs, so both options produce valid, portable output that any parser accepts. ### What happens with nested objects and arrays? They are indented as block-style YAML. Nested objects go one level deeper, arrays become dash lists, and an array of objects gets the compact '- key: value' form. Empty objects and arrays render as {} and []. ### What if my JSON is invalid? The status bar turns red and shows the exact parse error, including the position, so you can find the stray comma or missing quote. The output stays empty until the JSON is valid. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript. Nothing you paste is sent to a server, stored or logged, so it is safe for private or sensitive data. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JSON Validator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online JSON validator to check syntax, locate errors and preview formatted JSON. No sign-up, no upload - your data stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JSON Validator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a JSON validator do? A JSON validator checks whether pasted text is legal JSON and shows the first syntax error with a line and column when the parser can locate it. Paste an API response, config file or webhook body to confirm it is valid, inspect a formatted preview and see basic structure stats without uploading anything. This validator uses the browser's native JSON parser, so it follows the same strict rules your JavaScript code expects: double-quoted strings, quoted object keys, no comments and no trailing commas. Valid input is parsed locally and shown as a clean two-space preview. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your JSON** - Drop the object, array or JSON primitive into the input box. 2. **Read the status** - The validator updates live and reports whether the text is valid JSON. 3. **Fix any error** - If the parser can locate the problem, use the line and column in the message to jump to the first bad token. 4. **Copy the preview** - For valid JSON, copy the formatted preview or use the structure stats to sanity-check the payload. ## Who it's for - **API debugging** when a response body looks right but your client refuses to parse it. - **Config review** before saving package, app or infrastructure JSON files. - **Webhook testing** when you need to verify a copied payload before sending it. - **LLM output checks** when a prompt is supposed to return strict JSON for another tool. ## Expert note JSON validation is stricter than JavaScript object syntax: single quotes, comments, unquoted keys, trailing commas, NaN and Infinity are all invalid JSON even though some JavaScript-like formats allow them. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the JSON validator free? Yes. The validator is free to use with no sign-up, no account and no usage limit. It runs in your browser and updates as you type. ### Is my JSON uploaded anywhere? No. Your JSON is parsed locally in your browser. The text you paste into the validator is not sent to a server, which makes it suitable for private API responses, tokens, logs and config files. ### Why is my JSON invalid? Common causes are trailing commas, single quotes, unquoted object keys, comments, missing brackets or a value such as NaN. The status message shows the parser's first error and includes a line and column when the browser exposes one. ### Does this validate JSON Schema? No. This page validates JSON syntax only: whether the text can be parsed as JSON. JSON Schema validation checks whether a valid JSON document matches a separate schema, which is a different task. ### Can a JSON string, number or null be valid? Yes. Modern JSON allows any serialized value at the top level, including an object, array, string, number, boolean or null. Some older APIs still expect the root to be an object or array, so check the receiving system's requirements. ### Why does the formatted preview change my spacing? Whitespace outside JSON strings is insignificant. After validation, the preview parses the data and prints it with two-space indentation so you can read the structure without changing the actual values. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JWT Decoder - Inspect Tokens and Claims" description: "Decode JWT tokens online to inspect headers, payload claims, expiry times and signature segments locally in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-decoder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JWT Decoder Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a JWT decoder do? A JWT decoder turns the Base64URL header and payload of a JSON Web Token into readable JSON. Paste a token to inspect its algorithm, claims and NumericDate timestamps such as exp, nbf and iat. Decoding happens in your browser, but it does not verify the token's signature or authenticity. This decoder accepts a three-part compact JWT, including tokens copied with an **Authorization: Bearer** prefix. It checks the structure, parses UTF-8 JSON and highlights the token's current time window. Your token stays in the browser and is not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the JWT** - Copy a compact token or Bearer value into the input. The decoder updates immediately. 2. **Read the header and payload** - Inspect the formatted JSON, registered claims and human-readable UTC timestamps. 3. **Check the warnings** - Use the time status and security notes as debugging clues, then verify the signature in your application. 4. **Copy what you need** - Copy the decoded header, payload or raw signature segment for local debugging and documentation. ## Who it's for - **API developers** tracing authentication failures by inspecting issuer, audience, subject and custom claims. - **Frontend teams** checking access-token expiry while debugging refresh and sign-in flows. - **Security reviewers** spotting unsigned tokens, unexpected algorithms or malformed NumericDate claims before deeper verification. - **Support engineers** reading a redacted token from a local test environment without writing a decoding script. ## Expert note A readable JWT is not necessarily trustworthy: Base64URL is encoding, not encryption, and exp only limits acceptance when the receiving system validates it together with the signature, issuer, audience and allowed algorithm. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the JWT decoder free? Yes. The JWT decoder is free, requires no account and has no usage limit. It runs locally in your browser, so you can inspect development tokens without installing a package or sending the token to a decoding API. ### Is my JWT uploaded? No. Header and payload decoding happens in your browser with JavaScript. The tool does not upload the token for processing. Still, avoid sharing production access tokens in screenshots, tickets or messages because anyone who obtains a live bearer token may be able to use it. ### How large a JWT can I decode? The decoder has no artificial character limit, but browsers, proxies and application servers often impose practical header limits. Very large tokens can fail before reaching your application, so keep production JWT claims compact and avoid embedding bulky profile or permission data. ### Does decoding a JWT verify its signature? No. Decoding only reveals the encoded JSON. Signature verification requires the correct key, an allowed algorithm and application checks for claims such as issuer and audience. Never treat a decoded token as authentic until the system accepting it completes those checks. ### How do I check whether a JWT is expired? Read the exp claim as a NumericDate measured in seconds since the Unix epoch. The token must not be accepted at or after that time. This decoder converts exp to UTC and compares it with your browser's current clock, but the server remains authoritative. ### Can anyone decode a JWT payload? Anyone who has a standard signed JWT can usually decode its header and payload because Base64URL does not hide the contents. Do not place passwords, secrets or unnecessary personal data in claims. Encrypted JWE tokens use five segments and are outside this decoder's scope. ### Why does the decoder show an invalid timestamp warning? RFC 7519 defines exp, nbf and iat as NumericDate values: JSON numbers containing seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. A string, an invalid number or a millisecond value can produce misleading dates and may be rejected by strict JWT libraries. ## Related tools - [JWT Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "JWT Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online JWT generator for HS256 and unsigned debug tokens. Edit header and claims locally, then copy a compact token." url: https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free JWT Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a JWT generator do? A JWT generator builds a compact JSON Web Token from a header, payload claims and signing choice. This tool creates HS256 tokens with your browser's Web Crypto API or unsigned tokens for debugging, then shows the copyable three-part token without sending the JSON or secret to a server. JWTs are compact, URL-safe strings used in authorization headers and callbacks. This generator follows the JWS compact form: base64url header, base64url payload and a signature segment separated by dots. Treat it as a local development helper, not a production key-management system. ## How to use it 1. **Edit the header** - Keep typ as JWT and choose HS256 or none from the algorithm buttons. 2. **Add payload claims** - Write a JSON object with fields such as sub, name, iat, exp or your own custom claims. 3. **Enter a test secret** - For HS256, provide a shared secret. Use throwaway development values, not production secrets. 4. **Copy the token** - The generator updates after edits and the copy button copies the full compact JWT. ## Who it's for - **API prototyping** when you need a quick HS256 bearer token for a local mock service. - **Claim debugging** when you want to inspect how iat, exp, sub or custom fields change the final token. - **Webhook testing** when a sandbox endpoint expects a compact token-shaped value. - **Documentation examples** when you need a readable sample JWT with non-sensitive claims. ## Expert note JWT timestamps such as iat, nbf and exp are NumericDate values: seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z, not milliseconds. A one-hour expiry adds 3600, not 3600000. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the JWT generator free? Yes. The JWT generator is free to use with no sign-up and no usage limit. It runs in your browser and is meant for development, documentation and testing workflows. ### Are my JWT claims or secrets uploaded? No. The header, payload and HS256 secret are processed in your browser. Still, you should only use throwaway development secrets here, because production token signing belongs in a controlled server or key-management environment. ### Does this create production-ready JWTs? It creates syntactically valid compact JWT strings for local testing. It does not replace your authentication server, key rotation, audience validation, issuer checks, replay controls or secure storage for signing keys. ### Which JWT algorithms are supported? This version supports HS256 using Web Crypto HMAC SHA-256 and the none algorithm for unsigned debugging tokens. It does not handle RS256, ES256 or private-key signing. ### What is the none algorithm? The none algorithm creates an unsigned token with an empty signature segment. Use it only when a test harness explicitly needs an unsigned JWT. Production systems should reject unsigned tokens. ### Why did my header alg change? The selected algorithm button is the source of truth. The generator rewrites the header alg field to HS256 or none so the header matches the signature it actually creates. ## Related tools - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Kanban Board - Free, Private, No Sign-up" description: "Use a free online Kanban board to organize tasks with drag and drop. No sign-up: your private board saves only in this browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/kanban-board/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Kanban Board Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a Kanban board? A Kanban board is a visual task organizer that moves work through clear stages such as Backlog, In progress, and Done. Add a card for each task, then move it as the work advances. This free board saves automatically in your browser, with no account or upload. **This board is made for quick personal planning.** Add, edit, delete, reorder, or drag cards between three fixed columns. You can also move every card with visible buttons, which keeps the workflow usable on touchscreens and with a keyboard. Your board is stored in this browser's localStorage. It returns after a normal reload on this device, but it does not sync to another browser and can be erased when you clear site data. Copy the board as Markdown whenever you want a portable text backup. ## How to use it 1. **Name the board** - Replace the default title with a project, sprint, or personal workflow name. 2. **Add task cards** - Choose Add card in any column, enter a concise action, and add optional context. 3. **Move the work** - Drag cards between columns on desktop, or use Move left and Move right with touch or keyboard. 4. **Keep a backup** - Choose Copy board to place a readable Markdown snapshot on your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **Freelancers** tracking small client deliverables without setting up a full project workspace. - **Students** moving research, drafting, revision, and submitted work through a visible flow. - **Developers and designers** keeping a private launch checklist beside the work in progress. - **Households** organizing repairs, errands, or event tasks on one simple device-local board. ## Expert note A useful Kanban board limits work in progress instead of merely collecting tasks. If the In progress column keeps growing, finish or unblock a card before pulling another one from Backlog; the visible queue is meant to expose that bottleneck. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my Kanban board uploaded anywhere? No. Cards, descriptions, order, and the board title are processed and saved in your browser's localStorage. CanDoYa does not receive the board data. The tradeoff is that the board stays on this browser and device unless you copy it into another app yourself. ### Is this Kanban board free? Yes. The board is free to use with no account, subscription, card limit, or download. Open the page and begin adding tasks. It is designed as a focused personal board, not as a cloud collaboration service with team accounts and shared updates. ### How many cards can I add? The tool does not impose a card limit. Practical capacity depends on your browser's localStorage allowance and your device, though ordinary text-only personal boards use very little space. Short card titles and focused descriptions also make a Kanban board easier to scan. ### Does the board save after I close the tab? Yes, in a normal browser session. Each edit saves automatically to localStorage, so the board returns when you reopen the page on the same browser and device. Clearing this site's stored data, switching browsers, or using private browsing can remove or prevent that saved copy. ### Can I use the Kanban board without drag and drop? Yes. Every card includes Move left and Move right buttons, so you can update status with touch, mouse, or keyboard. Drag and drop is an extra desktop shortcut, not the only way to use the workflow. ### Can I share the board with a team? Not as a live collaborative board. This version is stored only in your browser and does not create a shared link. Copy the board as Markdown to send a snapshot, or use a collaborative project service when several people need real-time editing. ### What is the difference between Kanban and a to-do list? A to-do list mainly records tasks. A Kanban board also shows workflow state, so you can see what has not started, what is actively being worked on, and what is finished. That structure makes blocked work and an overloaded In progress stage easier to notice. ## Related tools - [Online Habit Tracker](https://candoya.com/tools/habit-tracker/) - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/) - [Recipe Scaler](https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-scaler/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Kebab Case Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free kebab case converter for text, camelCase, PascalCase and messy identifiers. Convert live to kebab-case for slugs and code." url: https://candoya.com/tools/kebab-case-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Kebab Case Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a kebab case converter? A kebab case converter turns text or code-style names into hyphen-separated identifiers like user-profile-url. Paste a phrase, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case or mixed punctuation and the result updates live. It handles bulk lines and can switch to UPPER-KEBAB-CASE when an uppercase hyphenated label is required. This converter runs **entirely in your browser**, so pasted routes, package names, CSS labels and private notes are not uploaded. It splits common identifier boundaries such as `HTTPServerError`, `customerProfileURL` and `invoice_total`, then normalizes repeated separators into one hyphen. Unicode letters stay intact by default for localized slugs, and strict ASCII mode folds Latin accents when a system only accepts plain `a-z`, `0-9` and hyphens. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Enter a phrase, list of labels or existing identifiers. Each input line becomes one output line. 2. **Choose the case** - Keep the default kebab-case output or switch to UPPER-KEBAB-CASE for systems that expect uppercase hyphenated labels. 3. **Pick character handling** - Leave Unicode letters on for multilingual text, or turn it off when you need strict ASCII identifiers. 4. **Copy the result** - Use Copy to grab the converted identifier or the full converted column. ## Who it's for - **Frontend developers** turning headings into CSS class names, custom-property suffixes, route segments and component file names. - **Package authors** cleaning library names, CLI commands and plugin IDs into readable hyphenated labels. - **Content teams** preparing draft slugs, anchor IDs and naming examples without pasting text into a server-side service. - **Data teams** converting spreadsheet labels or event names into predictable identifiers before import. ## Expert note The converter splits acronym runs before title-case words, so `HTTPServerError` becomes `http-server-error` instead of the noisy `h-t-t-p-server-error`. That small rule keeps generated slugs and package-style names readable without hand-editing acronyms. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this kebab case converter free? Yes. The tool is free, does not require sign-up and has no practical line limit for normal browser use. Paste one value or a whole column and convert it instantly. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Conversion happens locally in your browser. Your identifiers, internal field names, API payloads and draft text stay on your device. ### What does kebab-case mean? kebab-case is a naming style where words are lowercase and separated with hyphens, such as `customer-profile-url`. It is common in URL slugs, file names, CSS class names, npm package names and many command-line tools. ### Can it convert camelCase or PascalCase? Yes. It detects common case boundaries, so `customerProfileURL` becomes `customer-profile-url` and `HTTPServerError` becomes `http-server-error`. ### What is UPPER-KEBAB-CASE for? UPPER-KEBAB-CASE is an uppercase variant for systems that allow hyphenated labels but prefer capital letters, such as imported catalog codes, export labels or build identifiers like `API-BASE-URL`. Use the default kebab-case mode for URLs and filenames. ### Does it support accents and non-English text? Yes. Unicode letters are kept by default, so words in Cyrillic, Greek, Hindi, Chinese and other scripts are preserved when they are separated by spaces or punctuation. Turn Unicode off only when you need strict ASCII output. ### Can I convert many names at once? Yes. Paste one value per line and the tool returns one converted identifier per line in the same order, which is handy for spreadsheet headers, database columns and bulk code cleanup. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Camel Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/camel-case-converter/) - [Snake Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/snake-case-converter/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Keyword Extractor - Private AI Analysis" description: "Extract keywords from text with private, on-device AI. Rank English words and phrases by semantic relevance, then copy or export results." url: https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free AI Keyword Extractor Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a keyword extractor? A keyword extractor finds the words and short phrases that best represent a text. This tool generates phrases from your English passage, embeds them with a local MiniLM model, and ranks them against the document's meaning. You get useful topic labels without sending the pasted text to an analysis server. **This extractor follows a KeyBERT-style method in your browser.** It builds one-to-three-word candidates from the passage, removes common English filler words, and uses cosine similarity between MiniLM embeddings to measure how closely each phrase matches the document. A small occurrence signal helps repeated terms without turning the ranking into a simple frequency list. The Apache-2.0 all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model maps text into 384-number vectors. Long documents are split into balanced chunks before their vectors are averaged, which avoids judging an entire article only from its opening. WebGPU uses roughly 30 MB of quantized weights when supported; the WebAssembly CPU fallback uses roughly 54 MB. Browser and model runtime files download separately and may be cached. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Enter an English article, report, transcript, or other topic-rich passage. 2. **Choose the detail** - Set the longest phrase to one, two, or three words and choose how many results you want. 3. **Extract keywords** - Run the on-device model and review relevance and occurrence counts for each phrase. 4. **Use the list** - Copy the phrases as a comma-separated list or download the scored results as CSV. ## Who it's for - **Content editors** can check whether a draft stays focused on its intended topic before publication. - **Researchers and students** can turn reports, lecture notes, or abstracts into a compact concept list. - **Knowledge-base teams** can draft tags for articles and support documents without uploading unpublished text. - **SEO specialists** can inspect topical coverage, then validate promising terms with a separate search-volume tool. ## Expert note MiniLM reads at most 256 word pieces per model input, so this implementation embeds up to ten document chunks and averages their normalized vectors instead of silently discarding everything after the opening section. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Your passage is passed to a worker inside your browser, and model inference runs on your device. The worker downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and MiniLM model files from external hosts, but those requests do not contain the text you pasted. CanDoYa does not receive or store it. ### Is the keyword extractor free? Yes. You can extract, copy, and export keywords without an account or usage fee. Your browser supplies the computing power, so the first run can take longer while it downloads the AI runtime and model. Cached files often make later runs faster. ### How much text can I analyse? The tool analyses up to 8,000 Unicode characters per run and tells you if a longer passage was trimmed. It requires at least eight words. For a long document, analysing individual sections can reveal more specific phrases than processing the whole document at once. ### Does it extract single words or phrases? It can rank single words, phrases up to two words, or phrases up to three words. The phrase must occur in the source text. Increasing the phrase length can reveal precise topics such as urban forestry, but it also creates more candidates for the model to compare. ### How does AI keyword extraction work? The tool creates candidate phrases, converts the document chunks and each candidate into normalized MiniLM embeddings, then compares them with cosine similarity. It blends that semantic match with a small frequency score. This is closer to KeyBERT-style ranking than a plain word-count table. ### Does this show Google search volume or keyword difficulty? No. Relevance describes how well a phrase represents the pasted text, not how often people search for it or how hard it may be to rank. Use these results for topic discovery or tagging, then check search demand and competition in a dedicated SEO research product. ### Which languages does the model support? This page is intended for English. The MiniLM model was trained as an English sentence encoder, and candidate filtering uses an English stop-word list. Other Latin-script languages may return phrases, but their relevance scores are not calibrated or guaranteed to be useful. ### Will it work offline? It can work after your browser has cached the Transformers.js runtime, tokenizer, and model files, but cache availability is controlled by the browser. A first visit needs a network connection, and private browsing, storage cleanup, or cache eviction can require another download. ## Related tools - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/) - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Parts of Speech Tagger](https://candoya.com/tools/parts-of-speech-tagger/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Language Detector - Identify Text Privately" description: "Identify the language of text with private on-device AI. Compare the top three matches across 20 languages with no text upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # AI Language Detector Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a language detector? A language detector identifies the most likely language of pasted text. This tool compares your sample against 20 languages and shows the top three model scores. The AI runs locally in a browser worker, so your text is not uploaded, although the model must download on the first use. **The detector runs an XLM-R classification model on your device** and keeps the page responsive by doing inference in a worker. It prefers WebGPU acceleration and retries on the WebAssembly CPU backend when needed. The first run downloads about 296 MB of model and tokenizer data from Hugging Face. Browsers normally cache those files, but may remove them when storage is cleared or space is low. The model compares Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, Thai, Turkish, Urdu, and Vietnamese. Text in another language is forced toward one of those labels, so check the supported list before relying on a result. ## How to use it 1. **Paste a useful sample** - Enter a full sentence or paragraph in one of the 20 supported languages. Longer, natural text is usually easier to distinguish than a name or single word. 2. **Run on-device detection** - Click Detect language. On the first run, wait for the model download; later visits can reuse the browser cache when it is still available. 3. **Review the ranked matches** - Check the top language, ISO code, score, and alternatives. Treat close scores, short samples, and unsupported languages as uncertain. ## Who it's for - **Support teams** routing an unfamiliar customer message to the right language queue before a human reads it. - **Researchers and editors** sorting multilingual excerpts while keeping unpublished text on their own device. - **Developers** checking sample data before choosing a locale, tokenizer, translation model, or content pipeline. - **Travellers and language learners** identifying a sentence before looking up a dictionary or translation resource. ## Expert note Language identification is a closed-set classification task here: the model must choose among its 20 training labels. A high score can still be wrong for an unsupported language, while names, URLs, code, transliterated text, and mixed-language sentences often lack enough distinctive evidence. Use a natural paragraph when the decision matters. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. The text is passed to a worker inside your browser and inference happens on your device. The worker downloads public model files and the Transformers.js runtime from external hosts, but it does not send your pasted text with those requests. CanDoYa does not receive or store the sample. ### Is the language detector free? Yes. There is no account, payment, credit limit, or API key. Your device performs the inference. The practical costs are a first model download, local storage, memory, and processing time. A metered internet connection may still charge for downloading the model files. ### How much text can I analyse? You can paste any ordinary passage, but the detector analyses at most the first 400 characters to stay within the model's input window and keep browser inference predictable. Four letters or numbers are the minimum. For a useful result, provide at least one natural sentence; a paragraph gives the model more distinguishing patterns. ### Which languages can this tool identify? The model supports 20 labels: Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, Thai, Turkish, Urdu, and Vietnamese. It does not reliably identify languages outside that closed set. ### Why is the first download about 296 MB? The detector uses a multilingual XLM-R neural model rather than a small character-frequency table. Its quantized ONNX weights are about 279 MB and its tokenizer is about 17 MB. The browser normally caches both, although cache eviction, private browsing, or cleared site data can require another download. ### Does language detection work without WebGPU? Yes. The worker prefers WebGPU when the browser exposes it. If WebGPU is missing or model startup fails, the tool retries with the WebAssembly CPU backend. CPU inference keeps the same text on your device, but loading and detection can take longer on phones or older computers. ### What do the confidence scores mean? The scores rank the model's 20 possible labels for this sample. They are useful for comparing candidates but are not a guarantee, an independent probability of correctness, or evidence that the true language is supported. Close top scores are a reason to add more natural text. ### Can it detect mixed or transliterated text? The tool returns one dominant top match plus alternatives, not a language label for every sentence or word. Mixed-language text can produce close scores. Informal transliteration, names, emoji, URLs, and source code also remove many script and spelling clues, so those inputs need cautious human review. ## Related tools - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Text Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Speech to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Length Converter - mm, cm, m, km, in, ft, yd, mi" description: "Free length and distance converter. Enter a value and convert instantly between millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers, inches, feet, yards, miles and more - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Length Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert between length units? Pick the unit you have, type a number, and pick the unit you want. This length converter turns your value into every metric and imperial unit at once - mm, cm, m, km, inches, feet, yards, miles and nautical miles - using exact conversion factors, instantly and entirely in your browser. Every length unit here is defined by an exact factor to the meter, so the conversions are precise rather than approximate: an inch is exactly 0.0254 meters, a foot is 0.3048 m, a yard is 0.9144 m, a mile is 1609.344 m and a nautical mile is exactly 1852 m. Enter a value, choose your *from* and *to* units, and the big number updates as you type, with a reference table showing the same length in all ten units at once. Use the swap arrows to reverse the direction. Nothing is uploaded - the math happens on the page. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a length** - Type a number in the value field. Decimals are fine - use a dot or a comma, e.g. 5 or 5.5 or 5,5. 2. **Choose the units** - Pick the unit you are converting from next to the number, and the unit you want in the To dropdown. 3. **Read every unit at once** - The big result shows your target unit; the table below shows the same length in all ten units. Use the swap arrows to reverse it, or Copy result to grab the figure. ## Who it's for - **DIY, building and crafts** - convert a measurement from centimeters or millimeters to inches (or the reverse) before cutting, drilling or ordering material. - **Travel and maps** reading a distance in kilometers and wanting it in miles, or a trail sign in miles when you think in kilometers. - **Sports and fitness** converting a run, swim or ride between meters, kilometers, yards and miles. - **Sailing and aviation** working with nautical miles alongside kilometers and statute miles. - **Students and engineers** checking a unit conversion with exact factors instead of a rounded rule of thumb. ## Expert note The imperial units are not rough approximations of the metric ones - since the 1959 international agreement they are DEFINED in metric terms, which is why this converter is exact: 1 inch is precisely 25.4 mm, so a foot is 304.8 mm and a mile is 1,609.344 m. The one unit people mix up is the mile: a statute (land) mile is 1,609.344 m, but a nautical mile is 1,852 m - about 15% longer - because it is tied to one minute of latitude on the Earth, not to feet. If a boat or aircraft speed is in knots, that is nautical miles per hour, so convert distances with the nmi row, not the mi row. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the length converter free? Yes - it is 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. Every conversion runs in your browser and nothing you type is uploaded or stored. ### Which length units does it convert? Ten units: micrometers, millimeters, centimeters, meters and kilometers on the metric side, and inches, feet, yards, miles and nautical miles on the imperial and nautical side. You can convert between any two of them. ### How many centimeters are in an inch? Exactly 2.54 centimeters, because an inch is defined as 25.4 millimeters. So 10 inches is 25.4 cm and 1 foot (12 inches) is 30.48 cm. ### How do I convert kilometers to miles? Multiply kilometers by 0.621371 to get miles, since 1 mile is 1.609344 km. So 5 km is about 3.107 miles and 10 km is about 6.214 miles. Enter the value and this tool shows it instantly. ### What is the difference between a mile and a nautical mile? A statute (land) mile is 1,609.344 meters; a nautical mile is 1,852 meters, roughly 15% longer. Nautical miles are used at sea and in the air because one nautical mile equals about one minute of latitude. ### Can I convert very small or very large lengths? Yes. Micrometers handle very small measurements (1 micrometer is a thousandth of a millimeter) and kilometers or miles handle large distances. Extreme results are shown in scientific notation so the number stays readable. ### Does it work with decimals and commas? Yes. You can type a dot or a comma as the decimal mark, so both 5.5 and 5,5 are read as five and a half. Whitespace is ignored. ## Related tools - [Meters to Feet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/meters-to-feet/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "LESS to CSS Converter - Compile LESS Online" description: "LESS to CSS converter powered by Less.js. Compile variables, nesting, mixins and functions locally, then copy or download clean CSS." url: https://candoya.com/tools/less-to-css/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free LESS to CSS Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert LESS to CSS? A LESS to CSS converter runs LESS source through a compiler and returns plain CSS that browsers can read. Paste code with variables, nested selectors, mixins or color functions, choose readable or compressed output, and compile locally. Your stylesheet stays in the browser throughout the conversion. This converter uses the **official Less.js compiler**, not a simplified text replacement. It supports core language features such as variables, nesting, mixins, arithmetic and built-in functions. Remote and project-relative imports are disabled, so paste dependent rules into the editor when testing a multi-file stylesheet. ## How to use it 1. **Add your LESS** - Paste a self-contained LESS snippet into the input panel, or load the example. 2. **Choose an output style** - Use Expanded for readable CSS or Compressed for a compact result. 3. **Compile in your browser** - Select Compile LESS or press Ctrl+Enter on Windows and Linux, or Command+Enter on macOS. 4. **Use the CSS** - Review the output, then copy it or download compiled.css. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** checking a legacy LESS component before moving it into a build pipeline. - **Design-system maintainers** expanding theme variables and mixins into CSS that teammates can review. - **Learners** seeing how nested selectors and Less functions become browser-ready declarations. - **Code reviewers** validating a focused LESS change without installing Node.js or lessc. ## Expert note Less evaluates variables lazily, so a variable can be declared after the rule that uses it. That differs from ordinary CSS custom properties and can surprise you when translating a LESS theme by hand. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my LESS uploaded to a server? No. Less.js loads into your browser and compiles the text on your device. The LESS and generated CSS are not sent to a compilation API. As with any website, avoid putting credentials or other secrets in a stylesheet. ### Is this LESS to CSS converter free? Yes. You can compile, copy and download CSS without an account or payment. There is no server queue because the conversion happens locally in your browser. ### How much LESS can I compile at once? The input guard allows up to 250,000 characters. That is enough for substantial snippets, but a focused component compiles faster and produces clearer error locations. Use your normal project build for a large dependency tree. ### Which LESS features does the converter support? It uses the official Less.js compiler and supports variables, nesting, mixins, guards, arithmetic, selector extension and built-in color or string functions. Features that depend on local files need their source pasted into the editor. ### Can this converter load @import files? No. Imports are disabled because a browser page cannot safely access your project folder and this tool does not fetch remote stylesheets. Paste the imported variables or mixins above your snippet, or use lessc inside the real project. ### What is the difference between LESS and CSS? CSS is the stylesheet language browsers interpret directly. LESS adds authoring features such as variables, mixins, nesting and functions, then a compiler turns those features into ordinary CSS before deployment. ### Should I ship LESS directly to a website? Compile LESS during development and ship the generated CSS for production. Precompiling avoids making visitors download and run a compiler, reduces runtime work and lets your normal asset pipeline optimize the result. ## Related tools - [SCSS to CSS](https://candoya.com/tools/scss-to-css/) - [CSS Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/) - [Markdown to HTML](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-html/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Line Counter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online line counter to count total, non-empty and blank lines instantly. Paste text and get line length stats in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Line Counter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a line counter? A line counter is a free tool that counts how many lines are in pasted text, including total lines, non-empty lines and blank lines. It also shows words, characters and line-length stats as you type, with no upload and no sign-up. This line counter runs entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript, so pasted logs, CSV snippets, notes and drafts stay on your device. It accepts Unix, Windows and old Mac line endings, then normalizes them for consistent counting. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Type or paste any text into the box above. Each line break is counted. 2. **Read the live totals** - See total lines, non-empty lines, blank lines, words and characters update instantly. 3. **Check line length** - Use the average, longest and shortest line-length stats to spot very long or empty rows. ## Who it's for - **Developers** checking logs, stack traces or pasted code snippets before sharing. - **Writers and editors** counting list items, verse lines or outline rows. - **Data teams** checking quick CSV, TSV or one-record-per-line exports. - **Support teams** measuring copied tickets, addresses or batch instructions. ## Expert note A trailing line break creates one final blank line, just like many text editors show an empty line after the cursor. That makes pasted files and terminal output easier to audit because the tool counts the separators you actually pasted. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the line counter free? Yes. The line counter is free to use with no account, no download and no usage limit. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. All counting happens locally in your browser, so your pasted text stays on your device. ### Does it count blank lines? Yes. The tool shows total lines, non-empty lines and blank lines separately, so you can decide which count matters for your task. ### Does a trailing newline count as a line? Yes. If your text ends with a line break, the counter treats the space after it as a final blank line. This matches how many editors display a trailing empty row. ### Which line endings does it support? It supports LF, CRLF and CR line endings. Windows, macOS, Linux and terminal output all count consistently. ### Can I count lines in code or CSV data? Yes. Paste code, logs, CSV, TSV or one-item-per-line lists. The tool treats the content as plain text and never tries to parse or upload it. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Paragraph Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/paragraph-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Loan Calculator - Monthly Payment & Amortization" description: "Free loan calculator: enter the amount, interest rate and term to get your monthly payment, total interest, total cost and a full month-by-month amortization schedule - live in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate a monthly loan payment? A fixed monthly loan payment is M = P·i(1+i)^n / ((1+i)^n - 1), where P is the loan amount, i is the monthly interest rate (annual rate divided by 12) and n is the number of monthly payments. This free loan calculator does that math for you and shows the monthly payment, the total interest, the total cost and a full amortization schedule - live as you type. Everything runs **locally in your browser**. Your figures are never uploaded or stored, the result updates on every keystroke, and the amortization schedule breaks each payment into interest and principal so you can see the balance fall month by month. Early payments are mostly interest and later ones mostly principal - the table makes that shift visible. It works offline once the page has loaded, and the numbers are currency-agnostic, so read them as dollars, euros, rupees or anything else. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the loan amount and rate** - Type the amount you are borrowing and the annual interest rate as a percent (for example 6.5 for 6.5%). 2. **Set the term** - Enter the length of the loan in years, plus any extra months. A 5-year loan is 5 years; a 66-month loan is 5 years and 6 extra months. 3. **Read the payment and schedule** - The monthly payment, total interest and total cost update instantly. Scroll the amortization schedule to see how each payment splits into principal and interest; use Copy to grab the monthly payment. ## Who it's for - **Car buyers** checking the real monthly payment on an auto loan before signing. - **Homeowners** estimating a mortgage payment and seeing how much of each installment is interest. - **Borrowers comparing offers** who want to see how a lower rate or a shorter term changes total interest. - **Students** checking amortization homework against the worked M = P·i(1+i)^n / ((1+i)^n - 1) formula. - **Anyone taking a personal loan** who wants the full cost, not just the headline rate. ## Expert note Watch the split, not just the payment. On a 25,000 loan at 6.5% over 5 years the monthly payment is about 489.15 and total interest is roughly 4,349 - but in the very first month around 135 of that payment is pure interest and only ~354 pays down the balance. That ratio flips over the life of the loan, which is why paying a little extra early (when the balance, and therefore the interest, is highest) saves far more than the same extra paid near the end. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this loan calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up and no limits. The whole calculation runs in your browser with plain JavaScript, so it also works offline once the page has loaded. ### Are my numbers uploaded anywhere? No. The math happens locally on your device. Nothing you type - amount, rate or term - is sent to a server, stored or shared. Close the tab and it is gone. ### What is the loan payment formula? For a fully-amortizing loan the fixed monthly payment is M = P·i(1+i)^n / ((1+i)^n - 1), where P is the loan amount, i is the monthly interest rate (the annual rate as a decimal divided by 12) and n is the total number of monthly payments. When the rate is 0 the payment is simply P divided by n. ### What is an amortization schedule? It is a month-by-month table showing how each payment is split between interest and principal, plus the balance remaining after each payment. Because interest is charged on the outstanding balance, early payments are mostly interest and later ones mostly principal, even though the total payment stays the same. ### How do I enter a term that is not a whole number of years? Use the years field for the whole years and the extra-months field for the rest. A 66-month loan is 5 years plus 6 months; a 30-month loan is 2 years plus 6 months. Leave years blank and put everything in months if you prefer. ### Does it handle a 0% interest loan? Yes. With a 0% rate there is no interest, so the payment is just the loan amount divided by the number of months and the schedule shows the balance falling by an equal amount each period. ### Which currency does it use? None in particular - the figures are currency-agnostic. Enter the amount in whatever currency you are borrowing and read the results the same way. Digits are grouped for your language, but no currency symbol is added. ## Related tools - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) - [Vesting Schedule Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/vesting-schedule/) - [Credit Card Payoff Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/credit-card-payoff/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Loop Video Online - Repeat Clips Free" description: "Loop video online by repeating an MP4, MOV, WebM, or other clip 2 to 10 times. Export locally with no upload, watermark, or account." url: https://candoya.com/tools/loop-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Loop Video Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can I loop a video online? A video looper repeats one complete clip back to back and exports the plays as one longer file. Choose a video, set 2 to 10 total plays, preview the estimated duration, then download the result. Processing runs in your browser, so the original and finished files are not uploaded. This tool uses a local WebAssembly build of FFmpeg to repeat the source streams. For compatible MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, and AVI files, stream copy keeps the original picture and audio data instead of compressing every frame again. The export is one finite video, not an infinite-play setting. Its duration and approximate size grow with the selected count, which makes it useful where a player or platform cannot repeat a short source clip by itself. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop or browse for a common video file from your device. 2. **Set total plays** - Choose how many times the full clip should appear in the exported file, from 2 to 10. 3. **Check the estimate** - Review the expected duration and approximate file size before processing. 4. **Create and download** - Run the local video engine, preview the result, and save the looped file. ## Who it's for - **Social creators** can extend short motion clips to meet a platform's preferred duration without rebuilding a timeline. - **Product teams** can repeat a short screen capture for demos, landing pages, and unattended presentations. - **Event and retail teams** can make longer files for displays whose players do not offer a reliable repeat option. - **Teachers and coaches** can repeat a short movement or process several times for easier study. ## Expert note Repeating a file makes clean joins, but it cannot turn an arbitrary shot into a visually seamless loop. For the smoothest result, trim the source so its final motion, framing, brightness, and audio naturally reconnect with the opening moment. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my videos uploaded when I make a loop? No. The selected video is read by a WebAssembly video engine inside this browser tab. The engine code downloads on first use, but your source and result are not sent to that server or stored in a CanDoYa account. Closing the tab releases the temporary browser data. ### Is the video looper free and does it add a watermark? Yes. You can repeat, preview, and download a video without an account, subscription, or watermark. The practical limits are your browser's memory and processing time. The source file limit adapts conservatively from 100 MB on mobile or low-memory devices to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### How many times can I repeat a video? You can export between 2 and 10 total plays in one file. A 3x setting means the clip appears three times, not the original plus three extra copies. Keeping the range bounded helps control browser memory because the output duration and file size scale roughly with the count. ### Does looping a video reduce its quality? The tool asks FFmpeg to copy the existing video and audio streams instead of re-encoding them, so compatible files keep their encoded quality. Some unusual codec and container combinations cannot be copied into a valid output. In that case, try a common MP4 or WebM source. ### Can this create a perfectly seamless video loop? It creates exact back-to-back copies, but visual seamlessness comes from the source footage. If the last frame differs sharply from the first, the join will be noticeable. Trim or edit the source so movement, lighting, framing, and audio meet naturally at the loop point. ### Which video formats can I loop? The browser accepts common video files including MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, MPEG, and OGG-family containers. FFmpeg must also support the codecs inside the file. The output normally keeps a compatible source container, while less common formats fall back to MP4. ### Why is the looped file much larger? The exported file contains every selected play, so size grows roughly in proportion to the count. A 20 MB clip repeated five times will usually produce a file near 100 MB, with small differences from container indexing and metadata. The estimate appears before you start. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/) - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Lorem Ipsum Generator - Free Placeholder Text" description: "Free lorem ipsum generator. Create placeholder paragraphs, sentences, words or list items instantly, copy as plain text or HTML. No sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/lorem-ipsum-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Lorem Ipsum Generator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a lorem ipsum generator? A lorem ipsum generator creates dummy placeholder text for mockups, wireframes and templates. Pick paragraphs, sentences, words or list items, set the amount, and copy the classic pseudo-Latin filler as plain text or ready-made HTML tags. It runs entirely in your browser, so the text appears instantly with no sign-up. Designers use lorem ipsum because it has a **normal-looking distribution of word lengths** without saying anything - readers judge the layout instead of the words. This generator keeps the traditional Ciceronian vocabulary, optionally opens with the famous *Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet* line so the text is instantly recognizable as filler, and can wrap the output in `` or `` tags for pasting straight into a page. Everything is generated client-side; nothing is requested from or sent to a server. ## How to use it 1. **Choose what to generate** - Pick paragraphs, sentences, words or list items and set the amount - up to 50 paragraphs, 200 sentences, 1000 words or 100 list items. 2. **Tune the output** - Toggle Start with “Lorem ipsum” to begin with the classic opening line, or HTML tags to wrap the result in or markup for direct pasting into code. 3. **Copy the text** - The placeholder text updates live, with paragraph, sentence, word and character counts underneath. Press Copy, or hit Regenerate for a fresh shuffle. ## Who it's for - **UI and web designers** filling mockups, wireframes and Figma frames with realistic-looking body copy before the real content exists. - **Front-end developers** testing typography, line height, overflow and responsive breakpoints with paragraphs of a controlled size, or dropping ready-made `` markup into a template. - **Print and email designers** flowing filler text into brochures, newsletters and CMS templates to check pagination and column balance. - **Content teams** reserving space in a draft so stakeholders review the layout without getting distracted by unfinished wording. ## Expert note The generator is seeded: changing the amount extends or trims the same text instead of reshuffling everything, so a layout you are iterating on stays visually stable - only the Regenerate button deals brand-new sentences. The vocabulary is the traditional lorem ipsum word set, a passage scrambled from Cicero's "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (45 BC) that printers have reused since the 1500s. ## Frequently asked questions ### What does lorem ipsum mean? Nothing - and that is the point. It is scrambled, grammatically broken Latin derived from Cicero's essay "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", so it reads like natural text without carrying any meaning that could distract from the design being reviewed. ### Is this lorem ipsum generator free? Yes - completely free, with no sign-up, no download and no usage limits. It is a static page that generates text with JavaScript in your browser, so it also works offline once loaded. ### Is anything sent to a server? No. The text is generated entirely in your browser from a built-in word list - there is no API call, no tracking of what you generate, and the output never leaves your device until you paste it somewhere. ### Where does lorem ipsum come from? It is a scrambled passage from sections 1.10.32-33 of Cicero's "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written in 45 BC. Printers have used it as filler since the 1500s, and Letraset transfer sheets and Aldus PageMaker made it the digital standard in the 1960s-80s. ### Why use lorem ipsum instead of real text? Real words pull attention to their meaning; reviewers start editing the copy instead of judging the layout. Lorem ipsum has a natural-looking rhythm of word and sentence lengths but no meaning, so typography, spacing and hierarchy get evaluated on their own. ### Can I generate HTML instead of plain text? Yes. Turn on the HTML tags toggle: paragraphs are wrapped in elements, list items in a with elements, ready to paste into a template or CMS without extra formatting work. ### How much text can I generate at once? Up to 50 paragraphs, 200 sentences, 1000 words or 100 list items per run - more than enough for any mockup. Need more? Copy the output, press Regenerate and copy again for a fresh, different batch. ### Is lorem ipsum copyrighted? No. The underlying text is a 2000-year-old Latin passage in the public domain, and the generated filler is meaningless pseudo-text. You can use it freely in client work, templates and commercial products - just remember to replace it before launch. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Markdown Table Generator - Visual Editor" description: "Build a Markdown table in a visual grid or convert CSV and spreadsheet data. Set column alignment, preview it live, and copy clean Markdown." url: https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-table-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Markdown Table Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a Markdown table generator? A Markdown table generator turns an editable grid, CSV, or tab-separated spreadsheet data into pipe-based Markdown table syntax. You can set each column to default, left, center, or right alignment, check the rendered preview, and copy source that works in GitHub README files and other compatible Markdown renderers. Your data stays in this browser tab. The editor formats the table locally and does not upload cell content or require an account. Markdown tables are an extension used by GitHub Flavored Markdown and many documentation systems. The generated divider row uses colons to record column alignment. ## How to use it 1. **Enter or import data** - Type in the grid, load the example, or paste CSV or tab-separated rows and choose Import data. 2. **Shape the table** - Add or remove rows and columns, then choose the alignment for each column. 3. **Check the preview** - Review the live rendered table and the padded Markdown source as you edit. 4. **Copy the Markdown** - Select Copy and paste the generated table into your README, docs, issue, or notes. ## Who it's for - **Developers** can build feature matrices and API reference tables for README files. - **Technical writers** can turn copied spreadsheet rows into clean documentation without aligning pipes by hand. - **Product teams** can format plan comparisons, release notes, and status lists for issues or wikis. - **Students and researchers** can convert small datasets into tables for Markdown notes. ## Expert note Pipes inside cells are escaped automatically, backslashes are preserved safely, and line breaks become ` ` so a cell cannot accidentally split the Markdown row. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my table data uploaded? No. The grid editor, CSV parser, Markdown formatter, and preview all run locally in your browser. Cell content is not sent to a conversion service, so you can work with private draft documentation without uploading it. ### Is this Markdown table generator free? Yes. You can create, import, preview, and copy Markdown tables for free without signing up. The editor supports tables with up to 500 data rows and 50 columns, which keeps large pasted spreadsheets responsive in the browser. ### Can I paste a table from Excel or Google Sheets? Yes. Copy a cell range from Excel, Google Sheets, Numbers, or LibreOffice and paste it into the import box. Spreadsheet apps normally place tab-separated data on the clipboard, which the automatic separator option detects before building the editable grid. ### Can I generate a Markdown table from CSV? Yes. Paste comma-separated text, leave separator detection on automatic, and select Import data. Quoted CSV fields can contain commas, line breaks, or doubled quote characters. The first imported row becomes the Markdown header. ### How do I align Markdown table columns? Choose an alignment above each column. A leading colon in the divider means left aligned, colons on both sides mean centered, and a trailing colon means right aligned. Default alignment uses dashes without colons. ### Do Markdown tables work everywhere? Markdown tables are not part of the original core Markdown syntax, but they are supported by GitHub Flavored Markdown and many documentation tools, wikis, and editors. Check the renderer used by your target platform if a preview does not display as a table. ### What happens to pipe characters and line breaks in cells? The generator adds a backslash before each pipe so it stays inside the cell instead of creating another column. Line breaks become an HTML ` ` tag, a common approach in Markdown renderers that allow inline HTML. ## Related tools - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Markdown to HTML Converter - Free Online" description: "Convert Markdown to HTML instantly with GitHub tables, task lists, code blocks and a safe preview. Copy or download the result without uploading text." url: https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-html/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Markdown to HTML Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert Markdown to HTML? A Markdown to HTML converter parses plain-text Markdown markers and returns semantic HTML for headings, paragraphs, links, lists, tables, quotes and code. Paste your source to update the HTML live, inspect it in a sandboxed preview, then copy the fragment or download it as an HTML file. The conversion runs in this browser tab, with no account or upload. The optional GitHub mode handles tables, task lists, strikethrough and extended autolinks alongside standard Markdown. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your Markdown** - Type in the editor, paste from your clipboard or load the sample document. 2. **Choose parsing options** - Keep GitHub features on for tables and task lists, and enable single line breaks only when your target expects them. 3. **Check the result** - Read the generated HTML source or switch to the isolated rendered preview. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the HTML fragment to your project or save it as an .html file. ## Who it's for - **Developers** can turn README sections and documentation into HTML for a website or CMS. - **Technical writers** can inspect the tags produced by headings, lists, links, quotes and code blocks. - **Content editors** can prepare an HTML fragment from Markdown without installing a command-line converter. - **Email and knowledge-base teams** can create reusable HTML before applying their own styles or templates. ## Expert note Markdown has no syntax-error state: ambiguous text still produces output, and different parsers can disagree. This converter uses Marked with CommonMark and GitHub Flavored Markdown behavior, so test the result in the same renderer as your final platform when exact parity matters. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my Markdown uploaded? No. Parsing, HTML generation and the rendered preview run in your browser. The preview also blocks scripts and remote resources, so pasted HTML cannot execute code or fetch an external image while you inspect the result. ### Is this Markdown to HTML converter free? Yes. You can convert, preview, copy and download HTML without an account or payment. There is no server-side conversion queue because the parser runs locally in the current browser tab. ### How much Markdown can I convert? The editor accepts up to 1,000,000 JavaScript characters per conversion. That explicit cap keeps live updates responsive for large README files and documentation drafts. Unicode characters outside the basic multilingual plane can occupy two JavaScript character units. ### Does it support GitHub Flavored Markdown? Yes. GitHub features are enabled by default, including tables, task-list items, strikethrough and extended autolinks. Turn the option off when you need output closer to core Markdown rather than GitHub's common extensions. ### What happens to raw HTML inside Markdown? Raw HTML is preserved in the generated source because Markdown permits embedded HTML. Treat copied output as untrusted if another person supplied the input. The on-page preview is sandboxed and uses a restrictive content security policy, but your destination should sanitize untrusted HTML before publishing it. ### Why do single line breaks not become br tags? Standard Markdown treats a single newline inside a paragraph as a soft break, usually rendered as a space. Enable Single line breaks when you want each newline to produce an HTML line-break element instead. ### Can I convert Markdown code blocks and tables? Yes. Fenced and indented code blocks become HTML preformatted-code elements. Pipe tables become HTML tables while GitHub features are enabled. The converter preserves a fenced code block's language label as a class that a separate syntax-highlighting library can use. ## Related tools - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [Markdown Table Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-table-generator/) - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Markdown to PDF Converter - Live Preview" description: "Convert Markdown to a formatted PDF with a live preview, A4 or Letter paper, adjustable margins and direct private download in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Markdown to PDF Converter Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do you convert Markdown to PDF? A Markdown to PDF converter turns headings, paragraphs, lists, code, quotes, links and tables into a paginated document. Paste or open a Markdown file, review the live formatted preview, choose A4 or Letter paper, then download the PDF. The text and conversion stay in your browser. This editor handles standard Markdown plus common GitHub-style tables and task lists. It exports real text rather than a screenshot, so supported text remains selectable and searchable in the finished PDF. For safety, remote images are represented by their alt text and raw HTML is shown as text. The direct download uses a compact built-in PDF font, so characters outside its Western Latin set are replaced with a visible placeholder and reported after export. ## How to use it 1. **Add your Markdown** - Type in the editor, paste from the clipboard, open a local .md file or load the sample document. 2. **Review the preview** - Check headings, lists, code, quotes, links and tables in the safe document preview as you edit. 3. **Choose the page** - Select A4 or Letter paper, compact to wide margins and a comfortable body-text size. 4. **Download the PDF** - Create the PDF locally and save the generated file. Press Ctrl+Enter or Command+Enter as a shortcut. ## Who it's for - **Developers** can turn README files, release notes and technical proposals into shareable PDFs. - **Writers and editors** can export Markdown drafts with headings, quotes and lists without installing a desktop converter. - **Project teams** can save briefs, decision records and meeting notes as stable documents for review. - **Students and researchers** can format structured notes and simple tables for submission or archiving. ## Expert note A browser PDF library and a browser print engine do not paginate text in exactly the same way. This tool lays out each Markdown block directly with pdf-lib, repeats page-number footers, and starts a new page before a block would cross the bottom margin; very tall code blocks can continue line by line on later pages. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my Markdown uploaded to a server? No. The Markdown parser, preview and PDF generator run in the current browser tab. Opening a .md file reads it locally, and downloading creates a PDF from in-memory data. Your document is not sent to a conversion service or stored in a CanDoYa account. ### Is the Markdown to PDF converter free? Yes. You can edit, preview and download PDFs without payment, a watermark or an account. The converter has a 250,000-character Markdown limit to keep live preview and page layout responsive on typical phones and laptops. ### Which Markdown formatting is supported in the PDF? The exporter formats headings, paragraphs, bold and italic emphasis, ordered and unordered lists, task markers, block quotes, fenced code, horizontal rules, links and GitHub-style tables. Link destinations are written beside their labels so the address remains visible in print. ### Can I convert a Markdown file directly? Yes. Choose Open .md and select a local .md, .markdown or plain-text file. The browser reads the text into the same editor, so you can review and change it before creating the PDF. The source file is never uploaded. ### Why does an image appear as alt text? The converter does not fetch remote images because doing so could reveal that you opened a private document and can fail because of cross-origin restrictions. It writes a visible image placeholder with the Markdown alt text instead. Add the image later in a full publishing workflow when needed. ### What happens to raw HTML in Markdown? Raw HTML is displayed as literal text rather than executed. This keeps the live preview safe and makes the PDF behavior predictable. Use ordinary Markdown for headings, links, lists, code and tables when you want those elements formatted in the downloaded document. ### Does the PDF support Unicode and emoji? The built-in PDF font covers common Western Latin text and punctuation, including many accented characters. Characters outside that font are replaced with a placeholder instead of breaking the export, and the tool reports how many replacements occurred. Your original Markdown is never changed. ## Related tools - [Image to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/) - [Markdown to HTML](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-html/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Markdown to Plain Text Converter - Free" description: "Convert Markdown to plain text instantly. Remove headings, emphasis, links, tables and code fences while keeping readable content in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-plain-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Markdown to Plain Text Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do you convert Markdown to plain text? A Markdown to plain text converter removes formatting markers while keeping the words and readable structure. Paste a README, note or AI response to strip headings, emphasis, link syntax, table pipes and code fences. The clean result updates live and stays entirely in your browser. The converter understands common Markdown plus GitHub-style tables, task lists and strikethrough. You can keep bullets and numbering for readable lists, append destinations after link text, then copy the result or save a UTF-8 .txt file. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your Markdown** - Type in the left editor, paste your source or load the realistic example. 2. **Choose what to preserve** - Keep list markers for bullets and numbering, or include each link destination after its visible label. 3. **Review the live result** - Read the clean text on the right and check the conversion summary below the editors. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the result to your clipboard or download it as a UTF-8 plain-text file. ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** can move Markdown drafts into email, forms or publishing fields that accept only unformatted text. - **AI users** can remove headings, bold markers and code fences before pasting a response into a document or prompt. - **Developers** can extract readable content from README files, issue templates and documentation notes. - **Content teams** can prepare clean source text for search indexes, text-to-speech tools and word-count workflows. ## Expert note The converter parses Markdown structure instead of deleting punctuation with one broad regular expression. That distinction keeps literal asterisks in code, removes table separator rows, preserves image alt text and avoids damaging ordinary hyphenated words. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my Markdown uploaded? No. Parsing and plain-text generation happen in your browser after the page loads. Your draft is not sent to a conversion server, which makes the tool suitable for unpublished notes, internal documentation and other text you do not want to upload for processing. ### Is this Markdown to plain text converter free? Yes. You can convert, copy and download plain text without payment or an account. There is no server queue or usage credit because the conversion runs locally in the current browser tab. ### How much Markdown can I convert? The live editor accepts up to 1,000,000 JavaScript characters per conversion. The explicit limit protects browser responsiveness for unusually large documents. Most README files, articles, notes and AI responses are far below that size. ### What happens to Markdown links and images? Links keep their visible label, while images keep their alt text. Turn on Keep link URLs when you also need each destination in parentheses. Image source URLs are removed because they are not part of the image's readable description. ### Does it preserve lists and task items? Yes. Bullets, numbering and checked or unchecked task markers are kept by default so the result remains easy to scan. Turn off Keep list markers when you want only the item text, with one item per line. ### How are Markdown tables converted? Each table row becomes one plain-text line, and cells are separated with tab characters. The Markdown alignment row made from dashes and pipes is discarded. This makes the result easier to paste into spreadsheets and other tab-aware editors. ### Is code inside Markdown preserved? Yes. Inline backticks and fenced-code markers are removed, but the code text inside them remains. The parser treats code as literal content, so asterisks, underscores and hash characters inside code are not mistaken for formatting. ## Related tools - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Smart Quotes Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/smart-quotes-converter/) - [Text Statistics Dashboard](https://candoya.com/tools/text-statistics-dashboard/) - [Whitespace Visualizer](https://candoya.com/tools/whitespace-visualizer/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Markup vs Margin Calculator and Converter" description: "Convert markup to margin or margin to markup instantly. Compare the two profit percentages and see the price from any sample cost." url: https://candoya.com/tools/markup-vs-margin/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Markup vs Margin Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is the difference between markup and margin? Markup and margin describe the same gross profit with different bases. Markup divides profit by cost, while margin divides profit by selling price. This markup vs margin calculator converts either percentage into its exact equivalent and shows the price multiplier, sample selling price and profit behind the result. The converter uses **gross profit before overhead and tax**. Choose which percentage you know, enter it, and optionally change the sample cost. All calculations happen in your browser, with no account or upload. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the direction** - Select markup to margin or margin to markup based on the percentage you already know. 2. **Enter the percentage** - Type the known markup or gross margin. The equivalent percentage updates immediately. 3. **Add a sample cost** - Use any non-negative cost to see the matching selling price, gross profit and price multiplier. 4. **Copy the comparison** - Copy both percentages and the sample pricing values into a quote, plan or spreadsheet. ## Who it's for - **Retail buyers** translating a supplier's markup into the gross margin used in a merchandise plan. - **Contractors and agencies** turning a required project margin into the markup needed on direct cost. - **Marketplace sellers** checking whether a cost-based price produces the margin expected after direct fees. - **Finance and sales teams** agreeing on the denominator before comparing profitability targets. ## Expert note A 40% margin does not mean adding 40% to cost. It requires a 66.67% markup because the selling price must be cost divided by 0.60. By contrast, adding a 40% markup produces only a 28.57% margin. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my pricing data uploaded? No. The percentage conversion and sample pricing calculation run locally in your browser. The tool does not upload, store or send the markup, margin or cost you enter to a calculation service. ### Is this markup vs margin calculator free? Yes. You can convert markup and margin, change the sample cost, use the reference table and copy results without an account, payment or usage limit. ### What limits apply to the calculator? Markup can range from 0% to 100,000%. Margin can range from 0% up to, but not including, 100%. A 100% margin would require an infinite selling price when cost is above zero, so it has no finite markup equivalent. ### How do you convert markup to margin? Divide markup by 100 plus the markup, then multiply by 100. For example, 50 divided by 150 gives a 33.33% margin. In decimal form, the formula is margin equals markup divided by one plus markup. ### How do you convert margin to markup? Divide margin by 100 minus the margin, then multiply by 100. A 40% margin becomes 40 divided by 60, or a 66.67% markup. In decimal form, markup equals margin divided by one minus margin. ### Why is markup higher than margin? For a profitable sale, markup divides profit by the smaller cost amount while margin divides the same profit by the larger selling price. The different denominator makes markup numerically higher, except at zero profit when both percentages are 0%. ### Does the calculator include tax, overhead or fees? No separate adjustments are applied. Use a sample cost that includes every direct cost you want reflected in gross profit. Overhead, income tax and other operating expenses normally belong in net profit analysis rather than this gross margin conversion. ### Can I use the result in a spreadsheet? Yes. The same formulas work in a spreadsheet. For a margin in cell A1, use A1 divided by one minus A1 to get markup. For a markup in A1, use A1 divided by one plus A1 to get margin, with the cells formatted as percentages. ## Related tools - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Gross Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/gross-margin-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/) - [Unit Price Comparison](https://candoya.com/tools/unit-price-comparison/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Matrix Calculator - Multiply, Invert and Solve" description: "Use this matrix calculator to add, subtract, multiply, transpose, invert, find determinants, and calculate RREF. Free, private, and instant." url: https://candoya.com/tools/matrix-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Matrix Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a matrix calculator do? A matrix calculator performs linear algebra operations on arrays of numbers. Enter matrices to add, subtract, or multiply them, or use one matrix to find its transpose, determinant, inverse, or reduced row echelon form. Results update in your browser, with dimension checks that explain incompatible or singular inputs. This calculator supports rectangular matrices up to 10 by 10. Addition and subtraction need matching dimensions. For A × B, the column count of A must equal the row count of B. Determinants and inverses require square matrices, while transpose and RREF also work on rectangular inputs. Calculations use standard browser floating-point arithmetic, and displayed results are rounded to 10 significant digits. This is a numerical calculator rather than a symbolic algebra system. Your matrix entries stay on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an operation** - Select addition, subtraction, multiplication, transpose, determinant, inverse, or RREF. 2. **Enter each matrix** - Put one row on each line and separate values with spaces or commas. Scientific notation is supported. 3. **Check the result** - The calculator validates the dimensions and updates the result as you type. 4. **Copy the matrix** - Copy the tab-separated result into a spreadsheet, notes app, or homework document. ## Who it's for - Check matrix arithmetic and row-reduction exercises for a linear algebra class. - Multiply transformation matrices used in graphics, robotics, or coordinate geometry. - Test whether a square matrix is invertible before solving a system. - Prepare tab-separated matrix results for a spreadsheet or technical note. ## Expert note The determinant and inverse calculations use partial pivoting: each elimination step chooses the largest available pivot in that column. This reduces avoidable rounding error compared with always using the next diagonal entry, especially when a leading value is tiny or zero. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my matrices uploaded? No. The parser and all matrix operations run in your browser. Your entries are not sent to a calculation service, stored on a server, or attached to an account. ### Is this matrix calculator free? Yes. You can calculate as many matrices as you need without payment, sign-up, or a download. The result appears as soon as the required inputs are valid. ### What matrix sizes are supported? Each matrix can contain up to 10 rows and 10 columns. Rectangular matrices work for transpose and RREF, and they work for multiplication when the inner dimensions match. Determinants and inverses require square matrices. ### How do I multiply two matrices? Choose Multiply A × B. Matrix A must have the same number of columns as Matrix B has rows. Each result entry is the dot product of one row from A and one column from B, so the order matters. ### Why does a matrix have no inverse? A square matrix has an inverse only when it is non-singular, which means its determinant is not zero. The calculator detects a missing usable pivot during Gauss-Jordan elimination and reports the matrix as singular instead of dividing by zero. ### What is reduced row echelon form? Reduced row echelon form, or RREF, is a standardized matrix form made with row operations. Every leading entry is 1, each pivot is the only nonzero entry in its column, and pivot positions move right as you go down. ### Can I enter decimals and negative numbers? Yes. Entries may be integers, negative values, decimals, or scientific notation such as 1e-5. Separate values with spaces or commas, and start each matrix row on a new line. ## Related tools - [Quadratic Equation Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/quadratic-equation-solver/) - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/) - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Maze Generator - Create Random Perfect Mazes Online" description: "Generate random perfect mazes online with adjustable size, view the solution path, and download as PNG or SVG. No sign-up required - runs entirely in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/maze-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Maze Generator Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What is a maze generator? A maze generator is a free tool that creates random, solvable perfect mazes of any size (5x5 to 50x50 cells) using recursive backtracking. Adjust the width and height, regenerate instantly, toggle the solution path overlay, and download your maze as PNG or SVG - all in your browser with no upload. This maze generator creates perfect mazes (exactly one path between any two cells, no loops) using a proven recursive backtracking algorithm. Every maze is solvable, and you can instantly see the solution path from start (top-left) to end (bottom-right). The tool runs entirely in your browser, so your mazes are never uploaded or stored anywhere. ## How to use it 1. **Set the maze size** - Use the width and height sliders or number inputs to choose a grid size between 5 and 50 cells. 2. **Generate the maze** - Click Regenerate to create a new random perfect maze with the current dimensions. 3. **View the solution (optional)** - Check the 'Show solution path' box to overlay the path from start to end in blue. 4. **Download or copy** - Copy the maze to your clipboard, download as PNG (raster) for printing, or download as SVG (vector) for editing. ## Who it's for - **Educators and parents** can generate printable mazes for classroom activities, homework, or rainy-day entertainment for kids. - **Game developers** can use the algorithm and SVG export as a foundation for procedural dungeon or level generation. - **Puzzle enthusiasts** can create custom maze sizes for personal collections, print them for solving, or share them with friends. - **Graphic designers** can export mazes as vector graphics (SVG) for use in posters, book covers, or interactive media. ## Expert note Perfect mazes generated by recursive backtracking produce long, winding corridors with few dead ends - a distinctive aesthetic compared to other algorithms like Prim's or Kruskal's, which create more branching paths. This makes them ideal for printable puzzles and educational use. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the maze generator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, no limits. Generate as many mazes as you want, in any size from 5x5 to 50x50 cells. ### Is my maze data uploaded anywhere? No. The maze is generated, rendered, and downloaded entirely in your browser. CanDoYa never receives the maze data or any information about what you generate. ### What is a perfect maze? A perfect maze is a maze with exactly one path between any two cells and no loops. Every cell is reachable from every other cell, and there is only one way to get from the start to the end. ### Can I print the maze? Yes. Download the PNG version to print directly, or download the SVG to edit the line thickness, colors, or size in a vector editor before printing. ### What algorithm does it use? The tool uses recursive backtracking (depth-first search), a fast and proven method that carves passages through a grid by removing walls between unvisited cells. ### How do I solve the maze? Toggle 'Show solution path' to see the blue line from the top-left corner (start) to the bottom-right corner (end). The solution is found using breadth-first search. ### Can I use the SVG in my own project? Yes. The SVG export is a standard vector graphic that you can edit in Inkscape, Adobe Illustrator, Figma, or any vector editor, or embed in a web page. ## Related tools - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/) - [Reaction Time Test](https://candoya.com/tools/reaction-time-test/) - [Typing Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/) - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Mean, Median, Mode Calculator - Average" description: "Free mean median mode calculator: paste a list of numbers and get the mean (average), median, mode, range, sum, count and standard deviation instantly. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Mean, Median & Mode Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you find the mean, median and mode? The mean is the sum of all values divided by how many there are, the median is the middle value when the numbers are sorted, and the mode is the value that appears most often. This free calculator finds all three from your list at once, plus the range, sum, count, minimum, maximum and standard deviation - entirely in your browser. Everything runs locally. Your numbers are parsed in the browser, the statistics are computed on the page, and nothing is uploaded or stored. Enter as many values as you like, separated by commas, spaces or new lines; the results update as you type and work offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your numbers** - Paste or type your values into the box - separated by commas, spaces, or new lines. Decimals and negative numbers are fine. 2. **Read the averages** - The mean, median and mode appear immediately at the top, with the count, sum, range, minimum, maximum and standard deviation in the grid below. 3. **Copy the results** - Use Copy results to grab every statistic as text, ready to paste into your homework, report, or spreadsheet. ## Who it's for - **Students** checking mean, median and mode for a maths or statistics assignment without a graphing calculator or spreadsheet. - **Teachers** demonstrating how the three averages differ - and how an outlier pulls the mean but not the median - with live numbers a class can change. - **Analysts** getting a quick summary of a small data set (sum, average, spread) before pasting it into a report. - **Anyone** averaging test scores, prices, times or measurements and wanting the middle value and most common value too. - **Spreadsheet users** who want the same answers as Excel's AVERAGE, MEDIAN and MODE functions with the count, range and standard deviation shown side by side. ## Expert note The three averages answer different questions, and the gap between them is itself informative. The mean uses every value, so a single outlier (one very large or very small number) drags it away from the bulk of the data - which is exactly why median household income is reported instead of mean income. The median ignores how extreme the outliers are and reports the true middle, so when the mean and median differ a lot, your data is skewed. The mode is the only average that also works for non-numeric categories, and a data set can have no mode (all values unique) or several (multimodal) - this tool flags both cases instead of hiding them. For spread, note that the sample standard deviation shown here divides by n-1 (matching Excel's STDEV and most statistics courses), while the population figure divides by n; use the sample one unless your list is the entire population. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the mean median mode calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, and no limit on how many numbers you enter. The whole calculation runs in your browser and your data is never uploaded. ### What is the difference between mean, median and mode? The mean is the arithmetic average (add everything up, divide by the count). The median is the middle value once the numbers are sorted. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently. They can all be different - for example {1, 2, 2, 9} has a mean of 3.5, a median of 2, and a mode of 2. ### How is the median found for an even number of values? When there is an even count, there is no single middle value, so the median is the average of the two middle numbers after sorting. For {2, 4, 6, 8} the two middle values are 4 and 6, so the median is 5. ### Can a set of numbers have more than one mode? Yes. If two or more values tie for the highest frequency, the data is multimodal and this calculator lists every mode. If every value appears the same number of times (for example all unique), there is no mode, and the tool says so rather than picking one arbitrarily. ### What does this calculator work out besides the averages? Along with mean, median and mode it shows the count, sum, minimum, maximum, range (max minus min), and both the sample and population standard deviation and variance - the full summary for a small data set. ### Which standard deviation should I use, sample or population? Use the sample standard deviation (dividing by n-1) when your numbers are a sample drawn from a larger group - this is what Excel's STDEV and most statistics courses use. Use the population value (dividing by n) only when your list is the entire population you care about. ### Does this match Excel's AVERAGE and MEDIAN functions? Yes. The mean matches Excel's AVERAGE, the median matches MEDIAN, and the sample standard deviation matches STDEV. The mode matches MODE.MULT (Excel can return several modes too). ## Related tools - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Median Calculator with Mode and Steps" description: "Use this median calculator to find the middle value, mode, sorted positions, and frequencies for any number set. Free and private in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/median-mode-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Median & Mode Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How does a median and mode calculator work? A median and mode calculator sorts your numbers to find the middle value, then counts each value to identify the most frequent one. This calculator highlights the exact middle position or pair, lists every tied mode, and shows a frequency table so you can verify both results at a glance. **Median and mode describe a data set without relying on its arithmetic average.** Paste decimal values separated by commas, spaces, semicolons, or new lines. The calculation runs locally and updates as you type, so your number set is not uploaded or stored. For an odd-sized set, the median is the single middle value after sorting. For an even-sized set, it is the average of the two middle values. A mode must occur more than once here; if several values share the highest repeated frequency, the calculator reports every one. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the data set** - Paste or type up to 2,000 numbers. Separate values with commas, spaces, semicolons, or new lines. Decimals, negative numbers, and scientific notation are accepted. 2. **Check the median positions** - Read the median card, then inspect the highlighted value or pair in the ascending list to see exactly how it was found. 3. **Review the modes** - Use the frequency table to confirm which value repeats most. Every value tied at the highest repeated count is included. 4. **Copy the summary** - Copy the median, mode, count, and complete sorted list into a worksheet, report, or note. ## Who it's for - **Students** can check homework and see which sorted positions create the median instead of receiving only an unexplained answer. - **Teachers** can demonstrate odd, even, bimodal, and no-mode examples with a frequency table that changes live. - **Researchers** can inspect the middle and most common responses in a small numeric survey or experiment data set. - **Business teams** can compare the typical sale, delivery time, rating, or order size without letting one extreme value define the center. ## Expert note A median stays stable when an outlier moves farther away, but it can still change when values are added or removed around the middle. Mode follows frequency rather than numeric size, so two distant values can both be modes. This calculator treats an all-unique set as having no mode and reports every repeated value tied for the highest count. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my data uploaded to calculate the median and mode? No. Parsing, sorting, and frequency counting all happen in your browser. The values you enter are not sent to a calculation server or saved by this tool. Once the page is loaded, the calculator can continue working without a network connection. ### Is the median and mode calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use, requires no account, and has no paid result screen. You can calculate and copy results repeatedly. The only per-calculation limit is 2,000 input values, which keeps live sorting and the visual breakdown responsive. ### How do you find the median of an even number of values? Sort the values from smallest to largest, locate the two middle positions, and take their arithmetic average. For 2, 4, 7, and 9, the middle values are 4 and 7, so the median is 5.5. The calculator highlights both positions. ### Can a data set have more than one mode? Yes. A set is bimodal when two values tie for the highest repeated frequency and multimodal when more than two tie. For 1, 1, 3, 3, 8, both 1 and 3 are modes because each appears twice. The calculator lists every tied mode. ### What happens when no number repeats? The calculator reports no mode when every entered value occurs once. Although all values technically share the same frequency of one, no value occurs more often than the others, so describing the set as having no mode is the clearest convention for ordinary statistics work. ### Does the calculator accept decimals and negative numbers? Yes. It accepts signed decimals and scientific notation, including values such as -2.5, .75, and 1e3. Use a decimal point rather than a thousands separator because commas separate values. Words, currency symbols, NaN, and infinite values produce a clear input error. ### What is the difference between median and mode? The median is positional: it is the center after numerical sorting. The mode is based on frequency: it is the value or values that appear most often. Median requires ordered numeric data, while mode can also describe categories in general, though this calculator accepts numbers only. ## Related tools - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Meeting Time Planner Across Time Zones" description: "Meeting time planner for finding shared working hours across time zones. Compare up to six people with DST-aware local times. No sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Meeting Time Planner Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a meeting time planner? A meeting time planner finds the hours when people in different time zones are available at the same time. Choose a date, add each participant's city-based time zone and working hours, then compare ranked meeting slots in every person's local time. This planner runs entirely in your browser and uses the IANA time-zone data built into modern browsers. Nothing is uploaded. It checks a full local day in 15-minute steps, filters slots by your meeting length, then ranks valid options toward the middle of each participant's workday. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the date and length** - Pick the meeting date and select a duration from 15 minutes to four hours. 2. **Add each participant** - Choose a city-based IANA time zone and set normal work start and end times for each person. 3. **Compare the ranked slots** - Review the best matches with the exact local date and time shown for every participant. 4. **Copy a meeting option** - Copy one slot or all suggestions into a message, agenda or calendar invite. ## Who it's for - **Remote teams** arranging stand-ups, planning sessions and one-to-ones across offices. - **Recruiters** coordinating interviews between candidates and hiring panels in different countries. - **Client services** finding a reasonable call time without asking anyone to join before or after work. - **Webinar hosts** checking which start time reaches the most important regions during business hours. - **Operations teams** planning handoffs where working days overlap for a short window. ## Expert note Use a city-based zone such as America/New_York instead of a fixed label such as EST. The city zone applies the correct daylight-saving offset for the chosen date, and the ranking favors slots near each person's workday midpoint rather than simply returning the earliest overlap. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my team schedule uploaded anywhere? No. The date, time zones and work hours stay in your browser. The planner performs every overlap calculation on your device and does not send the schedule to a server or save it to an account. ### Is the meeting time planner free? Yes. You can compare dates, work hours and meeting lengths for free, with no sign-up or download. The current planner supports up to six participants in one comparison. ### How many time zones can I compare? You can add two to six participants. Each participant can use a different IANA time zone and a separate start and end time, so people in the same city can still have different working hours. ### Does the planner handle daylight saving time? Yes. It uses the browser's IANA time-zone rules for the exact date you choose. That accounts for regions that enter or leave daylight saving on different dates, as long as your browser and operating system have current time-zone data. ### How does it choose the best meeting time? The planner first removes every slot that falls outside anyone's working hours or cannot fit the selected meeting length. It then ranks the remaining 15-minute slots by how close the meeting midpoint is to the middle of each participant's workday. ### Can I plan an overnight shift? Not in the current version. Each workday must end after it starts on the same local day. For an overnight worker, enter the daytime portion that person can use for this meeting, or compare the next date separately. ### Why can the local date differ between participants? One instant can fall on different calendar dates around the world. A late afternoon meeting in California may already be the next morning in Asia, so every suggestion includes the local weekday and date for each participant. ## Related tools - [Time Zone Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/) - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Merge PDF Files - Free Online PDF Merger" description: "Merge PDF files into one document free, right in your browser. No upload, no sign-up, no file limits - combine PDFs in any order and download instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Merge PDF Files Free Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I merge PDF files into one? Add two or more PDFs to this free merger, drag them into the order you want, and click Merge. It combines every page into a single PDF you download instantly. Unlike most PDF sites, nothing is uploaded - the merging runs entirely in your browser, so confidential files stay on your device. Most online PDF mergers **upload your files to their servers**, then impose size caps, daily limits, or watermarks to push you onto a paid plan. This tool works differently: it uses your own browser to read and combine the PDFs, so there is nothing to upload, no queue to wait in, and no limit on how many files or pages you merge. Contracts, invoices, medical records and other sensitive documents never leave your computer. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDFs** - Drop two or more PDF files onto the box, or click it to pick them. Each file shows its size and page count. 2. **Put them in order** - Use the up and down arrows to arrange the files - pages are merged in list order, top to bottom. Remove any file you added by mistake. 3. **Merge and download** - Click Merge PDFs, then download the combined file. The page order inside each PDF is preserved exactly. ## Who it's for - **Job applicants** combining a cover letter, CV, and certificates into the single PDF an application portal expects. - **Freelancers and small businesses** joining an invoice with its timesheet or receipts before sending it to a client. - **Students and researchers** stitching lecture notes, scanned chapters, and papers into one readable study file. - **Legal and admin teams** assembling signed contracts, annexes, and ID scans into one dossier without exposing them to a third-party server. ## Expert note Password-protected PDFs can't be merged directly - decrypting them isn't possible without the password, and copying their pages while ignoring encryption produces blank output. If a file is rejected as protected, open it with its password and re-save an unlocked copy first, then merge. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. The merging runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript - your files are never sent anywhere. You can even load the page, disconnect from the internet, and still merge. That makes it safe for contracts, medical records, and other confidential documents. ### Is this PDF merger really free? Yes - completely free, with no sign-up, no watermark, and no daily merge quota. Because your own browser does the work instead of a server, there is no processing cost for us to pass on to you. ### Is there a limit on file size or number of PDFs? There is no fixed limit - you can merge as many PDFs as you like. The practical ceiling is your device's memory, since the browser holds the files while combining them. Hundreds of pages merge in seconds on a typical laptop or phone. ### Can I change the order of the PDFs before merging? Yes. Files are merged top to bottom in the list order shown, and each file displays its page count so you know what you are combining. Use the up and down arrows to rearrange files, or the remove button to drop one, before you click Merge. ### Why is my password-protected PDF rejected? Encrypted PDFs can't be read without their password, so the merger refuses them rather than produce blank pages. Open the file in a PDF viewer with its password, save an unlocked copy (print to PDF works in most browsers), and add that copy instead. ### Does merging reduce the quality of my PDFs? No. Merging copies each page's content exactly as it is - text, images, and vector graphics are not recompressed or rescaled. The merged file is typically about the sum of the originals' sizes, and every page looks identical to its source. ### Can I merge the same PDF more than once? Yes. Add the same file twice and its pages appear twice in the merged document - useful for duplicating a form or cover sheet. Each copy is listed separately, so you can position them anywhere in the order. ## Related tools - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Extract PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Mesh Gradient Generator - CSS and PNG" description: "Free mesh gradient generator with draggable color points, live CSS, presets and PNG export. Create a polished background in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/mesh-gradient-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Mesh Gradient Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a mesh gradient generator? A mesh gradient generator blends several independently placed color points into one soft, dimensional background. Drag each point to shape the composition, adjust the blend, choose a preset, then copy layered CSS or download a 1600 x 1000 PNG. The design is created locally in your browser. A standard gradient travels along one line or radiates from one center. This editor layers several radial color fields instead, so you can place highlights and shadows where the composition needs them. The result works well behind **hero sections, presentation covers, social graphics and product mockups**. Nothing is uploaded and no account is required. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a starting palette** - Open Aurora, Sunset or Lagoon, or use Randomize to generate a fresh four-color composition. 2. **Shape the mesh** - Drag the numbered points across the preview. Change any swatch, add up to six points and tune the blend softness. 3. **Export the result** - Copy the layered CSS for a website or download a 1600 x 1000 PNG for slides, artwork and mockups. ## Who it's for - **Web designers** building a distinctive hero or callout background that remains editable as CSS. - **Product teams** creating soft branded fields for empty states, launch pages and feature artwork. - **Presentation designers** exporting a high-resolution backdrop without opening a desktop graphics app. - **Developers** who want production-ready layered radial gradients instead of a fixed stock image. ## Expert note Browsers do not yet offer one universal CSS property for a freeform gradient mesh. This tool uses several radial-gradient() layers, which keeps the result copyable and broadly compatible; PNG export is the safer choice when another app must reproduce the exact rendering. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this mesh gradient generator free? Yes. You can create, copy and download as many mesh gradients as you need without an account, subscription or watermark. ### Is my gradient uploaded anywhere? No. Point movement, color blending, CSS generation and PNG rendering all happen locally in your browser. The tool does not upload your palette or exported image. ### How many color points can I use? You can use between three and six points. Three creates a calmer composition, while five or six can add depth. More points are not always better because too many nearby colors can produce muddy transitions. ### Can CSS create a real mesh gradient? CSS has no single freeform mesh-gradient function. The practical web technique is to layer radial-gradient() functions at separate positions. This generator produces that browser-ready approximation and also exports a PNG when exact appearance matters. ### Can I download the mesh gradient as a PNG? Yes. Download PNG renders the current colors, positions and softness to a 1600 x 1000 image in your browser. It is suitable for slide backgrounds, banners, mockups and large web artwork. ### What is the difference between a mesh gradient and a linear gradient? A linear gradient blends colors along one straight axis. A mesh gradient distributes several color sources across two dimensions, creating softer pools of color and a more organic sense of depth. ## Related tools - [CSS Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-gradient-generator/) - [Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/gradient-generator/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [SVG Pattern Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Meta Tag Generator - Free SEO & Open Graph Tags" description: "Free meta tag generator that builds SEO, Open Graph, and Twitter Card HTML from your page details. Live preview, no sign-up - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Meta Tag Generator Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is a meta tag generator? A meta tag generator turns your page title, description, and social details into the exact HTML meta tags a page needs - the SEO title and description plus Open Graph (og:) and Twitter Card tags. Fill in the fields and it writes escaped, copy-ready markup live. Everything runs in your browser, so nothing is uploaded. Meta tags live in the `` of a page and tell search engines and social platforms how to display it. This generator builds the whole set at once: the title and meta description Google shows in results, the canonical and robots directives, and the Open Graph and Twitter Card tags that control the image, title, and text when someone shares your link. It escapes every value you type, so a stray quote or angle bracket in a title can never break the markup, and it skips any field you leave blank instead of emitting an empty tag. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your page details** - Type the page title and meta description, then add the canonical URL and, if you want, an og:image and site name. 2. **Set the social options** - Pick the og:type, choose a Twitter card size, and add your Twitter handle. The og:url defaults to the canonical URL. 3. **Watch the live preview** - A Google-style result and a social card update as you type so you can see how the page will look when it is found or shared. 4. **Copy the meta tags** - The HTML regenerates live. Copy it and paste it into the head of your page. ## Who it's for - **SEO specialists** writing a clean title and meta description and checking them against Google's length limits. - **Web developers** who need ready-to-paste Open Graph and Twitter Card tags for a page template. - **Marketers** setting the image, title, and description that appear when a link is shared on social media. - **Bloggers and store owners** adding proper meta tags without a plugin or CMS setting. ## Expert note The title, og:title, and twitter:title serve three different surfaces - the search result, the social card, and the tweet - but there is rarely a reason to differ, so this tool keeps them in sync from one field. If you ever need them apart, edit the output after copying; the escaping still holds because each value is encoded once when generated. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the meta tag generator free? Yes - it is completely free, with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. The title, description, and URLs you enter are turned into HTML meta tags locally in your browser and are never sent to a server. ### What meta tags does it generate? It builds the title tag, meta description, canonical link, robots directive, the Open Graph set (og:type, og:title, og:description, og:url, og:image, og:site_name), and the Twitter Card tags (twitter:card, twitter:title, twitter:description, twitter:image, twitter:site). ### How long should the title and description be? Aim for a title under about 60 characters and a meta description of roughly 50 to 160 characters. The tool flags anything longer, since Google truncates titles and descriptions that overflow those limits in search results. ### What is the difference between og:image and twitter:image? og:image is the picture shown when your link is shared on Facebook, LinkedIn, and most platforms; twitter:image is the equivalent for X/Twitter cards. This tool uses the same image URL for both, which is the usual setup - a single 1200x630 image works everywhere. ### Where do I paste the generated meta tags? Put them inside the element of your page's HTML, alongside any existing meta tags. Then you can validate the social tags with Facebook's Sharing Debugger or the Twitter Card Validator. ## Related tools - [Open Graph Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/) - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/) - [Topical Map Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Meters to Feet Converter (m to ft) with Inches" description: "Free meters to feet converter. Type a length in meters and get feet, plus the exact feet and inches - instant, no sign-up, runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/meters-to-feet/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Meters to Feet Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert meters to feet? Multiply the length in meters by 3.280839895 to get feet, because one foot is defined as exactly 0.3048 meters. So 1 meter is about 3.28 feet, and 5 meters is 16.4042 feet. This free converter does it as you type and also shows the answer as whole feet plus inches, all in your browser. The conversion is exact, not an estimate: since 1959 the international foot has been defined as precisely 0.3048 meters, which makes 1 meter equal to 1 / 0.3048 = 3.280839895 feet. Enter a value and the result updates instantly - the big number is decimal feet, and the line beneath it breaks the same length into whole feet and inches (the way heights and room sizes are usually written). Use the toggle or the swap button to convert feet back to meters, where the breakdown shows centimeters instead. Everything is computed on the page; nothing is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the length in meters** - Type a number in the meters field. Decimals are fine - use a dot or a comma, e.g. 1.75 or 1,75. 2. **Read the result in feet** - The feet value appears instantly, with the same length shown as whole feet plus inches directly beneath it. 3. **Copy or reverse it** - Use Copy result to grab both figures, or switch the toggle to convert feet back to meters and centimeters. ## Who it's for - **Anyone reading a height** - turn 1.75 m or 1.80 m into feet and inches to see it as 5 ft 8.9 in or 5 ft 10.9 in. - **DIY, building and real estate** converting room dimensions, ceiling heights or plot lengths from meters to feet for a US or UK audience. - **Travellers and hikers** reading a trail sign or map elevation in meters and wanting the figure in feet. - **Students and engineers** checking a meters-to-feet conversion with the exact factor spelled out, not a rounded 3.28. - **Sports and aviation** converting a swim distance, throw or altitude between the metric and imperial length units. ## Expert note The factor is exact by definition, so treat 3.28 as a rounding, not the true value: 1 meter is 3.280839895 feet, and using 3.28 introduces about a quarter of an inch of error every 30 meters. Note too that the meters-to-feet result is decimal feet, where the digits after the point are tenths of a foot, not inches - 5.5 feet is 5 feet 6 inches, not 5 feet 5 inches - which is exactly why this tool prints the feet-and-inches breakdown as well. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the meters to feet converter free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. The conversion runs entirely in your browser and nothing you enter is uploaded or stored. ### How many feet are in a meter? One meter equals 3.280839895 feet, usually rounded to 3.28 feet. That is 3 feet and about 3.37 inches. The figure is exact because a foot is defined as 0.3048 meters, so a meter is 1 / 0.3048 feet. ### How do I convert meters to feet and inches? First convert to decimal feet by multiplying meters by 3.28084. Then keep the whole number of feet and multiply the leftover decimal by 12 to get inches. For 1.75 m: 5.7415 ft, so 5 feet and 0.7415 x 12 = about 8.9 inches - 5 ft 8.9 in. This tool does both steps for you. ### What is 1 meter in feet? 1 meter is 3.280839895 feet, which is 3 feet 3.37 inches. Two meters is 6.5617 feet (6 ft 6.7 in) and 10 meters is 32.808 feet (32 ft 9.7 in). ### Is a meter longer than a foot? Yes. One meter is a little over three and a quarter feet, so it is more than three times the length of a single foot. A foot is 0.3048 meters, roughly 30.5 centimeters. ### Why is 1 meter exactly 3.28084 feet? Because the international foot has been defined as exactly 0.3048 meters since 1959. Dividing 1 by 0.3048 gives 3.280839895..., which rounds to 3.28084. It is a definition, not a measurement, so the conversion is exact. ### Can I convert feet back to meters here? Yes. Use the toggle or the swap arrows to switch to feet-to-meters. Enter a length in feet and it returns meters, with centimeters shown beneath. One foot is 0.3048 meters, or 30.48 centimeters. --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Online Metronome with Tap Tempo" description: "Free online metronome with tap tempo, subdivisions, time signatures, downbeat accent, and precise browser-scheduled clicks from 30 to 300 BPM." url: https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Metronome Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an online metronome? An online metronome produces an even click at your chosen beats per minute so you can practice steady timing without installing an app. Set or tap the tempo, choose a time signature and subdivision, then follow the audible click and visual beat marker. Audio is generated on your device after you press Start. The click uses your browser's Web Audio clock rather than treating a JavaScript timer as the beat. A short look-ahead loop schedules each sound on that audio timeline, which keeps ordinary page rendering delays from accumulating into tempo drift. The tab pauses the metronome when it moves to the background because mobile browsers may throttle timers or interrupt audio there. ## How to use it 1. **Set or tap the tempo** - Enter a BPM from 30 to 300, move the slider, choose a preset, or tap the Tap tempo control at least twice. 2. **Choose the pulse** - Select 2 to 12 beats per bar and quarter-note, eighth-note, triplet, or sixteenth-note subdivisions. 3. **Set the sound** - Keep the first-beat accent on when you want a clear downbeat, then adjust the volume before you begin. 4. **Start and practice** - Press Start metronome or use Space when focus is outside a control. Follow the click and beat markers, then pause when you are done. ## Who it's for - **Instrument practice** - slow a difficult passage down, play it cleanly, then raise the tempo in small steps. - **Rhythm and subdivision drills** - hear eighth notes, triplets, or sixteenth notes between the main beats. - **Songwriting and rehearsal** - tap along to an idea or reference track, then practice against the measured BPM. - **Odd-meter practice** - use 5, 7, or more beats per bar with an accented first beat to keep your place. ## Expert note A subdivision click divides every selected BPM beat; it does not multiply the displayed tempo. At 90 BPM with triplets, the main pulse remains 90 beats per minute while three evenly spaced clicks mark each beat. Start slower than your target, and increase only after the passage stays relaxed and even. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this online metronome free? Yes. The metronome is free to use with no account, download, session limit, or locked tempo range. It includes tap tempo, 2 to 12 beats per bar, four subdivision choices, a downbeat accent, volume control, and visual beat markers. ### Does the metronome upload or record audio? No. The page does not request microphone access, record your playing, or upload audio. It creates short oscillator clicks locally through the browser's Web Audio API after you press Start. Site-level analytics or fonts may still make ordinary page requests, so the claim is limited to the metronome audio itself. ### What BPM range can I use? You can set any whole tempo from 30 to 300 BPM. Values outside that range are brought to the nearest limit. This covers slow technical work, common practice tempos, and fast subdivision exercises without producing impractically dense browser audio. ### How does tap tempo work? Tap the button or press T in time with the pulse you hear. After two valid taps, the tool averages the latest intervals and converts their duration to BPM. A pause longer than two seconds starts a new measurement, and the most recent eight intervals are used to keep the result responsive. ### What do the subdivision options mean? Quarter notes play one click per beat. Eighth notes play two, triplets play three, and sixteenth notes play four evenly spaced clicks inside each beat. The main beat uses a stronger tone than the clicks between beats, while beat one can use a separate accent. ### Why does the metronome need me to press Start? Modern browsers generally block sound that starts without a user action. Pressing Start gives the page permission to create or resume its audio context. If sound is still blocked, allow audio for the site, check your device volume, and press Start again. ### Will the metronome keep playing in a background tab? No. It pauses when the page becomes hidden. Browsers can throttle JavaScript timers or interrupt audio when a tab is backgrounded, especially on mobile. Stopping clearly avoids a misleading click that becomes intermittent. Return to the tab and press Start to begin again from beat one. ## Related tools - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Morse Code Translator - Text to Morse & Back" description: "Free Morse code translator. Convert text to Morse code and Morse to text instantly, with a full alphabet chart. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/morse-code-translator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Morse Code Translator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a Morse code translator? A Morse code translator converts plain text into International Morse Code and decodes Morse back into readable text. Each letter, digit or punctuation mark becomes a unique pattern of dots and dashes: letters are separated by spaces and words by a slash. This translator works both directions live as you type, entirely in your browser. Type text and get standard International Morse Code (ITU-R M.1677-1) instantly, or paste dots and dashes and read them back as text. The translator understands the common ways people write Morse: **.** and **-** for the signals, a space between letters, and **/** (or **|**, or a wide gap) between words. It even normalizes lookalike characters such as underscores and bullet dots that other apps paste in. Anything it cannot translate is clearly marked instead of silently dropped, and the full alphabet chart below the tool shows the exact table it uses. Everything runs locally - your message never leaves your device. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a direction** - Pick Text to Morse to encode a message, or Morse to text to decode dots and dashes. Swap flips the result back for an instant round-trip check. 2. **Type or paste your message** - The translation appears live in the panel beside it. When decoding, separate letters with spaces and words with a slash (/). 3. **Check the status bar** - It confirms the translation, and lists any characters or sequences that have no Morse equivalent - they are marked with # or ? instead of vanishing. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the output with one click, and use the alphabet chart below to learn or verify individual letters. ## Who it's for - **Students and scouts** learning Morse code who want to check their practice messages against the official ITU table. - **Puzzle, geocaching and escape-room fans** decoding dots and dashes found in a clue, or encoding their own secret messages. - **Amateur radio (ham) operators** preparing CW abbreviations and call signs, or verifying a copied transmission. - **Writers and game designers** adding authentic Morse code to fiction, ARGs or video games without memorizing the alphabet. ## Expert note Written Morse is really a notation for timing: a dash lasts three dots, the gaps inside a letter last one dot, gaps between letters three, and gaps between words seven. The spaces and slashes this translator prints are the standard stand-ins for those three- and seven-unit silences, which is why a decoded message depends as much on the gaps as on the dots and dashes themselves. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Morse code translator free? Yes - it's completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Both directions, text to Morse and Morse to text, run entirely in your browser. ### Is my message uploaded anywhere? No. Translation happens locally in your browser and nothing is sent to a server, so even private messages stay on your device. ### How do you write SOS in Morse code? SOS is ... --- ... - three dots, three dashes, three dots. It is sent as one continuous sign with no letter gaps, chosen in 1906 because the pattern is unmistakable, not as an abbreviation of any phrase. ### What does the slash (/) mean in Morse code? In written Morse a slash marks the gap between words. A single space separates letters within a word, and / stands for the longer seven-unit silence between words. This translator inserts it automatically when encoding and accepts / or | when decoding. ### Does Morse code have numbers and punctuation? Yes. International Morse Code defines all ten digits (1 is .---- through 0 as -----) and punctuation such as the period (.-.-.-), comma (--..--) and question mark (..--..). This translator supports the full ITU set plus common extras like ! and $. ### Does Morse code work in other languages? International Morse covers the Latin alphabet A-Z, so it works for any language written in Latin script, and common accented letters like É, Ñ, Ö and Ü have standard extensions this tool supports. Other scripts such as Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic and Japanese use their own national Morse variants, which are not included here. ### Why do some characters come out as # or ? A # means a character in your text has no Morse code (an emoji, for example), and a ? means a group of dots and dashes does not match any character. The status bar lists exactly which ones, so nothing is dropped without you knowing. ## Related tools - [NATO Phonetic Alphabet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/nato-phonetic-alphabet/) - [Rail Fence Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/rail-fence-cipher/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Mortgage Calculator - Monthly Payment with Taxes & PMI" description: "Free mortgage calculator: enter home price, down payment, rate and term to get your full monthly payment - principal, interest, property tax, home insurance and PMI - plus a live amortization schedule." url: https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate a monthly mortgage payment? Your mortgage payment is principal and interest on the loan plus escrow. Principal & interest use M = L·i(1+i)^n/((1+i)^n-1), where L is the loan (home price minus down payment), i is the monthly rate and n is the number of payments. Add property tax and home insurance (each annual amount divided by 12) and PMI while your equity is under 20%. This calculator sums all four live as you type. A mortgage payment is more than principal and interest. This calculator adds the escrow parts a real lender bills you every month - **property tax** and **home insurance** (each an annual figure spread over 12 months) and **PMI** (private mortgage insurance) while your down payment is under 20%. The result is your true monthly housing cost, not just the loan payment. Everything runs **locally in your browser**: nothing is uploaded, it updates on every keystroke, and the amortization schedule shows the balance falling and PMI dropping off month by month. The figures are currency-agnostic, so read them as dollars, euros, pounds or anything else. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the home price and down payment** - Type the purchase price and your down payment. Toggle between a percent (like 20%) and a fixed amount - the calculator works out the loan you actually finance. 2. **Add the rate, term, taxes and insurance** - Enter the annual interest rate and the term in years, then the annual property tax, home insurance and PMI rate. Leave any of the escrow fields blank to skip them. 3. **Read the full payment and schedule** - The total monthly payment and its breakdown - principal & interest, tax, insurance and PMI - update instantly. Scroll the amortization schedule to watch the balance fall and PMI drop off; use Copy to grab the monthly total. ## Who it's for - **First-time buyers** checking what they can actually afford, taxes and insurance included, not just the loan payment. - **House hunters** comparing homes at different prices and down payments before making an offer. - **Buyers weighing the down payment** who want to see when PMI disappears and how a bigger deposit cuts the monthly cost. - **Refinancers** testing how a new rate or term changes the monthly payment and total interest. - **Anyone budgeting** who needs the full PITI figure a lender will quote, broken down line by line. ## Expert note Watch what PMI costs and when it ends. On a 350,000 home at 6.5% over 30 years with 20% down, principal & interest is about 1,769.79 a month and, with roughly 3,500 property tax and 1,400 insurance a year, the full payment is around 2,178. Put down less than 20% and PMI is added on top until your loan balance reaches 80% of the home's value - then it drops off automatically, which is why the schedule shows the PMI column going to zero partway through rather than running the whole term. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this mortgage calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up and no limits. The whole calculation runs in your browser with plain JavaScript, so it also works offline once the page has loaded. ### Are my numbers uploaded anywhere? No. The math happens locally on your device. Nothing you type - price, income figures, rate or term - is sent to a server, stored or shared. Close the tab and it is gone. ### What is included in the monthly payment? Four parts, often called PITI plus PMI: principal and interest on the loan, property tax, home insurance, and private mortgage insurance (PMI) while your equity is under 20%. Each is shown as its own line so you can see exactly where the money goes. ### What is PMI and when does it stop? PMI is private mortgage insurance a lender charges when your down payment is under 20%. It is billed monthly as a percentage of the loan. By convention it drops off automatically once your loan balance falls to 80% of the home's original value, and this calculator ends it at that point in the schedule. ### Should I enter the down payment as a percent or an amount? Either - use the toggle. Percent is handy when you are aiming for a target like 20%; a fixed amount is handy when you know exactly how much cash you have. The calculator converts between them and shows both, then finances the rest. ### Does it include property tax and home insurance? Yes, if you enter them. Both are annual figures that the calculator divides by 12 and adds to your monthly payment, matching how an escrow account works. Leave them blank to see principal and interest only. ### Which currency does it use? None in particular - the figures are currency-agnostic. Enter the price and amounts in whatever currency applies and read the results the same way. Digits are grouped for your language, but no currency symbol is added. ### How is a mortgage calculator different from a loan calculator? A loan calculator gives you principal and interest for any loan. A mortgage calculator adds the housing-specific costs - property tax, home insurance and PMI - and works from a home price and down payment, so the figure matches what a lender will actually quote for buying a home. ## Related tools - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) - [Credit Card Payoff Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/credit-card-payoff/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Mortgage Overpayment Calculator - Save Interest" description: "Mortgage overpayment calculator for recurring and one-off extra payments. Compare interest and time saved with a clear payoff schedule." url: https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-overpayment/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Mortgage Overpayment Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a mortgage overpayment calculator show? A mortgage overpayment calculator estimates how extra payments change a repayment mortgage. Enter your balance, fixed annual rate and remaining term, then add recurring or one-off overpayments. It compares payoff time and interest against the original schedule, with every amount calculated privately in your browser. This calculator uses the standard amortizing-loan formula for the scheduled payment, then models each payment period. Interest is added to the outstanding balance first; the scheduled payment and any extra principal are then deducted. Keep the same currency for every amount. No currency symbol is assumed. **These results are educational estimates, not financial advice.** Your lender may calculate interest daily, recalculate payments after an overpayment, limit annual overpayments, or charge an early repayment fee. Check your mortgage terms before paying extra. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the current mortgage** - Add the remaining balance, fixed annual interest rate, remaining years and contractual payment frequency. 2. **Set an overpayment plan** - Enter an extra amount for every payment, a one-off amount, or both. Choose which payment receives the one-off amount. 3. **Compare the estimates** - Review interest saved, time saved, the balance chart and the payment-by-payment schedule. 4. **Check with your lender** - Confirm any overpayment allowance, early repayment charge and how your lender applies extra payments before acting. ## Who it's for - **Homeowners** testing whether a manageable recurring extra payment could shorten their remaining term. - **Borrowers with a lump sum** comparing a one-off principal payment with making no extra payment. - **Budget planners** seeing the separate effects of interest, scheduled principal and overpaid principal. - **People paid weekly or fortnightly** matching the model to a non-monthly repayment schedule. ## Expert note The model keeps the original scheduled payment unchanged after each overpayment, so the benefit appears as a shorter term. If your lender instead recasts the loan and lowers future payments, its result will differ even with the same lump sum. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my mortgage information uploaded? No. The calculation runs locally in your browser and the values you enter are not sent to a calculation server. You can clear the form at any time. Avoid treating the estimate as a lender quote because your mortgage contract may use different timing, rounding or fee rules. ### Is the mortgage overpayment calculator free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up and no calculation limit. You can test recurring overpayments, a one-off payment, or both. The calculator is currency-neutral, so all amounts work as pounds, dollars, euros or another currency when you use one currency consistently. ### What limits does this mortgage overpayment calculator have? It assumes one fixed annual rate, equal payment periods and a repayment mortgage with an unchanged scheduled payment. It excludes rate changes, daily-interest timing, taxes, insurance, payment holidays, lender fees and early repayment charges. Use your lender's figures for a decision about a real mortgage. ### Does overpaying reduce the mortgage term or the monthly payment? This calculator assumes overpayments reduce principal while your scheduled payment stays the same, which shortens the term. Some lenders instead recalculate and lower the scheduled payment. Ask your lender which option applies and whether you must request a term reduction. ### How is mortgage interest calculated here? The annual rate is divided by the selected number of payment periods: 12 monthly, 26 every two weeks or 52 weekly. Each period's interest is calculated on the opening balance, then the scheduled payment and extra principal are deducted. Actual lenders may accrue interest daily. ### Can a one-off payment and recurring overpayments be combined? Yes. Enter both amounts and choose the payment number for the lump sum. The recurring amount is added at every payment until payoff. In the selected period, both extras are applied, but the final overpayment is capped so the balance cannot fall below zero. ### Could my lender charge for mortgage overpayments? Possibly. Fixed-rate and other mortgage deals may cap penalty-free overpayments or apply an early repayment charge. Rules vary by lender and contract, and this tool does not model them. Read your offer documents or contact your lender before making an extra payment. ## Related tools - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Home Affordability Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/) - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "MRR and ARR Calculator for SaaS Revenue" description: "MRR and ARR calculator for SaaS plan mixes. Normalize monthly, quarterly and annual subscriptions into clear recurring revenue totals instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/mrr-arr-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free MRR and ARR Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate MRR and ARR? An MRR and ARR calculator normalizes active subscription revenue into monthly and annual run rates. Multiply each plan price by its active subscriptions, convert every billing period to a monthly equivalent, then add the results. Annual recurring revenue is monthly recurring revenue multiplied by 12. Build your current run rate from up to eight plans with monthly, quarterly or annual billing. The calculator updates live and runs **entirely in your browser**. Treat the output as a recurring revenue metric, not recognized revenue, cash collected or a forecast. ## How to use it 1. **Add each recurring plan** - Enter a plan name, the price charged per billing period and its active subscription count. 2. **Match the billing period** - Choose monthly, quarterly or yearly so every plan is normalized to the same monthly basis. 3. **Review the run rate** - Read total MRR, ARR, active subscriptions, monthly ARPA and each plan's contribution. 4. **Copy the summary** - Copy the calculated totals and plan breakdown for a report, model or working note. ## Who it's for - **SaaS founders** combining self-serve and enterprise plans into one recurring revenue run rate. - **Finance and RevOps teams** checking that mixed billing periods are normalized before an internal report. - **Investors and advisers** translating a current MRR figure into a comparable annual run rate. - **Subscription businesses** testing how a pricing or customer-mix change affects MRR, ARR and monthly ARPA. ## Expert note Normalize the contract value before comparing plans: 1,200 billed yearly contributes 100 MRR, while 300 billed quarterly also contributes 100 MRR. Annual prepayment changes cash timing, not the recurring run rate. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this MRR and ARR calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, requires no sign-up and supports up to eight subscription plans. You can mix monthly, quarterly and annual billing, switch the display currency and copy the full recurring revenue summary. ### Are my subscription figures uploaded? No. Plan prices, customer counts and calculations stay in your browser. The tool does not upload your figures, connect to a billing provider or save a revenue model to an account. ### How many plans can I calculate? You can include up to eight recurring plans in one calculation. That is enough for a typical pricing mix while keeping the breakdown readable on desktop and mobile. Combine plans only when their price and billing period are identical. ### What is the MRR formula? MRR is the sum of monthly-normalized recurring subscription revenue. For each plan, multiply price by active subscriptions and divide by the number of months in its billing period. A 1,200 yearly plan with 10 subscriptions contributes 1,000 MRR: 1,200 times 10 divided by 12. ### How do you convert MRR to ARR? Multiply normalized MRR by 12. For example, 25,000 MRR equals 300,000 ARR. This is an annualized run rate based on the current recurring base, not a guarantee that the business will collect that amount over the next year. ### Should one-time fees be included in MRR or ARR? No. Exclude implementation fees, setup charges, consulting, hardware and other non-recurring revenue. Include the recurring amount a customer is currently committed to pay, after recurring discounts, and track irregular usage revenue under a consistent policy. ### Is ARR the same as annual revenue? No. ARR annualizes the current recurring subscription base. Annual revenue is recognized during a reporting period and may include one-time work, usage charges or past contracts. ARR also does not account for future churn, expansion or new customers unless the underlying subscriptions change. ### What is monthly ARPA? Monthly average revenue per account, or ARPA, equals MRR divided by active subscriptions. It shows the average monthly recurring amount per account across your plan mix. If one customer can hold several subscriptions, decide whether your input counts accounts or subscriptions and stay consistent. ## Related tools - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [Commission Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/commission-calculator/) - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/) - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Mute Video Online - Remove Audio Privately" description: "Mute video online by removing every audio track without changing picture quality. Private browser processing, previews, progress, cancel, and download." url: https://candoya.com/tools/mute-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Mute Video Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can I mute a video online? Choose a video, select Mute video, and download the silent copy. The tool removes every audio track while copying the original picture stream, so the resolution, frame rate, and visual quality stay unchanged. Processing happens in your browser, and the source file is not uploaded to a conversion server. This mute video tool loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only after you start. It maps the first video stream, drops all audio, subtitles, data tracks, attachments, and file metadata, and writes a new video in a compatible container. It does not decode or re-encode the picture. Stream copying is fast and avoids generation loss, but browser memory still holds the source, media engine, and output at once. The conservative limit ranges from 100 MB on mobile or low-memory hardware to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. Large 4K recordings, encrypted media, damaged files, or unusual container and codec combinations may need a desktop editor. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the tool. 2. **Check the source** - Preview the original video and review its format, file size, duration, and the memory limit shown for your device. 3. **Remove every audio track** - Select Mute video and keep the tab open while the local engine creates a silent copy. 4. **Compare and download** - Preview the original and muted result side by side when your browser supports the codec, then download the new file. ## Who it's for - **Social media creators** can remove recorded sound before adding music, narration, or captions in another editor. - **Remote teams** can silence a meeting clip before sharing its visuals without sending confidential audio to a converter. - **Presenters and teachers** can make silent looping backgrounds from demos, screen recordings, and classroom footage. - **Phone and camera users** can remove wind, conversation, or accidental microphone audio while keeping the original picture quality. ## Expert note Muting does not need video compression. FFmpeg's audio-disable option removes audio streams at the container level, while stream copy preserves the encoded video packets byte for byte. The output can still be smaller because the audio tracks and non-video streams are gone. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I mute it? No. The video is read from a local browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly media engine in this tab. The engine code downloads on first use, but your source and muted result are not sent to that server or stored in a CanDoYa account. ### Is this mute video tool free? Yes. You can remove audio, compare the previews, and download the muted video without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits are your device's memory and speed, with a conservative cap from 100 MB on mobile to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### What video formats can I mute? The tool accepts common containers including MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related formats. It keeps a compatible source container instead of forcing every file into MP4. A damaged file or an unusual codec and container pairing can still fail. ### Does muting a video reduce picture quality? No. The tool uses stream copy for the first video track, which avoids decoding and re-encoding the picture. Its encoded frames, dimensions, frame rate, and visual quality remain unchanged. Only audio and other non-video streams are left out of the new file. ### Will it remove every audio track? Yes. The output disables all audio streams, including alternate language, commentary, and additional microphone tracks. It keeps the first video stream only. If you need to retain one specific audio track or subtitle stream, use a desktop media editor with detailed stream mapping controls. ### What happens if the video is already silent? The tool still creates a clean video-only copy. This keeps the process reliable across browser engines and also removes subtitles, data tracks, attachments, and file metadata without changing the picture stream. ### Why might a muted video not preview in my browser? Browsers support fewer containers and codecs than FFmpeg. For example, a browser may process an MKV or AVI file but decline to play it in the page. You can still download the result and open it in a compatible media player. Preview support does not determine whether audio was removed. ### Can I mute a very large or long video? Browser processing holds the source and result in memory, so very large videos can exhaust a phone or laptop even though the picture is not re-encoded. Use the displayed device limit, close heavy tabs, keep this tab open, and use desktop software for multi-gigabyte or long 4K projects. ## Related tools - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Audio Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-audio-from-video/) - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "N-up PDF - Put Multiple Pages on One Sheet" description: "Create an N-up PDF with 2, 4, 6, 9, or 16 pages per sheet. Choose A4 or Letter, preview the grid, and download privately with no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/n-up-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # N-up PDF - Multiple Pages per Sheet Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## What is an N-up PDF? An N-up PDF places several source pages onto each page of a new PDF. A 4-up layout, for example, fits four original pages into a 2 by 2 grid. It is useful for compact handouts, proofreading, and paper-saving prints while keeping text and vector graphics sharp. Turn a long document into a **compact, print-ready handout** without relying on a printer-specific setting. Choose 2, 4, 6, 9, or 16 pages per sheet, select A4 or US Letter, and let Auto orientation pick a practical shape for the grid. The preview shows the page flow before you make the file. The source PDF stays on your device. The tool embeds each original page into a new PDF sheet rather than taking screenshots, so selectable text and vector artwork remain vector content. It makes a separate download and does not modify your original file. ## How to use it 1. **Add the PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the tool or click to choose it. The browser reads the file locally and reports its page count. 2. **Choose the layout** - Select 2, 4, 6, 9, or 16 pages per sheet, choose A4 or US Letter, and set Auto, portrait, or landscape orientation. Add page borders if helpful. 3. **Create and download** - Check the first-sheet grid, create the N-up PDF, then download the new file with the output sheet count shown. ## Who it's for - **Teachers and presenters** turning slide decks into 4-up or 6-up handouts for a class or meeting. - **Editors and designers** making 9-up or 16-up proof sheets to review page order, pacing, and consistency. - **Students** fitting lecture notes onto fewer sheets while keeping the original PDF available at full size. - **Office teams** creating a portable N-up file that prints consistently without finding the setting in each printer dialog. ## Expert note N-up and booklet imposition are different. N-up keeps pages in normal reading order and only reduces them into a grid. A booklet must reorder and sometimes pad pages for duplex folding, so use a dedicated booklet workflow when you plan to fold and staple the sheets. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the source PDF, calculates each page position, and creates the new PDF locally. CanDoYa does not receive the document. Once the page and PDF code are loaded, arranging the file itself does not require an upload connection. ### Is this N-up PDF tool free? Yes. You can create and download an N-up PDF without an account, payment, watermark, or daily credit. Processing uses your device rather than a file server. Large or complex PDFs may take longer because browser memory and processor speed vary. ### What are the PDF size and page limits? You can open one unencrypted PDF up to 100 MB and 500 pages. This practical limit protects browser memory, especially on phones. If a document is larger, split it into smaller files, arrange each part, and merge the resulting PDFs afterward. ### Which pages-per-sheet layout should I choose? Use 2-up when text must remain easy to read, and 4-up for common slide handouts or draft printing. Six-up is useful for presentation notes. Nine-up and 16-up work best for proof sheets, thumbnails, and checking document structure rather than reading small body text. ### Does N-up reduce the quality of my PDF? The pages are scaled, not rasterized into screenshots. Text and vector artwork remain sharp and selectable in compatible PDF viewers, while embedded images retain their source data. Content looks physically smaller because several pages share one sheet, but the operation does not deliberately lower image resolution. ### Can I choose A4, Letter, portrait, or landscape? Yes. Choose A4 or US Letter and set portrait or landscape yourself. Auto uses landscape for the wider 2-up and 6-up grids, and portrait for 4-up, 9-up, and 16-up. Each source page is centered and scaled to fit without cropping. ### Is an N-up PDF the same as a booklet PDF? No. N-up keeps source pages in sequence and places them left to right, then top to bottom. Booklet imposition rearranges pages so duplex sheets read correctly after folding and stapling, often adding blank pages to complete a signature. Use N-up for handouts and compact proofs. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Named Entity Recognition Tool - Private NER" description: "Find people, organizations, locations, and other named entities with private on-device NER. Highlight text and export grouped results as CSV." url: https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Named Entity Recognition Tool Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is named entity recognition? Named entity recognition, or NER, finds spans of text that refer to named people, organizations, locations, and other proper-name concepts. This tool runs an English DistilBERT model in your browser, highlights each detected span, groups repeated mentions, and exports a CSV without sending your text for server-side analysis. **This named entity recognition tool uses dslim's 66-million-parameter DistilBERT NER model**, converted to ONNX for Transformers.js. It was fine-tuned on the English CoNLL-2003 dataset of Reuters news and has four labels: person, organization, location, and miscellaneous. It does not include dedicated labels for dates, money, emails, phone numbers, products, or street addresses. The first analysis downloads quantized model files of about 70 MB plus the browser AI runtime. A worker keeps loading and inference away from the main interface. WebGPU is preferred when a compatible graphics adapter is available; WebAssembly is the CPU fallback. Browsers normally cache the files, but private browsing, storage cleanup, or cache eviction can trigger another download. ## How to use it 1. **Paste an English passage** - Enter up to 5,000 characters from a news story, report, transcript, or meeting note. Load the sample if you want to see the expected result shape. 2. **Run the local NER model** - Click Find named entities. Allow the first model download to finish; later visits can usually reuse the browser cache. 3. **Review and filter** - Inspect the highlighted spans and grouped table. Raise or lower the minimum score to hide or reveal weaker model predictions. 4. **Export the useful rows** - Copy the grouped entity table or download it as CSV, then verify names and categories against the source text before reuse. ## Who it's for - **Researchers and analysts** turning English news, reports, or interview notes into a quick list of people, organizations, and places. - **Meeting and transcript reviewers** finding recurring named entities before creating tags, summaries, or follow-up notes. - **Editors and fact-checkers** scanning a draft for names that deserve spelling, context, or identity checks. - **Developers and data teams** testing an NER workflow and exporting grouped examples before building a larger processing pipeline. ## Expert note CoNLL-style NER is span detection plus classification, not entity resolution. The model may recognize both 'Acme' and 'Acme Robotics' as organizations without proving they are the same company, and a high score does not establish that a person or place actually exists. Preserve the source context and keep a human review step. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Your text is passed to a worker inside your browser and is not included in the requests that fetch Transformers.js or the public model files. The AI runtime and weights come from external hosts on first use, so network activity is required until those files are cached. ### Is this named entity recognition tool free? Yes. There is no account, payment, API key, or analysis quota. Your device performs the inference. The practical costs are the initial model download, browser storage, memory, and processing time. Your network provider may still charge for the data used to fetch the model. ### How much text can I analyse? Each run accepts up to 5,000 Unicode characters. The tool splits the text into smaller passages before inference so the model stays within a practical token window and the interface remains responsive. For longer documents, analyse coherent sections separately and combine the reviewed CSV files afterward. ### Which entity types can the model detect? The model has four trained categories: person, organization, location, and miscellaneous. Miscellaneous covers named concepts that do not fit the first three classes. There are no dedicated date, time, money, percentage, email, phone, product, event, or address labels, so the tool does not claim to extract them. ### Does the NER model work in languages other than English? The model is English-specific because it was fine-tuned on the English CoNLL-2003 dataset. It may output something for other languages, but those results do not have the same training basis and can be misleading. Use this page for English text and choose a language-specific or multilingual NER model elsewhere when needed. ### What does the confidence threshold mean? The threshold hides entity spans whose model score falls below your chosen value. It is useful for exploring the precision and recall tradeoff, but the score is not a calibrated probability that the entity is correct. Domain shift, ambiguous names, tokenization, and context can still produce confident mistakes. ### Will named entity recognition find all personal information? No. This is not a complete PII detector or redaction system. The model may find person names and some locations or organizations, but it has no dedicated labels for email addresses, phone numbers, account numbers, dates, or street addresses. Use a purpose-built process and human verification for privacy or compliance work. ### Does the tool work without WebGPU? Yes. It tries WebGPU first when the browser exposes a compatible graphics adapter. If WebGPU is missing or model startup fails, the worker retries with the WebAssembly CPU backend. The same four labels are used, but CPU loading and inference can take longer on low-power devices. ## Related tools - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/) - [Speech to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "NanoID Generator - Free Online Unique ID Tool" description: "Generate secure, URL-friendly NanoID unique IDs online. Pick the length, alphabet and quantity, copy in one click. Runs in your browser, nothing uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free NanoID Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a NanoID generator? A NanoID generator creates short, URL-friendly unique string IDs using a cryptographically secure random source. NanoID is a tiny alternative to UUID: a default ID is 21 characters from a 64-symbol alphabet, giving you compact, collision-resistant identifiers for database rows, URLs, tokens and filenames, all built locally in your browser. Every ID is generated in your browser with the Web Crypto random number generator, so nothing is uploaded and the tool works offline once the page has loaded. It uses NanoID's uniform algorithm, which masks and rejects random bytes instead of taking a plain remainder, so no character is more likely than another and the IDs stay unbiased. Change the length, switch the alphabet to lowercase, hexadecimal or a no-look-alike set, or paste your own characters, and generate up to a thousand IDs at once. ## How to use it 1. **Pick an alphabet** - Keep the URL-friendly default, or choose lowercase, hexadecimal, numbers or a no-look-alike set - or paste your own characters. 2. **Set length and quantity** - Choose how many characters each ID has (21 by default) and how many IDs to generate at once. 3. **Generate** - Press Generate to build a fresh batch. The possible-IDs and collision-safety figures update to match your settings. 4. **Copy what you need** - Click Copy on any single ID, or Copy all to grab the whole list, one ID per line. ## Who it's for - **Backend developers** creating primary keys or public row IDs that are shorter and more URL-friendly than a UUID. - **Frontend and full-stack engineers** generating client-side keys for React lists, optimistic inserts, or draft records before a save. - **API and platform teams** minting share links, invite codes, API keys and short slugs that are safe to drop straight into a URL. - **QA and data engineers** seeding test fixtures and mock records with a batch of unique identifiers in one click. - **DevOps and scripters** grabbing a quick random token or filename suffix without installing a library or writing code. ## Expert note The collision figure comes from the birthday bound: with the 21-character default you can mint on the order of a quintillion IDs (about 1.3 x 10^18) before there is even a 1% chance of a single collision, but that safety collapses fast as you shorten the ID - an 8-character URL-safe ID drops to only a couple of million before the same 1% risk, and switching to digits only shrinks the keyspace further, so shorten an ID only when you know roughly how many you will ever mint. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the NanoID generator free? Yes, it is completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Every ID is generated in your browser, so you can create as many batches as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### How is NanoID different from a UUID? A UUID is a fixed 36-character format. NanoID is smaller and configurable: the default is 21 URL-safe characters, roughly 40% shorter, with a similar collision resistance. NanoID also lets you change the length and alphabet, while a UUID's format is fixed. ### Are the generated IDs cryptographically secure? Yes. IDs use the browser's Web Crypto getRandomValues, the same secure random source used for keys and tokens, and NanoID's uniform algorithm keeps every character equally likely so the output is not biased or predictable. ### What is the default NanoID alphabet? The default alphabet has 64 URL-friendly symbols: A-Z, a-z, 0-9 plus underscore and hyphen. Because every character is safe in a URL, you can drop an ID straight into a link, filename or path without encoding it. ### How long should a NanoID be? Twenty-one characters is the default and is safe for almost any use, matching UUID-level collision resistance. Shorter IDs are fine for low-volume data or human-facing codes, but the smaller keyspace raises collision risk, so watch the collision figure before shortening. ### Can I use my own characters? Yes. Pick Custom, or just edit the character box, and IDs are built from exactly the characters you enter. Duplicate characters are ignored and you can use any distinct symbols, up to 256 of them. ### Are my generated IDs uploaded anywhere? No. Everything is generated locally in your browser with the Web Crypto API and nothing is sent to a server, so your IDs stay private on your device. ## Related tools - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/) - [ULID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/ulid-generator/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "NATO Phonetic Alphabet Converter" description: "Free NATO phonetic alphabet converter for names, callsigns and serial numbers. Spell text as Alfa Bravo Charlie instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/nato-phonetic-alphabet/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # NATO Phonetic Alphabet Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a NATO phonetic alphabet converter? A NATO phonetic alphabet converter turns letters and digits into the standard radio spelling words: A becomes Alfa, B becomes Bravo and 9 becomes Niner. Use it to read names, callsigns, booking codes or serial numbers clearly over the phone or radio, with a reverse mode for checking a spell-out. Paste a name, callsign or code and the converter spells each Latin letter with the ICAO/NATO word list. Spaces become **/** so word breaks stay clear, digits use radio-friendly forms like **Tree**, **Fower**, **Fife** and **Niner**, and Latin accents are folded to their base letters for everyday names. Anything outside A-Z or 0-9 is marked instead of being silently removed. The reverse mode accepts common variants such as Alpha for Alfa, Juliet for Juliett and Three for Tree. Everything runs locally in your browser, so the text you are spelling is not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a direction** - Use Text to NATO to spell letters and digits, or NATO to text to decode a sequence of spelling words. 2. **Type or paste your text** - The output updates live. Word breaks are shown with / so the spoken groups stay easy to follow. 3. **Review warnings** - If a character or word is not part of the supported NATO set, the status bar lists it and the output marks the spot. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the spelling words, or open the chart below the tool to check each letter and digit before you read it aloud. ## Who it's for - **Support and sales teams** reading order IDs, email addresses, promo codes and account references without confusing B with D or M with N. - **Aviation, marine and radio users** checking callsigns and identifiers against the international spelling alphabet before speaking. - **Travelers and agents** spelling passenger names, record locators and hotel confirmations over noisy phone lines. - **Developers and IT teams** communicating passwords, hostnames and serial numbers when screen sharing is not available. ## Expert note The official spelling alphabet is not a pronunciation alphabet like IPA. It is a set of deliberately chosen code words for noisy speech channels, which is why the spellings Alfa, Juliett and Xray look unusual and why 3, 4, 5 and 9 are often spoken as Tree, Fower, Fife and Niner. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this NATO phonetic alphabet converter free? Yes. The converter is free, works without sign-up and has no practical limit for normal names, callsigns, booking codes or serial numbers. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion happens in your browser. Your names, IDs, passwords or codes are not sent to a server while you use this tool. ### What is A in the NATO phonetic alphabet? A is Alfa in the ICAO/NATO spelling alphabet. The official spelling uses Alfa with an f so speakers of different languages are less likely to pronounce it incorrectly. ### Why is Juliet spelled Juliett? Juliett has a final double t in the ICAO/NATO spelling alphabet so French speakers do not treat the final t as silent. The converter accepts both Juliett and Juliet when decoding. ### Does the NATO alphabet include numbers? Yes. Digits are read one by one. This converter uses common radio forms for the confusing digits: 3 as Tree, 4 as Fower, 5 as Fife and 9 as Niner. ### Can I convert NATO words back to text? Yes. Switch to NATO to text, paste words such as Charlie Alfa November, and the tool decodes them back to CAN. Use / between words when you want a space in the decoded result. ### Does it work with non-English names? It works well for Latin-script names and folds accents such as é or ñ to their base letters before spelling them. It does not transliterate Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese or other scripts into Latin letters. ## Related tools - [Morse Code Translator](https://candoya.com/tools/morse-code-translator/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "NPV Calculator - Net Present Value Online" description: "NPV calculator with editable cash flows, a discounted period table and worked net present value result. Free, private and no sign-up required." url: https://candoya.com/tools/npv-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free NPV Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does an NPV calculator do? An NPV calculator converts future cash flows into today's value using a discount rate, then subtracts the initial investment. Enter each end-of-period inflow or outflow to see net present value, the present value of future cash flows, profitability index and a transparent period-by-period calculation. The calculator runs locally in your browser, so the amounts you enter are not uploaded. It assumes equally spaced periods and applies the same discount rate to each one. Match the rate to the period: use an annual rate for annual cash flows or a monthly rate for monthly cash flows. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the initial investment** - Type the time-zero project cost as a positive amount. The calculator treats it as an immediate outflow. 2. **Set the discount rate** - Enter the rate for one cash-flow period. The frequency of the rate and cash flows must match. 3. **Build the cash-flow timeline** - Add one value for each end-of-period cash flow. Use positive amounts for inflows and negative amounts for later outflows. 4. **Review the discounted result** - Read the NPV summary and inspect the discount factor, present value and cumulative NPV for every period. ## Who it's for - **Business owners** comparing a proposed project with its upfront cost and forecast cash generation. - **Finance teams** checking capital-budgeting models with uneven positive and negative cash flows. - **Property analysts** discounting expected rental cash flows and a later sale amount on one timeline. - **Students** verifying an NPV formula against a visible period-by-period solution. - **Product teams** testing how a higher hurdle rate changes the present value of forecast benefits. ## Expert note Excel's NPV function discounts its listed values as end-of-period cash flows, so a time-zero investment is normally added separately. This calculator makes that convention explicit by showing the initial investment as period 0 and discounting only periods 1 onward. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this NPV calculator free? Yes. The NPV calculator is free, requires no account and has no calculation paywall. You can add up to 50 future cash-flow periods, switch the display currency and repeat calculations as often as needed. The selected currency changes formatting only and does not perform exchange-rate conversion. ### Are my cash-flow figures uploaded? No. The calculation runs locally in your browser, so the initial investment, discount rate and cash-flow forecast are not uploaded by the tool. You can clear the full timeline after use. The page needs no account and the calculation itself makes no network request. ### What are the limits of this NPV calculator? The calculator supports 1 to 50 equally spaced future periods, amounts with an absolute value up to 999,999,999,999,999, and discount rates greater than -100% through 10,000%. It does not calculate date-based XNPV, taxes, inflation, exchange rates or probability-weighted scenarios automatically. ### How is net present value calculated? NPV equals the time-zero cash flow plus each future cash flow divided by one plus the discount rate raised to its period number. This calculator asks for the initial investment as a positive amount and subtracts it, then adds the discounted values for periods 1 through the final period. ### What does a positive or negative NPV mean? A positive NPV means the discounted future cash flows exceed the initial investment at the chosen rate. A negative NPV means they fall short. NPV is one model input, not a guarantee or recommendation, because actual cash flows, timing, risk and the appropriate discount rate may differ. ### Can NPV cash flows be negative? Yes. A later period can contain a negative amount for maintenance, refurbishment, cleanup or another expected outflow. The calculator discounts that negative value in the same way as a positive cash flow and includes it in both the period table and cumulative NPV. ### Why is the initial investment not discounted? The initial investment occurs at period 0, so its discount factor is 1 and its present value equals the amount paid now. Future cash flows start at period 1 and are discounted back to period 0. This also avoids the common spreadsheet mistake of discounting an immediate cost for one extra period. ### What discount rate should I use for NPV? The appropriate rate depends on the project, risk, financing and available alternatives. Organizations may use a required return or a risk-adjusted cost of capital. The rate must match the cash-flow interval: an annual rate with annual flows, or a properly converted monthly rate with monthly flows. ## Related tools - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Number Base Converter - Binary, Hex, Octal" description: "Free number base converter. Convert between binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal instantly, plus any base from 2 to 36. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Number Base Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a number base converter? A number base converter rewrites a number from one base (or radix) into another. This tool converts whole numbers between binary (base 2), octal (8), decimal (10) and hexadecimal (16) as you type, plus any custom base from 2 to 36. It uses BigInt, so even 100-digit numbers convert exactly, and everything runs in your browser. Conversion is live: type a number, pick the base it is written in, and the binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal forms appear instantly, each with a copy button. A custom base row covers every other base from 2 to 36, from ternary to hexatrigesimal. Digits above 9 use the letters A to Z, and results are grouped for readability - spaces in binary and hex, commas in decimal - with the separators stripped automatically when you paste a grouped number back in. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your number** - Type the number you want to convert. Grouping separators like spaces or commas are fine - they are stripped automatically. 2. **Pick its base** - Choose the base your input is written in, from 2 (binary) to 36. The default is decimal (base 10). 3. **Read the results** - Binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal appear instantly, each with a copy button. Use the custom base row for any other base from 2 to 36. 4. **Copy what you need** - Press Copy on any result to put it on your clipboard. Invalid digits for the chosen base show a clear error instead of a wrong answer. ## Who it's for - **Developers** translating between binary, hex and decimal when debugging memory dumps, bitmasks or color values. - **Students** checking their homework on base conversion - binary to decimal, hex to binary, octal to anything. - **Network and systems engineers** converting IP octets, subnet masks and MAC addresses between decimal and hex. - **Anyone working with big integers** - IDs, hashes or timestamps - who needs an exact conversion without floating-point rounding. ## Expert note Most calculators and spreadsheet functions cap out at 2^53 and silently round large integers, which corrupts long hex IDs or 64-bit timestamps. This tool converts through BigInt, so a 200-digit decimal converts to binary exactly, digit for digit. Two's complement is not applied: a negative number is shown with a minus sign, and the tool works on the magnitude, so -1 in decimal is -1 in hex, not FFFF...FFFF. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this number base converter free? Yes - it's completely free with no sign-up. All conversion happens locally in your browser, so there are no limits on the size of the numbers you convert. ### Is my number uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion runs entirely on your device and nothing is sent to a server, so it is safe for private IDs, keys and configuration values. ### How do I convert binary to decimal? Type the binary number (digits 0 and 1), set the From base dropdown to 2, and read the Decimal row. The conversion updates as you type, so you can also paste a long binary string and watch it resolve. ### What bases are supported? Any whole-number base from 2 to 36. Bases 2, 8, 10 and 16 are shown together for convenience, and the custom base row covers everything else, including ternary (3), duodecimal (12) and hexatrigesimal (36). ### What do the letters A to F (and beyond) mean? Bases above 10 need symbols for digits past 9. The tool uses A for 10, B for 11, and so on up to Z for 35, so hexadecimal uses A to F and base 36 uses the full alphabet. Input is case-insensitive: a and A are the same digit. ### Why does my binary result have spaces in it? Binary and hex results are grouped in blocks of four digits and decimal in blocks of three, purely for readability. The separators are stripped automatically when you paste a grouped number back into the input, so the round trip is exact. ### Can it convert very large numbers? Yes. Conversion uses BigInt, so there is no 2^53 limit and no rounding. A 100-digit decimal number converts to binary exactly, which is useful for long IDs, hashes and 64-bit timestamps. ### Does it handle negative numbers or two's complement? Negative numbers are supported with a leading minus sign, and the tool converts the magnitude: -255 in decimal is -FF in hex. It does not apply two's complement, so -1 is -1 in every base, not a string of F's. ## Related tools - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Object Detection - Private AI Image Detector" description: "Detect objects in images with private on-device AI. See bounding boxes, confidence scores, and a downloadable annotated PNG with no image upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free AI Object Detection Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is object detection? Object detection identifies known object categories in an image and estimates a bounding box around each match. This tool runs a compact YOLOS model inside your browser, lists confidence scores, and exports an annotated PNG. Your image stays on your device while the public AI runtime and model download separately. **This detector uses the Apache-2.0 YOLOS-tiny model through Transformers.js 4.2.0 in a dedicated browser worker.** It prefers roughly 13 MB of FP16 ONNX weights on WebGPU and automatically retries with roughly 10 MB of q8 weights through WebAssembly on the CPU. Runtime files download separately, and browser caching can make later runs faster. YOLOS-tiny was fine-tuned on COCO 2017 and predicts 80 everyday categories such as person, bicycle, car, dog, cat, chair, bottle, book, and laptop. It is not an open-vocabulary identifier. A lower confidence threshold reveals more tentative boxes but also more false positives; a higher threshold shows fewer, stronger matches. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an image** - Drop in one JPEG, PNG, or WebP up to 20 MB and 16 megapixels, or load the sample scene to explore the interface. 2. **Run detection** - Click Detect objects. The worker downloads the public model on the first run, uses WebGPU when available, and falls back to CPU processing when needed. 3. **Review and export** - Adjust minimum confidence without rerunning the model, inspect every visible box and score, then copy the report or download the annotated PNG. ## Who it's for - **Computer vision students** who want to inspect labels, boxes, and threshold effects without installing Python or a model runtime. - **Dataset reviewers** who need a quick first pass over common COCO categories before manual annotation. - **Creators and developers** checking whether a scene contains recognizable people, vehicles, animals, furniture, or electronics. - **Private image workflows** where sending an unreleased photo or screenshot to a cloud detection API is not appropriate. ## Expert note YOLOS-tiny uses 100 learned object queries and bipartite matching rather than a conventional sliding-window detector. Its COCO validation average precision is 28.7, so the confidence slider helps inspect model output but does not turn the score into a calibrated probability or make the detector suitable for safety-critical decisions. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. The selected image is decoded, passed to a worker, analyzed, annotated, and encoded inside your browser. The worker downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and YOLOS-tiny model from external hosts, but those requests do not contain your image. CanDoYa does not receive or store the source or result. ### Is this object detector free? Yes. There is no account, payment, credit limit, or watermark. Your device supplies the computing power. The first run still downloads public runtime and model files, so it uses your internet connection and may matter on a metered plan. ### What image limits apply? The tool accepts one JPEG, PNG, or WebP image up to 20 MB and 16 megapixels, with each side at least 32 pixels. These limits reduce large browser memory spikes. The annotated PNG keeps the original pixel dimensions and can be larger than the source because PNG uses lossless compression. ### What objects can the AI detect? YOLOS-tiny predicts the 80 categories used by the COCO dataset, including people, common vehicles, animals, sports gear, food, furniture, appliances, and electronics. It cannot name arbitrary products, plant species, landmarks, text, or concepts outside that fixed label set. ### How accurate is YOLOS-tiny object detection? The compact model reports 28.7 average precision on COCO 2017 validation. Clear, well-lit images with larger familiar subjects tend to work better. Tiny objects, unusual angles, heavy overlap, blur, poor lighting, and categories outside COCO can be missed or mislabeled, so always review the boxes. ### What does the confidence score mean? Confidence ranks how strongly the model supports a label and box for this image. It is not a guarantee or a calibrated probability that the object is present. Lowering the threshold shows more uncertain matches; raising it hides weaker boxes and can reduce visible false positives. ### Does object detection work without WebGPU? Yes, if the browser supports WebAssembly and module workers. The worker checks for a usable WebGPU adapter first. If none exists or WebGPU inference fails, it retries with q8 model weights on the CPU through WebAssembly. The fallback stays on-device but can take longer. ### Can I use the object detector offline? A later run may work without another download after the browser caches the runtime and model, but offline availability is not guaranteed. Browsers can evict cached files, storage cleanup can remove them, and private browsing often discards them when the session ends. ## Related tools - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Text Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Handwriting to Text OCR - Private AI Reader" description: "Turn a cropped English handwriting or print line into editable text with private on-device AI OCR. No image upload, account, or API key." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-handwriting-print/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Handwriting to Text OCR Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is handwriting to text OCR? Handwriting to text OCR reads a picture of written words and returns editable text. This tool runs a TrOCR vision model on your device for one cropped English line at a time. Choose handwriting or print, review the result, then copy or download it without uploading the source image. **This reader uses separate TrOCR models tuned for handwriting and printed text.** Model files load only after you press Recognize and are cached by supported browsers. The image itself stays on your device. The first model download is about 70 MB, and WebGPU acceleration falls back to CPU processing when unavailable. TrOCR recognizes a line as a sequence rather than locating every block on a page. Crop close to one horizontal line with clear contrast. Use the existing Image to Text tool for multilingual print, full pages, columns, or photos where page layout matters. ## How to use it 1. **Crop one line** - Choose a sharp JPEG, PNG, or WebP image containing one horizontal English text line. 2. **Match the text style** - Select Handwriting for pen or pencil text, or Printed text for type, labels, and screenshots. 3. **Run local OCR** - Press Recognize text and keep the tab open while the browser downloads and runs the selected model. 4. **Verify and export** - Compare the editable result with the image, correct mistakes, then copy it or download a TXT file. ## Who it's for - **Students and researchers** turning one legible notebook line or archival label into editable English text. - **Meeting participants** recovering a short handwritten action item before adding it to digital notes. - **Archivists and collectors** testing a difficult caption or index-card line before manual transcription. - **Design and QA teams** checking printed English labels captured from mockups or screenshots. ## Expert note TrOCR-small was trained as a single-line recognizer, not a page-layout engine. A tight line crop is not just a speed optimization: it prevents neighboring lines and margins from being resized into the model's fixed visual input and confusing its decoder. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my handwriting image uploaded? No. Recognition runs in a browser worker on your device, and CanDoYa does not receive the image or result. The browser does contact public hosts to download the Transformers.js runtime and selected model files. Those requests fetch software and weights; they do not include your image. ### Is the handwriting OCR free? Yes. There is no account, API key, watermark, credit limit, or result fee. Your device supplies the processing power. The first use of each text-style model needs a download of about 70 MB, so a metered connection may still incur normal data charges. ### What are the image and text limits? Use one JPEG, PNG, or WebP image up to 10 MB and 12 megapixels. The reader is designed for one cropped horizontal English line. It does not segment full pages, read tables or columns, preserve layout, process PDFs, or combine several lines automatically. ### How accurate is handwriting recognition? Neat, high-contrast English handwriting can work well, but accuracy is not guaranteed. Cursive joins, unusual letter shapes, slant, blur, faint pencil, crossed-out text, names, and numbers can cause plausible substitutions. Always compare important output with the original and correct it manually. ### Does printed text work better than handwriting? Usually. Printed glyphs are more consistent than personal handwriting, so a clean printed line is typically easier to recognize. The dedicated printed model is still limited to English line images. Full pages and multilingual print are better handled by the Tesseract-based Image to Text tool. ### Can I use full notebook pages or documents? Not reliably. This model expects a single text line and does not detect page layout. Crop each line before recognition, or use a page-oriented OCR tool. Feeding a full notebook page shrinks each letter and mixes several reading paths into one model input. ### Does it work offline? The first run needs internet access to download Transformers.js and the selected OCR model. Browsers normally cache those files, so later runs may work without a connection if the cache remains available. Private browsing, cleared site data, or model updates can require another download. ## Related tools - [Image to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/) - [Image Captioner](https://candoya.com/tools/image-captioner/) - [Speech to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Image to Text - Private OCR Converter" description: "Convert an image to editable text with private multilingual browser OCR. Copy or export the result with no image upload, account, or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Image to Text Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How does an image to text converter work? An image to text converter uses optical character recognition, or OCR, to find printed characters in a photo or scan and return editable text. This tool runs Tesseract WebAssembly inside your browser, covers the languages used across all 40 CanDoYa locales, and lets you copy or download the result without uploading the source image. **This converter uses Tesseract.js 7, a browser port of the open-source Tesseract OCR engine.** The code, WebAssembly core, and selected language data load only after you start extraction. Tesseract performs recognition in its own worker, so the page remains responsive while your device processes the image. OCR accuracy depends more on the source than on the file format. Upright printed text, even lighting, sharp focus, strong foreground contrast, and enough pixel detail all help. Small screenshots can improve after upscaling, while skewed pages, decorative fonts, columns, handwriting, glare, and blurred camera photos are more likely to need manual correction. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a clear image** - Drop in a JPEG, PNG, WebP, BMP, or non-animated GIF up to 15 MB and 24 megapixels, or load the built-in example. 2. **Select the text language** - Choose the language actually printed in the image. The matching Tesseract language data downloads when you start extraction. 3. **Extract and verify** - Run OCR, compare names and numbers with the source, edit any mistakes, then copy the text or download a UTF-8 TXT file. ## Who it's for - **Students and researchers** turning a photographed page, slide, or printed quotation into editable notes. - **Office teams** recovering text from scanned letters, receipts, labels, and archived image files. - **Writers and editors** copying captions or passages from screenshots without retyping every line. - **Privacy-conscious users** extracting text from an unpublished image without sending the file to an OCR API. ## Expert note Tesseract recognizes pixels, not embedded document structure. A tight crop around the text and an effective source resolution near 300 DPI usually help more than converting the same image to another file type. Confidence is an engine-wide estimate, not proof that every character is correct. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. The selected file is decoded and recognized on your device by a Tesseract worker. The browser downloads public OCR runtime and language files from external hosts, but those requests do not contain your image. CanDoYa does not receive or store the source image or extracted text. ### Is this image to text converter free? Yes. It has no account, payment, watermark, page credits, or result download fee. Your device supplies the processing power. The initial OCR engine and language-data download still uses your internet connection, and larger language models can matter on a metered connection. ### What image limits and formats are supported? You can process one JPEG, PNG, WebP, BMP, or non-animated GIF up to 15 MB and 24 megapixels. Those limits reduce memory failures on phones and laptops. The tool handles images only; use a dedicated scanned PDF OCR tool when you need to recognize full PDF pages. ### How accurate is OCR image to text conversion? Clean printed text can be recognized well, but no OCR result is guaranteed. Sharp focus, large letters, high contrast, a straight page, and the correct language improve accuracy. Handwriting, unusual fonts, glare, blur, tables, columns, and mixed reading directions can produce substitutions or reordered lines. ### Can it extract handwritten notes? It may recover very neat block handwriting, but this Tesseract-based tool is designed primarily for printed text. Cursive writing and inconsistent letter shapes are much less reliable. Treat handwriting output as a rough draft and compare every important word, date, and number with the original image. ### Which text language should I choose? Choose the language used by the characters in the image, not the language of your browser. The list covers all 40 CanDoYa locales, including simplified and traditional Chinese separately. If a page mixes languages, select the dominant one; this version loads one recognition model per run. ### Why does the first extraction take longer? The browser must first load the Tesseract.js code, a compatible WebAssembly core, and trained data for the selected language. Browser caches can make later runs faster, but private mode, storage cleanup, a new language, or cache eviction may trigger another download. ### Can I use the extracted text without checking it? Review it first, especially names, totals, dates, punctuation, and characters that look alike, such as O and 0 or l and 1. The displayed confidence is a broad Tesseract estimate. It does not certify each word or preserve the exact visual layout of the source. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Open Graph Generator - Preview and Copy OG Tags" description: "Open Graph generator with a live social card preview, required-tag checks, and escaped HTML you can copy. Free and private in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Open Graph Generator Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is an Open Graph generator? An Open Graph generator creates the og: meta tags that control how a page appears when its link is shared. Enter a title, page URL, image, and description to preview the card, catch missing required properties, and copy safe HTML for your page head. Everything is generated locally in your browser. Open Graph metadata turns a plain URL into a richer share card with a headline, image, and supporting description. This generator focuses on the Open Graph layer instead of producing an entire SEO head. It validates the protocol's four required properties, keeps optional image details tucked away, and escapes quotes and angle brackets before it writes the markup. The preview is a design check, not a promise of pixel-perfect rendering. Facebook, LinkedIn, Slack, Discord, and messaging apps can apply their own crops, fonts, caches, and text limits. After publishing, use the relevant platform debugger to confirm what its crawler actually sees. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the required properties** - Add the Open Graph title, canonical page URL, and absolute image URL. The type defaults to website. 2. **Review the preview and validation** - Check the representative social card and resolve any missing or invalid property shown beside it. 3. **Add useful optional metadata** - Open the optional section for image alt text, site name, locale, content type, and real image dimensions. 4. **Copy the tags** - Copy the generated markup into the head of your page, publish it, then verify the live URL with each platform you care about. ## Who it's for - **Developers** adding copy-ready Open Graph tags to a static page, template, or component. - **Content teams** checking a campaign title, description, and image before a link is published. - **Site owners** fixing bland or incomplete link previews without installing a plugin. - **Designers** stress-testing how long titles and descriptions fit beside a 1200 x 630 share image. ## Expert note The Open Graph protocol requires `og:title`, `og:type`, `og:image`, and `og:url`. If you provide an image, add `og:image:alt` too, and enter width and height only when they match the actual file rather than a preferred template size. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Open Graph generator free? Yes. You can generate, preview, validate, and copy as many Open Graph tag sets as you need without creating an account. The tool has no usage limit and does not watermark or modify the metadata it creates. ### Are my page details or image uploaded? No. The text and URLs you enter are processed locally in your browser. The preview may ask your browser to display the image at the URL you provide, but CanDoYa does not upload or store that image or your metadata. ### What are the required Open Graph tags? The Open Graph protocol defines four required properties: og:title, og:type, og:image, and og:url. A description is optional but useful for richer cards. Site name, locale, image alt text, and image dimensions provide extra context when they are accurate. ### What size should an Open Graph image be? A 1200 x 630 pixel image is a practical starting point for a wide social card, but each platform may crop or resize it differently. Keep important text and logos away from the edges, use an absolute HTTPS image URL, and test the published page on your target platforms. ### Where do I paste Open Graph tags? Paste the generated meta elements inside the head element of your HTML page. If your site uses Astro, Next.js, another framework, or a CMS, place the same properties in its page metadata API or SEO settings so they render in the final server-delivered HTML. ### Why does a shared link still show old information? Social platforms cache link metadata. Confirm that the published page contains the new tags and that its image URL is publicly reachable, then use the platform's sharing debugger or inspection tool to request a fresh scrape. A local preview cannot clear a platform cache. ### Does the preview look exactly like Facebook or LinkedIn? No. It is a representative layout for checking hierarchy, image shape, and text length. Networks and messaging apps choose their own fonts, crops, fallbacks, and truncation rules, so always validate the deployed URL on the services where the link will be shared. ## Related tools - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/) - [SERP Snippet Preview](https://candoya.com/tools/serp-snippet-preview/) - [UTM Link Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/utm-link-builder/) - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/) - [Topical Map Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Palindrome Checker - Test Words and Phrases" description: "Use this free palindrome checker to test words, phrases and numbers instantly. Adjust spaces, punctuation, case and accents in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/palindrome-checker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Palindrome Checker Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a palindrome checker? A palindrome checker tests whether a word, phrase or number reads the same forward and backward. It can ignore letter case, spaces, punctuation and accents before comparing both directions. The result updates as you type, shows the exact normalized text, and stays entirely in your browser. Use the comparison rules to match the definition you need. Standard phrase checks usually ignore case, whitespace and punctuation. Strict checks can keep every character. The result shows both the **compared text** and its reverse, so a surprising answer is easy to verify instead of being a bare yes or no. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the text** - Type or paste a word, sentence, number or other sequence into the input box. 2. **Choose the rules** - Decide whether case, spaces, punctuation and accent marks should affect the comparison. 3. **Read the live verdict** - Compare the normalized and reversed rows, then inspect the first unmatched pair if the text fails. 4. **Copy the compared text** - Copy the normalized value when you need it for a puzzle, lesson or code test. ## Who it's for - **Puzzle fans** verify words, clues and phrase palindromes while solving or creating games. - **Students and teachers** demonstrate string normalization and mirrored sequences with visible intermediate steps. - **Developers** check expected inputs while practicing palindrome algorithms or writing test cases. - **Writers and name creators** explore symmetric words, titles and short lines without sending drafts to a server. ## Expert note Unicode text should be reversed by grapheme cluster, not UTF-16 code unit. This checker normalizes text and segments user-perceived characters first, which avoids splitting surrogate pairs or combining sequences during comparison. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded when I use the palindrome checker? No. The palindrome check runs locally in your browser. Words, phrases, classroom examples and draft text are not sent to a server, and you can clear the input at any time. ### Is this palindrome checker free? Yes. You can check as many words, phrases and numbers as you need without signing up, installing software or paying. The result updates live as you type or change a comparison rule. ### How much text can I check? There is no fixed service limit because the comparison runs on your device. Very large pasted documents can take more browser memory, but ordinary words, sentences, lists and code-test strings are checked instantly. ### Does a palindrome ignore spaces and punctuation? Usually, phrase palindromes ignore spaces, punctuation and capitalization. That is why “Never odd or even” qualifies. The checker enables those rules by default, but you can turn any rule off for an exact character-by-character comparison. ### Are single letters and one-digit numbers palindromes? Yes. A sequence with one comparable character reads the same in both directions, so a single letter or digit is a palindrome. Empty input is shown as waiting for text instead of being labeled true. ### Does the checker work with accented and non-English text? Yes. It recognizes Unicode text and keeps accents significant by default. Turn on Ignore accents when you want a base letter such as é to compare like e. Locale-aware lowercasing is used when Ignore case is enabled. ### Why does the checker show normalized text? The normalized row reveals exactly which characters were compared after your selected rules removed spaces or punctuation and adjusted case or accents. The reversed row makes the verdict transparent and helps identify unexpected mismatches. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Paragraph Counter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online paragraph counter to count paragraphs in your text plus words, sentences and average paragraph length. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/paragraph-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Paragraph Counter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a paragraph counter? A paragraph counter is a free tool that instantly tallies the paragraphs in your text and shows how long each one runs - average words and sentences per paragraph, plus the longest and shortest. It treats a blank line as the break between paragraphs, updates live as you type, and works entirely in your browser so your draft stays private. The counter runs entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript, so your text never touches a server, there's no account, and there are no length limits beyond what your device can handle. A paragraph is counted as a block of text separated from the next by a blank line, which matches how word processors and publishing tools treat prose. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Type or paste your text into the box above, using blank lines between paragraphs. 2. **Read the counts** - Total paragraphs, words, sentences and characters update live as you type. 3. **Check paragraph length** - See the average words and sentences per paragraph plus the longest and shortest, then copy your text when you are done. ## Who it's for - **Writers and bloggers** keeping paragraphs short and scannable for the web. - **Students** hitting an assignment paragraph count or checking essay structure. - **Editors** spotting bloated paragraphs that need splitting for readability. - **Content teams** matching a style guide's paragraph-length rules across a piece. ## Expert note We count a paragraph as a run of lines separated from the next block by a blank line - so a single line break inside a paragraph (a soft wrap) does not start a new one. If your text has no blank lines at all, the whole block counts as one paragraph, which is why pasting from a chat or a single-spaced note can read as 1 until you add the blank lines back. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the paragraph counter free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. Everything runs in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Paragraphs are counted locally in your browser; your text never leaves your device. ### How does it decide where a paragraph ends? A blank line ends a paragraph. Any block of consecutive non-empty lines counts as one paragraph, so a single line break inside a block keeps it as the same paragraph. ### Why does my text show only 1 paragraph? Your text probably has no blank lines between paragraphs - for example when it was pasted single-spaced. Add an empty line between each block and the count will update instantly. ### Does it also count words and sentences? Yes. Alongside the paragraph total you get words, sentences and characters for the whole text, plus the average words and sentences per paragraph. ### Does it work in languages other than English? Yes. Paragraphs are found from blank lines, which works in any language, and sentences use your browser's Unicode rules that cover scripts like Chinese and Japanese too. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Parts of Speech Tagger - Private Online POS" description: "Use this parts of speech tagger to label English words by grammatical role. Review token scores and export CSV with private on-device AI." url: https://candoya.com/tools/parts-of-speech-tagger/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Parts of Speech Tagger Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a parts of speech tagger? A parts of speech tagger labels each word or punctuation token by its grammatical role in context, such as noun, verb, adjective, determiner, or pronoun. This tool runs an English BERT model in your browser, presents 17 concise tags, and exports the result without sending your text to an analysis server. **This parts of speech tagger uses an English BERT-base token-classification model** converted to ONNX for Transformers.js. It returns 17 standard labels: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, SYM, VERB, and X. Hover over an annotated token to see its full label and model score. The first run downloads a quantized model file of roughly 96 MB with WebGPU or 110 MB with the WebAssembly fallback, plus tokenizer and runtime files. Inference runs in a worker so the page stays responsive. Your text remains in the browser, while the public model files are fetched from external hosts and normally cached for later use. ## How to use it 1. **Enter an English passage** - Paste up to 3,000 characters from a sentence, paragraph, draft, or transcript. Load the example to preview the result format. 2. **Run the local POS model** - Click Tag parts of speech and allow the first model download to finish. Later visits can normally reuse the browser cache. 3. **Inspect the context** - Read the colored annotation, compare tag counts, and use the token table to review each label and score. 4. **Copy or export** - Copy the tab-separated tags or download CSV, then verify ambiguous or important labels before reusing them. ## Who it's for - **Students and language learners** checking how words function inside a complete English sentence. - **Teachers and tutors** creating token-level examples for grammar lessons and classroom discussion. - **Writers and editors** inspecting patterns such as dense noun phrases, repeated modifiers, or weak verb choice. - **NLP developers and researchers** exporting a quick CSV sample before designing a larger tagging or corpus workflow. ## Expert note A word's part of speech depends on context: 'book' is a verb in 'book a flight' but a noun in 'read a book.' The model evaluates the surrounding passage, yet its score is not a calibrated guarantee that a grammar teacher would choose the same label. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Your passage is sent to a worker inside your browser, not to an analysis API. The first run still needs network access to fetch Transformers.js, tokenizer data, and public model weights from external hosts. Those files are normally cached, and their requests do not contain the text you entered. ### Is this parts of speech tagger free? Yes. There is no account, payment, API key, or tagging quota. Your own device performs inference. The practical costs are the initial model download, local browser storage, memory, and processing time. Your network provider may still charge for the data used to download the model. ### How much text can I tag at once? Each run accepts up to 3,000 Unicode characters. The tool splits longer input into smaller whitespace-safe passages before model inference. For a full document, tag coherent sections separately so sentence context stays intact, then combine the reviewed CSV exports if you need one larger dataset. ### Which parts of speech does the model identify? The model has 17 labels: adjective, adposition, adverb, auxiliary, coordinating conjunction, determiner, interjection, noun, number, particle, pronoun, proper noun, punctuation, subordinating conjunction, symbol, verb, and other. Adposition covers roles commonly called prepositions or postpositions, while X catches tokens outside the main categories. ### How accurate is an online parts of speech checker? Accuracy depends on how closely your text resembles the model's English training examples. Complete, conventional sentences are easier than fragments, unusual names, code, specialist jargon, or creative spelling. Scores rank the model's own predictions but are not calibrated probabilities, so verify labels used for teaching, publishing, or research. ### Can the same word receive different POS tags? Yes. English words often change grammatical role with context. 'Light' can be a noun, adjective, or verb, and 'record' can be a noun or verb. A contextual tagger examines neighboring tokens instead of using a simple dictionary lookup, but genuinely ambiguous sentences can still produce a debatable label. ### Does the POS tagger work without WebGPU? Yes. The worker tries WebGPU first when a compatible graphics adapter is available. If WebGPU is missing or model startup fails, it retries with the WebAssembly CPU backend. Both paths use the same 17-label model, but CPU loading and inference can take longer on low-power devices. ### Can I tag languages other than English? This page is for English text. The model is English-specific and uses an uncased English BERT tokenizer. It may return labels for other languages, but those predictions lack the same training basis and can be misleading. Use a language-specific or multilingual POS model when working with non-English text. ## Related tools - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Text Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pascal Case Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free Pascal case converter for text, camelCase, snake_case and kebab-case. Convert live to PascalCase in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pascal-case-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Pascal Case Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a Pascal case converter? A Pascal case converter turns text or code-style names into uppercase-first identifiers like CustomerProfileUrl. Paste a phrase, camelCase, snake_case, kebab-case or mixed punctuation and the result updates live. It is useful when a class name, type name, component name or schema name needs every word capitalized. This converter runs **entirely in your browser**, so pasted code, product labels and private drafts are not uploaded. It splits common identifier boundaries such as `HTTPServerError`, `customer_profile_url` and `invoice-total`, then removes separators and capitalizes every detected word. Unicode letters stay intact by default for multilingual identifiers, and strict ASCII mode folds Latin accents when a destination only accepts plain `a-z`, `0-9` and case changes. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Enter a phrase, list of labels or existing identifiers. Each input line becomes one output line. 2. **Review the live output** - The tool converts separators, spaces and case boundaries into PascalCase as you type. 3. **Pick character handling** - Leave Unicode letters on for multilingual text, or turn it off when you need strict ASCII identifiers. 4. **Copy the result** - Use Copy to grab the converted identifier or the full converted column. ## Who it's for - **Developers** renaming classes, types, enums, React components or schema names before pasting them into TypeScript, Java, C#, Swift or Kotlin. - **Design-system teams** turning token labels, component names and Figma exports into predictable PascalCase component keys. - **Data teams** cleaning spreadsheet headers into class-like names for generated models, migrations and API payloads. - **Technical writers** creating code examples that match PascalCase naming conventions without manual cleanup. ## Expert note The converter splits acronym runs before title-case words, so `HTTPServerError` becomes `HttpServerError` instead of the noisy `HTTPServerError` or `HttPServerError`. That rule keeps class names readable after a bulk cleanup. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Pascal case converter free? Yes. The tool is free, does not require sign-up and has no practical line limit for normal browser use. Paste one value or a whole column and convert it instantly. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Conversion happens locally in your browser. Your identifiers, internal field names, API payloads and draft text stay on your device. ### What does PascalCase mean? PascalCase is a naming style where words are joined with no spaces and every word starts with a capital letter, such as `CustomerProfileUrl`. It is common for classes, types, enums, components and some generated model names. ### Can it convert camelCase, snake_case or kebab-case? Yes. It detects separators and case boundaries, so `customerProfileUrl`, `customer_profile_url` and `customer-profile-url` all become `CustomerProfileUrl`. It also handles spaces, punctuation and existing PascalCase. ### What is PascalCase used for? PascalCase is usually used for classes, type names, React and Vue components, C# properties in some codebases and schema or model names such as `CustomerProfileUrl`. Use it when the destination style expects a capital first letter on every word. ### Does it support accents and non-English text? Yes. Unicode letters are kept by default, so words in Cyrillic, Greek, Hindi, Chinese and other scripts are preserved when they are separated by spaces or punctuation. Turn Unicode off only when you need strict ASCII output. ### Can I convert many names at once? Yes. Paste one value per line and the tool returns one converted identifier per line in the same order, which is handy for spreadsheet headers, database columns and bulk code cleanup. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Camel Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/camel-case-converter/) - [Snake Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/snake-case-converter/) - [Kebab Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/kebab-case-converter/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Passphrase Generator - Secure Random Words" description: "Generate a secure random passphrase from EFF words. Adjust length and separators, see honest entropy, and copy it locally in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/passphrase-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Passphrase Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a passphrase generator? A passphrase generator selects unrelated words at random to make a secret that is long, hard to guess, and easier to type than random characters. This one uses the browser's cryptographic random source and a local 1,296-word EFF list. Your generated phrase stays on your device. This generator bundles [EFF Short Wordlist #1](https://www.eff.org/files/2016/09/08/eff_short_wordlist_1.txt), published by the Electronic Frontier Foundation under [CC BY 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Each word is chosen independently from 1,296 possibilities with the Web Crypto API. The tool uses rejection sampling so every word has the same chance, then joins the words using your chosen separator. It makes no network request to generate a phrase. The entropy total counts only random choices. A fixed separator and predictable title case do not enlarge the search space, so they add zero bits. A random four-digit number or symbol does add measurable entropy because its value is selected independently. Use those options to satisfy a site's password rules, not as a substitute for enough words. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the word count** - Pick 3 to 10 words. Six is the default and gives about 62 bits from the 1,296-word list before optional extras. 2. **Set the format** - Choose a hyphen, space, dot, or underscore. Add title case, a random four-digit number, or a random symbol only when the target password policy needs them. 3. **Generate securely** - Press Generate another at any time. The browser selects every word and optional value with its cryptographic random number generator. 4. **Copy and store it safely** - Copy the phrase once, save it in a trusted password manager, and avoid reusing it for another account or encrypted file. ## Who it's for - **Password manager users** creating a master passphrase they can remember and type without exposing a short, human-made phrase. - **Laptop and phone owners** choosing a long secret for full-disk encryption or an encrypted backup. - **Developers and administrators** protecting SSH keys, recovery archives, Wi-Fi networks, and other secrets that may need manual entry. - **Teams with strict password policies** adding a random number, symbol, or title case while keeping the core word choices unbiased. ## Expert note Mapping a 32-bit random value directly with value % 1296 would slightly favor some words because 1,296 does not divide 2^32. This generator rejects values in the incomplete upper tail before applying the remainder, preserving a uniform 1-in-1,296 chance for every entry. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this passphrase generator free? Yes. It is free to use without an account, download, or generation limit. The working code and EFF wordlist load with the page, and the passphrase itself is created by your browser. You can regenerate as often as you need. ### Is my generated passphrase uploaded or saved? No. Random word selection happens locally in your browser, and the generated phrase is not sent to CanDoYa. The tool does not save a history. Remember that your operating system or browser may keep clipboard history after you press Copy. ### How many words can I generate? You can choose from 3 to 10 words. The default six-word phrase has about 62 bits of ideal entropy with this 1,296-word list. Three or four words have a much smaller search space, while each additional independent word adds about 10.34 bits. ### Is this the same as Diceware? It follows the same core method: choose each word independently from a numbered list. Classic Diceware uses physical dice. This tool replaces the dice rolls with cryptographically secure browser randomness and uses EFF Short Wordlist #1, which contains 1,296 entries mapped to four dice. ### Does capitalization or a separator make the phrase stronger? Not when the format is fixed and visible. An attacker can assume you used title case and a hyphen, so those choices add no random entropy. The tool reports strength from random word, digit, and symbol choices only instead of treating cosmetic formatting as secret. ### Can I use a passphrase as my password manager master password? A long, independently generated passphrase is well suited to a secret you must remember and type, including a password manager master password. Use enough words, keep the phrase unique, protect any written recovery copy, and follow the password manager's own recovery guidance. ### Should I keep generating until the words form a sentence? No. Repeatedly rejecting phrases until one looks meaningful introduces human preference into an otherwise uniform process. Accept unrelated words unless a word is genuinely difficult for you to type or remember. If you reroll, keep the word count high and do not edit the result into a familiar quote. ## Related tools - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [Password Strength Meter](https://candoya.com/tools/password-strength-meter/) - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) - [Rail Fence Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/rail-fence-cipher/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Passport Photo Maker - Crop to Common Sizes" description: "Make a passport-size photo with common presets, manual framing, and exact pixel output. Private browser processing with no upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/passport-photo-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Passport Photo Maker Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does a passport photo maker do? A passport photo maker crops a portrait to a chosen passport or ID photo shape and exports it at exact pixel dimensions. Use common 2 x 2 inch, 35 x 45 mm, and 50 x 70 mm starting points, adjust the framing yourself, then download a JPEG without uploading the image. The editor runs entirely in your browser and adds no watermark. It changes the crop and output dimensions only: it does not remove backgrounds, detect faces, judge lighting, or certify that a photo will be accepted. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a portrait** - Add a clear, front-facing JPG, PNG, or WebP photo with enough space around the head and shoulders. 2. **Select a starting size** - Pick a common preset or enter the exact pixel width and height stated by the authority or application form. 3. **Adjust the framing** - Use zoom and position controls to place the face, with the optional composition guide as a visual aid only. 4. **Create and check** - Generate the JPEG, confirm its dimensions, then compare the result with the current official photo instructions before submitting. ## Who it's for - **Passport and visa applicants** can prepare a digital photo to the pixel dimensions listed by an application portal. - **Parents and caregivers** can frame a well-lit home portrait before checking the special rules that may apply to children and infants. - **Travelers and expats** can create a replacement file locally when an online form asks for a different photo shape. - **Print-shop customers** can bring a clean single-photo JPEG while leaving final print sizing and compliance checks to the shop. ## Expert note A correct width-to-height ratio is only one requirement: authorities can also specify head size, eye line, background, expression, image age, file size, and whether self-made or digitally altered photos are allowed. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my passport photo uploaded anywhere? No. The browser reads, crops, previews, and exports the image on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the selected photo or result, although normal site analytics may still record a page visit. ### Is this passport photo maker free? Yes. You can use the size presets, custom dimensions, framing controls, and JPEG download without an account, subscription, watermark, or paywall. ### What are the file limits? The tool accepts JPG, PNG, and WebP files up to 25 MB, with a maximum source edge of 12,000 pixels and 40 megapixels total. Custom output can range from 100 to 3,000 pixels per side, up to 9 megapixels. ### Does this tool guarantee my photo will be accepted? No. It formats the crop and pixel dimensions but cannot verify identity-document rules or biometric compliance. Requirements vary by authority and document and can change, so compare the finished photo with the current official instructions before submitting it. ### What size should I choose for a passport photo? Choose the exact dimensions named by the authority handling your application. The included 600 x 600, 413 x 531, and 591 x 827 pixel presets are common starting points, not universal standards. Use Custom when your instructions specify another size. ### Does the tool remove or replace the background? No. It preserves the pixels in your original image and only crops and resizes them. Take the source photo against the background required by your application, with even lighting and no unwanted shadows. ### Can I print the downloaded photo directly? The download is a single JPEG at the selected pixel dimensions. Print size also depends on printer settings and resolution metadata, so ask your print provider to place it at the required physical size without automatic cropping or stretching. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Password Generator - Strong Random Passwords" description: "Generate strong random passwords free online. Pick the length and symbols, see entropy and crack time, copy in one click. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Password Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a password generator? A password generator creates strong random passwords using a cryptographically secure random source. You choose the length and which characters to include - uppercase, lowercase, numbers, symbols - and it builds unpredictable passwords no human would pick. This one runs entirely in your browser, so a generated password is never sent anywhere. Every password is built locally with the browser's **Web Crypto random number generator** - the same secure source used for encryption keys - so nothing is uploaded and the tool keeps working offline once the page has loaded. Random bytes are mapped to characters with rejection sampling instead of a plain remainder, so **the mapping never skews toward part of the character pool**. Set the length with the slider, tick the character types you need, and every selected type is guaranteed to appear at least once. The strength panel shows the entropy in bits and how long an offline attack at ten billion guesses per second would need on average. ## How to use it 1. **Set the length** - Drag the slider or type a length from 4 to 128 characters. Sixteen is a strong default; use more for critical accounts. 2. **Pick character types** - Tick uppercase, lowercase, numbers and symbols. Each selected type is guaranteed to appear at least once. Turn on the look-alike filter if the password will be typed by hand. 3. **Generate** - Passwords are created instantly, and every settings change re-rolls a fresh batch. Press Regenerate any time for a new set. 4. **Copy and check the strength** - Copy a single password or the whole list, and read the strength panel - entropy in bits and the average time an offline attacker would need to crack it. ## Who it's for - **Anyone opening a new account** who needs a strong, unique password instead of reusing an old one. - **Password-manager users** generating a random login to store in their vault right away. - **IT admins and helpdesks** issuing temporary passwords - the look-alike filter avoids O/0 and l/1 mix-ups when a password is read out or typed by hand. - **Developers and sysadmins** minting database, service-account and Wi-Fi credentials in one batch. - **People on legacy sites** that block symbols or cap the length - just untick symbols or shorten the slider to match the site's rules. ## Expert note Naive generators map random bytes to characters with a remainder operation (byte % pool size), which silently makes the first few characters of the pool more likely - a measurable bias called modulo bias. This tool rejects out-of-range bytes instead, and the guaranteed one-character-per-type picks are shuffled back in with a crypto-backed Fisher-Yates pass, so their positions are as unpredictable as everything else. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this password generator free? Yes, completely free with no sign-up, no ads to unlock and no limits. Everything runs in your browser, so you can generate as many passwords as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### Are the generated passwords sent to a server? No. Passwords are created locally with the Web Crypto API in your browser and never leave your device. Nothing is logged, stored or transmitted - close the tab and the passwords exist only where you pasted them. ### Is it safe to use an online password generator? It is safe when the generation happens client-side from a cryptographically secure source, as here: the password is produced on your device and never travels over the network. Avoid tools that generate passwords on a server, since the operator could log them. ### How long should a password be? Use at least 12-16 characters with several character types; 16 mixed characters gives about 103 bits of entropy, far beyond brute force. For password-manager master passwords or disk encryption, go longer - 20 characters or more. ### What does the entropy figure mean? Entropy measures the size of the password space an attacker has to search, in bits: each extra bit doubles it. The figure shown is length x log2(pool size), so length raises it fastest - 60 bits or more is strong against online attacks, 128 bits resists offline cracking. Guaranteeing one character per type trims a fraction of a bit off this ideal, which is negligible at these lengths. ### What does the look-alike filter exclude? It removes the six characters most often confused when a password is read or typed by hand: capital I, lowercase l, digit 1, capital O, digit 0 and lowercase o. The pool shrinks slightly, so add a character or two of length to compensate. ### Why does my password always contain a number and a symbol? When a character type is ticked, the generator guarantees at least one character of that type, so the password passes site rules like 'must contain a digit and a special character' on the first try. The guaranteed characters are shuffled into random positions. ### Should I use a different password for every site? Yes. Reused passwords are the main way one leaked site compromises your other accounts through credential stuffing. Generate a unique random password per site and keep them in a password manager, so you only ever memorize one strong master password. ## Related tools - [Passphrase Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/passphrase-generator/) - [Password Strength Meter](https://candoya.com/tools/password-strength-meter/) - [Rail Fence Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/rail-fence-cipher/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Password Protect PDF - Free AES-256 Tool" description: "Password protect a PDF with real AES-256 encryption in your browser. Add an opening password and reader permissions with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/password-protect-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Password Protect PDF Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I password protect a PDF online? Choose an unprotected PDF, enter and confirm an opening password, then download the encrypted copy. This password protect PDF tool applies the PDF Standard Security Handler with AES-256 inside your browser. The document and passwords stay on your device, and the original file is never changed. This tool adds **real document encryption**, not a visual lock screen or renamed file. It creates a revision 6 Standard Security dictionary and encrypts the document with AES-256. Anyone who receives the protected copy must enter the opening password in a compatible PDF reader. You can also set an owner password and choose whether readers may print, copy, edit, or fill forms. The source PDF is processed in temporary browser memory. There is no upload queue, account, watermark, or server-side copy. Store the password safely and share it through a different channel from the PDF. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the PDF** - Drop one unprotected PDF into the workspace or click the file area. Files up to 100 MB are accepted. 2. **Set the opening password** - Enter the password twice. For better resistance to guessing, use at least 12 characters and avoid familiar words or patterns. 3. **Review optional permissions** - Open Advanced permissions if you want a separate owner password or need to limit printing, copying, editing, or form filling. 4. **Protect and download** - Click Protect PDF, wait for local encryption, then download the verified AES-256 copy. Test it with the password before deleting the original. ## Who it's for - **Finance and operations teams** protecting statements, invoices, and internal reports before sharing them outside the company. - **Freelancers and agencies** adding an opening password to client drafts, proposals, and deliverables sent by email. - **Students and researchers** limiting casual access to unpublished papers, interview notes, and application documents. - **Individuals** securing copies of identification, tax records, and other personal documents stored in shared locations. ## Expert note An opening password provides cryptographic confidentiality, but PDF permission flags are advisory. Compliant readers usually honor limits on printing, copying, and editing, while specialized software may ignore them. Use a strong opening password when the document itself must remain unreadable without authorization. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF or password uploaded? No. The document bytes and every password stay in your browser tab while the PDF is encrypted. CanDoYa does not receive or store them. The output is created in temporary browser memory and becomes a local download when encryption and verification finish. ### Is this PDF password protector free? Yes. You can password protect PDFs without creating an account, paying for a plan, or adding a watermark. The work runs on your device, so there is no server processing queue. The practical limits are the 100 MB file cap and your browser's available memory. ### What encryption does the protected PDF use? The output uses AES-256 with the PDF Standard Security Handler, version 5 and revision 6. That is a standard password-based encryption format for modern PDF readers. The tool verifies that the expected encryption dictionary exists before it offers the file for download. ### What happens if I forget the PDF password? There is no recovery feature or back door. Without the opening password, a strongly protected PDF may be impossible to read. Keep the original unprotected document in a secure location and save the password in a trusted password manager before sending or deleting anything. ### Can I protect a PDF that already has a password? No. The tool rejects PDFs that are already encrypted instead of applying a second layer that could corrupt or lock away their contents. First open the document with its current password and save an unprotected copy, then add that copy here with the new password. ### Do the printing and copying restrictions always work? No. Those permissions are requests recorded inside the encrypted PDF and depend on the reader honoring them. Most standard viewers do, but determined users may bypass permission flags with specialized software. The opening password is the cryptographic control that prevents the document from being read. ### Will password protection change the PDF pages? The tool encrypts the existing PDF objects and keeps the page count and content intact. It does not rasterize pages, add a watermark, or lower image quality. Digital signatures may no longer validate after any file-level rewrite, so protect a document before applying a final signature workflow. ## Related tools - [Redact PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/redact-pdf/) - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) - [PDF Metadata Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/edit-pdf-metadata/) - [PDF Form Filler](https://candoya.com/tools/fill-pdf-form/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Password Strength Meter - Check Guessability" description: "Check password strength with pattern-aware scoring, crack-time estimates, and useful feedback. Analysis runs locally in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/password-strength-meter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Password Strength Meter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a password strength meter? A password strength meter estimates how many guesses an attacker may need by checking length, common passwords, dictionary words, dates, repeats, keyboard paths, and substitutions. This checker reports a score and attack-time scenarios locally in your browser, so the password is not uploaded for analysis. This meter uses a compact local model inspired by password-cracking strategies. Unlike a simple checklist, it can recognize that a familiar word with a capital letter, number, and symbol may still be easy to guess. It checks a focused list of common passwords and words plus dates, repeats, sequences, keyboard paths, and common substitutions. It cannot protect against phishing, malware, reuse, or a breached service. Crack time depends heavily on how a site stores passwords. The slow-hash figure assumes 10,000 guesses per second, while the fast-hash figure assumes 10 billion. Treat both as comparisons, not promises. For an account you care about, use a unique password from a password manager and enable multi-factor authentication. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a password** - Type a test password or load the example. The local pattern dictionaries are loaded only for this tool. 2. **Read the score** - Compare the 0-to-4 strength score, estimated guess count, and slow-hash and fast-hash attack scenarios. 3. **Follow the feedback** - Replace predictable words, dates, sequences, or repeated patterns. Adding more unrelated words is usually more useful than cosmetic substitutions. 4. **Use a unique result** - Create and save the final password in a trusted password manager, and never reuse it on another account. ## Who it's for - **People reviewing an old password** who want to spot common words, dates, repeats, and keyboard patterns before replacing it. - **Developers testing sign-up UX** who need a realistic score and actionable feedback instead of rigid character-class rules. - **Security trainers** comparing short complex-looking passwords with longer, less predictable passphrases. - **Password manager users** checking the guessability of a memorable master-password candidate without sending it to a server. ## Expert note A score is not Shannon entropy: this meter lowers its brute-force estimate when it detects likely human patterns, which is why P@ssw0rd1 can score below a much longer random phrase even though it uses more character classes. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my password uploaded or saved? No. The checker and its pattern dictionaries run in your browser, and the password is not sent to CanDoYa for scoring or storage. For extra caution, test a structurally similar example instead of a password currently used on a real account. ### Is this password strength meter free? Yes. You can use it without an account, payment, or usage limit. The estimator loads in the page and performs the analysis locally. No password is required from you beyond the text you choose to enter into the checker. ### What is the maximum password length? The input accepts up to 256 Unicode characters. The cap keeps pattern analysis responsive on phones and older computers. Most services allow far less, so always check the target site's own maximum before generating or changing a password. ### How does the password strength checker work? It starts with the search space implied by length and character sets, then lowers that estimate when the whole password matches likely human choices: common passwords or words, dates, repeated text, sequences, keyboard paths, and predictable substitutions. The resulting guess count maps to a score from 0 to 4. ### Does a strong score mean my password has never leaked? No. Strength scoring and breach checking answer different questions. This meter estimates guessability from patterns; it does not query a breached-password database. A strong-looking password may still be unsafe if it was reused, exposed, phished, or stored insecurely by a service. ### Are the crack-time estimates exact? No. They are rough comparisons based on assumed guessing rates. Real speed depends on the hash algorithm, its work factor, hardware, rate limits, and whether an attacker knows personal details. Use the times to compare candidates, not to predict a guaranteed survival time. ### Should every password contain uppercase letters, numbers, and symbols? Not necessarily. Length, uniqueness, and unpredictability matter more than satisfying a fixed composition checklist. A predictable base word with common substitutions can remain weak. A password manager can create a long random password without relying on a memorable pattern. ## Related tools - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [Passphrase Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/passphrase-generator/) - [PBKDF2 Derive](https://candoya.com/tools/pbkdf2-derive/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PBKDF2 Generator - Derive Keys Online" description: "PBKDF2 generator to derive hex or Base64 keys from a password with configurable salt, hash, iterations and length. Runs locally in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pbkdf2-derive/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free PBKDF2 Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a PBKDF2 generator? A PBKDF2 generator turns a password or passphrase into fixed-length key material by repeatedly applying an HMAC hash with a salt. Set the salt, hash, iteration count and output length to reproduce the same bytes in another compatible system. This page performs the derivation locally with Web Crypto. PBKDF2 is useful when an existing protocol or compliance requirement specifies it. A random salt prevents identical passwords from producing identical stored values, while the iteration count raises the cost of each password guess. Save the salt, hash, iterations and key length beside the result because all four parameters are needed for later verification. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the password** - Type the password or passphrase that will provide the input key material. 2. **Set the salt** - Use the generated 16-byte hexadecimal salt or paste the exact salt required by your protocol. 3. **Choose the parameters** - Select the HMAC hash, iteration count, output length and output encoding. 4. **Derive and copy** - Click Derive key, then copy the resulting hex or Base64 bytes. ## Who it's for - **Protocol compatibility** - reproduce key material for systems that specify PBKDF2 parameters. - **Test-vector checks** - compare browser output with Python, OpenSSL, Java or .NET implementations. - **Password-storage experiments** - see how salts and work factors change a derived value. - **Encryption prototypes** - derive fixed-length bytes for a local proof of concept before implementing key management. ## Expert note PBKDF2 inputs are byte sequences, not abstract text. This tool encodes the password as UTF-8 and reads the salt as hexadecimal bytes, so cross-language results match only when the other implementation uses those same encodings and identical parameters. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my password uploaded? No. The browser uses its local Web Crypto implementation, and the password, salt and result remain in this tab. The page does not send them to a derivation service. ### Is this PBKDF2 generator free? Yes. You can derive keys without an account, payment or usage limit. Very large iteration counts can take longer because the work happens on your device. ### What limits does the tool enforce? The iteration count can range from 1 to 10,000,000 and the output can range from 1 to 1,024 bytes. Salts must be valid hexadecimal and at least 8 bytes long. ### Which PBKDF2 settings should I use? Match the protocol you are implementing. For FIPS-oriented password storage, current OWASP guidance lists PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA-256 with 600,000 or more iterations, but production work factors should be benchmarked and reviewed as guidance changes. ### Why does PBKDF2 need a salt? A unique random salt makes the same password derive a different value for each record. That blocks useful precomputed tables and forces an attacker to test guesses separately against each salt. ### Can I reproduce the output in Python or OpenSSL? Yes. Use UTF-8 password bytes, decode the displayed salt from hex, and supply the same HMAC hash, iteration count and key length. Encoding the final bytes as hex or Base64 does not change the bytes themselves. ### Is PBKDF2 the best choice for a new password database? Not always. OWASP generally prefers Argon2id, with scrypt as another memory-hard option. PBKDF2 remains useful when a standard, existing system or FIPS requirement calls for it. ## Related tools - [HMAC Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) - [RSA Key Pair Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/rsa-key-pair-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF Link Extractor - Find URLs Privately" description: "Extract links from a PDF privately in your browser. Find clickable URLs, email addresses, internal destinations, and printed links with page numbers." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-link-extractor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # PDF Link Extractor Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I extract links from a PDF? Use this PDF link extractor to scan clickable annotations and selectable page text for web addresses, email links, and internal destinations. Results include each target's page and source, with copy and CSV export. The PDF is processed locally in your browser and is never uploaded. The extractor uses **PDF.js to inspect both the annotation layer and selectable text**. This matters because a document may contain a clickable link whose visible label is not a URL, or it may print a web address without making it clickable. Every result stays inert. The tool lists targets for review but does not visit websites, send email, run PDF actions, or change the source file. Export the audit as CSV when you need to check a report, hand links to an editor, or compare destinations in a spreadsheet. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the extractor or select it from your device. Files may be up to 100 MB and 2,000 pages. 2. **Scan every page** - Click Extract links. PDF.js inspects link annotations and selectable text locally while the progress display advances page by page. 3. **Filter the audit** - Review web, email, and internal targets together or narrow the list by type and search text. Each result shows its page and how it was found. 4. **Copy or export** - Copy one target, copy the filtered list, or download a CSV for an editorial, accessibility, or security review. ## Who it's for - **Editors and publishers** auditing every destination before a report or ebook is released. - **Researchers** collecting cited websites and email contacts from papers without opening each link. - **Accessibility teams** locating clickable annotations that need clearer visible labels or link purpose. - **Security reviewers** inventorying where a document points before deciding which destinations are safe to visit. ## Expert note A PDF's visible text and its clickable annotation are separate objects. A phrase such as 'view the report' can point to a URL that never appears on the page, while a printed URL may have no clickable annotation. Scanning both layers gives a more complete audit, but image-only text still requires OCR. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded to extract its links? No. PDF.js reads the selected file inside your browser, and CanDoYa does not receive the document or extracted targets. The PDF engine code may load when you first run the tool, but your file is not sent with that request. ### Is the PDF link extractor free? Yes. You can inspect PDFs without an account, payment, watermark, or daily quota. Copy individual targets, copy the filtered audit, and download the results as CSV at no charge. ### What are the file size and page limits? The extractor accepts one PDF up to 100 MB and 2,000 pages. Available memory and browser performance may set a lower practical limit on phones or older computers. Split a very large document if the browser cannot finish it. ### Does it find both clickable hyperlinks and printed URLs? Yes. It reads PDF link annotations and also searches selectable page text for HTTP, HTTPS, www, and email patterns. A scanned image has no text layer, so printed links in an image need OCR before they can be detected. ### Does the extractor open or check the links? No. Targets are displayed as inert text and are never opened automatically. The tool does not test whether a website is live, inspect its content, send email, or execute PDF actions. This separation makes the result suitable for a cautious first-pass audit. ### Why do I see the same URL more than once? A repeated URL can be meaningful when it appears on different pages. Within one page, matching annotation and text targets are combined where possible. The page number remains part of each result so you can find every occurrence in the source document. ### Can it extract links from a password-protected PDF? No. Remove the password in a trusted PDF application first, if you have permission, then inspect the unlocked copy. The extractor does not ask for or store PDF passwords. ### Can it find links in scanned PDFs? Clickable annotations can still be found on a scanned page, but URLs visible only inside the page image cannot. Run OCR first to create selectable text, then use the extractor again to include printed web and email addresses. ## Related tools - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) - [Extract Text by Page](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-text-by-page/) - [PDF Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-word-counter/) - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF Page Counter - Count Pages Online Free" description: "Count pages in one PDF or a whole batch online. See per-file totals, combined pages, averages, and CSV results without uploading your documents." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free PDF Page Counter Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I count pages in a PDF? A PDF page counter reads the document's page tree and reports how many pages it contains. Add one PDF or a batch to see each file's page count, the combined total, average, and largest document. The files stay on your device because counting happens entirely in your browser. Use the counter when you need a **reliable total across several documents**, not just the number shown by one open reader window. It processes files one at a time and keeps only their names, sizes, and page counts in the results table. Copy the table or download a CSV for a print quote, submission checklist, translation estimate, or document inventory. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF files** - Drop one or more PDFs onto the tool, or click Choose PDFs. Each file can be up to 100 MB. 2. **Review the page totals** - The tool reads each document locally and lists its page count, file size, the combined total, average, and largest count. 3. **Copy or export the results** - Copy the CSV-formatted results to your clipboard or download them as a CSV file for a spreadsheet. ## Who it's for - **Print and copy teams** totaling pages across reports before quoting paper, binding, or finishing work. - **Students and applicants** checking that a paper, portfolio, or supporting-document bundle stays within a submission limit. - **Translators and legal teams** inventorying document sets while keeping confidential files on the device. - **Operations teams** exporting a CSV page ledger for archived records, invoices, or review packets. ## Expert note A PDF's structural page count is not the same as its printed page labels. A cover, blank insert, or front matter labeled i, ii, and iii still consists of separate PDF pages, so it is included in this total even when the visible numbering starts later. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded? No. Your browser reads each PDF locally and keeps only its name, size, and page count in the on-page table. The files are not sent to CanDoYa or a third-party conversion service, which makes the counter suitable for contracts, applications, and other sensitive documents. ### Is this PDF page counter free? Yes. You can count pages, copy the results, and download a CSV without payment, an account, or a watermark. The tool has no daily task quota. Each PDF can be up to 100 MB, and available browser memory can set a lower practical limit on older devices. ### How many PDFs can I count at once? There is no fixed file-count limit. Files are read one at a time, and the table stores only lightweight metadata after each count. A very large batch can still make the page long or reach your browser's memory limits, so split unusually large folders into smaller groups if needed. ### Does the page count include blank pages and covers? Yes. The counter reports every page object in the PDF, including covers, blank inserts, scanned pages, and front matter. Printed labels do not change that structural total, so a cover followed by pages numbered 1 through 10 normally produces a count of 11. ### Can it count pages in scanned PDFs? Yes. A scan still has a normal PDF page structure, so text recognition is not required to count its pages. The result is the document's page total, not a count of sheets, images, words, or printed page numbers inside the scan. ### Why can't it count a password-protected PDF? An encrypted PDF must be opened with its password before its page tree can be read safely. Open the document in a PDF viewer, enter the password, and save or print an unlocked copy that you are permitted to use. Then add that copy to the counter. ### What is included in the CSV export? The CSV contains one row per successfully read PDF with its file name, exact size in bytes, and page count. You can open it in Excel, Google Sheets, Numbers, or another spreadsheet app to sort, total, annotate, or share the document inventory. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/) - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF Page Size Checker - Dimensions Online" description: "Check PDF page size online in points, inches and millimetres. Find A4, Letter, mixed sizes, orientation and rotation privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # PDF Page Size Checker Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## What is a PDF page size checker? A PDF page size checker reads every page's visible dimensions and converts them into points, inches and millimetres. It identifies common paper formats such as A4 and US Letter, adjusts for page rotation, and flags mixed-size documents before they cause printing, binding or sharing problems. **PDF files describe page geometry with boxes, not a single page-size field.** This checker uses the CropBox that a viewer displays and compares it with the full MediaBox. The analysis runs locally, so confidential briefs, reports and print files never need to leave your device. The report groups pages by physical dimensions while keeping portrait and landscape orientation visible. That means a rotated A4 page still belongs to the A4 group, while a true Letter page creates a separate size group. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the PDF** - Drop one PDF into the checker or select it from your device. You can also load the mixed-size example. 2. **Review the summary** - See the page count, number of physical paper sizes, rotated pages and CropBox differences at a glance. 3. **Inspect every page** - Compare paper matches, orientation, rotation and exact dimensions in points, inches and millimetres. 4. **Keep the report** - Copy the readable report or download the page-by-page measurements as CSV. ## Who it's for - **Print designers** can confirm trim-facing dimensions and catch a Letter page hidden inside an A4 job. - **Office teams** can inspect reports assembled from scanners, exports and attachments before printing them as one document. - **Publishers and students** can verify page orientation and paper format before submitting books, theses or portfolios. - **Developers and QA teams** can export a CSV inventory for automated checks, bug reports or production handoffs. ## Expert note PDF rotation changes how a page appears without changing its stored box dimensions, so this checker swaps width and height for 90-degree and 270-degree rotations before deciding orientation or matching a paper size. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded? No. The PDF parser runs in your browser and reads page geometry directly on your device. The file is not sent to CanDoYa for processing, so the checker is suitable for confidential reports, client documents and unreleased print work. ### Is the PDF page size checker free? Yes. You can inspect every page, copy the report and download the CSV without creating an account or installing desktop software. The current file limit is 100 MB to keep browser memory use predictable. ### How do I check a PDF page size online? Choose or drop the PDF, then read the page-size report. Each row shows its paper match, orientation, rotation and width by height in points, inches and millimetres. A summary above the table tells you whether the document mixes physical page sizes. ### Why does a rotated PDF report swapped dimensions? A PDF stores page boxes separately from its rotation instruction. A 595 by 842 point A4 page rotated 90 degrees appears as 842 by 595 points. The checker reports that displayed orientation while preserving the stored geometry in the rotation details. ### What is the difference between CropBox and MediaBox? MediaBox is the full physical page boundary. CropBox is the region a PDF viewer clips and displays, and it defaults to MediaBox when no separate crop is set. This checker measures the displayed CropBox and flags pages where it differs from MediaBox. ### How are A4, Letter and other paper sizes detected? The checker compares the shorter and longer page edges with standard dimensions using a 2.5-point tolerance, about 0.88 mm. The tolerance accepts normal rounding in generated PDFs while keeping genuinely different page sizes in separate groups. ### Can it open a password-protected PDF? No. Encrypted PDFs must be unlocked before their page geometry can be read. If the checker detects password protection, it shows a specific message and leaves the file unchanged so you can unlock it with an authorized PDF tool and try again. ## Related tools - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [PDF to Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-image/) - [Image to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF to Image Converter - PNG, JPG or WebP" description: "Convert PDF pages to PNG, JPG, or WebP images free. Choose page ranges, resolution, and quality, then download locally with no file upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-image/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free PDF to Image Converter Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I convert a PDF to an image? Use this PDF to image converter to render each selected PDF page as a PNG, JPG, or WebP file. Choose all pages or a custom range, set the resolution and quality, then download one image or a ZIP. The PDF stays on your device throughout conversion. A PDF page contains text, vectors, images, and layout instructions rather than one fixed bitmap. This converter uses PDF.js to draw the complete page onto a browser canvas, preserving everything visible in the page. **PNG keeps text and diagrams crisp**, while JPG or WebP can make photo-heavy pages much smaller. Resolution changes the actual pixel dimensions. Because PDF page dimensions use points at 72 points per inch, a US Letter page rendered at 300 DPI becomes about 2550 by 3300 pixels. Conversion happens locally, and the finished images are created as browser downloads without sending the source document to a processing server. ## How to use it 1. **Add a PDF** - Drop a PDF onto the converter or choose one from your device. You can also load the three-page example. 2. **Choose the output** - Select PNG, JPG, or WebP, then choose 96, 150, or 300 DPI. Set image quality for JPG and WebP. 3. **Pick the pages** - Convert every page or enter a range such as 1-3, 5. The converter validates the range against the document. 4. **Convert and download** - Render the selected pages, preview each result, and download one image or all results in a ZIP file. ## Who it's for - **Design and marketing teams** turning presentation pages into images for websites, social posts, and review threads. - **Students and teachers** sharing a worksheet page in apps that accept images but not PDF files. - **Operations teams** exporting selected invoice, receipt, or form pages for a visual archive. - **Developers and QA teams** creating stable page snapshots for documentation and visual comparison. ## Expert note DPI controls raster dimensions, not hidden detail. Increasing a page from 150 to 300 DPI doubles both width and height, which creates four times as many pixels and can sharply increase memory use and file size. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the PDF, renders its pages, and creates the image downloads on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the source PDF or the finished images. PDF.js is delivered as a static site asset and starts only after you choose Convert pages. ### Is the PDF to image converter free? Yes. You can convert PDF pages without payment, an account, or a watermark. Safety limits protect the browser from unusually large rendering jobs: PDFs can be up to 100 MB and 200 pages, with an additional pixel budget based on the selected pages and resolution. ### What are the PDF conversion limits? A PDF can be up to 100 MB and 200 pages. Each rendered page can be up to 12,000 pixels on either edge or 50 megapixels, and one conversion can total 120 megapixels. If a job exceeds that budget, choose fewer pages or a lower DPI. ### Should I convert PDF to PNG or JPG? Choose PNG for text, diagrams, line art, or screenshots where sharp edges matter. Choose JPG for pages dominated by photographs when a smaller file is more important than lossless detail. WebP is also useful for compact website images when the destination supports it. ### What DPI should I use for PDF to image conversion? Use 96 DPI for quick screen previews, 150 DPI for readable sharing and common web use, or 300 DPI for print and close inspection. A higher DPI creates more pixels but cannot recover detail that was absent from a scanned or low-resolution source image. ### Can I convert only selected PDF pages? Yes. Choose Custom pages and enter individual pages or ranges, such as 1-3, 5, 8-10. The results stay in the original document order, duplicate page numbers are removed, and every value must fall within the PDF page count. ### Can I convert a password-protected PDF? Not while the PDF requires a password. Remove the password in a trusted PDF application, then add the unlocked copy. The converter reports protected documents without uploading them or trying to bypass their security settings. ### Does PDF to image conversion keep selectable text? No. The output is a raster image of each complete page, so text looks the same but is no longer selectable or searchable. Use PDF to Text when you need editable text, or OCR for scanned pages that must become machine-readable. ## Related tools - [Image to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/) - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF to Text Converter - Extract Text Online" description: "Convert PDF to text free in your browser. Extract selectable text from digital PDFs, preview it, copy it or download a TXT file without uploading." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # PDF to Text Converter Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I convert a PDF to text? Use this PDF to text converter to extract the selectable text already stored in a digital PDF, then copy it or download a TXT file. Processing runs inside your browser, so the document is not uploaded. Scanned image-only PDFs need OCR, and this specific tool does not perform OCR. This converter uses **Mozilla PDF.js to read each page's existing text layer** on your device. It keeps page order and reported line endings, then gives you one editable plain-text result. Images, fonts, columns, tables, and visual formatting are not preserved in TXT output. There is an important boundary: a digital PDF stores characters that software can select and search. A scan may store only a photograph of a page. Extracting the first kind is text parsing; reading the second requires optical character recognition. This tool does the first job only. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a digital PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the tool or pick it from your device. For the best result, confirm that you can select words in your usual PDF viewer. 2. **Extract the text layer** - Click Extract text. PDF.js reads each page locally and reports progress without sending the file to a server. 3. **Review the plain text** - Check paragraphs, columns, tables, and symbols against the original. PDF reading order can differ from visual page order. 4. **Copy or download** - Edit the result if needed, copy it to the clipboard, or save it as a UTF-8 TXT file. ## Who it's for - **Researchers and students** pulling quotations or notes from searchable papers into a writing app. - **Operations teams** turning digital reports, invoices, or statements into text for internal review without uploading confidential files. - **Writers and editors** recovering copy from a PDF when the source document is unavailable. - **Accessibility workflows** checking whether a PDF contains a usable text layer before further remediation. ## Expert note A PDF records positioned drawing instructions rather than paragraphs. Even when every word is selectable, multi-column pages and tables may produce unexpected reading order because the text layer does not necessarily encode the visual structure you see. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the selected PDF locally with PDF.js, and the file is not sent to CanDoYa. The PDF engine code may download when you first use the tool, but your document is not part of that request. ### Is this PDF to text converter free? Yes. You can extract, edit, copy, and download text without an account, watermark, or payment. The work runs on your device, so there is no server conversion queue or uploaded file to retrieve later. ### What are the PDF size and page limits? The tool accepts one PDF up to 100 MB and 2,000 pages. Available memory and device speed can impose a lower practical limit, especially on phones. Split a very large document into smaller PDFs if the browser cannot finish it. ### Can this tool extract text from a scanned PDF? Not when the scan contains only page images. This converter reads existing selectable text and does not perform OCR. A scanned PDF needs an OCR tool that recognizes characters from pixels. Some mixed PDFs contain selectable text on certain pages but not others; the result flags pages with no text. ### Why is the extracted text in the wrong order? PDF pages position text fragments at coordinates and may not store a clear paragraph or column order. PDF.js follows the document's text items and line endings, which can differ from the visual reading order in multi-column layouts, tables, headers, or complex forms. ### Does PDF to text preserve formatting and images? No. TXT files contain plain characters only, so fonts, colors, images, links, columns, and table borders are not preserved. Line breaks come from the PDF text layer and may need editing after extraction. ### Why is a password-protected PDF rejected? The browser cannot read an encrypted document without its password. Open the PDF in a trusted viewer, enter the password, and save an unlocked copy if you have permission. Then add that copy to the converter. ### Which languages can be extracted from a PDF? The parser is not tied to one language. It can return Unicode text in any script when the PDF contains a correct character map and selectable text. If a document uses missing or custom font mappings, copied characters may still be incomplete or incorrect. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/) - [Image to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF Word Counter - Count Words Privately" description: "Count words in a PDF privately in your browser. See words, characters, sentences, reading time and per-page totals without uploading the document." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-word-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # PDF Word Counter Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I count words in a PDF? Use this PDF word counter to read a digital PDF's selectable text and calculate its words, characters, sentences, reading time, and per-page totals. The document stays in your browser and is never uploaded. Image-only scans need OCR before their words can be counted. The counter uses **PDF.js to read the text layer already stored in each page**, then applies Unicode-aware text segmentation in your browser. The per-page table helps you spot unusually dense pages, empty pages, or sections that may have been missed. PDF files describe positioned text fragments rather than the paragraphs you see on screen. Headers, footers, tables, columns, and references are included when they exist in the text layer. The tool does not guess which sections a publisher or university excludes from an official limit. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a digital PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the counter or select it from your device. You should be able to highlight its words in a normal PDF viewer. 2. **Count the text** - Click Count words. PDF.js reads each page locally and shows progress while it builds the totals. 3. **Review the results** - Check words, characters, sentences, reading time, and the page-by-page breakdown. Empty pages are clearly flagged. 4. **Copy the summary** - Copy a plain-text report for a submission note, estimate, or editorial record, or clear the file and count another PDF. ## Who it's for - **Students** checking whether a submitted essay or dissertation PDF stays near an assignment limit. - **Editors and writers** sizing manuscripts, reports, and proofs when the source document is unavailable. - **Translators** estimating document scope while keeping client files on their own device. - **Researchers** comparing section density and finding pages with little or no selectable text. ## Expert note Word totals can differ from Microsoft Word because a PDF stores text in positioned fragments. Hyphenation at line breaks, repeated headers, footers, and the document's reading order can all change the count. For a formal limit, use the submitting organization's stated method. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded to count its words? No. PDF.js reads the selected document inside your browser, and CanDoYa does not receive the file or extracted text. The PDF engine code may load when you first use the counter, but your document is not sent with that request. ### Is the PDF word counter free? Yes. You can count PDFs without an account, payment, watermark, or daily quota. Processing happens on your device, so there is no upload queue or converted file stored on a server. ### What are the file size and page limits? The counter accepts one PDF up to 100 MB and 2,000 pages. Device memory and browser performance may set a lower practical limit, especially on phones. Split a very large PDF if your browser cannot finish it. ### Can it count words in a scanned PDF? Only if the scan already has an OCR text layer. An image-only PDF contains pixels rather than selectable characters, so it will show zero readable words. Run OCR first, then count the searchable result. ### Why does the PDF word count differ from Word? The applications may reconstruct line breaks, hyphenated words, tables, headers, and footers differently. This counter reads the PDF's text layer as stored. An exported Word document may merge or split fragments, so small differences are normal. ### Does the count include footnotes and references? Yes, when those sections contain selectable text. The counter reports every readable word in the PDF and does not automatically exclude a bibliography, captions, headers, or footnotes. Use the per-page breakdown and your submission rules to interpret the total. ### Which languages can the PDF word counter read? It uses the browser's Unicode-aware segmenter, so it can count many scripts when the PDF has correct character mappings. Counts for languages without spaces depend on browser segmentation support, and damaged or custom font maps can still produce incomplete text. ### Can it open a password-protected PDF? No. Remove the password in a trusted PDF viewer first, if you have permission, then count the unlocked copy. The counter does not ask for or store PDF passwords. ## Related tools - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/) - [Extract Text by Page](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-text-by-page/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Image to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PDF Tools to Merge, Split and Organize Pages" description: "Merge PDFs, split documents, extract text, rotate pages and turn images into a PDF. Free browser tools with local file processing and no account." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # PDF tools that keep files on your device PDF tools help with the document around the content: combining attachments, separating chapters, rotating a scan or removing a blank page. Merge PDF joins files in the order you choose. Split PDF creates smaller documents, and the page extraction tool keeps only selected pages. For a receipt or photograph, Image to PDF places images on PDF pages. Each task runs on your device, so the selected documents are not uploaded for processing. Before choosing a tool, check whether the document contains selectable text or pictures of text. PDF to Text reads an existing text layer; it cannot recover words from an image-only scan. The image and OCR tools cover different parts of that workflow. Page rotation changes orientation, while cropping changes the visible page area. Neither should be treated as a way to securely remove confidential content. Work from a copy when a document includes forms, signatures, annotations or security settings. Editing may change or invalidate those features. Password-protected documents may require unlocking in another application before a tool can open them. Large PDFs also need enough browser memory. After an export, open the new file and check the page count, reading order and any fields that matter before sharing it. ## PDF tools - [Add Blank Page to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/add-blank-page-to-pdf/): Add blank pages to a PDF online at any position. Match the nearby page, choose A4 or Letter, and download privately with no upload or sign-up. - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/): Add page numbers to a PDF online for free. Choose the position, range, first number, font size, format, and margin without uploading your file. - [PDF Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/): Add a text or image watermark to a PDF online for free. Control pages, position, size, rotation, color, and opacity without uploading your file. - [Booklet Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/booklet-maker/): Make a print-ready PDF booklet with correct two-up page order. Add blanks automatically, preview each side, and process the file privately. - [Certificate Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/certificate-generator/): Create up to 30 personalized certificates in one printable PDF. Choose a template, add names and download privately with no watermark. - [Crop PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-pdf/): Crop PDF pages online by trimming exact margins in millimetres. Preview the result, choose page ranges, and download privately with no upload. - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/): Delete PDF pages online with visual thumbnails and page ranges. Remove unwanted pages locally, keep original quality, and download with no upload or sign-up. - [Duplicate PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/duplicate-pdf-pages/): Duplicate PDF pages online with visual thumbnails, page ranges, copy counts, and flexible placement. Your PDF stays local with no upload or sign-up. - [PDF Metadata Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/edit-pdf-metadata/): Edit PDF metadata such as title, author, subject, keywords, creator, producer, and dates online. Download a private, updated copy with no upload. - [Extract Text by Page](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-text-by-page/): Extract text from PDF pages in your browser. Inspect, edit, copy or download each page separately while the original PDF stays on your device. - [PDF Form Data Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-form-data/): Extract PDF form data privately in your browser. Review AcroForm field names, values, types, and options, then export clean JSON or CSV. - [Extract PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/): Extract PDF pages into a new document online. Choose single pages or ranges, keep original quality, and download privately without uploading your file. - [PDF Form Filler](https://candoya.com/tools/fill-pdf-form/): Fill a PDF form online for free. Complete standard AcroForm text, checkbox, radio, and choice fields privately, then download your PDF. - [Flatten PDF Form](https://candoya.com/tools/flatten-pdf-form/): Flatten PDF form fields into page content in your browser. Preview saved appearances, inspect values, and download a copy without uploading your document. - [Image to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/): Convert JPG, PNG, and WebP images to one PDF free. Reorder pages, choose A4 or Letter, set margins, and download without uploading your files. - [Markdown to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-pdf/): Convert Markdown to a formatted PDF with a live preview, A4 or Letter paper, adjustable margins and direct private download in your browser. - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/): Merge PDF files into one document free, right in your browser. No upload, no sign-up, no file limits - combine PDFs in any order and download instantly. - [N-up PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/n-up-pdf/): Create an N-up PDF with 2, 4, 6, 9, or 16 pages per sheet. Choose A4 or Letter, preview the grid, and download privately with no upload. - [Password Protect PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/password-protect-pdf/): Password protect a PDF with real AES-256 encryption in your browser. Add an opening password and reader permissions with no upload or sign-up. - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/): Convert PDF to text free in your browser. Extract selectable text from digital PDFs, preview it, copy it or download a TXT file without uploading. - [PDF Link Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-link-extractor/): Extract links from a PDF privately in your browser. Find clickable URLs, email addresses, internal destinations, and printed links with page numbers. - [PDF Page Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-counter/): Count pages in one PDF or a whole batch online. See per-file totals, combined pages, averages, and CSV results without uploading your documents. - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/): Check PDF page size online in points, inches and millimetres. Find A4, Letter, mixed sizes, orientation and rotation privately in your browser. - [PDF Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-word-counter/): Count words in a PDF privately in your browser. See words, characters, sentences, reading time and per-page totals without uploading the document. - [PDF to Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-image/): Convert PDF pages to PNG, JPG, or WebP images free. Choose page ranges, resolution, and quality, then download locally with no file upload. - [QR Code to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-to-pdf/): Turn links, IDs, or text into a printable QR code PDF sheet. Choose A4 or Letter, grid size, captions, and download locally with no sign-up. - [Redact PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/redact-pdf/): Redact PDF pages online by drawing permanent black boxes. Export a flattened copy locally in your browser with no file upload or sign-up. - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/): Reorder PDF pages online with clear thumbnails, drag controls, and keyboard buttons. Save a private, full-quality PDF locally with no upload or sign-up. - [Resize PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/resize-pdf-pages/): Resize PDF pages to A4, Letter, Legal or custom dimensions. Fit, fill or stretch every page privately in your browser with no file upload. - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/): Rotate PDF pages online for free in your browser. Turn all, odd, even, or selected pages without uploads, quality loss, watermarks, or sign-up. - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/): Sign a PDF online by drawing and placing your signature on any page. Download the signed copy without uploading the document or creating an account. - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/): Split PDF pages into separate files free in your browser. Preview pages, choose exact ranges, and download without uploads, watermarks, or sign-up. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Percentage Calculator - Free Online Percent Tool" description: "Free percentage calculator: find X% of a number, what percent one number is of another, and percent increase or decrease - instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Percentage Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you calculate a percentage? To calculate a percentage, divide the part by the whole and multiply by 100: (part ÷ whole) × 100. This free percentage calculator solves the three everyday percent problems live - what is X% of a number, what percent one number is of another, and the percentage increase or decrease between two values. Everything runs **locally in your browser**. Your numbers are never uploaded or stored, results update on every keystroke, and each answer shows the worked formula with your values substituted in - so you can check the math or reuse it by hand. It works offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Pick the row that matches your question** - The calculator shows three fill-in-the-blank sentences: percentage of a number, what percent one number is of another, and percentage change from one value to another. 2. **Type your two numbers** - Fill both blanks in that sentence. Decimals (dot or comma) and negative numbers work, and the result updates as you type. 3. **Read and copy the result** - The answer appears next to the sentence with the worked formula underneath. Percentage change is labeled as an increase or a decrease. Use Copy to grab the value. ## Who it's for - **Shoppers** working out a 25% discount, a tip, or how much a price actually rose after two increases. - **Students** converting test marks into percentages and checking percentage-change homework against the worked formula. - **Small-business owners** figuring margins, VAT or sales tax amounts, and month-over-month revenue change. - **Investors and savers** measuring how much a portfolio, price, or balance went up or down in percent terms. - **Anyone comparing numbers** - poll results, weight change, battery capacity - who wants the percent, not just the difference. ## Expert note Percentage change here divides by the absolute starting value, (new − old) ÷ |old| × 100, so a change from a negative start (say −40 to 10) still reads correctly as an increase; and note the asymmetry trap: a 50% drop needs a +100% rise to get back to where you started. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this percentage calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, and no limits. All three calculators run entirely in your browser, so they also work offline once the page has loaded. ### Are my numbers uploaded anywhere? No. The math happens locally on your device with plain JavaScript. Nothing you type is sent to a server, stored, or shared - close the tab and it is gone. ### How do I calculate the percentage of a number? Multiply the number by the percent and divide by 100: P% of X = P × X ÷ 100. For example, 25% of 80 is 25 × 80 ÷ 100 = 20. The first row of the calculator does exactly this and shows the substitution. ### How do I work out what percent one number is of another? Divide the part by the whole and multiply by 100: (part ÷ whole) × 100. For example, 30 of 150 is 30 ÷ 150 × 100 = 20%. If the whole is 0 the answer is undefined - you cannot divide by zero. ### How is percentage increase or decrease calculated? Take the difference, divide by the absolute starting value, and multiply by 100: (new − old) ÷ |old| × 100. Going from 40 to 50 is (50 − 40) ÷ 40 × 100 = +25%, an increase; from 50 to 40 is −20%, a decrease. ### What is the difference between percent change and percentage points? Percent change is relative to the starting value; percentage points are the plain difference between two percentages. If a rate moves from 10% to 15%, that is a rise of 5 percentage points but a 50% increase - saying which one you mean avoids a very common misreading. ### Why doesn't a 50% decrease cancel a 50% increase? Because each step is measured against a different base. 100 up 50% is 150, but 150 down 50% is 75, not 100. The smaller the base, the bigger the percent a fixed change represents - that is why a 50% loss needs a 100% gain to recover. ## Related tools - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Perimeter Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/) - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Percentage Change Calculator - Free Online" description: "Free percentage change calculator: enter an old value and a new value to get the percent increase or decrease instantly, with the worked formula. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-change/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Percentage Change Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a percentage change calculator? A percentage change calculator finds how much a value has risen or fallen in percent terms between an original and a new number. It uses (new - old) ÷ |old| × 100, labels the result an increase or a decrease, and shows the raw difference too - so you see both the percent and the amount. Everything runs **locally in your browser**. Your two numbers are never uploaded or stored, the result updates on every keystroke, and each answer shows the worked formula with your values substituted in - so you can check the math or reuse it by hand. It keeps working offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the original value** - Type the starting or 'old' number in the first field - the baseline you are measuring from. 2. **Enter the new value** - Type the final or 'new' number. The percentage change updates live and is labeled an increase or a decrease. 3. **Read and copy the result** - The big number is the percent change; below it you get the raw difference and the worked formula. Use Copy to grab the percentage. ## Who it's for - **Investors and savers** measuring how much a price, portfolio, or balance moved up or down between two dates. - **Small-business owners** tracking month-over-month revenue, cost, or headcount change in percent terms. - **Students** checking percentage-change homework against the substituted formula, including negative and decimal values. - **Shoppers** seeing how much a price actually rose or fell, not just the raw difference in currency. - **Anyone comparing two numbers** - weight, mileage, followers, test scores - who wants the percent, not only the gap. ## Expert note Order matters and the base is the original value, so the calculation is not symmetric: going 40 to 50 is +25%, but 50 back to 40 is only -20%. That is why a 50% drop needs a +100% rise to fully recover - each step is measured against a different starting number. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this percentage change calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript, so it also works offline once the page has loaded. ### Are my numbers uploaded anywhere? No. The math happens locally on your device. Nothing you type is sent to a server, stored, or shared - close the tab and the numbers are gone. ### How do you calculate percentage change? Subtract the old value from the new value, divide by the absolute old value, and multiply by 100: (new - old) ÷ |old| × 100. For example, from 40 to 50 that is (50 - 40) ÷ 40 × 100 = +25%, an increase. ### What is the difference between percentage increase and percentage decrease? They are the same formula; the sign tells you the direction. A positive result is a percentage increase (the value went up), a negative result is a percentage decrease (the value went down). This calculator labels each result for you. ### Why can't I use 0 as the original value? Percentage change divides by the original value, and dividing by 0 is undefined - there is no meaningful percent change from nothing to something. The calculator still shows the raw difference so the result is not useless. ### What is the difference between percent change and percentage points? Percent change is relative to the starting value; percentage points are the plain difference between two percentages. If a rate moves from 10% to 15%, that is 5 percentage points but a 50% increase - saying which you mean avoids a common misreading. ## Related tools - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Perimeter Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Perimeter Calculator - Square, Rectangle, Triangle & Circle" description: "Free perimeter calculator for a rectangle, square, triangle, circle, polygon and more. Pick a shape, enter the dimensions, and get the perimeter with the formula - instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Perimeter Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is the perimeter of a shape? The perimeter is the total distance around the outside of a 2D shape - the sum of every side. For a rectangle it is 2 × (length + width); for a circle the same idea is called the circumference, 2 × π × radius. Pick your shape, type the measurements, and this free calculator returns the perimeter and shows the formula it used, all in your browser. Everything runs locally. You choose a shape, enter its dimensions, and the perimeter is computed on the page - nothing is uploaded or stored, and it works offline once loaded. Ten shapes are covered: square, rectangle, triangle, circle, parallelogram, trapezoid, rhombus, regular polygon, ellipse and semicircle. The result updates as you type, and the formula panel shows both the symbolic formula and the same formula with your numbers filled in, so you can check your own working. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the shape** - Select the shape you're measuring - square, rectangle, triangle, circle, polygon, ellipse and more - from the shape menu. 2. **Enter the dimensions** - Type the side lengths, radius or semi-axes the shape asks for. Use the same unit for every field; the perimeter comes out in that same unit. 3. **Read the perimeter** - The perimeter appears instantly with the formula and your numbers substituted in. Use Copy result to grab the value and the working. ## Who it's for - **Students** checking homework on the perimeter of a rectangle, triangle or circle and seeing the formula spelled out step by step. - **DIY and home projects** measuring fencing, skirting board, edging or trim - work out how much material wraps around a room, garden bed or table. - **Teachers** demonstrating how the perimeter changes as the sides of a shape change, with a live formula for each shape. - **Crafters and sewers** estimating ribbon, fabric edging or picture-frame length around a square, circle or oval. - **Anyone comparing shapes** - see how a circle's circumference stacks up against a square of the same width. ## Expert note Two shapes are special. A circle has no straight sides, so its 'perimeter' is the circumference, 2πr, an irrational number you'll usually round. An ellipse has no exact elementary formula at all: this tool uses Ramanujan's second approximation, P ≈ π[3(a + b) − √((3a + b)(a + 3b))], which stays accurate to a tiny fraction of a percent even for very stretched ovals - far closer than the common π(a + b) shortcut. For the triangle, remember the perimeter is only the sum of the sides; three lengths where one is longer than the other two combined can't actually close into a triangle, and the tool flags that. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the perimeter calculator free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. The whole calculation runs in your browser and nothing you enter is uploaded. ### How do you calculate the perimeter of a rectangle? Add the length and the width and double the result: P = 2 × (length + width). A 8 by 5 rectangle has a perimeter of 2 × (8 + 5) = 26. For a square, all four sides are equal, so P = 4 × side. ### What is the perimeter of a circle? The distance around a circle is its circumference: C = 2 × π × radius, or equivalently π × diameter. For a radius of 5 that's about 31.42. Because π is irrational the answer never ends exactly, so it's normally rounded. ### How do I find the perimeter of a triangle? Add the three side lengths together: P = a + b + c. It doesn't matter whether the triangle is right-angled, isosceles or scalene - the perimeter is always just the sum of its sides. If one side is longer than the other two combined the lengths can't form a real triangle, and the calculator warns you. ### What units does the perimeter come out in? The same unit you enter. The calculator is unit-agnostic: if you type the sides in centimetres the perimeter is in centimetres, if in feet then feet. Just keep every field in the same unit - don't mix metres and inches in one shape. ### How is the perimeter of an ellipse calculated? An ellipse has no exact formula using elementary functions, so this tool uses Ramanujan's second approximation from the two semi-axes a and b: P ≈ π[3(a + b) − √((3a + b)(a + 3b))]. It is accurate to well under 0.01% for most ovals, far better than the rough π(a + b) estimate. ### What is the difference between perimeter and area? Perimeter is the distance around the edge of a shape, measured in a length unit (cm, m, ft). Area is the space inside it, measured in square units (cm², m²). This calculator finds the perimeter; two shapes can have the same perimeter but very different areas. ## Related tools - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pitch Detector Online - Note and Frequency" description: "Use this online pitch detector to identify a note, frequency and cents offset from your voice or instrument. Live audio stays on your device." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-detector/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Pitch Detector Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an online pitch detector? An online pitch detector listens to one clear voice or instrument tone and estimates its fundamental frequency. It shows the nearest musical note, octave, hertz value, and cents sharp or flat in real time. The live microphone signal is analyzed in your browser and is never recorded or uploaded. The detector uses normalized autocorrelation to find a repeating period in each short microphone sample, then maps that frequency to the nearest note in 12-tone equal temperament. The pitch trace shows whether a held note is settling, drifting, or moving with vibrato. This is a monophonic detector: it works best with one sustained pitch at a time. Chords, speech consonants, percussion, room noise, and strong overtones can make the displayed note jump because they do not present one stable fundamental. ## How to use it 1. **Allow the microphone** - Select Start microphone and grant access when your browser asks. The page analyzes the live stream locally. 2. **Make one clear pitch** - Sing, hum, whistle, or play a single sustained note close enough to the microphone to produce a steady signal. 3. **Read the result** - Check the note and octave, measured frequency, cents offset, signal clarity, and short pitch trace. 4. **Adjust the reference if needed** - Keep A4 at 440 Hz for common modern tuning, or choose 432 through 446 Hz to match an ensemble or recording. ## Who it's for - **Singers and vocal coaches** can check a starting note, sustain a target pitch, or watch how a note moves during vibrato. - **Instrumentalists** can identify a note from violin, flute, piano, brass, woodwind, or another pitched instrument without choosing a tuning preset. - **Music students** can verify ear-training answers and connect heard pitches with note names, octaves, frequencies, and cents. - **Producers and sound designers** can make a quick frequency check on a clean isolated tone before opening a larger audio editor. ## Expert note Autocorrelation looks for waveform repetition rather than simply choosing the loudest spectrum peak. That helps recover a fundamental whose overtones are louder, but a low note still needs a longer stable sample than a high note because each waveform cycle takes more time. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is microphone audio uploaded or recorded? No. The page requests a live microphone stream and analyzes short sample windows in browser memory. It does not create a recording or send your sound to a server. Select Stop listening, close the tab, or revoke site permission to release the microphone. ### Is this online pitch detector free? Yes. You can detect notes and frequencies without an account, download, subscription, or session limit. The microphone detector, cents meter, pitch trace, adjustable A4 reference, sample reading, and copy control are all available directly on the page. ### What pitch range and accuracy can I expect? The detector checks approximately 50 to 2,000 Hz, covering many sung and instrumental fundamentals. Accuracy depends on microphone quality, distance, room noise, and how stable the sound is. Readings are estimates, not calibrated acoustic measurements, and are most reliable for one clean sustained tone. ### Can the detector identify chords or a song key? No. This tool estimates one dominant fundamental at a time. A chord contains several simultaneous pitches, while a song key depends on relationships among many notes over time. Play isolated notes for this detector, and use a dedicated chord or key analysis tool for mixed music. ### What do cents sharp and flat mean? A cent is one hundredth of a semitone. Zero cents means the measured frequency matches the nearest equal-tempered note at the selected A4 reference. A negative result is flat and a positive result is sharp. Readings within about five cents appear centered. ### Why does the detected note jump? Background noise, vibrato, breath sounds, chords, and strong overtones can create several plausible repeating periods. Move closer to the microphone, reduce other sound, and hold one vowel or instrument note steadily. Let the initial attack settle before trusting the reading. ### Can I use A4 = 432 Hz instead of 440 Hz? Yes. Set the reference from 432 to 446 Hz. The nearest note, target frequency, and cents offset update against that reference. The measured hertz value does not change, but its relationship to the equal-tempered note grid does. ## Related tools - [Guitar Tuner](https://candoya.com/tools/guitar-tuner/) - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/) - [Pitch Shifter](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-shifter/) - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/) - [Frequency Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pitch Shifter Online - Change Audio Pitch" description: "Shift audio pitch online by semitones and cents while preserving tempo. Preview locally and download a private WAV with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-shifter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Pitch Shifter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does a pitch shifter do? A pitch shifter transposes music, vocals, or samples higher or lower without intentionally changing their tempo. Choose an audio file, move up or down by semitones, fine-tune in cents, and export a WAV. Processing happens locally in your browser, so your recording is never uploaded. This tool combines broad semitone changes with one-cent fine tuning. A shift of +12 semitones raises audio by one octave, -12 lowers it by one octave, and 100 cents equals one semitone. The frequency ratio follows equal temperament: `2^(total cents / 1200)`. Export loads FFmpeg WebAssembly only when you create the result. It changes the effective sample rate, resamples to 44.1 kHz, and applies inverse tempo compensation. The result stays close to the source length, but it does not independently preserve vocal formants. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, AAC, or another common audio file into the tool. 2. **Set the pitch** - Pick a musical interval or move the semitone slider, then use cents for fine tuning. 3. **Create the shifted audio** - Start the local conversion and wait while the browser transposes the recording. 4. **Preview and download** - Listen to the result, download the WAV, or change the settings and try again. ## Who it's for - **Singers and cover bands** can move a backing track into a more comfortable key. - **Music students** can transpose practice recordings to match an instrument or tuning. - **Producers** can tune a sample toward the key of a project without opening a full DAW. - **Editors and voice creators** can test higher or lower character effects on a local recording. ## Expert note Moderate shifts of about one to five semitones usually sound more natural than a full octave. Tempo compensation preserves timing, but without formant correction a voice can still sound smaller when raised or larger when lowered. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. The source file, processing, preview, and result remain in your browser tab. The first export downloads the FFmpeg engine code, but your recording is not sent with that request. Refreshing or closing the tab releases the temporary local file URLs. ### Is this pitch shifter free? Yes. You can shift, preview, and download audio without an account, subscription, watermark, or usage credit. The practical limits are your device's available memory and processing speed because decoded audio and the WAV result are held locally. ### What pitch and file limits apply? Pitch ranges from one octave down to one octave up, with an extra -100 to +100 cents of fine tuning. The adaptive file cap is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on typical desktops, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### Can I change pitch without changing tempo? Yes. The export applies inverse tempo compensation after shifting the sample rate, keeping the duration close to the source. This is different from simple tape-speed playback, where pitch and speed change together. Very complex audio can still show processing artifacts. ### What is the difference between semitones and cents? A semitone is one adjacent key on a piano in 12-tone equal temperament. One semitone contains 100 cents. Use semitones to transpose musical intervals and cents to match a slightly sharp or flat recording more precisely. ### Will vocals keep their natural character? Small changes often sound convincing, but this tool does not separately correct formants. Large upward shifts can make voices sound smaller, while large downward shifts can sound heavier. For exposed professional vocals, a dedicated studio pitch editor may produce cleaner results. ## Related tools - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pivot Table Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Create pivot tables from CSV data instantly. Summarize rows and columns, aggregate values by sum, count, average, min or max, and export as CSV or Markdown - all in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Pivot Table Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a pivot table? A pivot table transforms raw tabular data into a cross-tabulated summary by grouping rows into categories, spreading column values across the top, and aggregating numeric values at each intersection. Paste CSV, select row and column fields, choose an aggregation (sum, count, average, min, max), and instantly see the pivoted result with optional totals. Pivot tables are the fastest way to summarize data without writing formulas or using a spreadsheet application. This tool parses CSV text, groups rows by your chosen field, spreads another field across columns, and aggregates numeric values using your selected function. The result is a clean matrix showing totals at a glance. The tool handles missing values gracefully: empty cells are skipped in sum and average calculations, counted as zero in count mode, and treated as null in min and max. Non-numeric values in sum or average mode are silently skipped. Row and column totals are optional and computed using the same aggregation function as the data cells. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your data** - Paste CSV text with headers in the first row, or load the example to see how it works. 2. **Select fields** - Choose which field to group rows by, which field to spread across columns, and which numeric field to aggregate. 3. **Pick an aggregation** - Select sum, count, average, minimum or maximum. Optionally include row and column totals. 4. **Export the result** - Copy the pivot table as CSV or Markdown, or paste it into a spreadsheet or document. ## Who it's for - **Sales analysts** summarizing revenue by region and product to spot top performers and underperformers. - **Survey researchers** cross-tabulating responses (e.g., question by demographic) to find patterns. - **Operations teams** aggregating counts or metrics by category to monitor KPIs and trends. - **Data explorers** quickly pivoting datasets to test hypotheses before moving to a full database or spreadsheet. ## Expert note When deciding between sum and count: use sum to total a numeric column (revenue, quantity), use count to tally occurrences (number of orders, records per category). For datasets with missing or non-numeric values, count is often more robust because it ignores blanks and text, while sum and average silently skip non-numeric cells - if all values in a cell are non-numeric, the result is empty (N/A). ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my data uploaded? No. Parsing, pivoting, and export all run in your browser. Your CSV data never leaves your device, so sensitive business data stays private and secure. ### Is this pivot table tool free? Yes. You can paste data, configure the pivot, include totals, and export as CSV or Markdown without payment or an account. ### What happens to missing or non-numeric values? Empty cells are skipped in sum, average, min and max calculations. Non-numeric text is also skipped in those modes. In count mode, every row is counted regardless of the value. If all values in a cell are non-numeric or missing, the result is empty. ### Can I pivot by multiple row fields? Currently, the tool pivots by a single row field. To pivot by multiple fields, you can create a helper column in your CSV that concatenates the fields (e.g., Region + Product), then pivot by that column. ### What aggregation should I use? Use sum to total a numeric column (revenue, quantity). Use count to tally rows or occurrences. Use average for mean values. Use min and max to find extremes. Count is the most robust for messy data because it ignores blanks and text. ### Can I export the pivot table? Yes. Copy the table as CSV (for spreadsheets) or Markdown (for documents and wikis). The export includes row and column totals if you enabled them. ### How large a CSV can I pivot? The tool handles typical datasets (thousands of rows) instantly in your browser. Very large files (millions of rows) may slow down your device; for those, use a database or spreadsheet application. ### What if my CSV has commas or line breaks inside cells? The tool uses the standard CSV parser which respects quoted cells. Cells wrapped in double quotes can contain delimiters and line breaks. Two double quotes inside a quoted cell become one literal quote. ## Related tools - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/) - [CSV to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-json/) - [JSON to CSV Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-csv/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pixelate Image Online with Block Size Control" description: "Pixelate an image online with adjustable block size, live comparison, and full-resolution PNG, JPG, or WebP export in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pixelate-image/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Pixelate Image Online Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How can I pixelate an image online? Use this image pixelator to turn a photo, screenshot, or design into a crisp block mosaic. Add your image, choose a block size, compare it with the original, and export at the source dimensions. Canvas processing happens in your browser, so the file is never sent to CanDoYa. The live preview makes it easy to balance detail and blockiness before you create the full-resolution file. Use a small block size for a subtle digital texture, or larger blocks for retro artwork, game references, and bold mosaic effects. **Pixelation is a visual effect, not secure redaction.** If text, a face, or another detail must be impossible to recover, cover it with an opaque shape and flatten the image instead. ## How to use it 1. **Add an image** - Drop a PNG, JPG, or WebP file into the editor, choose one from your device, or load the built-in landscape example. 2. **Choose the block size** - Move the slider or select a preset. The live Canvas preview updates as the blocks become finer or chunkier. 3. **Compare the result** - Switch between Pixelated and Original to check which details the effect keeps or removes. 4. **Export the image** - Choose PNG, JPEG, or WebP, create the full-resolution result, then copy or download it. ## Who it's for - **Pixel artists and game developers** can reduce a reference image into readable color blocks before redrawing a sprite or tile. - **Designers and social teams** can give photos, thumbnails, and poster graphics a deliberate retro digital look. - **Teachers and craft makers** can simplify a picture into a grid-like reference for mosaics, bead art, or classroom projects. - **Editors and creators** can test how much visual detail remains at different block sizes before choosing a final effect. ## Expert note This tool first downsamples the source to roughly one sample per block, then scales that grid back to the original dimensions with image smoothing disabled. If the width or height is not divisible by the selected block size, edge blocks can be slightly narrower than the blocks in the center. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. Your browser decodes, previews, pixelates, and exports the image on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the selected file or the finished result, although normal site analytics may still record that this page was visited. ### Is the image pixelator free? Yes. You can pixelate and download images without an account, subscription, watermark, or per-image fee. The practical limit is the memory and Canvas capacity available in your browser, which can be lower on an older phone than on a desktop computer. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The tool accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP files up to 50 MB. Each image side must be no larger than 16,384 pixels, and the image can contain up to 50 megapixels. You can export PNG, JPEG, or WebP when your browser supports the chosen format. ### What block size should I use to pixelate a photo? Start near 8 to 16 pixels for a clear retro look that keeps the subject recognizable. Use 2 to 4 pixels for fine texture, or 32 to 64 pixels for a strong mosaic. The best value depends on the source dimensions, so compare the live preview rather than relying on one fixed number. ### Does pixelating an image reduce its dimensions? No. The downloaded image keeps the original pixel width and height. Internally, the tool creates a much smaller color grid and scales it back up with nearest-neighbor rendering. The visible blocks become larger, but the exported canvas retains the source dimensions. ### Can I use pixelation to hide a face or private text? Do not rely on pixelation for secure redaction. A coarse mosaic hides detail from casual viewing, but recognizable patterns or short text can sometimes be inferred or reconstructed. For sensitive information, place an opaque solid shape over the content and flatten the image before sharing it. ### Which output format should I choose? Choose PNG for sharp block edges and transparency. JPEG usually creates a smaller photo file, but it cannot keep transparent pixels and may add compression artifacts near color boundaries. WebP can offer small files with transparency in browsers that support its encoder. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Grayscale Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/grayscale-converter/) - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) - [Rotate Image](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PNG to ICO Converter - Multi-Size Icons" description: "Convert PNG to ICO online with multiple icon sizes in one file. Preserve transparency, preview every frame, and download privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-ico/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free PNG to ICO Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What does a PNG to ICO converter do? A PNG to ICO converter turns one PNG image into a Windows icon or favicon file. It resizes the source into several standard square frames and stores them together in one ICO container. This converter preserves transparency, previews every included size, and performs the entire conversion in your browser. This converter creates a real multi-resolution ICO instead of renaming a PNG. Each selected frame is resized separately with your browser's Canvas API, encoded as PNG, and packed into the icon directory. Use the transparent fit mode for a complete logo, or center crop artwork that should fill every square. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a PNG** - Drop a PNG into the converter, select it from your device, or load the built-in icon example. 2. **Select icon sizes** - Keep the recommended defaults or choose any combination from 16 to 256 pixels. 3. **Set the fit** - Preserve the full image with transparent space or fill each square using a centered crop. 4. **Create and download** - Build the ICO, inspect every generated frame, then download the single multi-size file. ## Who it's for - **Web developers** can package 16, 32, 48, and 256 pixel frames into a single favicon.ico for broad browser compatibility. - **Windows app makers** can create one icon file that lets the operating system choose a suitable resolution for shortcuts and desktop views. - **Designers** can inspect how a transparent logo reads at tiny sizes before handing the ICO to a client or developer. - **Privacy-conscious teams** can convert unreleased brand assets without sending the source image to a remote service. ## Expert note An ICO stores 256 x 256 dimensions as zero in its one-byte width and height fields. This converter writes that special value correctly and embeds lossless PNG data for every selected frame, which keeps transparent edges compact and clean. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PNG uploaded during conversion? No. Your browser decodes the PNG, resizes each selected frame on a local Canvas, and assembles the ICO file on your device. The source image and downloaded icon are not uploaded to a conversion server, and no account is required. ### Is this PNG to ICO converter free? Yes. You can create and download ICO files without a subscription, watermark, or sign-up. You may use the converter as often as needed. Each source PNG can be up to 50 MB, 50 megapixels, and 16,384 pixels on either side. ### How many images can one ICO file contain? This converter can place up to seven resolutions in one ICO: 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 128, and 256 pixels. They are different resized versions of the same source image. Choose at least one size before creating the file. ### Which ICO sizes should I use for a favicon? The default 16, 32, 48, and 256 pixel set is a practical general-purpose choice. Small frames cover tabs and bookmarks, 48 pixels helps desktop contexts, and 256 pixels supports larger and high-density displays. Browsers or Windows can select the closest frame from the same file. ### Does PNG transparency stay transparent in the ICO? Yes. Every resized frame is encoded as a PNG with its alpha channel intact, then embedded inside the ICO container. Transparent space stays transparent. Choose the fit option when you want to preserve the full source without cropping a wide or tall image. ### Should I fit or crop a non-square PNG? Fit is safer for logos because it keeps the complete image and centers it in a transparent square. Center crop fills the icon frame but removes content from the longer sides. Use crop for artwork with a centered subject and fit for marks that must remain complete. ### Can I rename a PNG file to .ico? No. Renaming changes only the filename, not the file structure. An ICO begins with an icon directory that lists each embedded frame and its byte offset. This converter creates that directory and bundles the selected PNG frames into a valid ICO container. ## Related tools - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Dimensions Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-dimensions-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "PNG to JPG Converter - Quality and Background" description: "Convert PNG to JPG online with adjustable JPEG quality, a custom transparency background, private browser processing, and instant download." url: https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free PNG to JPG Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How does a PNG to JPG converter work? A PNG to JPG converter decodes a PNG image, places it over a solid background, and re-encodes the pixels as a JPEG. Choose the quality and the color used for transparent areas, then compare the original and output sizes. The conversion runs locally in your browser, so nothing is uploaded. This converter uses your browser's Canvas encoder. It keeps the PNG's original pixel dimensions, applies the selected matte beneath every transparent or semi-transparent pixel, and exports an opaque JPEG. The result includes a side-by-side preview and honest size metadata, since a simple graphic can sometimes be larger as a high-quality JPG. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a PNG** - Drop a PNG into the converter, pick it from your device, or load the built-in transparent example. 2. **Set the JPG quality** - Move the quality slider. Around 80 to 90 is a practical starting range for photographs and web images. 3. **Choose a background** - Pick the solid color that should replace PNG transparency. The preview shows the actual flattened JPG result. 4. **Compare and download** - Convert the image, review both file sizes and settings, then download or copy the result. ## Who it's for - **Website editors** can turn photo-like PNG files into widely compatible JPG assets and compare the file-size change before publishing. - **Applicants and office teams** can create JPG files for forms, document systems, and email workflows that do not accept PNG. - **Designers and shop owners** can place transparent product art on an intentional white, gray, black, or brand-colored background. - **Privacy-conscious users** can convert personal or client images without sending the source file to a conversion server. ## Expert note JPEG is usually a strong fit for photographs, but it can blur crisp text and flat-color edges. For logos, screenshots, or artwork that still needs transparency, keep the original PNG or compare it with WebP instead of assuming JPG is automatically better. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PNG uploaded during conversion? No. Your browser reads the PNG, draws it onto a local Canvas, and creates the JPG on your device. The original image and converted file are not sent to a processing server, and you do not need an account. ### Is this PNG to JPG converter free? Yes. You can convert, preview, copy, and download JPG images without a subscription, watermark, or sign-up. The practical limits are your browser's available memory and this tool's 50 MB, 50 megapixel, and 16,384 pixel-per-side safety limits. ### How many PNG files can I convert? You can convert one PNG at a time, with no daily quota. This focused workflow lets you choose the right quality and transparency background for each image instead of applying one setting blindly to a mixed batch. ### What happens to a transparent PNG when it becomes JPG? JPG has no alpha channel, so transparent pixels must be blended with a solid color. This converter fills the Canvas with your chosen background before drawing the PNG. Partially transparent edges blend into that color too, which helps avoid unwanted dark or white halos. ### What JPEG quality should I choose? Start around 85 for a photo or general web image, then inspect fine texture, gradients, and edges. Lower values often reduce the file size but add visible artifacts. Higher values preserve more detail but can produce a JPG that is as large as, or larger than, the PNG. ### Does converting PNG to JPG reduce quality? Yes. PNG uses lossless compression, while JPEG is lossy and discards some image detail during encoding. At a high quality setting the change may be subtle, especially for photographs, but repeated conversions and low quality settings can introduce blockiness, ringing, or blurred edges. ### Will the JPG keep the same width and height? Yes. This converter keeps the PNG's original pixel dimensions and does not resize or crop it. Only the file format, compression, metadata, and treatment of transparent pixels change. Use the related image resizer when you also need new dimensions. ## Related tools - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pomodoro Timer - Free Online Focus Timer" description: "Free online Pomodoro timer with 25-minute focus sessions, short and long breaks, custom intervals, alarms, and daily progress saved in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pomodoro-timer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Pomodoro Timer Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a Pomodoro timer? A Pomodoro timer divides work into focused intervals, traditionally 25 minutes, separated by short breaks. After four focus sessions, you take a longer break. This online timer guides the full cycle, tracks today's completed sessions, and lets you customize each interval without installing an app or creating an account. The timer uses a fixed end time rather than subtracting one second on every tick, so switching tabs does not make the clock drift. Your interval settings, task label, alarm preference, and completed sessions for today are stored only in this browser. Nothing is uploaded, and the daily count starts fresh on the next local calendar day. ## How to use it 1. **Name one focus task** - Type the task you intend to work on, or leave the field blank if the timer itself is enough. 2. **Start a focus session** - Press Start and work until the alarm. Pause if you must stop, or Reset to restart the current interval. 3. **Take the suggested break** - The timer switches to a short break after most focus sessions and a long break after the fourth. Start the break when you are ready. 4. **Adjust the cycle if needed** - Open Customize timer to change focus, short-break and long-break minutes or the number of sessions in a cycle. Classic 25 / 5 restores the standard pattern. ## Who it's for - **Studying without marathon sessions** - alternate focused reading or practice with planned breaks before fatigue takes over. - **Writing and coding** - give one task your full attention for a defined block, then step away before starting the next block. - **Working from home** - add structure to an open-ended day and keep a simple count of completed focus sessions. - **Starting a task you have delayed** - commit to one short, visible interval instead of waiting for enough motivation to finish everything. ## Expert note A Pomodoro works best as a protected focus commitment, not just a background clock. Choose one concrete task before pressing Start, and treat the end alarm as a real stopping point. The app advances the mode but never auto-starts the next interval, so a break cannot run while you are still finishing work. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Pomodoro timer free? Yes. The timer is free, has no session limit, and does not require an account, download, or browser extension. Open the page, choose a task, and start a focus interval. ### Are my tasks or session history uploaded? No. The task label, timer settings, alarm preference, and today's completed-session count stay in your browser's local storage. They are not sent to a server, but they also will not sync to another device or browser. ### What are the default Pomodoro times? The default cycle uses 25 minutes of focus, a 5-minute short break, and a 15-minute long break after four completed focus sessions. You can change all four values in Customize timer. ### Can I use a 50 / 10 Pomodoro schedule? Yes. Set Focus minutes to 50 and Short break to 10, then choose any long-break length and number of focus sessions per cycle. The timer accepts whole intervals from 1 to 180 minutes. ### Does the timer stay accurate in a background tab? Yes. It calculates the remaining time from a fixed deadline on your device clock. When the tab becomes active again, it reconciles against that deadline instead of relying on every browser animation tick having run. ### Will the next focus session or break start automatically? No. When an interval ends, the timer selects the appropriate next mode and sounds the alarm, but waits for you to press Start. This prevents a break or focus session from silently running before you are ready. ### What happens to my daily progress tomorrow? The completed-session count is tied to your device's local calendar date. On the next day it starts at zero, while your custom interval settings, task label, and alarm preference remain saved in this browser. ## Related tools - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) - [Meeting Time Planner](https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/) - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Working Hours Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/working-hours-calculator/) - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pose Detection - Map Body Landmarks Online" description: "Detect poses in images with on-device AI. Map 33 body landmarks, inspect joint angles, and export JSON or an annotated PNG without uploading your photo." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pose-detection/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free AI Pose Detection Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is pose detection? Pose detection estimates key body locations in an image, such as shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, and ankles. This tool maps 33 landmarks for up to three people, draws a connected skeleton, estimates four joint angles, and exports the result. The image is processed on your device. **This detector uses Google's MediaPipe Pose Landmarker Lite model through the browser-only MediaPipe Tasks Vision runtime.** It tries the GPU delegate first and falls back to WebAssembly on the CPU when GPU setup fails. Runtime and model files download separately, while the selected image remains inside your browser worker. The output uses normalized image coordinates: x and y run from 0 to 1 across the image, while z is model-relative depth. The visibility slider only changes which points, connections, and angle estimates are shown. It does not rerun the model or improve uncertain source data. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a photo** - Drop in a JPEG, PNG, or WebP up to 20 MB and 16 megapixels, or load the sample photo to explore the workflow. 2. **Detect poses** - Start detection. The browser worker downloads the public runtime and model on the first run, then maps up to three people locally. 3. **Review and export** - Adjust landmark visibility, inspect elbow and knee angle estimates, then copy or download JSON and save the annotated PNG. ## Who it's for - **Fitness and sports prototypes** that need quick visual feedback on joint positions before a full motion-analysis workflow is built. - **Computer vision students** exploring normalized landmarks, skeleton connections, visibility scores, and model-relative depth. - **Designers and animators** who want a fast reference skeleton from a still image without installing a desktop package. - **Private photo workflows** where uploading a client, athlete, patient, or unreleased image to a cloud API is not appropriate. ## Expert note Joint angles are calculated in image-pixel space from the detected shoulder-elbow-wrist and hip-knee-ankle points. Perspective, lens distortion, occlusion, loose clothing, and camera tilt can change the estimate, so a 2D angle is not the same as a calibrated 3D biomechanical measurement. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded to a server? No. The selected image is decoded, analyzed, annotated, and exported inside your browser. The worker downloads public MediaPipe runtime and model files from external hosts, but those requests do not include your image. CanDoYa does not receive or store the source photo or generated result. ### Is this pose detection tool free? Yes. There is no account, payment, credit limit, or watermark. Your device supplies the computing power. The first detection needs an internet connection to download the public runtime and compact model, and those files may be cached by your browser for later use. ### What image limits apply? The tool accepts one JPEG, PNG, or WebP image up to 20 MB and 16 megapixels. Each image side must be at least 32 pixels. These limits reduce browser memory spikes while retaining enough detail for typical photos, screenshots, and full-body reference images. ### How many poses and landmarks can it detect? The detector looks for up to three people and returns 33 landmarks for each detected pose. The set covers the face outline, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hands, hips, knees, ankles, heels, and feet. Crowded scenes and heavily overlapping people can reduce detection quality. ### How accurate are the joint angles? The elbow and knee angles are geometric estimates from three 2D image landmarks. They are useful for visual inspection and prototyping, but perspective and uncertain or hidden joints can shift them. Do not use these results for diagnosis, rehabilitation decisions, coaching safety, or precise biomechanical measurement. ### What does landmark visibility mean? Visibility is the model's estimate that a landmark is present and not hidden in the image. Raising the threshold removes uncertain points and connected lines from the overlay. A high score is not proof that the anatomical position is exact, and a low score can result from cropping or occlusion. ### Does pose detection work without a GPU? Yes, on browsers that support WebAssembly, workers, image decoding, and canvas export. The worker first tries MediaPipe's GPU delegate, then retries with CPU and WebAssembly if GPU setup is unavailable or fails. CPU detection stays local but may take longer on older devices. ### Can I use pose detection offline? A later run may work offline if the browser has retained the runtime and model files, but offline availability is not guaranteed. Storage cleanup, cache eviction, private browsing, or a runtime update can require another download. The selected image itself never needs to be uploaded. ## Related tools - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/) - [Image Captioner](https://candoya.com/tools/image-captioner/) - [Background Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/background-remover/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Pressure Converter - PSI, Bar, kPa and More" description: "Free pressure converter for PSI, bar, Pa, kPa, MPa, atm, Torr, mmHg and more. Convert live with an all-units table in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/pressure-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Pressure Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert pressure units? Choose the pressure unit you have, enter a value, and select the unit you need. This pressure converter updates instantly between PSI, bar, pascals, atmospheres, Torr and mercury-column units. It also shows the same pressure across every supported unit, so you can compare engineering, weather, lab and tire-pressure readings at once. The calculator converts each value to pascals first, then divides by the target unit factor. It accepts positive and negative numbers because gauge pressure can fall below ambient pressure. It does not add or subtract atmospheric pressure, so you should keep gauge readings with gauge readings and absolute readings with absolute readings. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the pressure** - Type a value in the From field. Decimal commas, decimal points, scientific notation and negative gauge values are supported. 2. **Choose the source unit** - Select the unit printed on your gauge, specification, forecast or lab instrument. 3. **Choose the target unit** - Pick the pressure unit you need. The main result and the all-units grid update immediately. 4. **Copy or reverse it** - Copy the complete conversion, or swap the units to reverse the direction without retyping the value. ## Who it's for - **Drivers and cyclists** comparing tire recommendations in PSI, bar and kPa when a pump or manual uses a different unit. - **Engineers and technicians** checking specifications written in MPa, bar, PSI, ksi or kilogram-force per square centimeter. - **Weather watchers** converting station pressure between hPa, mbar, inHg and standard atmospheres. - **Lab and vacuum teams** comparing pascals, Torr and conventional mmHg without treating every mercury unit as identical. - **HVAC and plumbing teams** translating gauge readings while keeping the original gauge or absolute reference clear. ## Expert note Torr and conventional mmHg are extremely close but not mathematically identical. One Torr is exactly 101325/760 Pa, while conventional mmHg uses 133.322387415 Pa. The difference is only about 0.14 parts per million, but the converter keeps them separate instead of silently merging them. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this pressure converter free? Yes. The pressure converter is free with no sign-up, download or usage cap for normal browser use. It performs each calculation locally, and the value you enter is not uploaded to a server. ### Which pressure units can I convert? You can convert Pa, kPa, MPa, hPa, bar, mbar, PSI, ksi, standard atmospheres, Torr, conventional mmHg, inHg and kgf/cm^2. The main result targets your chosen unit, while the reference grid shows every supported unit at once. ### How many PSI are in one bar? One bar is approximately 14.5037738 PSI. Bar is defined as exactly 100,000 Pa, while one PSI is about 6,894.757293 Pa. Enter a bar value and select PSI for a result calculated from those base factors. ### How many kPa are in one PSI? One PSI is approximately 6.894757293 kPa. For a common tire reading, 35 PSI is about 241.3165 kPa or 2.4132 bar. The tool keeps more precision internally than it displays, which helps reverse conversions remain stable. ### Are hPa and mbar the same? Yes. One hectopascal and one millibar both equal exactly 100 pascals, so their numerical values match. Weather services may use either label for atmospheric pressure, such as 1013.25 hPa or 1013.25 mbar. ### Are Torr and mmHg the same? They are nearly equal but have slightly different conventional definitions. One Torr is exactly one 760th of a standard atmosphere, while conventional mmHg uses a mercury-column factor. Most everyday readings look identical, but precision work should preserve the unit name. ### Can I convert negative pressure values? Yes. Negative values are useful for gauge pressure below ambient, such as a partial vacuum. The converter changes units only. It does not turn gauge pressure into absolute pressure, because that requires the local atmospheric reference. ### Does the converter distinguish psig from psia? It converts the PSI magnitude but does not change the reference zero. PSIG is relative to ambient pressure, while PSIA is relative to a perfect vacuum. To change between them, add or subtract the applicable atmospheric pressure before converting units. ## Related tools - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/) - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/) - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/) - [BTU to kW Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/btu-to-kw/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Prime Factorization Calculator With Steps" description: "Use this prime factorization calculator to break integers up to 1 trillion into prime powers, see every division step, and copy the exact result." url: https://candoya.com/tools/prime-factorization/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Prime Factorization Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a prime factorization calculator? A prime factorization calculator rewrites any positive integer as the unique product of prime numbers. Enter a number up to 1 trillion to see exponent form, expanded factors, divisor facts, and each exact division step. Results update instantly using integer arithmetic in your browser. Enter one whole number and the calculator repeatedly divides it by the smallest prime that fits. The main result groups repeated primes as powers, while the expanded line and division ladder show every factor. It also reports the number and sum of all positive divisors without listing thousands of values. Everything runs locally in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Enter an integer** - Type a positive whole number from 1 to 1,000,000,000,000. 2. **Read the prime powers** - The result updates live and groups repeated factors with exponents. 3. **Follow the divisions** - Use the numbered steps to see how each smallest prime factor reduces the remaining value. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the equation, expanded factors, divisor count, and divisor sum for your notes. ## Who it's for - **Students** checking prime decomposition homework and seeing each division that produces the answer. - **Teachers and tutors** demonstrating exponent form, prime versus composite numbers, and divisor formulas. - **Fraction work** using shared prime factors to simplify fractions or prepare for GCD and LCM calculations. - **Number theory practice** exploring powers, highly composite numbers, and patterns in positive divisors. ## Expert note Trial division only needs candidates up to the square root of the remaining quotient. Once a candidate squared is larger, that remaining quotient must be prime. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my number uploaded? No. The calculator uses BigInt arithmetic in your browser, so the number you enter is not sent to a server. The page does not need an account, file upload, or remote calculation service to find the prime factors. ### Is the prime factorization calculator free? Yes. You can factor as many supported integers as you like for free, with no sign-up or download. The exponent form, expanded factors, divisor facts, and division steps are all available in the same result. ### What is the largest number I can factor? This calculator accepts positive integers up to 1,000,000,000,000, or 1 trillion. That limit keeps live trial division responsive in a browser. Larger integers may need advanced methods such as Pollard's rho or the elliptic curve method. ### How do you find the prime factorization of a number? Divide the number by the smallest prime that fits, record that prime, and repeat with the quotient. Stop when the quotient reaches 1. Repeated factors can be grouped as powers, so 360 becomes 2^3 × 3^2 × 5. ### Does 1 have a prime factorization? The number 1 has no prime factors and is neither prime nor composite. It is treated as an empty product in the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, which preserves the rule that every integer greater than 1 has one unique prime factorization. ### What is the difference between factors and prime factors? Factors are all whole numbers that divide a value without a remainder. Prime factors are only the prime numbers in its multiplicative decomposition. For 12, the factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12, while the prime factors are 2 and 3. ### Why is prime factorization useful? Prime factorization makes it easier to find greatest common divisors and least common multiples, simplify fractions, count divisors, and test divisibility. It also provides the basic building blocks used throughout elementary number theory and many cryptographic ideas. ## Related tools - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Fraction to Decimal Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-to-decimal/) - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Profile QR Code Generator - Free Contact QR" description: "Free profile QR code generator for contact cards. Create a scannable MeCard QR as PNG, no sign-up and no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/profile-qr-code/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Profile QR Code Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a profile QR code generator? A profile QR code generator turns your contact details into a scannable QR code that phones can save as a contact. Enter your name, phone, email, website, company, and notes, then download a PNG. The code is generated in your browser, so your profile details are not uploaded. This tool creates a static contact QR code using the compact MeCard format. MeCard keeps common contact fields short, which helps scanners read the code faster than a long full vCard. Use it for badges, resumes, business cards, portfolio pages, or event signs where someone needs your details quickly. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your profile details** - Add the contact fields you want people to save. A name plus one contact method is usually enough. 2. **Check the live preview** - The QR code updates in your browser as you type. Use the notes if a field needs attention. 3. **Download the PNG** - Save the generated QR code and place it on your card, badge, slide, resume, or profile page. 4. **Test before printing** - Scan the PNG with an iPhone and Android camera app to confirm the contact imports as expected. ## Who it's for - **Freelancers** adding a contact QR to a portfolio, media kit, or printed leave-behind. - **Event speakers** sharing a scannable card on slides, badges, and booth signage. - **Recruiters and job seekers** placing contact details on resumes without crowding the page. - **Small teams** making quick staff contact codes without creating an account on a QR service. ## Expert note Short contact cards scan more reliably: keep the note and address concise, leave out unused fields, and test the final PNG at the exact printed size before ordering cards. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the profile QR code generator free? Yes. The tool is free to use, does not require an account, and lets you download the QR code as a PNG. ### Are my profile details uploaded? No. The contact payload and QR image are generated locally in your browser. Your name, phone number, email address, and notes are not sent to a server. ### What contact format does the QR code use? It uses MeCard, a compact contact-card format commonly recognized by phone QR scanners. MeCard is smaller than a full vCard, which helps keep the QR code easier to scan. ### Can phones save the QR code as a contact? Most modern iPhone and Android camera apps recognize contact QR codes and offer to create or update a contact. Behavior can vary by scanner app, so test the final image before printing it. ### Can I use this QR code on a business card? Yes. Download the PNG, place it with enough white space around it, and print it large enough to scan. A simpler contact card usually works better on small business cards. ### Can I edit the profile after downloading? The downloaded QR code is static. If your phone number, email, or website changes, regenerate the QR code and replace the old image wherever it appears. ## Related tools - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Profit Margin Calculator - Free Pricing Tool" description: "Free profit margin calculator to work out margin, markup, profit and target selling price. Instant pricing math, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Profit Margin Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a profit margin calculator do? A profit margin calculator shows how much profit remains after cost, then expresses it as a percentage of revenue. Enter cost and selling price to see profit, margin and markup, or work backward from a target margin to find the price or maximum cost you need. Use the calculator for product pricing, quotes, invoices or quick business checks. The math is currency-neutral: type any currency amount and read the cost, revenue and profit in that same currency. Everything runs in your browser, so your pricing data is not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the calculation** - Pick cost and revenue, price from margin, price from markup, or max cost from margin. 2. **Enter the known values** - Type the cost, revenue, target margin or markup needed for that mode. 3. **Read the result** - Profit, revenue, margin and markup update instantly as you type. 4. **Copy the summary** - Copy the pricing result to a note, quote or spreadsheet. ## Who it's for - **Small businesses** checking whether a product price leaves enough gross margin. - **Freelancers** turning project costs into a target quote with room for profit. - **Retail teams** comparing margin and markup before publishing a price. - **Marketplace sellers** testing cost changes, fees and expected revenue. - **Finance reviews** explaining why a 30% margin is not the same as a 30% markup. ## Expert note Profit margin divides profit by revenue, while markup divides profit by cost. A product that costs 70 and sells for 100 has a 30% margin but a 42.86% markup. ## Frequently asked questions ### How do you calculate profit margin? Profit margin is profit divided by revenue, multiplied by 100. Profit is revenue minus cost. If something costs 70 and sells for 100, profit is 30 and the profit margin is 30%. ### What is the difference between margin and markup? Margin uses selling price or revenue as the base. Markup uses cost as the base. The same 30 profit on 70 cost and 100 revenue is a 30% margin, but a 42.86% markup. ### Can this calculate selling price from a target margin? Yes. Choose Price from margin, enter your cost and target margin, and the calculator divides cost by 1 minus the margin rate. A cost of 70 with a 30% target margin needs a 100 selling price. ### Can I calculate max cost from a target margin? Yes. Choose Max cost from margin, enter the selling price and target margin, and the tool shows the highest cost that still meets that margin. It is useful when supplier prices or fees change. ### Does this include tax, shipping or marketplace fees? Only if you include them in the cost field. For gross margin, enter the direct cost of the product or sale. If fees matter to your decision, add them to cost before calculating. ### Is this profit margin calculator free and private? Yes. It is free, works without an account, and runs entirely in your browser. The costs, prices and margins you enter are not uploaded or stored on a server. ## Related tools - [Discount Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Proportion Calculator with Steps" description: "Proportion calculator to solve any missing value in a/b = c/d with exact fractions, decimals, cross multiplication steps, and ratio checks." url: https://candoya.com/tools/proportion-solver/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Proportion Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a proportion calculator? A proportion calculator finds one missing value in two equal ratios, written a/b = c/d. Enter any three terms to get an exact answer, a decimal, and the cross multiplication steps. Enter all four terms to check whether the ratios form a true proportion. The solver keeps integers, terminating decimals, and fractions as reduced rational numbers. That means an input such as **1/3 stays exact** through the calculation instead of becoming a rounded decimal too early. Everything runs locally in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Place the terms** - Write the ratios in the form a/b = c/d and enter each known number in its matching field. 2. **Mark the unknown** - Leave one field empty or type x. The solver identifies its position and rearranges the cross multiplication formula. 3. **Read the working** - Review the exact answer, decimal value, substitution, and equal cross products. 4. **Check a completed proportion** - Enter all four values to test whether a × d equals b × c. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** can solve or check ratio exercises while seeing each algebra step. - **Cooks and makers** can scale ingredient quantities or material mixes without changing their relationship. - **Designers and map readers** can find a matching dimension or distance from a known scale. - **Scientists and technicians** can calculate an unknown in a direct proportional relationship. ## Expert note When a zero causes the rearranged formula to divide by zero, the equation may have no solution or infinitely many solutions rather than one missing value. The solver flags that case instead of inventing an answer. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this proportion calculator free? Yes. You can solve and verify as many proportions as you need without an account, payment, or download. ### Are my proportion values uploaded? No. The calculation runs in your browser. The numbers you enter are not sent to a server for processing. ### What numbers can I enter? You can use positive or negative integers, decimals, and fractions such as 3/4. Inputs are limited to 36 digits per term to keep calculations quick and readable. The denominator positions b and d cannot be zero. ### How do you solve a proportion with cross multiplication? For a/b = c/d, cross multiply to get a × d = b × c. Then divide both sides by the known factor attached to the missing term. For example, if d is missing, use d = (b × c) / a. ### Can the calculator solve for any missing term? Yes. Leave a, b, c, or d blank. The solver chooses the correct rearrangement for that position, as long as the three known values determine one valid answer. ### What is the difference between direct and inverse proportion? Equal ratios describe direct proportion: both quantities change by the same scale factor. In inverse proportion, one quantity increases while the other decreases so their product stays constant. This calculator solves equal-ratio, direct proportions. ### Why does the answer show a fraction and a decimal? The reduced fraction preserves the exact result, while the decimal is convenient for measurement and comparison. Repeating decimals are rounded to ten places, but the fraction is not rounded. ## Related tools - [Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ratio-calculator/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Decimal to Fraction Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/decimal-to-fraction/) - [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/aspect-ratio-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "QR Code Decoder - Read QR Codes from Images" description: "Decode a QR code from an image or screenshot online. Read links, text, Wi-Fi details, and more locally in your browser with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-decoder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free QR Code Decoder Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is a QR code decoder? A QR code decoder reads the data hidden in a QR code image. Upload a screenshot or photo to reveal its link, text, Wi-Fi details, contact card, or other content. The image is analyzed locally in your browser, so it is not uploaded to a server. This decoder turns the image into pixels, searches for the three square finder patterns, corrects perspective, and reads the encoded modules. It checks both normal and inverted images. The outlined area in the preview shows the exact code it found, while the result panel keeps the original decoded text intact. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the QR code image** - Upload or drop a PNG, JPG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, or BMP file. A screenshot usually gives the clearest result. 2. **Wait for the local scan** - The decoder searches the image for a QR symbol and outlines it in the preview. Nothing is sent to a server. 3. **Review the decoded content** - Check the full text and its detected type. For web links, inspect the address before opening it. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the exact decoded value for use in another app, or choose another image to scan again. ## Who it's for - **Phone users** reading a QR code from a screenshot when the code is already on the same device. - **Security-conscious users** checking the destination of a QR link before deciding whether to open it. - **Designers and printers** testing whether a QR code remains readable in an exported image or photographed proof. - **Support teams** extracting Wi-Fi, contact, or setup data from a QR code sent by a customer. ## Expert note A QR reader needs the full square plus a quiet zone around it, ideally four light modules wide. Tight crops, glare across a finder square, motion blur, and a code that occupies only a tiny part of a large photo are the most common reasons an otherwise valid code will not decode. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this QR code decoder free? Yes. You can decode as many QR code images as you need without creating an account, installing an app, or paying. There is no watermark or export limit because the result is plain text read directly from the image. ### Is my QR code image uploaded? No. Your browser opens the file, converts it to pixel data, and runs the decoder on your device. The image and decoded content are not sent to a CanDoYa server, which is useful for private links, Wi-Fi credentials, and internal setup codes. ### What image formats can the decoder read? It accepts PNG, JPG or JPEG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, and BMP images up to 25 MB, as long as your browser can display the format. For the most reliable scan, use a sharp PNG screenshot or a well-lit photo with the complete code visible. ### Can I scan a QR code from a screenshot? Yes. Screenshots are often easier to decode than camera photos because they have sharp edges and no glare or perspective distortion. Save or capture the screen, upload the image, and the decoded content appears without needing a second phone or camera. ### Why is my QR code not being detected? Make sure all four edges are visible with some blank space around them. Try a larger, sharper crop if the code is tiny, and avoid blur, glare, heavy compression, or a finger covering one of the three large corner squares. ### Is it safe to open a decoded QR link? Decoding is safe because it only reveals stored data, but the destination may still be untrustworthy. Read the full domain, watch for misspellings or unusual subdomains, and do not open a link that asks for credentials or payment unless you recognize it. ### Can it read an inverted or damaged QR code? The decoder checks both dark-on-light and light-on-dark patterns, and QR error correction can recover some missing modules. It cannot guarantee a result when finder squares are covered, contrast is weak, the image is badly blurred, or too much of the code is missing. ## Related tools - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/) - [Image to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-image-to-text/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "QR Code Generator - Free PNG & SVG Download" description: "Free QR code generator for links and text. Download PNG or SVG, pick colors and size - runs in your browser, no sign-up, and codes never expire." url: https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free QR Code Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a QR code generator? A QR code generator turns text or a link into a scannable QR code image. Type or paste your content, choose the size, colors, and error-correction level, then download the code as PNG or SVG. This one runs entirely in your browser, so your codes are static, private, and never expire. Many QR services create **dynamic codes** that route every scan through their server - and stop working when the free trial ends. This tool encodes your text **directly into the pattern**, so the result is a static code with no redirect, no tracking, and no expiration date. Everything is generated locally in your browser; nothing is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your text or link** - Paste a URL, message, phone number, or any text. The QR code updates live as you type. 2. **Adjust the options** - Pick an error-correction level, the PNG size, and the code and background colors. The notes warn you if a choice hurts scanning. 3. **Download PNG or SVG** - PNG works everywhere; SVG is a vector, so it stays sharp at any print size. 4. **Test the scan** - Point an iPhone and an Android camera at the code on screen or paper to confirm it opens what you expect. ## Who it's for - **Small businesses** putting a menu, booking page, or review link on tables, flyers, and packaging. - **Marketers** linking posters, packaging, and print ads to a landing page without a paid QR subscription. - **Teachers and event organizers** sharing sign-up forms, schedules, or slides with a code on the screen. - **Developers** encoding URLs, Wi-Fi strings, tokens, or config values to move data onto a phone quickly. ## Expert note Use error-correction level L for long text - it raises capacity to 2,953 bytes - but Q or H for print that may get scratched or partly covered, and always keep the code darker than its background: inverted codes fail on many scanners. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this QR code generator free? Yes. It is completely free with no account, no watermark, and no limits on how many codes you create. You can download every code as a PNG or SVG and use it commercially. ### Do the QR codes expire? No. The codes are static: your text or link is encoded directly into the pattern, with no shortener or server redirect in between. A downloaded code keeps working forever - or for as long as the link it points to exists. ### Is my text or link uploaded? No. The QR code is generated locally in your browser. The text, link, or data you encode never leaves your device, which also makes the tool safe for internal URLs and tokens. ### Should I download PNG or SVG? PNG is best for screens, documents, and most everyday uses - pick a larger pixel size for large prints. SVG is a vector format that scales to any size without blurring, which makes it the safer choice for posters, packaging, and professional printing. ### How much text fits in a QR code? At the lowest error-correction level a single QR code holds up to 2,953 bytes of text, 4,296 alphanumeric characters, or 7,089 digits. Higher error-correction levels reduce that capacity, and shorter content always produces a cleaner, easier-to-scan code. ### What does the error-correction level do? QR codes store redundant data so they still scan when partly damaged or covered. Level L recovers about 7% of the code, M 15%, Q 25%, and H 30%. Higher levels make the code denser, so use L for long text and Q or H for print. ### Can I change the QR code colors? Yes - pick any code and background color. Keep the code clearly darker than the background: scanners binarize the image, so low contrast or inverted colors (light code on dark background) often fail to scan. ## Related tools - [Profile QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/profile-qr-code/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "QR Code to PDF - Make Printable QR Sheets" description: "Turn links, IDs, or text into a printable QR code PDF sheet. Choose A4 or Letter, grid size, captions, and download locally with no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-to-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free QR Code to PDF Converter Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## What does a QR code to PDF converter do? A QR code to PDF converter turns one or more links, IDs, or text values into a print-ready sheet of scannable QR codes. Add one value per line, choose A4 or Letter paper, set the grid and captions, then download the PDF. Everything is created locally in your browser. **This converter is built for batches.** It creates a separate QR code for each nonblank line, then lays the codes out on one or more portrait pages. Use two columns for large signs, three for everyday labels, or four for compact tags. The PDF has no watermark, and the text you encode is never fetched or uploaded. The preview shows the first page before you create anything. A four-module quiet zone is preserved around every QR symbol, and the PDF draws the modules as vector shapes so their edges stay crisp when printed. Captions are optional and are shortened to fit the cell without changing the data inside the code. ## How to use it 1. **Add one value per line** - Paste links, IDs, Wi-Fi payloads, or plain text into the list. Blank lines are ignored. 2. **Choose the print layout** - Pick A4 or Letter, select two to four codes per row, adjust the page margin, and decide whether captions should appear. 3. **Check the first-page preview** - Confirm that the code density and labels suit the final print size. Use fewer columns when codes will be scanned from farther away. 4. **Create and download the PDF** - Generate the file in your browser, download it, and test a printed sample with the phones and scanners your audience will use. ## Who it's for - **Event teams** printing check-in links, table numbers, or exhibit labels in one batch. - **Operations teams** making asset, shelf, room, or storage-bin tags from an ID list. - **Restaurants and retailers** preparing menu, review, payment, or product links for signs and counters. - **Teachers and workshop hosts** handing out resource links, station instructions, or answer keys as scannable cards. ## Expert note QR reliability depends on module size, payload length, paper, lighting, and scan distance. Fewer columns make every module larger. Non-Latin payloads remain intact inside each code, while their optional captions use numbered labels. Always test the final printed piece. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my QR code data uploaded? No. Your list is processed in the browser. The QR encoder builds each symbol locally, and the PDF writer assembles the pages in device memory. The values are not uploaded, stored, or visited, so internal IDs and unpublished links stay on your device. ### Is the QR code to PDF converter free? Yes. You can create and download printable QR code sheets without an account, watermark, or paid tier. The tool supports up to 100 codes in one batch, which keeps browser memory use predictable while covering common label, event, classroom, and asset-tag jobs. ### How many QR codes can I put in one PDF? You can add up to 100 nonblank values. The exact page count depends on the grid. Two columns fit 6 codes per page, three columns fit 12, and four columns fit 20. Longer lists automatically continue onto additional pages. ### Can I convert several QR codes to one PDF? Yes. Enter one link, ID, or text payload per line. The converter generates a separate QR symbol for every line and places them in reading order from left to right, then top to bottom, across as many pages as needed. ### Should I use A4 or Letter paper? Choose the paper loaded in your printer. A4 is standard in most countries, while US Letter is common in the United States and Canada. Both layouts use portrait orientation and preserve the same page margin and QR grid choices. ### Which QR error correction level should I choose? Level M is a balanced default. Choose Q or H when labels may be scratched, folded, or partly covered, but remember that stronger correction makes the symbol denser. Level L holds more data and can work well for clean indoor prints with short scanning distances. ### Why should I test the printed QR codes? A code that scans on a bright screen may behave differently on paper. Printer resolution, ink spread, glare, folds, code size, payload length, and viewing distance all affect scanning. Print one sample at actual size and test it with more than one phone before producing a large batch. ## Related tools - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/) - [N-up PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/n-up-pdf/) - [Image to PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-pdf/) - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Quadratic Equation Solver with Formula Steps" description: "Solve quadratic equations online with real or complex roots, the discriminant, vertex, and clear quadratic formula steps. Free and private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/quadratic-equation-solver/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Quadratic Equation Solver Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a quadratic equation solver calculate? A quadratic equation solver finds the two solutions of ax² + bx + c = 0 using the quadratic formula. Enter a, b, and c to see real, repeated, or complex roots, plus the discriminant, vertex, axis of symmetry, and each substitution step. Everything calculates instantly in your browser. The solver accepts positive numbers, negative numbers, decimals, zero for b or c, and scientific notation. It reports complex conjugate roots when the parabola does not cross the x-axis. No equation data is uploaded or stored. ## How to use it 1. **Write the standard form** - Move every term to the left so the equation reads ax² + bx + c = 0. 2. **Enter the coefficients** - Type the numbers multiplying x² and x, followed by the constant term. 3. **Read the working** - Review the roots, discriminant, vertex, and formula substitution as they update. 4. **Copy the solution** - Copy the complete result to check homework or save your working. ## Who it's for - Check algebra homework while keeping the formula steps visible. - Find where a projectile or parabola crosses the x-axis. - Classify a quadratic by its positive, zero, or negative discriminant. - Verify the vertex and axis of symmetry before sketching a graph. ## Expert note For two unequal real roots, the calculator uses a numerically stable form of the quadratic formula to avoid subtracting two nearly equal floating-point values. It then uses the product of the roots, c/a, to recover the second root with less rounding loss. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my quadratic equation uploaded? No. Your coefficients and results stay in your browser. The solver performs the arithmetic locally and does not send the equation to a calculation service. ### Is this quadratic equation solver free? Yes. You can solve as many quadratic equations as you need without an account, payment, or download. ### What coefficient limits does the solver have? It accepts finite JavaScript numbers, including decimals and scientific notation. Extremely large coefficients that overflow browser number arithmetic are rejected with an error instead of showing an unreliable answer. ### What happens when the discriminant is negative? A negative discriminant means the equation has no real roots. The solver returns two complex conjugate roots with the same real part and opposite imaginary parts, such as -2 + 2i and -2 - 2i. ### Can a quadratic equation have only one solution? Yes. When b² - 4ac equals zero, both formula branches give the same value. This repeated root is where the parabola touches the x-axis at its vertex. ### Why can coefficient a not equal zero? If a equals zero, the x² term disappears and the equation becomes linear rather than quadratic. This solver flags that case so it does not apply the quadratic formula incorrectly. ### How does the solver find the vertex? The vertex x-coordinate is -b/(2a), which is also the axis of symmetry. Its y-coordinate can be calculated as -D/(4a), where D is the discriminant. ## Related tools - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Query String Builder - Create URL Parameters" description: "Free query string builder for encoded URL parameters, arrays, blank values, and full links. Create and copy the result privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-builder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Query String Builder Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a query string builder? A query string builder turns readable key/value rows into the encoded parameters that follow a question mark in a URL. Add duplicate keys for lists, choose the array and space conventions your API expects, and copy either the query string or a complete link without hand-escaping reserved characters. Build API requests, search links, and test URLs without manually placing ampersands or percent escapes. The output updates locally as you type. An optional base URL keeps its existing parameters and fragment while the new query is appended, and nothing you enter is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Add parameter rows** - Enter each decoded key and value. Repeat the same key on another row when it has multiple values. 2. **Choose the conventions** - Select repeated, bracket, or comma array output, then choose `%20` or plus signs for spaces. 3. **Add a base URL if needed** - Leave it blank for only the query string, or enter a complete HTTP or HTTPS URL to build the full link. 4. **Copy the live result** - Review the encoded output and copy the query string or complete URL. ## Who it's for - **API developers** can assemble filters, pagination, and repeated list parameters in the exact array format an endpoint documents. - **QA engineers** can create edge-case URLs with empty values, duplicate keys, Unicode text, and reserved punctuation. - **Technical writers** can make copy-ready request examples without accidentally treating an ampersand inside a value as a separator. - **Support teams** can append diagnostic parameters to an existing link while preserving its original query and fragment. ## Expert note There is no universal array syntax for query strings. `tag=a&tag=b`, `tag[]=a&tag[]=b`, and `tag=a,b` are all common, but a server may interpret them differently. Match the convention documented by the API you are calling. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this query string builder free? Yes. The query string builder is free with no account, download, or usage limit. Add as many parameter rows as you need and the encoded result updates live. ### Are my URLs or parameters uploaded? No. Parameter grouping, encoding, sorting, and URL assembly all run locally in your browser. The tool does not send your keys, values, tokens, or links to a server. ### How many query parameters can I add? The tool does not impose a parameter limit. Real limits depend on the browser, proxy, server, or application that receives the finished URL, so check that system before relying on an unusually long query string. ### How do I add an array to a query string? Enter the same key on multiple rows, then choose the format your API expects. Repeated mode creates `tag=a&tag=b`, brackets create `tag[]=a&tag[]=b`, and comma mode creates `tag=a,b`. ### Should spaces use %20 or + in a query string? Both forms commonly represent spaces in query values. `+` comes from HTML form encoding, while `%20` is explicit percent encoding. Literal plus signs are always escaped as `%2B`, so they are not confused with spaces. ### Can the builder keep existing URL parameters? Yes. Enter a full HTTP or HTTPS base URL and its current query parameters are preserved before the new parameters. A fragment after `#` also stays at the end of the finished URL. ### Are empty query values valid? Yes. A parameter such as `debug=` is different from omitting `debug` completely. Keep empty values when presence has meaning, or turn on Omit empty values when the receiving service treats blanks as noise. ## Related tools - [Query String Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/) - [URL Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/url-builder/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Query String Parser - Decode & Rebuild URLs" description: "Free query string parser. Decode URL parameters, keep duplicate keys, edit values, and rebuild a query string or full URL in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Query String Parser Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a query string parser? A query string parser turns the part of a URL after the question mark into readable key/value rows. Paste a raw query string or a full URL to decode percent-encoded text, keep duplicate keys in order, edit parameters, and rebuild a clean query string or updated URL. Everything runs in your browser, so private links, API callbacks, campaign URLs, and temporary tokens are not uploaded. The parser uses the browser's standard `URL` and `URLSearchParams` APIs, then adds an editable table on top so you can inspect and rebuild parameters without losing repeated keys. ## How to use it 1. **Paste a URL or query string** - Use a full URL like `https://example.com/?a=1`, a raw query like `a=1&b=2`, or a query with a leading question mark. 2. **Review decoded rows** - The table shows each key and value after percent decoding. Duplicate keys stay as separate rows in their original order. 3. **Edit, add, remove, or sort** - Change keys and values directly, add missing parameters, remove noisy rows, or sort the list by key when you want a stable output. 4. **Copy the rebuilt output** - Copy the encoded query string, the version with a leading question mark, the updated full URL, or a JSON array of key/value pairs. ## Who it's for - **Developers debugging callbacks** can paste OAuth, webhook, or redirect URLs and inspect every decoded parameter row. - **Marketers checking campaign links** can read `utm_*` values, spot blanks, and rebuild a clean tracking URL. - **QA teams reproducing bugs** can edit one parameter at a time and copy the updated query string into a test case. - **Support teams handling shared links** can see duplicate keys and blank values that are easy to miss in a long URL. ## Expert note A query parser should not collapse repeated keys: `tag=shoes&tag=sale` is different from one `tag` value joined with a comma, and many APIs read every occurrence with `getAll()`. This tool keeps the order intact and uses form-url-encoded rules, so spaces serialize as `+` and literal plus signs serialize as `%2B`. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this query string parser free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, no download, and no usage limit. Paste a query string or URL and the decoded rows appear immediately in your browser. ### Is my URL or query string uploaded? No. Parsing, editing, and rebuilding all happen locally in your browser. That is useful when a URL contains access tokens, email addresses, campaign IDs, or other values you do not want to send to another server. ### Can it parse a full URL? Yes. Paste a full URL and the tool reads only the URL's search parameters, preserves the path and fragment, and gives you a rebuilt full URL after edits. You can also paste a raw query string with or without the leading question mark. ### Does it keep duplicate keys? Yes. Duplicate keys are preserved as separate rows in the order they appear. The duplicate summary calls them out so you can see cases like `tag=shoes&tag=summer` without accidentally merging them. ### How are blank values handled? Blank values stay blank. A parameter such as `empty=` appears with an empty value, and a key without an equals sign is treated the same way by `URLSearchParams` when it is rebuilt. ### Are percent-encoded values decoded? Yes. Values like `blue%20shoes` show as `blue shoes` in the table. When you copy the rebuilt query, the tool encodes values again using browser-standard form-url-encoded rules. ### What happens to the part after #? In a full URL, the fragment after `#` is preserved when the rebuilt URL is copied. In a raw query string, anything after `#` is ignored because fragments are not part of the query parameters. ## Related tools - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JWT Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Question Answering Tool - Extract from Text" description: "Use a free question answering tool to extract an answer from English text on your device. See the source passage and confidence with no text upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/question-answering/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Question Answering Tool Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a question answering tool? A question answering tool finds a short answer to a question inside context you provide. This extractive reader searches English text for one continuous answer span, reports its model confidence, and shows the source passage. The model runs inside your browser, so your context and question are not uploaded for inference. **This tool uses Xenova's uncased DistilBERT model fine-tuned on SQuAD 1.1 through Transformers.js.** It divides longer context into overlapping passages, reads each passage in a browser worker, and ranks the returned spans. WebGPU is tried first, with a WebAssembly CPU fallback when graphics acceleration is unavailable. Extractive question answering does not write a new explanation or search the web. It selects words already present in the supplied context. The first run downloads public runtime, tokenizer, and model files that total tens of megabytes. Browsers normally cache them, but cleared storage or private browsing can cause another download. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the source context** - Enter up to 6,000 characters of focused English text that contains the fact you want to find. 2. **Ask a specific question** - Use a factual question whose answer should be one continuous phrase in the context. 3. **Run the local reader** - Select Find answer, then let the first model download and on-device reading pass finish. 4. **Check the evidence** - Review the highlighted source span and confidence score, then copy the result or refine the question. ## Who it's for - **Students and researchers** locating a date, person, place, quantity, or definition in focused English notes. - **Meeting participants** checking transcript excerpts for a stated deadline, owner, decision, or follow-up. - **Support and operations teams** finding a specific policy detail in pasted documentation without uploading internal text for inference. - **Editors and fact-checkers** tracing a short answer back to the exact passage before quoting or summarizing it. ## Expert note DistilBERT was trained to select a continuous span from a passage, so it works best when the answer appears explicitly and close to the wording of the question. It cannot reliably combine facts from distant sentences, calculate a new value, or recognize that no answer exists because SQuAD 1.1 contains answerable questions. Treat a low score as a prompt to narrow the context or verify manually. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my context or question uploaded? No. The context and question are sent only to a worker in your browser for inference. The worker downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and DistilBERT model files from their hosts, but those file requests do not include the text you entered. CanDoYa does not run a question answering API for this tool. ### Is the question answering tool free? Yes. There is no account, API key, payment, or server-side usage quota. Your device performs the model inference. You still use network data for the first public runtime and model download, and the browser needs enough memory and storage to load and cache those files. ### How much context can I use? You can enter up to 6,000 Unicode characters of context and a question up to 300 characters. Longer context is divided into overlapping passages of at most 1,400 characters. Focused context usually gives clearer results because fewer unrelated phrases compete as possible answer spans. ### What kind of questions work best? Ask factual English questions whose answer appears as one continuous phrase, such as who, when, where, how many, or what a term means. Questions that require arithmetic, outside knowledge, opinion, multi-step reasoning, or combining distant passages do not match this extractive model's training task. ### What does the confidence score mean? The score ranks how strongly the model preferred the selected start and end tokens for this question and context. It is not a guarantee that the answer is true or complete. Compare the highlighted passage with the question, especially when the score is low or the wording is ambiguous. ### Can the model say that the context has no answer? Not reliably. This DistilBERT checkpoint was fine-tuned on SQuAD 1.1, where each training question has an answer in the passage. It will often select some span even when your context does not contain a good answer. A weak or unrelated result should be treated as no useful answer and checked manually. ### Which languages does the reader support? The selected DistilBERT checkpoint and SQuAD fine-tuning are English, so the page marks the tool English only. Text in another language may still produce an output, but that output lacks the same training basis and should not be treated as a reliable reading-comprehension result. ### Does question answering work without WebGPU? Yes. The worker tries WebGPU when the browser and graphics adapter expose it. If that path is unavailable or fails, the tool restarts with the WebAssembly CPU backend. The fallback keeps the context on your device, but loading and inference may take longer. ## Related tools - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/) - [Text Similarity](https://candoya.com/tools/text-similarity/) - [Zero-Shot Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/zero-shot-classifier/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Online Notepad - Free Notepad with Autosave" description: "Free online notepad that autosaves in your browser. Jot notes, get a live word and character count, then copy or download as .txt. No sign-up, no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Notepad Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is an online notepad? An online notepad is a free text box in your browser for quick notes. This one autosaves everything to your device as you type, so your notes are still there after you reload or reopen the tab. It shows a live word and character count and lets you copy the text or download it as a .txt file - all offline, nothing is uploaded. Everything runs in your browser with plain JavaScript. Your note is written to your browser's local storage a moment after you stop typing, which means it stays on this device even if you close the tab or restart your computer - but it is never sent to a server and no one else can see it. There is no account, no length limit beyond what your device can hold, and no clutter: just a big box, a live word and character count, and buttons to copy or download your text. ## How to use it 1. **Start typing** - Click into the box and write your note - there is nothing to set up. 2. **Let it autosave** - Your text is saved to your browser automatically; the status shows "Saved" once it's stored. 3. **Come back anytime** - Reload or reopen the page and your note is still here, exactly as you left it. 4. **Copy or download** - Use Copy all to grab the whole note, or Download .txt to save it as a file. Clear wipes it when you're done. ## Who it's for - **Writers and students** capturing a quick draft, quote or idea before it slips away. - **Developers and support agents** using it as a scratchpad for snippets, tickets and to-dos between tasks. - **Anyone on a shared or locked-down PC** who needs a notepad but can't install software. - **People switching devices** who want to write, then download the note as a .txt file to move it elsewhere. ## Expert note Autosave stores your note in this browser's localStorage, so it is tied to one browser on one device - it will not appear on your phone or in another browser, and clearing your site data or browsing history erases it. It also won't work in a private/incognito window that blocks storage; if that happens the tool tells you and keeps the note on screen so you can still copy or download it before leaving. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my notes saved automatically? Yes. A moment after you stop typing, the note is written to your browser's local storage, so it survives reloading the page or closing and reopening the tab. The status shows "Saved" once it's stored. ### Where are my notes stored? Only in your own browser, in its localStorage. They never leave your device and are never uploaded to a server, so no one else can read them. ### Will my notes be there on another device? No. Because the note lives in this browser on this device, it won't appear on your phone or in a different browser. Use Download .txt to move a note somewhere else. ### What happens if I clear my browser data? Clearing your site data, cookies or browsing history for this site erases the saved note, because that is where it is stored. Download it first if you want to keep a copy. ### Is the online notepad free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Does it work offline? Once the page has loaded, yes - typing, autosave, copy and download all work without an internet connection because everything happens locally in your browser. ## Related tools - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Rail Fence Cipher Encoder & Decoder" description: "Free online rail fence cipher tool. Encrypt and decrypt text with any number of rails, see the zigzag pattern, and copy the result. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rail-fence-cipher/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Rail Fence Cipher Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is the rail fence cipher? The rail fence cipher is a classic transposition cipher that writes a message in a zigzag down and up across a set number of rows, or rails, then reads it off row by row to scramble the letters. It hides nothing but the order of the characters, so decrypting is just reversing the zigzag with the same rail count. This tool encrypts and decrypts rail fence text live as you type and never leaves your device. Set the number of **rails** - that is the whole key - and watch the fence preview show exactly how your text zigzags across the rows. Because it only reorders characters, it works on any text: spaces, punctuation, accents and emoji all survive a round trip, and decrypting with the same rail count returns your original message character for character. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a direction** - Pick Encrypt to scramble plain text, or Decrypt to unscramble rail fence ciphertext. 2. **Set the rails** - Enter the number of rails (the key). Both sides must use the same rail count - 3 is the classic choice. 3. **Type or paste your text** - The result updates instantly in the panel beside it, and the fence preview shows the zigzag. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the output to use it, or switch to Decrypt with the same rails to confirm it round-trips. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** learning classical cryptography who want to see the zigzag pattern, not just the answer. - **Puzzle and escape-room makers** encoding clues that are easy to solve by hand with the right rail count. - **CTF and cipher-challenge players** decrypting rail fence text and trying different rail counts quickly. - **Anyone curious about ciphers** who wants to encrypt a short message and check that it decrypts back exactly. ## Expert note The rail count matters far less than it looks: with N rails a message only ever uses a repeating zigzag of period 2N-2, so once N passes about half the message length the rows stop interleaving and the ciphertext barely changes. That tiny key space is why the rail fence is trivial to break by simply trying every rail count - treat it as a puzzle, never as real protection. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this rail fence cipher tool free? Yes - it's completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Both encryption and decryption run entirely in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Your text is processed locally in your browser and never sent to a server, so it stays private even for the messages you are testing. ### What are rails in the rail fence cipher? Rails are the rows the message is written across. The text starts on the top rail, steps down to the bottom rail, bounces back up, and repeats in a zigzag. The number of rails is the cipher's only key. ### How do I decrypt a rail fence cipher without the key? The key is just the number of rails, and there are very few sensible values. Try each rail count from 2 upward and read the outputs - the one that produces readable text is the answer. That is why the cipher offers almost no real security. ### Does it keep spaces and punctuation? Yes. The rail fence cipher only reorders characters, so spaces, punctuation, accents and emoji are all kept and moved along with the letters. Decrypting with the same rail count restores everything exactly. ### Is the rail fence cipher secure? No. It is a teaching and puzzle cipher, not real encryption. Because the key is only the rail count, anyone can break it in seconds by trying each value. Use it for learning and games, never to protect sensitive data. ### What is the difference from the Caesar cipher? The Caesar cipher is a substitution cipher: it replaces each letter with another. The rail fence is a transposition cipher: it keeps the same letters but changes their order. They are often taught together as the two basic cipher families. ## Related tools - [Caesar Cipher](https://candoya.com/tools/caesar-cipher/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Random Color Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free random color generator for HEX, RGB and HSL values. Reroll colors, lock favorites, use a seed and copy CSS-ready output." url: https://candoya.com/tools/random-color-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Random Color Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a random color generator? A random color generator creates fresh digital colors for design, code and creative prompts. This tool rolls independent HEX colors, converts each one to RGB and HSL, recommends readable black or white text, and lets you lock favorites before rerolling the rest. Everything runs in your browser. Use this when you need a quick color idea, not a full harmony system. Set the number of colors, keep the seed when you want the same result again, and lock any swatch worth saving. Each color includes **copyable HEX, RGB, HSL and CSS output**, plus a readable text recommendation based on WCAG contrast math. ## How to use it 1. **Choose how many colors to roll** - Use the color count control for anything from a single random color to a lightweight set of twelve. 2. **Reroll or change the seed** - Click Reroll colors for a fresh seed, or type your own seed to recreate the same random colors later. 3. **Lock favorites and copy output** - Lock any swatch you want to keep, reroll the others, then copy a single format, the HEX list, CSS variables or a quick gradient. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** testing UI states with real CSS color values instead of placeholder names. - **Designers** looking for unexpected accent colors before building a more deliberate palette. - **Game makers and creative coders** generating quick color sets for sprites, particles or procedural sketches. - **Teachers and students** exploring how one HEX color maps to RGB channels, HSL notation and contrast. ## Expert note Random colors are generated inside the 24-bit sRGB space, which gives 16,777,216 possible HEX values. The seed makes the set repeatable, while the lock controls let you curate one color at a time instead of losing a good roll. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this random color generator free? Yes. The random color generator is free, has no sign-up and has no usage limit. Generate one color or a small set whenever you need quick CSS-ready values. ### Are my colors uploaded anywhere? No. The colors, seed and locks stay in your browser. The generator uses local JavaScript and does not send your color choices to a server. ### What color formats can I copy? Each random color includes HEX, RGB and HSL. You can also copy the whole set as a HEX list, CSS custom properties or a linear-gradient string for quick experiments. ### What does the seed do? The seed turns the random roll into a repeatable result. Use the same seed and color count to get the same color set again, which is useful when sharing a concept or returning to an earlier idea. ### How is readable text chosen? The tool compares each background color against black and white using the WCAG contrast ratio formula. It recommends the text color with the higher contrast and shows the ratio next to the swatch. ### Is this a color palette generator? It is related, but the job is different. This page generates independent random colors. Use the color palette generator when you want coordinated harmonies such as complementary, analogous, triadic or monochromatic schemes. ## Related tools - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Ratio Calculator - Simplify and Divide Ratios" description: "Ratio calculator to simplify two-part or multi-part ratios, find equivalent ratios, percentages and proportional shares of any total." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ratio-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Ratio Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a ratio calculator? A ratio calculator reduces two or more quantities to their simplest whole-number relationship. Enter values such as 12:18:30 to get 2:3:5, see each part as a percentage, generate equivalent ratios, and optionally divide a total into proportional shares. Results update instantly in your browser. This calculator accepts two to six non-negative values, including decimals. It converts decimal terms to exact whole-number proportions before reducing them, so 2.5:5 becomes 1:2 without rounding the input first. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the ratio** - Type two to six values separated by colons, such as 12:18:30. 2. **Read the simplified ratio** - The result updates live with the lowest whole-number ratio, percentages and equivalent ratios. 3. **Divide an optional total** - Enter a total to see the amount assigned to every ratio part. 4. **Copy the result** - Use Copy to save the simplified ratio and any calculated shares. ## Who it's for - **Cooks and bakers** can resize ingredient blends while preserving a recipe's proportions. - **Teachers and students** can check simplified and equivalent ratios in arithmetic exercises. - **DIY makers** can divide paint, mortar or other mixtures into proportional parts. - **Teams and planners** can split a budget, quantity or workload according to weighted shares. ## Expert note When ratio terms contain decimals, multiply every term by the same power of ten before finding the greatest common divisor. For example, 1.5:2.25 becomes 150:225, then reduces exactly to 2:3. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this ratio calculator free? Yes. You can simplify ratios, generate equivalent ratios and divide totals without signing up or paying. ### Are my ratio values uploaded? No. All arithmetic runs locally in your browser. The values you enter are not sent to a server. ### How many values can I put in a ratio? This calculator accepts between two and six values. That covers ordinary two-part ratios and multi-part mixtures such as 3:2:1. ### How do you simplify a ratio? Convert all terms to whole numbers, find their greatest common divisor, then divide every term by that same divisor. The new terms keep exactly the same relationship. ### Can a ratio contain decimals? Yes. Decimal terms are converted to exact integers using a common power of ten before simplification. For example, 2.5:5 simplifies to 1:2. ### How do you split a total by a ratio? Add the ratio terms to find the total number of shares. Divide the total by that sum, then multiply by each ratio term. A total of 100 split 3:2 gives 60 and 40. ### What is an equivalent ratio? Equivalent ratios describe the same proportion. Multiplying or dividing every term by the same non-zero number creates an equivalent ratio, so 2:3, 4:6 and 10:15 are equivalent. ## Related tools - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Decimal to Fraction Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/decimal-to-fraction/) - [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/aspect-ratio-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reaction Time Test - Check Your Reflex Speed" description: "Take a free reaction time test and measure your visual reflex speed in milliseconds across five rounds. Works with mouse, keyboard, or touch." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reaction-time-test/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Reaction Time Test Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What is a reaction time test? A reaction time test measures the delay between seeing a visual cue and responding to it. Wait for the panel to turn green, then click, tap, or press a key as quickly as you can. Five rounds produce a median score in milliseconds, plus your average, best result, and consistency. This test uses a random pause before every cue so you cannot learn the timing. A click during the waiting state is marked as a false start and does not enter your score. All timing and scoring happen locally in your browser, and no results are uploaded. The timer uses the browser's high-resolution performance clock. Your displayed result still includes monitor refresh, input-device latency, and browser scheduling, so compare sessions on the same device for the most useful trend. ## How to use it 1. **Start the test** - Click, tap, or press Space while the test area is focused to begin the first round. 2. **Wait for green** - Keep watching during the random pause. Do not guess, because an early response is marked as a false start. 3. **React to the cue** - Respond as soon as the panel turns green. Your time appears in milliseconds after each valid round. 4. **Complete five rounds** - Repeat until the tool reports your median, average, fastest time, and spread between the fastest and slowest rounds. ## Who it's for - **Gamers** checking visual response speed before a practice session and tracking changes on the same setup. - **Athletes and coaches** using a quick non-clinical warmup to discuss attention and response consistency. - **Students and teachers** demonstrating stimulus-response timing and why repeated trials are more useful than one click. - **Device owners** comparing mouse, trackpad, keyboard, and touch input on the same screen. ## Expert note Use the median as your headline score because it is less distorted than the mean by one distracted or unusually slow round. For a fair personal comparison, keep the same browser, display, input device, hand position, and room conditions between sessions. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this reaction time test free? Yes. You can run unlimited five-round reaction time tests for free, with no account, download, or score limit. The test works directly in a modern browser with a mouse, keyboard, trackpad, or touchscreen. ### Are my reaction time results uploaded? No. The random cue, timing, score calculation, and round history all run locally in your browser. Your reaction times are not sent to a server or saved to an account. Reloading or leaving the page clears the current session. ### How many attempts does the reaction time test use? Each session uses five valid attempts. False starts are not recorded and you retry the same round. Five attempts are quick enough to finish in under a minute while reducing the influence of one lucky, distracted, or unusually slow response. ### What is a good reaction time? Simple visual reaction times on web tests often fall around 200 to 300 milliseconds, but device latency can shift the result. Treat the bands here as a friendly benchmark, not a diagnosis. Your best comparison is against your own earlier sessions on the same hardware. ### Why is my reaction time slower on a phone? Touchscreen processing, display refresh, browser scheduling, and the distance your finger moves can add delay. A wired mouse and a faster-refresh display may report a lower time. Compare devices as complete setups rather than assuming one result measures only your nervous system. ### How accurate is an online reaction time test? The browser clock can measure short intervals precisely, but the visible cue and your input travel through hardware and operating-system layers. This makes the test useful for personal benchmarking on a consistent setup, but it is not a clinical or laboratory assessment. ### Does clicking too early affect my score? No. A response before the green cue is shown as a false start and is not included in the median, average, best time, or round count. Click the test area again to retry that round with a new random wait. ## Related tools - [Typing Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/) - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Readability Score Checker - Flesch-Kincaid & More" description: "Free readability checker: paste any text and see Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Gunning Fog, SMOG, ARI and Coleman-Liau live. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Readability Score Checker Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a readability score? A readability score estimates how hard a piece of writing is to read, usually as a US grade level. This free checker computes six classic formulas at once (Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning Fog, SMOG, Automated Readability Index and Coleman-Liau) so you can compare them and pick a target audience with confidence. Everything runs in your browser. Words, sentences and syllables are tokenised locally; each formula is applied to those counts; nothing is uploaded, stored, or sent to a server. The page works offline once it's loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Type or paste the article, page or paragraph into the box above. 2. **Read the summary** - The big tiles show the consensus US grade level and the Flesch Reading Ease score with its plain-language band, so you know at a glance who can read it. 3. **Compare the formulas** - Below the summary, every formula's raw score and grade equivalent are listed side by side. If they disagree, pick the one closest to your audience and edit until you hit the target. ## Who it's for - **Bloggers and content marketers** aiming for the Standard band (Flesch 60-70) so a general audience finishes the post. - **Technical writers** checking that documentation lands at the grade level their support team expects. - **Students and academics** matching an essay or abstract to the reading level of a target journal or audience. - **Editors and ESL teachers** grading text complexity and spotting paragraphs that need to be cut or simplified. - **UX writers** tightening onboarding copy to the 8th-grade target most product teams write to. ## Expert note The five grade-based formulas often disagree by 1-2 grades on the same text - that is normal, not a bug. Flesch-Kincaid leans on syllables; Coleman-Liau and ARI ignore syllables and lean on letter counts; SMOG was designed for 30+ sentence samples and over-states grade on short texts. Our consensus tile averages the five grade-based formulas (Flesch Reading Ease is excluded because it is an ease score, not a grade), which smooths out their individual quirks. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the readability checker free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, no length limit. The whole page runs in your browser; your text is never uploaded. ### Which readability score should I trust? For general web writing, Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid grade level are the two most widely used; aim for Reading Ease 60-70 (Standard, around 8th grade). For longer-form text with 30+ sentences, SMOG is the most reliable single grade-based formula. For short, factual prose, Coleman-Liau and ARI tend to agree. ### How is Flesch Reading Ease calculated? Flesch Reading Ease = 206.835 - 1.015 × (words / sentences) - 84.6 × (syllables / words). Higher is easier. 90-100 is very easy (5th grade), 60-70 is plain English (8th-9th), 30-50 is college-level, and below 30 is best understood by university graduates. ### What is a good Flesch-Kincaid grade level for web content? Most consumer web pages, news sites and product copy target Flesch-Kincaid grade 7 to 9. Lower it for landing pages and onboarding; raise it for engineering docs or academic writing. Aim where your real readers are, not at the lowest possible number. ### How are syllables counted? Each word is lower-cased and stripped of non-letters, then a regex counts vowel groups while removing silent endings like -e and -es. It is the standard English heuristic that textstat and similar libraries use - around 85-90% accurate, which is already much smaller than the 10-15% error built into the formulas themselves. ### Why do the six scores disagree on the same text? Each formula weighs different signals. Flesch-Kincaid and SMOG focus on syllables; Coleman-Liau and the Automated Readability Index focus on letter and word lengths; Gunning Fog focuses on long words. A 1-2 grade spread is normal. The consensus tile averages the five grade-based formulas so you get one number to act on. ### Does the SMOG score work on short text? SMOG was published for samples of at least 30 sentences. We still compute it for any input so you can compare, but if your sample is shorter, lean on Flesch-Kincaid, ARI or Coleman-Liau and treat SMOG as a rough sanity check. ### Does it work on non-English text? These formulas were calibrated for English. Word, sentence and character counts are still computed for any text, but Flesch, Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning Fog and SMOG depend on English syllable patterns and produce noisy numbers for other languages. For non-English text, treat the scores as directional only. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reading Time Calculator - Words to Minutes" description: "Free reading time calculator: paste any text, pick a reading speed, see how long it takes to read in minutes. Counts words and book pages too. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Reading Time Calculator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a reading time calculator? A reading time calculator estimates how long it takes to silently read a piece of text at a chosen words-per-minute speed. Paste an article, blog draft or chapter, pick slow, average, college or speed-reader, and the minutes update live - so you can label posts with an honest read time before you publish. It runs entirely in your browser. The page counts the words in your text and divides by the reading rate you pick, so there's no upload, no account and no length limit beyond what your device can handle. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Drop the article, chapter or passage into the box above. 2. **Pick a reading speed** - Slow (150 wpm) for young or learning readers, Average (238 wpm) for the typical adult, College (300 wpm) for trained readers, Speed reader (450 wpm) for the upper bound. 3. **Read the time** - Reading time, word count and equivalent book pages update live as you edit. Copy the figure or change the speed to compare. ## Who it's for - **Bloggers and editors** adding an honest 'X min read' badge to a new post. - **Students** deciding how much of a reading list fits into tonight's study block. - **Authors and self-publishers** turning a manuscript word count into a paperback-page estimate. - **UX writers and product teams** sizing onboarding screens, help articles and release notes. - **Teachers** matching a handout to a class period or homework slot. ## Expert note The 238 wpm 'average' preset comes from Brysbaert's 2019 meta-analysis of adult silent reading of non-fiction English - which is meaningfully faster than reading aloud (~150 wpm) and slower than trained speed reading. The book-pages tile uses 275 words per paperback page, the publishing rule of thumb for trade fiction. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the reading time calculator free? Yes - it's 100% free with no sign-up and no word limit. It runs entirely in your browser, so nothing you paste is uploaded to a server. ### How does it convert words to minutes? It counts the whitespace-separated words in your text and divides by the reading rate you picked. So 1,500 words at 238 wpm is about 6 minutes 18 seconds; at 300 wpm the same text reads in 5 minutes. ### What's a realistic average reading speed? Brysbaert's 2019 meta-analysis put adult silent reading of non-fiction English at roughly 238 words per minute - the basis for our Average preset. Fiction tends to be a bit faster, dense technical text slower, and people read on screens a little slower than on paper. ### Reading time versus speaking time - what's the difference? You read silently faster than you can say the same words out loud. Adults read silently at about 238 wpm but speak at roughly 150 wpm. Use this tool for blog reads and study planning; use the speaking time calculator for scripts, speeches and podcasts. ### How is the 'book pages' number calculated? It divides the word count by 275 words per page, the standard estimate for a trade paperback novel. Use it as a rough conversion - margins, type size and book trim can shift the real page count by 10-20%. ### How accurate is the estimate? Within about 10-15% for typical English prose. Real reading time varies with familiarity, vocabulary, scanning vs deep reading, and whether you're on phone or paper. Pick the preset that matches your reader, then adjust if you know they're faster or slower. ### Does it work for languages without spaces, like Chinese or Japanese? Word counts use whitespace, so a CJK paragraph counts as one word and the time figure will be wrong. For those languages, divide your character count by a per-language characters-per-minute rate instead - the numbers on this page assume an English-style word boundary. ## Related tools - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/) - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Recipe Scaler - Resize Ingredients by Servings" description: "Free recipe scaler to resize a full ingredient list for any serving count. Handles mixed fractions and ranges, with no sign-up or upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-scaler/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Recipe Scaler Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a recipe scaler? A recipe scaler adjusts every ingredient amount for a new number of servings. Enter the original and target yields, then paste the ingredient list. The tool multiplies leading quantities by the serving ratio, handles fractions and ranges, and preserves the units and descriptions you already use. The serving ratio is calculated as **target servings divided by original servings**. Your draft stays in this browser so you can return to it, and none of the recipe text is uploaded. This scaler changes quantities only; it does not guess ingredient densities or convert measurement units. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the serving counts** - Set how many servings the original recipe makes and how many you want to make. 2. **Paste the ingredients** - Put one ingredient on each line, starting measured lines with a whole number, decimal, fraction, mixed number or range. 3. **Check the scaled recipe** - Review the live result and any lines without a leading quantity, which stay unchanged. 4. **Copy the new list** - Copy the scaled ingredients into your recipe notes, meal plan or shopping list. ## Who it's for - **Home cooks** resizing a family recipe for fewer or more people. - **Meal preppers** turning one dinner recipe into several planned portions. - **Bakers** doubling or halving a formula without redoing every fraction by hand. - **Hosts and caterers** scaling an ingredient list for a larger group. - **Recipe testers** reducing a batch while keeping the ingredient ratios consistent. ## Expert note Ingredient quantities scale in direct proportion, but pan geometry, cooking time, heat transfer and practical items such as whole eggs may not. Treat the scaled list as the arithmetic starting point, then use cooking judgment for the method. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my recipe uploaded or shared? No. The recipe scaler runs in your browser and does not upload ingredient text to a server. It stores the current draft in your browser's local storage so it can survive a refresh. Clearing the tool removes that saved draft. ### Is the recipe scaler free? Yes. You can scale as many recipes as you need with no sign-up, payment or download. The calculations happen locally in your browser. ### How many ingredients can I scale? A recipe can contain up to 1,000 lines and 100,000 characters. That is far beyond a normal home or commercial ingredient list while keeping the live result responsive. ### How do you scale a recipe to a different number of servings? Divide the target servings by the original servings to get the scale factor, then multiply every ingredient amount by that factor. A recipe that serves four scaled to six uses a factor of 1.5, so 2 cups becomes 3 cups. ### Does it handle fractions and mixed numbers? Yes. Leading quantities can be whole numbers, decimals, common fractions such as 3/4, mixed numbers such as 1 1/2, Unicode fractions such as ½, or ranges such as 1-2. Results use practical fractions when the value is close to one. ### What happens to lines such as salt to taste? Lines without a number at the beginning stay exactly as written. This preserves notes such as salt to taste, oil for the pan and garnish as needed instead of inventing quantities that were not in the recipe. ### Does the recipe scaler convert cups to grams? No. It scales each amount while preserving the existing unit and ingredient description. Converting cups to grams depends on the ingredient's density, so that is a different job from changing the number of servings. ## Related tools - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) - [Online Habit Tracker](https://candoya.com/tools/habit-tracker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Recipe Unit Converter - Cups, Grams and More" description: "Recipe unit converter for cups, grams, tablespoons, milliliters and more. Get ingredient-aware baking estimates instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-unit-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Recipe Unit Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a recipe unit converter? A recipe unit converter changes cooking measurements between cups, spoons, milliliters, grams, ounces and other common units. It converts volume or weight directly and uses an ingredient-specific reference when you cross between them, so a cup of flour is not treated like a cup of honey. Choose an amount, the unit in your recipe and the unit you need. **Volume-to-weight results use the selected ingredient**, while volume-to-volume and weight-to-weight conversions use fixed unit factors. Your latest settings stay in this browser and no recipe data is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the recipe amount** - Type a decimal, common fraction or mixed number such as 2 1/2. 2. **Choose the units** - Select the measurement in the recipe and the unit you want to use. 3. **Pick the ingredient** - For a volume-to-weight conversion, choose the ingredient so the correct household reference is applied. 4. **Use the live result** - Read or copy the converted amount, then adjust any field to recalculate instantly. ## Who it's for - **Bakers** converting US cup recipes into grams for a kitchen scale. - **Home cooks** translating tablespoons and fluid ounces into milliliters. - **International recipe readers** adapting unfamiliar measurements to the tools in their kitchen. - **Recipe testers** checking both directions before documenting a formula. - **Meal preppers** standardizing ingredient amounts across notes from different sources. ## Expert note A US cup is 236.588 mL, but its weight changes with the ingredient and measuring method. For repeatable baking, treat cup-to-gram values as practical references and weigh directly whenever the original recipe provides a mass. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my recipe data uploaded? No. The converter performs every calculation in your browser. It saves only the current amount and unit choices in local browser storage so they can survive a refresh. No ingredient list or measurement is sent to a server. ### Is the recipe unit converter free? Yes. You can make unlimited cooking measurement conversions with no account, payment or download. The tool runs locally in a modern web browser. ### How large an amount can I convert? You can convert any non-negative amount up to one billion units. The input accepts whole numbers, decimals, simple fractions, mixed numbers and common Unicode fractions. ### How many grams are in one cup? It depends on the ingredient. One US cup holds about 236.6 milliliters, but a level cup of all-purpose flour is commonly referenced at 120 grams while a cup of honey is much heavier. Select the ingredient before converting cups to grams. ### Does the converter accept fractions? Yes. You can enter values such as 1/2, 1 1/2, 1-1/2 or Unicode fractions such as ½. The result is displayed as a concise decimal that is easier to use with a scale or graduated measure. ### Are cups and tablespoons the same size in every country? No. This tool uses US customary cups, tablespoons, teaspoons and fluid ounces. Metric cups are often 250 milliliters, and Australian tablespoons are commonly 20 milliliters, so check the recipe's origin when precision matters. ### Why is a cups-to-grams result only an estimate? Cups measure volume while grams measure mass. Flour can settle or become compacted, brown sugar may be packed differently, and ingredient moisture varies. The converter uses a practical grams-per-cup reference, but a scale gives the most repeatable result. ### Can this tool resize a full recipe for more servings? This converter changes one measurement from one unit to another. To multiply every ingredient for a different yield, use the separate Recipe Scaler, which preserves each unit and adjusts quantities by the serving ratio. ## Related tools - [Recipe Scaler](https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-scaler/) - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/) - [Weight Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/weight-converter/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) - [Unit Price Comparison](https://candoya.com/tools/unit-price-comparison/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Recurring Date Calculator - Repeat Dates" description: "Recurring date calculator to generate daily, weekly, monthly or yearly schedules. Handle month ends, list up to 200 dates and copy the results." url: https://candoya.com/tools/recurring-date-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Recurring Date Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a recurring date calculator? A recurring date calculator turns one start date and a repeat interval into a complete schedule of future dates. Choose daily, weekly, monthly or yearly repeats, set how many occurrences you need, and copy the finished list. Month-end and leap-day controls keep irregular calendar dates predictable. Use this **recurring date generator** for any date-only schedule that follows a regular interval. Every result is calculated in your browser, so dates are never uploaded or stored. The start date is occurrence one, and the output includes readable dates plus unambiguous ISO values for spreadsheets and databases. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the first date** - Enter the date that should appear as occurrence one in the schedule. 2. **Set the recurrence** - Choose daily, weekly, monthly or yearly, then enter how many units separate each date. 3. **Pick the schedule length** - Generate from 1 to 200 dates and choose how monthly or yearly rules handle a missing day. 4. **Review and copy** - Check the first date, last date and calendar span, then copy the full dated list. ## Who it's for - **Finance teams** listing payment, invoice, renewal and reporting dates before adding them to a spreadsheet. - **Project managers** mapping weekly check-ins, monthly reviews and quarterly milestones from a fixed kickoff date. - **Operations teams** planning inspections, maintenance windows and recurring compliance checks. - **Content teams** preparing publishing calendars with weekly, biweekly or monthly cadences. - **Individuals** checking repeat dates for classes, appointments, subscriptions and household tasks. ## Expert note Monthly and yearly recurrences stay anchored to the original day instead of chaining from an adjusted result. With clamping, January 31 can become February 28 and then return to March 31. The skip option follows the default RFC 5545 rule by omitting invalid dates such as February 31. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my recurring dates uploaded or saved? No. The calculator runs entirely in your browser. Your start date, recurrence settings and generated schedule are not uploaded, stored in an account or sent to a calculation service. ### Is the recurring date calculator free? Yes. You can generate and copy as many schedules as you need without signing up, downloading software or paying a fee. Each schedule can contain up to 200 dates. ### How many recurring dates can I generate? You can generate between 1 and 200 dates at a time. The first date is always the start date. The repeat interval can range from 1 to 999 days, weeks, months or years, provided the result remains within years 1 through 9999. ### What happens to a monthly date on the 29th, 30th or 31st? You choose the rule. Use the last day of the month to move an invalid date backward, so January 31 becomes February 28 or 29. Choose skip to omit months that do not contain the original day number. ### How does a yearly schedule handle February 29? With the last-day option, February 29 becomes February 28 in common years and returns to February 29 in leap years. With skip selected, only leap years produce another occurrence for that anchored date. ### Does daylight-saving time change the results? No. This calculator works with calendar dates rather than local times. Daily and weekly steps use exact UTC calendar-day arithmetic, so a daylight-saving clock change cannot shift a result to the previous or next date. ### Does the start date count as the first occurrence? Yes. If you request 12 dates, the list contains the start date plus the next 11 valid occurrences. This matches the way many recurring schedule forms count their total occurrences. ## Related tools - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Calendar Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/calendar-generator/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Meeting Time Planner](https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Redact PDF Online - Permanently Black Out Content" description: "Redact PDF pages online by drawing permanent black boxes. Export a flattened copy locally in your browser with no file upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/redact-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Redact PDF Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I permanently redact a PDF online? A PDF redaction tool permanently hides sensitive text and images before you share a document. Add a PDF, draw black boxes over private areas, then export a flattened copy. Each page is rebuilt as an image, so the source text, links, form fields, comments, and metadata are not copied into the download. **This tool uses rasterized redaction, not a removable overlay.** It renders each source page, burns your black boxes into the pixels, and creates a new PDF from those page images. The result trades selectable text and links for a simpler file that does not contain the original PDF content streams. All preview and export work runs locally in your browser. Files can contain up to 100 pages and be up to 50 MB, subject to the memory available on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Add the PDF** - Choose a PDF from your device or drop it into the workspace. The file opens locally in your browser. 2. **Mark sensitive areas** - Move through the pages and drag a black box over every item you want to remove. Undo a box or clear all marks if needed. 3. **Apply the redactions** - Export the document. The tool rasterizes every page and burns each black box into the matching page image. 4. **Verify the copy** - Download the redacted PDF, inspect every page, and confirm that no sensitive area was missed before sharing it. ## Who it's for - **Legal and operations teams** can remove names, addresses, case numbers, and signatures from a document shared outside the organization. - **Finance staff** can black out account numbers, balances, tax identifiers, or transaction details before sending a statement. - **Recruiters and researchers** can anonymize resumes, interview notes, and participant records for review. - **Individuals** can cover personal details on bills, IDs, forms, or correspondence before sharing a copy. ## Expert note A black rectangle added as a PDF annotation can be deleted while leaving the text underneath intact. This tool instead rebuilds every page from rendered pixels, which removes the source content streams but also makes the output text non-selectable and may increase file size. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my PDF uploaded when I redact it? No. Your PDF is opened, previewed, rasterized, and rebuilt by code running in your browser. CanDoYa does not receive the file. The only copy created by the tool is the redacted PDF that your browser offers for download. ### Is this PDF redaction tool free? Yes. You can redact and download a PDF without payment, an account, or a watermark. Each file can be up to 50 MB and contain up to 100 pages. Very large pages may still be limited by the memory available to your browser. ### Does the tool permanently remove text under the black boxes? Yes, from the exported copy. The tool renders each source page to an image, draws the black boxes into that image, and builds a new PDF. It does not copy the original text or image objects into the result. Keep the original file separate. ### Will text still be searchable or selectable after redaction? No. Rasterizing the pages converts the visible document into page images, so ordinary text selection, search, links, form fields, and accessibility structure are not preserved. This is the tradeoff used here to avoid carrying the source content streams into the exported PDF. ### Does redaction remove PDF metadata and comments? The output is a newly created PDF containing page images rather than a modified copy of the source. Source metadata, comments, attachments, links, and form fields are not copied. The new file receives only basic creator information identifying the CanDoYa redaction tool. ### Can I undo a redaction after downloading? No. The exported black boxes are burned into the page images and cannot be moved or deleted to reveal the covered pixels. Keep your original PDF in a safe location, and use Undo on page or Clear all boxes before exporting if a mark is misplaced. ### What should I check before sharing a redacted PDF? Open the downloaded copy, inspect every page at high zoom, and confirm that each sensitive area is fully covered. Search for unexpected blank pages or clipped marks. For regulated disclosure or high-risk legal work, follow your organization's approved redaction and review procedure. ## Related tools - [PDF Metadata Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/edit-pdf-metadata/) - [Crop PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-pdf/) - [PDF Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark-to-pdf/) - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) - [PDF to Image](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Regex Tester - Test JavaScript Patterns" description: "Test JavaScript regular expressions online with live matches, capture groups and replacement previews. Your patterns and text stay in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/regex-tester/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Regex Tester Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a regex tester? A regex tester runs a regular expression against sample text and shows every match, its string position, capture groups and replacement result. This tester uses your browser's JavaScript RegExp engine, so you can check a pattern with the exact flags and replacement tokens used in front-end or Node.js code. The tester updates as you type. Enter the pattern without surrounding slashes, add any JavaScript flags, then paste realistic text. Matches and replacements are computed locally in your browser, so logs, source snippets and test data are not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the pattern** - Type the regular expression without leading or trailing slash characters. 2. **Set JavaScript flags** - Add flags such as g for all matches, i for case-insensitive matching or m for multiline anchors. 3. **Paste test text** - Review each live match, its start and end offsets, numbered captures and named captures. 4. **Try a replacement** - Enter replacement text with tokens such as $&, $1 or $, then copy the preview. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** checking form validation, parsing and search patterns before adding them to an application. - **Back-end JavaScript developers** debugging log, URL or identifier extraction with Node.js-compatible syntax. - **Data cleanup work** where capture groups and replacement tokens reshape repeated text safely. - **Regex learners** who need to see how flags, anchors and groups change the actual matches. ## Expert note JavaScript match offsets count UTF-16 code units, not user-perceived characters, so an emoji before a match can make its numeric index larger than the number of visible characters before it. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this regex tester free? Yes. The regex tester is free to use with no sign-up, account or usage limit. It runs immediately in a modern browser and includes live match details, capture groups and a replacement preview. ### Are my pattern and test text uploaded? No. The pattern, flags, test text and replacement are processed locally with the browser's JavaScript RegExp engine. The data you type into the tester is not sent to a server. ### How much text can I test? There is no fixed upload limit because nothing is uploaded. Browser memory and the complexity of your pattern are the practical limits. The match list displays the first 500 results to keep the page responsive, while the replacement preview still processes the full text. ### Which regex flavor does this tester use? It uses JavaScript regular expression syntax through the native RegExp engine. Patterns written for PCRE, Python, Java or .NET can behave differently because those engines support different features and escape rules. ### What does the g flag change? The g flag makes JavaScript continue after the first match and find every later match. Without g, the tester reports only the first match and the replacement preview replaces only that occurrence. ### Can I test numbered and named capture groups? Yes. Numbered groups appear as $1, $2 and so on, while groups written as (?...) also appear by name. Unmatched optional groups are labeled clearly, and both group styles can be used in the replacement expression. ### Why does a valid pattern show no matches? A valid pattern can still fail to match the current text. Check letter case, whitespace, anchors and flags first. The m flag changes how ^ and $ treat line boundaries, while the s flag lets a dot match line-break characters. ## Related tools - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Cron Expression Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Remove All Spaces from Text Online for Free" description: "Remove all spaces from text online, including tabs and Unicode spacing. Preserve line breaks or strip every whitespace character. Fast and private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/remove-all-spaces/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Remove All Spaces from Text Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I remove all spaces from text? Paste your text into the remove all spaces tool and every horizontal space disappears instantly. The default mode removes regular spaces, tabs and Unicode space separators while keeping each line in place. Switch to All whitespace when you also want to remove line breaks and create one continuous string. Space-free text is useful for compact identifiers, reference numbers, copied codes and exact string comparisons. The live two-panel layout keeps the source visible while showing the transformed result, so you can verify that punctuation, letters, numbers and emoji remain unchanged. **Spaces and tabs** is the safer default because it preserves the original line structure. **All whitespace** also removes carriage returns, line feeds and Unicode line separators. Both modes run locally in your browser, with no upload or account. ## How to use it 1. **Paste or type your text** - Enter any text containing regular spaces, tabs, non-breaking spaces or line breaks in the input panel. 2. **Choose what to remove** - Use Spaces and tabs to keep lines, or select All whitespace to join the complete result into a continuous string. 3. **Check the live counts** - Review the output and the exact number of spacing characters removed before using the result. 4. **Copy the result** - Select Copy when the output looks right, or Clear to start again with different text. ## Who it's for - **Developers and testers** compacting sample strings or comparing values without spacing differences. - **Operations teams** cleaning order codes, tracking references and customer identifiers copied from formatted documents. - **Spreadsheet users** removing hidden tabs or non-breaking spaces before pasting a value into another system. - **Writers and researchers** inspecting how line-preserving and fully compact whitespace removal affect multilingual text. ## Expert note Unicode contains many visible-width space separators, including non-breaking, thin and ideographic spaces. The default mode removes the full Unicode Zs category plus tabs, but deliberately preserves line-break characters so records do not silently merge. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Space removal happens with client-side JavaScript in your browser. The text you paste is not sent to a server, which makes the tool suitable for internal notes, reference codes and other content you prefer to keep on your own device. ### Is the remove all spaces tool free? Yes. You can remove spaces from text without signing up, installing software or paying for a plan. There is no fixed usage limit, and both the line-preserving and all-whitespace modes are available directly in the browser. ### How much text can I process at once? The tool has no fixed character limit. Normal documents and large pasted blocks process immediately because the operation is local and lightweight. The practical limit depends on your browser memory and how much text is comfortable to review in a text area. ### Does it remove line breaks? Not in the default Spaces and tabs mode. That mode removes horizontal spacing while preserving the number and position of lines. Choose All whitespace when you want to delete line breaks too and join the entire input into one continuous result. ### Does it remove tabs and non-breaking spaces? Yes. The default mode removes tab characters and Unicode space separators, including non-breaking, thin and ideographic spaces. These characters can look like ordinary gaps after text is copied from a PDF, website, spreadsheet or word processor. ### Will letters, punctuation or emoji change? No. Only characters that match the selected spacing rule are removed. Letters in any script, numbers, punctuation, accents, combining marks and emoji are preserved in their original order, so the operation works with multilingual text as well as English. ### What is the difference between spaces and whitespace? A space is one kind of whitespace. Whitespace also includes tabs, carriage returns, line feeds and several Unicode separators. Spaces and tabs mode keeps line breaks; All whitespace removes every character classified by Unicode as whitespace. ### How is this different from removing extra spaces? Removing extra spaces keeps one separator between words so prose stays readable. Removing all spaces deletes every matching separator, which joins words and values together. Use the extra-space cleaner for normal writing and this tool for compact strings or identifiers. ## Related tools - [Remove Extra Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-extra-spaces/) - [Trim Whitespace](https://candoya.com/tools/trim-whitespace/) - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Whitespace Visualizer](https://candoya.com/tools/whitespace-visualizer/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Remove Duplicate Lines - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online duplicate line remover. Paste a list, delete repeated lines instantly and keep the original order. No sign-up - text stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Remove Duplicate Lines Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I remove duplicate lines from text? Paste your text into the box above and every repeated line disappears instantly - the first occurrence of each line is kept, in its original order. Turn on Ignore case or Trim whitespace to catch near-duplicates like "Apple" vs "apple", then copy the cleaned list. Nothing is uploaded; deduplication runs entirely in your browser. The tool dedupes **as you type** and never modifies your input box, so you can toggle options and compare results without losing the original. By default two lines must match exactly, character for character. **Ignore case** treats `Berlin` and `berlin` as the same line; **Trim whitespace** ignores leading and trailing spaces or tabs, which catches the invisible duplicates that spreadsheets and log files love to produce. Blank lines are treated as structure, not data - they are never collapsed into each other unless you switch on **Remove empty lines**. Because everything runs client-side, it is safe for email lists, customer exports and unpublished keyword research. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your lines** - Type or paste any multi-line text into the left box - one item per line. Windows, Mac and Unix line endings all work. 2. **Pick how lines are compared** - By default lines must match exactly. Toggle Ignore case to treat "Apple" and "apple" as duplicates, Trim whitespace to ignore leading and trailing spaces, or Remove empty lines to drop blanks. 3. **Copy the cleaned list** - The deduplicated text appears live on the right, and the status bar shows how many duplicates were removed. Press Copy to put the result on your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **SEO and marketing teams** deduplicating keyword lists, backlink URLs or email addresses exported from several overlapping reports. - **Developers and sysadmins** cleaning log output, environment lists or `.gitignore`-style files without reaching for `sort -u` (which would also reorder everything). - **Data analysts** collapsing a pasted spreadsheet column to its distinct values before a lookup or a pivot. - **Writers and researchers** merging reading lists, reference lists or brainstorm dumps from multiple documents into one clean list. ## Expert note Unlike the classic Unix `sort -u` trick, this tool keeps your lines in their **original order** - the first occurrence of each line stays where it was, and later repeats are dropped. That matters for ordered data like CSV rows, playlists or config files, where alphabetizing would destroy meaning. The options only change how lines are *matched*, never how they are printed: with Trim whitespace on, " bananas" and "bananas" count as one line, but the kept line is printed exactly as you pasted it. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Deduplication runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript - your lines never reach a server. That makes it safe for email lists, customer data, credentials files and anything else you would not paste into a random website form. ### Is this duplicate line remover free? Yes - completely free, with no sign-up, no download and no usage limits. It is a static page, so it also loads fast and keeps working on a flaky connection once open. ### Is there a limit on how many lines I can paste? No hard limit. Deduplication uses a hash set, so even lists with hundreds of thousands of lines process in well under a second on a typical laptop. The practical ceiling is your browser's memory, not the tool. ### Which duplicate is kept - the first or the last? The first. The tool scans top to bottom, keeps the first occurrence of each line in place and removes every later repeat, so the surviving order is exactly the order you pasted. ### Does it remove duplicate lines without sorting them? Yes - and that is the point. Command-line tricks like sort -u dedupe by sorting first, which scrambles ordered data. This tool preserves your original line order and only deletes the repeats. ### How are empty lines handled? Blank lines are treated as structure rather than data, so two empty lines are never merged into one. If you want a compact list with no blanks at all, switch on Remove empty lines and every empty or whitespace-only line is dropped. ### Can it catch duplicates that differ only by spaces or capitalization? Yes. Turn on Trim whitespace to ignore leading and trailing spaces and tabs, and Ignore case to match regardless of capitalization. With both on, " Apple" and "apple" count as the same line; the version kept is printed exactly as you pasted it. ### Does it work with Windows (CRLF) line endings? Yes. Windows (\r\n), Unix (\n) and old Mac (\r) line endings are all recognized when splitting, and the cleaned output uses standard Unix newlines, which every editor and spreadsheet accepts on paste. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Remove Extra Spaces Online - Clean Text" description: "Remove extra spaces from text instantly. Clean double spaces, tabs and uneven line edges while keeping paragraphs. Free and browser-based." url: https://candoya.com/tools/remove-extra-spaces/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Remove Extra Spaces Online Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I remove extra spaces from text? Paste your text into the remove extra spaces tool and duplicate spaces collapse instantly. It also normalizes tabs and non-breaking spaces while preserving line breaks and paragraphs. You can trim line edges or remove blank lines, then copy the clean result. Everything runs locally in your browser. Extra spacing often appears after copying text from a PDF, document, email, spreadsheet or web page. The tool turns runs of ordinary spaces, tabs and Unicode spacing characters into one normal space. It works line by line, so a paragraph stays a paragraph instead of becoming one long block. Leave **Trim line edges** on to remove invisible padding at the start and end of each line. Turn on **Remove blank lines** only when you want a compact list or data column. The original text remains in the input panel so you can compare it with the live output before copying. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Enter text with double spaces, tabs, non-breaking spaces or uneven padding in the input panel. 2. **Choose the cleanup** - Keep Trim line edges enabled for normal prose. Turn on Remove blank lines only if empty rows are unwanted. 3. **Review the live result** - Compare the cleaned output with the source and check how many spaces were removed. 4. **Copy the clean text** - Use Copy when the spacing looks right, or Clear to start again with another block. ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** cleaning double spaces from drafts, articles, transcripts and email copy. - **Students and researchers** fixing uneven spacing in notes or text copied from PDF files. - **Developers and data teams** normalizing pasted labels, form values and plain-text records before reuse. - **Content and support teams** preparing clean text for CMS fields, help articles, prompts and customer replies. ## Expert note A non-breaking space can look identical to a normal space but behaves differently in search, wrapping and exact-match comparisons. This tool normalizes Unicode spacing characters to U+0020 while leaving letters, punctuation and line breaks intact. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The spacing cleanup runs entirely in your browser with client-side JavaScript. Your text is not sent to a server, so you can use it for drafts, internal notes, customer messages and other text you would rather keep on your device. ### Is the remove extra spaces tool free? Yes. The tool is free to use with no sign-up, download or fixed usage limit. Paste or type your text, adjust the two cleanup options and copy the live result when it looks right. ### How much text can I clean at once? There is no fixed character limit. The cleanup is a small local text operation, so normal documents process instantly. Extremely large text is limited only by your browser memory and how much content is practical to edit in one text box. ### Does it remove all spaces from text? No. It keeps one normal space between words and removes only repeated or unwanted spacing. If you need to join every word with no spaces at all, that is a different operation from cleaning extra spaces. ### Does it remove tabs and non-breaking spaces? Yes. Tabs, non-breaking spaces and other horizontal Unicode spacing characters are converted to normal spaces, then repeated runs are collapsed. This helps clean text copied from web pages, PDFs, spreadsheets and word processors. ### Will it remove my paragraphs or line breaks? Not by default. The tool cleans each line separately and preserves the existing line breaks, including blank lines between paragraphs. Turn on Remove blank lines only when you deliberately want to delete empty rows. ### Can I remove leading and trailing spaces from every line? Yes. Leave Trim line edges enabled to remove spacing before the first visible character and after the last visible character on each line. Disable it if indentation at a line edge is intentional. ### Does removing extra spaces change words or punctuation? No. The tool only changes horizontal whitespace. Letters, numbers, punctuation, emoji and non-Latin scripts remain unchanged, making the result suitable for multilingual text as well as English copy. ## Related tools - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Find and Replace](https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Remove Line Breaks - Free Online Tool" description: "Free line break remover for text, PDF copy and email wraps. Join lines, keep paragraphs or make one line. Private and browser-based." url: https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Remove Line Breaks Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I remove line breaks from text? Paste your wrapped text into the line break remover and it joins broken lines instantly. Keep paragraph breaks for readable prose, switch to single-line mode for compact data, choose the separator and copy the cleaned result. Everything runs in your browser, so private drafts and pasted PDF text are not uploaded. Line breaks are useful when they mark a real paragraph, but they become noise when text is copied from a PDF, email, terminal, chat export or old CMS field. This tool fixes that by treating a blank line as a paragraph boundary and joining the hard-wrapped lines inside each paragraph. Use **Keep paragraphs** for prose, notes and email copy. Use **Single line** when you need one compact value for a spreadsheet cell, prompt, meta description or database field. The separator control handles the common variants: join with a normal space, join with nothing for codes, or enter a custom separator such as a comma or slash. The clean-spaces option trims each line and collapses repeated spaces so PDF copy turns into natural text instead of leaving odd gaps. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the wrapped text** - Put any text with unwanted line breaks into the input box. Windows, Mac and Unix line endings all work. 2. **Choose the join mode** - Keep paragraphs to join only the broken lines inside each paragraph, or switch to Single line to remove every line break. 3. **Pick a separator** - Join with a space, with nothing, or with your own custom separator. Leave Clean extra spaces on for PDF and email copy. 4. **Copy the cleaned result** - The output updates live, with counts for removed breaks, paragraphs and output characters. Press Copy when it looks right. ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** cleaning hard-wrapped drafts, PDF excerpts or copied email text before rewriting. - **Marketers and SEO teams** turning broken meta descriptions, ad copy or keyword notes into clean single-line text. - **Developers and operators** joining copied logs, IDs, prompts or config snippets with a custom separator. - **Students and researchers** fixing article quotes and reading notes without retyping every line by hand. ## Expert note The safest default is to preserve paragraph breaks, not flatten everything. A blank line often carries meaning in prose, email and research notes, while single line breaks inside the block are usually just soft wraps from the source program. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The line break remover runs entirely in your browser with client-side JavaScript. Your pasted text is not sent to a server, so it is safe for private drafts, customer notes, internal prompts and copied documents. ### Is this line break remover free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. Open the page, paste your text and copy the cleaned version when the live output looks right. ### How many line breaks can it remove? There is no fixed line limit. The logic is a simple text pass, so large pasted blocks process quickly on modern browsers. The practical limit is your browser memory and how much text is comfortable to edit in one textarea. ### What is the difference between Keep paragraphs and Single line? Keep paragraphs joins hard wraps inside each paragraph but leaves blank-line paragraph breaks in place. Single line removes every line break and returns one continuous line, which is better for spreadsheet cells, prompts, IDs and compact snippets. ### Can I remove line breaks without adding spaces? Yes. Set Join with to Nothing and the tool concatenates the lines directly. That is useful for wrapped codes, hashes or IDs where spaces would change the value. ### Can I replace line breaks with commas or another separator? Yes. Choose Custom and type the separator you want, such as a comma, slash, pipe or phrase. The output updates live, so you can test the separator before copying. ### Does it clean spaces from copied PDF text? Yes. Leave Clean extra spaces enabled to trim each joined line and collapse repeated spaces or tabs. That removes most odd spacing left by PDF copy, email hard wraps and pasted columns. ### Does it work with Windows CRLF line endings? Yes. Windows CRLF, Unix LF and old Mac CR line endings are normalized before joining, so text copied from different systems behaves the same in the output. ## Related tools - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Paragraph Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/paragraph-counter/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Remove Line Numbers from Text Online" description: "Remove line numbers from text online in real time. Clean numbered lists, code and transcripts while preserving line breaks and indentation." url: https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-numbers/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Remove Line Numbers from Text Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I remove line numbers from text? Paste numbered text and this line number remover strips common numeric prefixes from each line instantly. It recognizes styles such as 1., 1), [1], (1), 1: and tab-separated gutters while leaving the remaining text intact. Your line endings and optional indentation stay in place, and nothing is uploaded. Line numbers often come along when you copy code from a PDF, a transcript from a review system or a numbered outline from a document. The live side-by-side view shows exactly which prefixes were removed before you copy the cleaned text. The default matcher requires punctuation, brackets or a tab after each number. This protects sentences that genuinely begin with a year or quantity. Enable **Also match number + space** only for plain lists such as `1 First item`, and review any lines that intentionally start with digits. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the numbered text** - Enter your list, code sample, transcript or other multiline text in the left panel. 2. **Choose how strictly to match** - Keep the cautious default for punctuated numbers, or include plain number-and-space prefixes when your source uses them. 3. **Review the live result** - Compare the clean output with the original and use the cleaned count to confirm how many lines changed. 4. **Copy the clean text** - Select Copy to place the result on your clipboard while preserving its original line endings. ## Who it's for - **Developers** cleaning code snippets copied with visible editor or PDF line numbers. - **Editors and researchers** turning numbered transcripts, notes and source extracts back into plain text. - **Operations teams** removing stale numbering before sorting, merging or renumbering a checklist. - **Writers and students** converting numbered outlines into editable paragraphs without changing line order. ## Expert note A leading number is not always a line number: keeping plain number-and-space matching off prevents a sentence such as '2026 goals stay numbered' from being altered unless you deliberately choose the broader rule. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded when I remove line numbers? No. The remover runs locally with JavaScript in your browser. Your lists, code, transcripts and documents are not sent to CanDoYa for processing or storage. The page works without an account, and the original input remains visible so you can compare it with the result. ### Is the remove line numbers tool free? Yes. You can remove line numbers from text for free, with no sign-up or download. The transformation runs instantly in the browser and does not depend on a paid API. Browser memory is the practical limit for very large pasted documents. ### How much text can I clean at once? There is no fixed line or character limit in the tool. Normal lists, code samples and long transcripts process immediately. Extremely large pastes are limited only by the memory available to your browser, so splitting a very large file into sections may feel more responsive. ### Which line number formats can it remove? The default matcher handles numbers followed by periods, closing parentheses, colons, hyphens, pipes or tabs, plus bracketed forms such as [12] and (12). Leading zeros and non-Latin decimal digits also work. Turn on the broader option for a number followed only by a space. ### Will it remove years or numbers that belong to the text? Not with the cautious default when the number is followed only by a space. A line such as '2026 goals' remains unchanged. If you enable plain number-and-space matching, that line can be treated as numbered content, so review the side-by-side result before copying. ### Does it preserve indentation and line endings? Yes. Keep leading indentation is enabled by default, so spaces or tabs before a detected number remain before the cleaned content. The tool also preserves Windows, Unix, classic Mac and Unicode line separators rather than converting the whole paste to a different newline style. ### Can it remove line numbers from code? Yes. Paste the code as plain text and the tool removes supported prefixes at the start of each line without interpreting the programming language. It keeps code indentation by default. If a numeric literal belongs at the beginning of a source line, compare the output before copying. ## Related tools - [Add Line Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-line-numbers/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Rent vs Buy Calculator - Compare Total Cost" description: "Use this free rent vs buy calculator to compare home equity, rent, mortgage costs, maintenance, appreciation and invested savings over time." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rent-vs-buy/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Rent vs Buy Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## Is it better to rent or buy a home? A rent vs buy calculator compares the wealth you could build through home equity with the money a renter could invest instead. This calculator models mortgage amortization, rising rent, property costs, home appreciation, transaction costs and investment returns to estimate which path is ahead over the time you expect to stay. The comparison runs **entirely in your browser**. Start with the home price, rent, mortgage and timeline, then open the assumptions to match local taxes, insurance, maintenance, transaction costs and expected growth. The result is a planning scenario, not a forecast or financial recommendation. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the purchase details** - Add the home price, down payment, mortgage rate and loan term for the property you are considering. 2. **Enter rent and your timeline** - Use the monthly rent for a comparable home and the number of years you realistically expect to stay. 3. **Tune the assumptions** - Open the assumptions and add local taxes, insurance, maintenance, HOA, transaction costs and growth rates. 4. **Compare ending wealth** - Review each path's ending wealth, the estimated advantage and whether buying reaches a break-even point within your timeline. ## Who it's for - **First-time buyers** testing whether a short stay gives buying enough time to recover closing and selling costs. - **Current renters** comparing a larger down payment with keeping that cash invested. - **Relocating households** exploring how different stay lengths change the break-even point. - **Home shoppers** adjusting property tax, insurance, HOA and maintenance for a specific listing. - **Budget planners** stress-testing lower appreciation, faster rent growth or different investment returns. ## Expert note The down payment is not treated as a lost cost: it becomes home equity for the buyer, while the renter invests the same avoided upfront cash. Each month, the lower-cost path also invests the difference. That equal-budget approach prevents the mortgage principal from being counted as both a cost and an asset. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this rent vs buy calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, needs no account and has no usage limit. It runs with client-side JavaScript, so you can adjust the assumptions repeatedly without sending your financial inputs to a calculation server. ### Are my home price and rent figures uploaded? No. The comparison is calculated locally in your browser. The values you enter are not uploaded by the tool or saved to an account. You can clear the form when you finish. ### What costs does the calculator include? It includes the down payment, mortgage principal and interest, property tax, home insurance, maintenance, HOA, buying costs and selling costs. The renting side includes rent, renter insurance, the invested upfront cash and the invested difference when renting costs less in a month. ### How does the rent vs buy break-even point work? The break-even point is the first month when the buyer's net home equity and invested monthly savings equal or exceed the renter's investment portfolio. A result can briefly cross and later reverse when assumptions are unusual, so also compare the ending values at your actual stay length. ### Does the calculator include tax deductions or PMI? No. It does not model mortgage-interest deductions, property-tax deductions, capital-gains tax, PMI, utilities or local assessment limits. Tax treatment depends on location and personal circumstances, so add those effects separately if they are material to your decision. ### What should I use for maintenance and home appreciation? Use assumptions that fit the property's age, condition and local market. A maintenance estimate around 1% of home value is a common planning starting point, but actual repairs can be uneven. Test a conservative appreciation rate and at least one scenario with no appreciation. ### Why can renting win even when rent is lower than the mortgage? Renting can invest the down payment and purchase costs that buying requires upfront. It can also invest monthly savings when rent is below the full ownership cost. Whether that portfolio outweighs home equity depends on the stay length, appreciation, transaction costs and assumed investment return. ### Can this calculator tell me what I should do? No. It compares financial assumptions, but housing decisions also involve stability, flexibility, repair risk, financing approval and lifestyle preferences. Treat the output as a scenario to discuss with qualified local professionals, not as personalized financial advice. ## Related tools - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Mortgage Overpayment Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-overpayment/) - [Home Affordability Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reorder PDF Pages - Free Private Organizer" description: "Reorder PDF pages online with clear thumbnails, drag controls, and keyboard buttons. Save a private, full-quality PDF locally with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Reorder PDF Pages Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I reorder pages in a PDF? Add a PDF, then drag its page thumbnails into the order you want or use the accessible move buttons. Save and download a new PDF when the sequence is correct. The tool works inside your browser and moves original PDF pages without converting them into screenshots. Use this PDF page organizer to **fix reports assembled in the wrong order, rearrange scanned packets, or move an appendix**. Every page appears as a numbered thumbnail. Reverse the whole document in one click, reset an experiment, or adjust pages one at a time. Your source file never leaves your device. The tool accepts one unencrypted PDF up to 100 MB and 300 pages. That page cap keeps thumbnail rendering and memory use practical on phones and laptops. It creates a separate download, so the original file on your device is not changed. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the tool or click to choose it. The browser reads the file and renders a numbered thumbnail for each page. 2. **Arrange the pages** - Drag thumbnails into place, use the earlier and later buttons, or focus a page and press Alt with an arrow key. Reverse and Reset order handle larger changes. 3. **Save the new sequence** - Click Save reordered PDF, review the result name and page count, then download the new file to your device. ## Who it's for - **Office teams** putting title pages, summaries, and appendices into the right sequence before sharing a report. - **Students and researchers** correcting chapters or scanned notes that were combined out of order. - **Administrators** arranging application packets, invoices, or forms while keeping sensitive files local. - **Print workflows** reversing a document or moving cover pages before producing a final copy. ## Expert note Reordering changes the PDF page tree rather than painting each page onto a bitmap. Text remains selectable, vectors remain sharp, and embedded images keep their source resolution. Saving any edited PDF can invalidate certificate-based digital signatures, so signed documents should be verified again after reordering. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. Your browser reads the PDF, renders its thumbnails, changes the page sequence, and creates the download locally. CanDoYa does not receive the document. Once the page and PDF code are loaded, the file operation itself does not need an upload connection. ### Is this PDF page reorder tool free? Yes. You can arrange and download a PDF without an account, payment, watermark, or daily credit. The work uses your device instead of a file-processing server. The practical speed depends on the PDF and the memory available in your browser. ### What are the file size and page limits? You can open one PDF up to 100 MB and 300 pages. Each page needs a local thumbnail, so the page cap prevents excessive browser memory use. Split a larger document into smaller PDFs, reorder each part, and merge them afterward if needed. ### Does reordering PDF pages reduce quality? No rasterization is used for the saved document. The thumbnails are only visual controls. The output reuses the original PDF page objects, which keeps selectable text, vector artwork, page dimensions, and embedded image resolution. File size may change because the PDF is serialized again. ### Can I reorder PDF pages without drag and drop? Yes. Every thumbnail has Move earlier and Move later buttons that work with touch, mouse, and keyboard. You can also focus a page card and press Alt plus an arrow key. Reverse changes the full sequence, while Reset order restores the original arrangement. ### Why is my encrypted or password-protected PDF rejected? This tool cannot safely edit an encrypted PDF without its password. If you are authorized, open the file in a PDF application, enter the password, and save an unlocked copy. Add that copy here. Damaged files are also rejected instead of producing an unreliable download. ### Will bookmarks, forms, or digital signatures still work? The tool keeps original page objects and document-level data where the PDF library supports them, but complex forms and bookmarks should be checked after saving. Any document edit can invalidate a certificate-based digital signature. Reorder an unsigned working copy when signature validity matters. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/) - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Resize PDF Pages to A4, Letter or Custom Size" description: "Resize PDF pages to A4, Letter, Legal or custom dimensions. Fit, fill or stretch every page privately in your browser with no file upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/resize-pdf-pages/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Resize PDF Pages Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## What does resizing PDF pages do? Resizing PDF pages changes the physical sheet dimensions of every page and places the original content inside the new format. You can make mixed pages consistently A4, US Letter, Legal or a custom size, then fit the content without distortion, fill the sheet, or stretch it to each edge. **The conversion happens inside your browser.** Your PDF is not uploaded, and text and vector artwork stay sharp because pages are placed as PDF content instead of screenshots. Page size is different from file size. This tool changes the printable canvas and content scale; it does not compress images or reflow paragraphs like a word processor. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a PDF** - Drop in a PDF, select it from your device, or load the built-in mixed-size example. 2. **Set the new size** - Choose A3, A4, A5, Letter, Legal, Tabloid or enter custom dimensions in millimetres or inches. 3. **Choose how content fits** - Use Fit to show the whole page, Fill to cover the new sheet, or Stretch to use every edge. 4. **Resize and download** - Review the live layout, resize all pages locally, then download the new PDF. ## Who it's for - **Print preparation:** convert a Letter document to A4, or A4 to Letter, before sending it to a printer. - **Mixed PDF cleanup:** normalize scans, slides and inserted pages into one consistent sheet size. - **Submission requirements:** match a court, school or office page specification with exact custom dimensions. - **Large-format handouts:** move content to A3 or Tabloid while keeping text and vector graphics crisp. ## Expert note Fit uses one scale factor for both axes and centers the result, so circles remain circles; Fill also preserves proportions but clips equally from opposite edges when source and target aspect ratios differ. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded? No. The browser opens, resizes and saves the PDF on your device. The file is not sent to CanDoYa or a conversion server, which makes the tool suitable for documents you do not want to upload. ### Is the PDF page resizer free? Yes. You can resize PDF pages without payment, an account or a watermark. The current limit is 100 MB and 500 pages per document so the browser can process the file reliably. ### Can I resize PDF pages to the same size? Yes. Pick one target such as A4 or US Letter and every output page gets that format. This is useful for PDFs assembled from scans or files with different page dimensions. Choose Match each source page only if you want portrait and landscape orientations to remain mixed. ### What is the difference between Fit, Fill and Stretch? Fit keeps all content visible and may add blank space. Fill keeps the original proportions but crops content at opposite edges. Stretch uses the full target page without cropping, but different horizontal and vertical scale factors can make text and graphics look distorted. ### Does resizing a PDF reduce its file size? Not necessarily. Resizing changes page dimensions and how content is placed, not the resolution of embedded images. The output may be slightly larger or smaller because its PDF structure is rebuilt, but use a PDF compressor when reducing bytes is the main goal. ### Will links and form fields still work after resizing? Do not rely on interactive annotations surviving. The tool places each source page as reusable PDF content so text and vectors remain sharp, but links, comments, form fields and similar annotations may not carry into the resized copy. Flatten or review interactive documents first. ## Related tools - [PDF Page Size Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-page-size-detector/) - [Crop PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [N-up PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/n-up-pdf/) - [Reorder PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/reorder-pdf-pages/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Retirement Calculator - Plan Your Savings" description: "Retirement calculator to project your savings, income target and monthly contribution. Include inflation and expected return with no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/retirement-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Retirement Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How much do I need to save for retirement? A retirement calculator projects how current savings and monthly contributions may grow by your retirement age, then compares that balance with an income-based target. This calculator includes expected investment return, inflation and an adjustable withdrawal rate, so you can test how saving more, retiring later or changing assumptions affects your plan. The calculation runs **entirely in your browser**. Your ages, savings and income goal are not uploaded or stored. The result is a planning estimate rather than a promise: investment returns vary, inflation changes, and taxes, fees, pensions and government benefits are not included. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your ages and current savings** - Add your current age, intended retirement age and the amount already set aside for retirement. 2. **Set contributions and desired income** - Enter the fixed amount you plan to add each month and the monthly retirement income you want in today's money. 3. **Review the planning assumptions** - Adjust expected annual return, inflation and withdrawal rate. The projection updates instantly so you can compare cautious and optimistic cases. 4. **Read the gap and savings pace** - Compare projected savings with the inflation-adjusted target, then use the required and additional monthly figures to refine your plan. ## Who it's for - **People starting a retirement plan** who want to turn a future monthly income goal into a savings target. - **Mid-career savers** checking whether their current balance and monthly deposits are on pace. - **Early-retirement planners** comparing how a different retirement age changes the contribution required. - **Households reviewing assumptions** testing lower returns, higher inflation or a more cautious withdrawal rate. - **Savers preparing for an adviser meeting** who need a clear baseline before adding taxes, pensions and other income. ## Expert note The target is calculated from your desired annual income divided by the withdrawal rate, then increased for inflation until retirement. Contributions are treated as fixed nominal deposits made at each month end, so raising them over time would produce a higher balance than shown. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this retirement calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free with no account, sign-up or usage limit. You can change every input as often as needed to compare retirement ages, contribution amounts and assumptions. It uses plain JavaScript in your browser and does not require a financial service connection. ### Are my retirement figures uploaded or stored? No. Every projection runs locally in your browser. The ages, balances, contribution and income goal you enter are not sent to a server or saved by this tool. Once the page has loaded, the calculator can continue working without a network connection. ### How does the retirement calculator work? It compounds current savings and fixed end-of-month contributions to your retirement age using the annual return entered. It inflates your desired monthly income to retirement, divides the annual amount by the withdrawal rate, and compares that target with the projected balance to show a surplus or shortfall. ### What rate of return should I use for retirement planning? Use a long-term estimate that fits your investment mix, fees and risk level rather than a recent best year. Because returns are uncertain and uneven, compare several scenarios. A lower return gives a more cautious projection and makes the effect of relying on optimistic growth easier to see. ### Does the calculator account for inflation? Yes. Your desired monthly retirement income is entered in today's money. The calculator raises the resulting savings target by the inflation rate for every year until retirement. It also translates the projected balance back into today's purchasing power for an easier comparison. ### What does the withdrawal rate mean? The withdrawal rate is the percentage of retirement savings assumed available as income during the first retirement year. The default 4% is only a planning assumption, not a guarantee. Taxes, investment mix, retirement length, market timing and spending changes can all affect a sustainable rate. ### Does this include Social Security, pensions, taxes or fees? No. The calculator focuses on savings you control and the income those savings may support. It does not model country-specific benefits, pensions, employer matches, taxes or investment fees. Reduce the desired income by reliable outside income or use more conservative return assumptions where appropriate. ### Why can the required monthly contribution differ from my current contribution? The required amount is the fixed monthly deposit that would reach the inflation-adjusted target under the selected return. If it exceeds your current contribution, the difference appears as additional monthly savings. Changing retirement age, income goal, inflation, return or withdrawal rate will change that amount. ## Related tools - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Home Affordability Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reverse Audio Online - Play It Backwards" description: "Reverse audio online, preview it backwards, and download a WAV privately. Works with MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, and more without uploading." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-audio/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Reverse Audio Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How does a reverse audio tool work? A reverse audio tool decodes a recording, flips its samples from end to beginning, and rebuilds the result so it plays backwards. Choose an MP3, WAV, M4A, or other common audio file here, preview the reversal, and download a WAV without uploading your recording. This audio reverser runs FFmpeg inside your browser. Its `areverse` filter buffers the decoded audio stream, reverses the order of every sample, and writes an uncompressed 16-bit WAV. The original file stays unchanged. Reversal changes time direction, not playback speed. A three-minute track remains three minutes long. Because the new file is WAV, a compressed MP3 or M4A source can produce a much larger download. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the audio** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, AAC, or another common audio file into the tool. 2. **Preview the original** - Listen to the source and confirm that you selected the right recording. 3. **Reverse it locally** - Select Reverse audio. The browser decodes the track, reverses every sample, and creates a WAV. 4. **Listen and download** - Preview the backwards result, then download the reversed WAV to your device. ## Who it's for - **Music producers** can turn cymbals, vocals, and instrument tails into swells, transitions, and unusual textures. - **Video editors** can create backwards dialogue or sound effects without opening a full audio workstation. - **Podcasters and researchers** can inspect a clip for deliberate backmasking or hear how speech behaves in reverse. - **Teachers and students** can use reversed speech and music in listening games, demonstrations, and creative assignments. ## Expert note Audio reversal is sample order reversal, not negative playback speed. Reversing each channel independently preserves stereo placement: a sound on the left stays on the left, but its envelope and timeline run backwards. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. The selected file, decoding, reversal, preview, and result remain in your browser tab. The first use downloads the FFmpeg engine code, but your recording is not sent with that request. Refreshing or closing the tab releases the temporary local file URLs. ### Is this audio reverser free? Yes. You can reverse audio and download the result without an account, subscription, watermark, or credit limit. The practical limits are the memory and processing speed available to your browser, especially for long compressed recordings that expand during decoding. ### What file size limits apply? The conservative cap adapts to the device: 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory hardware, 250 MB on typical desktops, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. Audio can occupy several times its stored size while decoded, and the uncompressed WAV result may also be large. ### Can I reverse an MP3 file? Yes. Choose an MP3 and the local engine will decode it, reverse the audio samples, and export a WAV. The result does not add another lossy MP3 encoding pass, but it cannot restore detail already removed when the source MP3 was created. ### Which audio formats are supported? The tool accepts common formats including MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, AIFF, WebM audio, AC3, and WMA. Built-in preview support varies by browser, while the local FFmpeg engine may still process a file the audio player cannot preview. ### Does reversing audio change its length or pitch? No. The result keeps the same duration and sample rate, so its overall pitch does not change. What changes is the direction of every event: attacks become fades, fades become attacks, and words or melodies unfold from their final sample to their first. ### Why is the reversed WAV larger than my source? WAV stores uncompressed pulse-code modulation audio, while MP3, AAC, and many M4A files use compression. The WAV therefore needs more bytes even though the duration is unchanged. The exact size depends on sample rate, bit depth, channel count, and track length. ### Can reversed audio reveal hidden messages? The tool will faithfully reverse the sample order, so it can expose intentionally backmasked material. Human hearing is also good at finding familiar patterns in ambiguous sounds, so apparent words in ordinary reversed speech are not proof that a message was deliberately added. ## Related tools - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Pitch Shifter](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-shifter/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reverse Each Word Online - Keep Word Order" description: "Reverse each word online while keeping word order, spaces and line breaks intact. Unicode-aware, free, instant and processed in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-each-word/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Reverse Each Word Online Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What does a reverse each word tool do? A reverse each word tool flips the letters inside every word but leaves the words in their original positions. For example, "Hello World" becomes "olleH dlroW." Spaces, tabs and line breaks stay exactly where you typed them, and the result updates instantly in your browser. This focused transformer changes spelling direction without rearranging the sentence. It reverses each whitespace-delimited token independently, so **word order and document layout remain fixed**. Punctuation attached to a token moves with the reversal: "Hello," becomes ",olleH". ## How to use it 1. **Enter your text** - Type or paste a word, sentence or multi-line text block into the input area. 2. **See every word reverse** - The letters inside each whitespace-delimited token reverse live while word positions stay unchanged. 3. **Check the layout** - Compare the two panels to confirm that spaces, tabs and line breaks remain in their original positions. 4. **Copy the result** - Select Copy to place the exact transformed text on your clipboard, or Clear to start again. ## Who it's for - **Puzzle makers** creating backwards-word clues while keeping a sentence's rhythm and order recognizable. - **Teachers and coding students** checking string-reversal exercises against a Unicode-aware reference result. - **Writers and creators** producing playful captions, secret notes or mirrored spelling prompts in seconds. - **QA engineers** making unusual text fixtures that preserve tabs, spacing and line boundaries. ## Expert note The algorithm uses Unicode grapheme clusters rather than UTF-16 code units. A family emoji, skin-tone modifier or decomposed accent moves as one visible character instead of breaking into corrupted pieces. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this reverse each word tool free? Yes. You can reverse each word for free without an account or download. There is no fixed word limit. The practical limit depends on your browser's memory and textarea performance, so ordinary notes, paragraphs and test fixtures process instantly. ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. The reversal runs locally with client-side JavaScript in your browser. Your text is not uploaded for processing, which makes the tool suitable for drafts, exercises and test data you do not want to send to a conversion service. ### What is the difference between reversing each word and reversing word order? Reversing each word changes letters but keeps word positions: "one two three" becomes "eno owt eerht." Reversing word order keeps spelling intact but changes positions: the same input becomes "three two one." These are separate transformations. ### Does the tool preserve multiple spaces and line breaks? Yes. Every run of whitespace is copied without change. Double spaces, tabs, Unix line feeds and Windows-style line endings remain in their original slots while only the non-whitespace tokens are reversed. ### How does it handle punctuation and apostrophes? Punctuation is treated as part of the surrounding whitespace-delimited token. That means "Hello!" becomes "!olleH" and "don't" becomes "t'nod." This rule is predictable and preserves all characters rather than removing punctuation. ### Does reverse each word work with emoji and accented text? Yes. Modern browsers segment text into visible Unicode grapheme clusters, keeping joined emoji and combining accents intact during reversal. The fallback still handles Unicode code points, though very old browsers may not keep every complex joined emoji together. ## Related tools - [Reverse Text](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-text/) - [Reverse Word Order](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-word-order/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reverse Text - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online text reversal tool to reverse characters, words, lines or word order instantly. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Text Reversal Tool Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a text reversal tool? A text reversal tool instantly flips text in multiple ways - reverse every character, reverse each word individually, reverse the order of words, or reverse the order of lines. Paste or type and the output updates live. Everything runs in your browser, so your text stays private on your device. Text reversal is useful for checking palindromes, creating mirror text for design mockups, reversing line order in logs or data, or just having fun with wordplay. This tool supports four reversal modes so you can choose exactly how to flip your text. The character reversal is grapheme-cluster aware, so emoji, accented letters and complex scripts stay intact instead of breaking apart. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your text** - Paste or type any text into the input box. Multi-line text and special characters all work. 2. **Choose a reversal mode** - Pick from reverse characters, reverse each word, reverse word order, or reverse line order. 3. **See the live output** - The reversed text updates instantly as you type or change the mode. Live character, word and line counts appear below. 4. **Copy the result** - Click Copy to save the reversed text to your clipboard, or Clear to start over. ## Who it's for - **Writers and designers** creating mirror text, palindrome checks or reversed text effects for creative projects. - **Developers and data analysts** reversing log lines, flipping data order or testing text processing logic. - **Students and puzzle enthusiasts** solving word games, checking palindromes or exploring text patterns. - **Content creators** generating unique text variations for social media, captions or visual experiments. ## Expert note Character reversal is grapheme-cluster aware using the Intl.Segmenter API, so emoji like 👨-👩-👧, combining marks like é, and zero-width joiners stay intact as single units instead of breaking into separate pieces. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this text reversal tool free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. Open the page, enter your text and copy the reversed version when it looks right. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The text reversal tool runs entirely in your browser with client-side JavaScript. Your text is not sent to a server, so it is safe for private notes, sensitive content and creative experiments. ### What is the difference between the reversal modes? Reverse characters flips every character in the text. Reverse each word flips characters within each word but keeps word positions. Reverse word order rearranges words in reverse sequence. Reverse line order flips the order of lines. ### Does it handle emoji and special characters? Yes. The tool uses grapheme-cluster awareness so emoji, accented letters, combining marks and complex scripts are treated as single units and do not break apart during reversal. ### Can I reverse very long text? Yes. There is no fixed text limit. The reversal is a simple text pass, so large blocks process instantly on modern browsers. The practical limit is your browser memory and textarea comfort. ### What counts as a word or line? Words are whitespace-separated tokens. Lines are separated by line breaks (newline characters). The live stats show exact counts for your input so you can verify before copying. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reverse Video Online - Private Video Reverser" description: "Reverse video online with optional backward audio, MP4 or WebM export, and no watermark. Your clip stays private and processes in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Reverse Video Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you reverse a video online? To reverse a video online, choose a clip, decide whether to reverse or remove its audio, and export a new MP4 or WebM. The last frame becomes the first and the full motion plays backward. Processing happens in your browser, so the source video is not uploaded. This video reverser decodes the selected clip, buffers its frames, writes them from last to first, and optionally reverses the first audio track to match. You can export H.264 MP4 for broad playback support or VP9 WebM, with high, balanced, or smaller-file quality settings. The browser downloads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you start an export. Because FFmpeg's reverse filters must hold the complete clip in memory, short or moderate videos work best. The conservative file limit is 50 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 150 MB on a typical desktop, and 300 MB on high-memory desktops. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the tool. 2. **Choose the audio mode** - Reverse the first audio track with the picture, or remove audio for a silent result. 3. **Set the export** - Choose MP4 or WebM and select high, balanced, or smaller-file video quality. 4. **Reverse and download** - Create the file locally, preview the backward playback, and download the watermark-free result. ## Who it's for - **Short-form creators** can make an action appear to undo itself for a reveal, transition, or visual joke. - **Product teams** can reverse an assembly or unboxing shot without sending unreleased footage to a server. - **Musicians and sound designers** can reverse the soundtrack with the picture for swells, speech effects, and experimental clips. - **Teachers and coaches** can replay a short motion backward to highlight sequence and direction. ## Expert note A reverse effect is more memory-intensive than an ordinary trim or mute operation. FFmpeg cannot stream the reverse filter frame by frame because it needs the ending before it can write the beginning. A short high-resolution clip can therefore demand more memory than a longer low-resolution clip with the same file size. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I reverse it? No. Your browser reads the selected file and a WebAssembly video engine creates the reversed result inside this tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but your source clip and completed output are not sent to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is this online video reverser free and watermark-free? Yes. You can reverse, preview, and download a video without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from the memory and processing speed available on your device rather than a paid server export tier. ### How large a video can I reverse in the browser? The conservative limit is 50 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 150 MB on a typical desktop, and 300 MB on high-memory desktops. File size is only a guide because decoded resolution, frame count, and duration determine how much memory the reverse filter needs. ### Can I reverse a video with sound? Yes. Choose Reverse video and audio to apply FFmpeg's reverse filter to the picture and its areverse filter to the first soundtrack. Both tracks keep the same duration, so backward sound stays synchronized. If the source has no readable audio track, the output remains silent. ### Can I reverse the video but remove its audio? Yes. Choose Remove audio before exporting. The tool reverses the picture and leaves every audio stream out of the new file. This option works well for visual transitions, reaction clips, and footage that will receive a different soundtrack later. ### Should I export the reversed video as MP4 or WebM? Choose MP4 for the broadest support in browsers, phones, social apps, and presentation software. Choose WebM when you prefer an open web format or plan to use the result on a website. Both formats re-encode the picture so the reverse motion is baked into the file. ### Why can reversing a long video use so much memory? A reverse filter must buffer the complete stream before it can output the last frame first. The browser also holds the source file, FFmpeg engine, decoded frames, and encoded result. Trim a long source first or use desktop editing software when the clip exceeds the device limit. ### Which video formats can the reverser open? It accepts common containers such as MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related video files, then exports MP4 or WebM. Browser preview support is narrower than FFmpeg support, so an uncommon professional codec may process even when the source preview is unavailable. ## Related tools - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Mute Video](https://candoya.com/tools/mute-video/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Reverse Word Order Online - Free Text Tool" description: "Reverse word order online while keeping every word readable, punctuation attached and spacing intact. Free, instant and processed in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-word-order/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Reverse Word Order Online Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What does a reverse word order tool do? A reverse word order tool moves the last word to the first position and continues backward while leaving each word readable. For example, "the quick brown fox" becomes "fox brown quick the." You can reverse one text block or process every line separately, with the result updating as you type. This focused word order reverser keeps punctuation attached to the word beside it and preserves the whitespace pattern you entered. Choose **Whole text** for a paragraph-wide reversal or **Each line** for lists, captions and structured text whose line order must stay fixed. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your text** - Type or paste a sentence, paragraph or multi-line block into the input area. 2. **Choose the scope** - Use Whole text to reverse every word as one sequence, or Each line to reverse words independently on every line. 3. **Check the live result** - The output updates immediately while keeping each word spelled normally and preserving your whitespace positions. 4. **Copy the reordered text** - Select Copy to place the exact result on your clipboard, or Clear to start again. ## Who it's for - **Language learners and teachers** making word-order drills or checking how sentence structure changes when token positions flip. - **Puzzle makers** turning familiar phrases into readable but rearranged clues without reversing the letters inside words. - **Developers and testers** creating deterministic token-order fixtures while keeping tabs, spaces and line endings in place. - **Writers** exploring rhythm, emphasis and unusual sentence arrangements without manually moving every word. ## Expert note The tool reverses non-whitespace tokens into the original whitespace slots. In "one two\tthree", the double space and tab remain in those exact positions while the three tokens trade places. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this reverse word order tool free? Yes. The tool is free to use, needs no account and has no fixed word limit. Paste or type your text, choose a scope and copy the result. Practical limits depend only on the memory and textarea performance of your browser. ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Word order reversal runs locally in your browser with client-side JavaScript. The text you enter is not uploaded for processing, so drafts, exercises and test data remain on your device while you use the tool. ### Does reversing word order also reverse the letters? No. Every word keeps its original spelling. Only the sequence changes: "I enjoy small puzzles" becomes "puzzles small enjoy I." Use the related Reverse Text tool when you need to flip characters or reverse the letters inside each word. ### Can I reverse the words on each line separately? Yes. Select Each line and every line is processed independently, while the lines themselves stay in the same order. This is useful for lists, subtitles, paired exercises and any structured text where words may move but line boundaries must not. ### What happens to punctuation and extra spaces? Punctuation stays attached to the token it was typed with, and each whitespace run stays in its original position. That means double spaces, tabs and line endings are preserved instead of being normalized to single spaces. ### Does it work with emoji and non-English text? Yes. The algorithm moves intact whitespace-separated tokens and does not inspect their letters, so accented words, emoji, CJK text and other scripts are preserved. Languages that do not normally use spaces may behave as one token unless spaces are present. ## Related tools - [Reverse Text](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-text/) - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/) - [Remove Extra Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-extra-spaces/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "RGB to CMYK Converter - Free Online Color Space Tool" description: "Convert RGB colors to CMYK instantly. Enter RGB values or pick a color, see live CMYK output with copyable values. No upload, no sign-up - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-cmyk/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free RGB to CMYK Converter Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is an RGB to CMYK converter? An RGB to CMYK converter transforms digital screen colors (RGB: 0-255 per channel) into print-ready CMYK percentages (0-100 per channel). Pick or enter an RGB color and instantly see its CMYK equivalent, then copy the result as a function or raw values. The conversion runs entirely in your browser. RGB and CMYK are two different color models. RGB (red, green, blue) is additive - it mixes light for screens and digital displays. CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, key/black) is subtractive - it describes ink mixtures for print. This tool calculates the mathematical conversion between them. **Your colors stay on your device** - nothing is uploaded. The conversion is instant and you can copy the result in multiple formats ready for design software or stylesheets. ## How to use it 1. **Enter or pick an RGB color** - Type RGB values as "255, 0, 0", use the color picker, or paste an existing RGB value. 2. **View the CMYK result** - The converter shows the equivalent CMYK percentages instantly, plus a live color preview. 3. **Copy the output** - Copy the CMYK function, comma-separated values, or switch to CMYK-to-RGB mode to reverse the conversion. ## Who it's for - **Graphic designers** preparing digital mockups for print production by converting screen colors to print specifications. - **Print professionals** checking how a web color will appear when printed, or validating color values from clients. - **Web developers** understanding the difference between screen and print color spaces when building design systems. - **Students and educators** learning about color theory and the technical differences between additive and subtractive color models. ## Expert note The RGB-to-CMYK conversion is a mathematical approximation based on the sRGB color space. Real print results depend on the printer's ICC profile, ink formulation and paper type - this tool shows the theoretical conversion, not the final printed appearance. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this RGB to CMYK converter free? Yes. The converter is free to use with no account, download or usage limit. Convert as many colors as you need. ### Is my color data uploaded? No. The RGB to CMYK conversion happens entirely in your browser using JavaScript. Your color values never leave your device. ### Why does my printed color look different from the screen? RGB and CMYK use different color ranges. RGB can display colors that CMYK cannot reproduce in print. This converter shows the mathematical equivalent, but the actual printed result depends on the printer, inks and paper. ### Can I convert CMYK back to RGB? Yes. Use the CMYK to RGB mode to reverse the conversion. Enter CMYK percentages and see the equivalent RGB values. ### What is the difference between RGB and CMYK? RGB is additive (light-based) for screens - it mixes red, green and blue light. CMYK is subtractive (ink-based) for print - it mixes cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink. They have different color ranges, so not all screen colors can be printed exactly. ### Do I need an ICC profile for accurate conversion? This tool shows the standard sRGB-to-CMYK conversion. For production print work, use your printer's ICC profile in design software like Adobe InDesign or Photoshop for the most accurate color match. ## Related tools - [RGB to HEX Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) - [Color Mixer](https://candoya.com/tools/color-mixer/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "RGB to HEX Converter - Instant Color Codes" description: "Convert RGB to HEX instantly with channel sliders, opacity support, a live color preview and one-click copy. Free and private in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rgb-to-hex/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # RGB to HEX Converter Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## How do I convert RGB to HEX? Convert each red, green and blue value from decimal to a two-digit hexadecimal pair, then join the pairs after a #. RGB(255, 87, 51) becomes FF, 57 and 33, so the HEX color is #FF5733. This converter handles the math live and can add an alpha pair for opacity. RGB channels use decimal values from 0 to 255. HEX writes the same three sRGB channels as base-16 pairs from `00` to `FF`. Enter values directly, move the sliders, choose a preset or click the preview to use your browser's color picker. Turn on opacity when you need the eight-digit `#RRGGBBAA` form. **The conversion runs locally in your browser** with no upload or account. RGBHEXrgb(255, 0, 0)`#FF0000`rgb(0, 128, 255)`#0080FF`rgb(15, 23, 42)`#0F172A` ## How to use it 1. **Enter the RGB channels** - Type red, green and blue as whole numbers from 0 to 255, or adjust the synchronized sliders. 2. **Check the live preview** - The color swatch and six-digit HEX result update immediately. You can also click the swatch to pick a color visually. 3. **Add opacity if needed** - Enable opacity to create an eight-digit HEX code, then set a percentage from 0 to 100. 4. **Copy the HEX code** - Use Copy to place the CSS-ready color code on your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** converting values from browser devtools or CSS `rgb()` declarations into compact HEX colors. - **UI designers** matching an RGB brand color in tools or design systems that expect six-digit HEX values. - **Email and marketing teams** moving exact colors between editors that expose different color formats. - **Game and data-visualization developers** turning numeric color channels into portable palette tokens. ## Expert note Each RGB channel always needs two HEX digits, including leading zeroes: decimal 8 is 08, not 8. For alpha, CSS maps 0 to 100 percent opacity onto bytes 00 to FF, so 50 percent rounds to 80 and produces an eight-digit value such as #FF573380. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this RGB to HEX converter free? Yes. The converter is free to use with no sign-up, download or conversion limit. Enter RGB channels, use the sliders or pick a color, then copy the result immediately. ### Are my RGB values uploaded? No. RGB to HEX conversion is simple arithmetic that runs entirely in your browser. Your color values are not uploaded or sent to a conversion service. ### What RGB values can I enter? Enter a whole number from 0 to 255 for each red, green and blue channel. Zero means none of that channel and 255 means its maximum intensity. The converter flags decimals, missing values and numbers outside the range instead of silently changing them. ### What is the RGB to HEX formula? Convert each decimal RGB channel to base 16 and pad it to two digits. Put red first, then green, then blue, with a # at the start. For rgb(255, 87, 51), the pairs are FF, 57 and 33, which combine as #FF5733. ### Can HEX colors include opacity? Yes. CSS supports the eight-digit #RRGGBBAA form. The last pair is alpha: 00 is fully transparent and FF is fully opaque. Enable opacity in the converter to map a percentage to that final pair. ### Does uppercase or lowercase HEX matter? No. CSS HEX digits are case-insensitive, so #FF5733 and #ff5733 represent the same color. This converter uses uppercase because the channel pairs are easier to scan, but you can use either form in CSS and HTML. ### Why does 50 percent opacity become 80 in HEX? The alpha channel has 256 byte values from 00 to FF. Half of 255 is 127.5, which rounds to 128. Decimal 128 is hexadecimal 80, so 50 percent opacity adds 80 as the final pair. ## Related tools - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Ringtone Maker - Create M4R or MP3 Online" description: "Make a ringtone online from any song. Trim a 30-second clip, add smooth fades, preview it, and export M4R for iPhone or MP3 for Android." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ringtone-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Ringtone Maker Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does a ringtone maker do? A ringtone maker turns part of a song, voice memo, or sound effect into a phone-ready audio file. Choose a clip up to 30 seconds, preview the exact section, add optional fades, then download M4R for iPhone or MP3 for Android. Your audio is processed inside the browser. The waveform helps you find a chorus, beat drop, spoken phrase, or clean sound effect without guessing at timestamps. The editor starts with a phone-friendly 30-second window and lets you move it to the beginning, middle, or end before fine-tuning the boundaries. Choose iPhone to encode AAC audio inside an M4R file, or Android to create a widely compatible MP3. A short fade can soften a hard cut and prevent a click at either edge. The first export downloads the audio engine; the song itself never leaves your device. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an audio file** - Drop in an MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, or another common audio file from your device. 2. **Select up to 30 seconds** - Move the waveform handles or enter exact start and end times for the part you want. 3. **Preview and add fades** - Listen to the selection, then add an optional fade-in or fade-out for smoother edges. 4. **Choose your phone and export** - Download M4R for iPhone or MP3 for Android after the browser finishes encoding the clip. ## Who it's for - **iPhone owners** can create a 30-second M4R clip ready to transfer through Apple-supported ringtone workflows. - **Android users** can cut a favorite hook or sound effect and save it as a compact MP3. - **Families and teams** can make distinct contact tones from permitted recordings and original sounds. - **Creators** can turn their own jingles, voice lines, or alert sounds into short phone-ready clips. ## Expert note Apple's GarageBand support documentation sets a 30-second maximum for exported ringtones. This editor uses the same conservative limit for both formats, so the clip is short enough for the iPhone workflow and remains concise on Android. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my song uploaded when I make a ringtone? No. File reading, waveform decoding, trimming, fades, encoding, preview, and download happen inside your browser tab. The first export downloads the audio engine code, but your song is not sent with that request. Closing or refreshing the tab releases the temporary local file URLs. ### Is this ringtone maker free? Yes. You can make and download ringtones without an account, subscription, watermark, or server queue. Processing uses your device, so the practical limits are the available browser memory and speed. Large or damaged files can take longer or fail to decode. ### What is the ringtone length limit? Each exported ringtone can be from 0.5 to 30 seconds long. Apple documents a 30-second maximum for ringtones exported from GarageBand. Android can accept longer audio on many devices, but a 30-second clip starts quickly and keeps the ringtone file small. ### Should I choose M4R or MP3? Choose M4R for an iPhone ringtone and MP3 for most Android phones. M4R is AAC audio in an Apple ringtone container; changing an MP3 filename to .m4r does not convert its codec. Both options from this tool are encoded as 44.1 kHz stereo audio at 192 kbps. ### How do I add the M4R ringtone to my iPhone? The download creates the ringtone file, but iOS still requires an Apple-supported transfer or creation workflow. Depending on your device and computer, use GarageBand, Finder, or Apple Devices to place the tone on the iPhone, then select it under Sounds and Haptics. ### Which audio files can I use? The picker accepts common formats including MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, AIFF, MP4 audio, and WebM audio. Browser preview support varies by codec. If the duration cannot be read, convert the source to MP3, WAV, M4A, or OGG first. ### Why add fade-in or fade-out? A short fade can smooth a cut that starts or ends away from a quiet point. Fade-in raises the level gradually at the beginning, while fade-out lowers it near the end. The editor limits each fade to half of the selected clip so the ramps never cross. ## Related tools - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio Volume Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "ROAS Calculator - Return on Ad Spend" description: "ROAS calculator for return on ad spend as a multiple, ratio and percentage, with optional break-even ROAS from gross margin. Free and private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/roas-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free ROAS Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a ROAS calculator measure? A ROAS calculator divides revenue attributed to advertising by the cost of those ads. It shows how much revenue came back for each unit of ad spend as a multiple, ratio, and percentage. Add gross margin to estimate the ROAS needed to cover product costs and ad spend. ROAS measures revenue efficiency, not net profit. It excludes product costs, payroll, agency fees, refunds and other expenses unless they affect the revenue or ad-spend figures you enter. The calculation runs in your browser, and the amounts are not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter attributed revenue** - Use the revenue credited to one campaign, channel or reporting period. 2. **Enter matching ad spend** - Add the media cost from the same scope and period; results update live. 3. **Add margin if useful** - Optionally enter gross margin to estimate break-even ROAS and contribution after ad spend. 4. **Compare or copy** - Read the multiple, ratio, percentage and supporting figures, then copy the result for a report. ## Who it's for - **Paid media teams** comparing Google Ads, Meta Ads or other campaigns on the same attribution basis. - **E-commerce operators** checking whether campaign ROAS clears a margin-based break-even threshold. - **Agencies** turning client revenue and media spend into a clear multiple, ratio and percentage. - **Founders and analysts** checking a dashboard value or planning the revenue needed from an ad budget. ## Expert note Platform-attributed revenue can overlap when several ad platforms claim the same sale. Compare campaigns with one consistent attribution window, and reconcile channel totals against revenue recorded by your store or billing system before treating ROAS as incremental growth. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this ROAS calculator free? Yes. The ROAS calculator is free, requires no sign-up and can be used repeatedly. Enter revenue and ad spend to get the multiple, ratio and percentage. Gross margin is optional and only adds break-even context; it does not change the core return-on-ad-spend calculation. ### Is my campaign data uploaded? No. The calculation runs locally in your browser, so the revenue, ad spend and gross margin you enter are not uploaded. You can clear the fields when finished. The page needs no account and makes no server request to calculate or format the result. ### What are the calculator limits? Revenue and ad spend must be non-negative and no greater than 999,999,999,999,999. Ad spend must be above zero because it is the formula denominator. Gross margin is optional and accepts values from 0% through 100%. The calculator handles common comma and dot number formats. ### What is the ROAS formula? ROAS equals attributed revenue divided by ad spend. A campaign with 24,000 in attributed revenue and 6,000 in ad spend has a 4x ROAS, also written as 4:1 or 400%. These formats describe the same revenue-to-spend relationship. ### What does 500% ROAS mean? A 500% ROAS means the campaign produced five units of attributed revenue for each unit spent on advertising. It is the same result as 5x or 5:1. It does not mean 500% profit because product costs and other operating expenses are not included. ### What is a good ROAS? There is no universal good ROAS. The useful threshold depends on gross margin, refunds, agency fees, overhead and how accurately revenue is attributed. A 2x result may work for a high-margin business, while a low-margin seller may need 4x or more before the campaign contributes profit. ### How do I calculate break-even ROAS? Divide 100 by gross margin percentage, or divide 1 by gross margin as a decimal. At 40% gross margin, break-even ROAS is 2.5x because 40% of 2.5 in revenue equals 1 in gross profit before ad spend. Other operating costs can raise the true threshold. ### What is the difference between ROAS and ROI? ROAS divides attributed revenue by advertising cost and focuses on media efficiency. ROI subtracts costs from the return and divides the gain or loss by the investment. A campaign can report a strong ROAS but weak ROI when product costs, fees, refunds or overhead consume the revenue. ## Related tools - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/) - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [Gross Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/gross-margin-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Robots.txt Generator - Build Crawl Rules Online" description: "Free robots.txt generator for valid crawler rules, Allow and Disallow paths, and sitemap URLs. Preview, copy, or download your file in the browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/robots-txt-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Robots.txt Generator Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is a robots.txt generator? A robots.txt generator builds the plain-text file that tells search engines and other well-behaved crawlers which URL paths they may request. Add user-agent groups, Allow and Disallow paths, and sitemap URLs, then copy or download standards-aware output without memorizing the directive syntax. Everything is generated locally in your browser. A `robots.txt` file belongs at the root of a site, such as `https://example.com/robots.txt`. This builder follows the core Robots Exclusion Protocol fields defined by RFC 9309 and adds the widely supported `Sitemap` field. It checks user-agent tokens, path formatting, and absolute sitemap URLs while you type. Presets give you a safe starting point for an open site, WordPress, or a complete crawl block. Robots rules control crawling, not access or guaranteed indexing. Anyone can read the file, and crawlers can choose whether to honor it. Use authentication or server permissions for private content, and use a supported `noindex` method when the goal is to keep a page out of search results. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a starting point** - Load the starter, open-site, WordPress, or block-all preset, or clear the form for a blank configuration. 2. **Set crawler rules** - Use * for all crawlers or enter a named user-agent, then add one Allow or Disallow path per line. 3. **Add sitemap URLs** - Enter any complete sitemap or sitemap-index URLs. The preview and checks update as you type. 4. **Copy or download robots.txt** - Review full-site blocking warnings, then copy the output or download the ready-to-upload robots.txt file. ## Who it's for - **Site owners** creating a first robots.txt file without hand-writing every directive. - **SEO specialists** checking crawl rules before they are placed on a production domain. - **Developers** documenting crawler access for admin areas, search pages, or generated URL spaces. - **WordPress administrators** starting with a focused wp-admin rule and an exception for admin-ajax.php. ## Expert note An Allow rule does not grant access by itself. Crawlers compare matching Allow and Disallow paths and use the most specific match; when equally specific rules conflict, RFC 9309 says Allow should win. That is why WordPress can disallow /wp-admin/ while allowing the longer /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php path. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this robots.txt generator free? Yes. The generator is free to use with no account, sign-up, or usage limit. You can create multiple user-agent groups and sitemap entries, then copy the output or download it as robots.txt. ### Is my robots.txt configuration uploaded? No. The rules and sitemap URLs you enter are processed locally in your browser. The generator does not upload your configuration or send it to a server. ### How many rules or sitemap URLs can I add? The tool sets no fixed limit on groups, paths, or sitemap URLs. Search crawlers may impose their own file-size handling limits, so keep the final file focused and avoid duplicate rules. ### Where should I upload robots.txt? Place the UTF-8 plain-text file at the top-level /robots.txt path for the exact scheme and host it controls. For example, rules for https://www.example.com belong at https://www.example.com/robots.txt, not in a subdirectory. ### Does robots.txt stop a page from appearing in Google? Not reliably. A Disallow rule asks compliant crawlers not to request a URL, but Google may still know the URL from links and show it without a snippet. Use an appropriate noindex directive when you need to prevent indexing, and do not block the crawler from seeing that directive. ### Should I add Crawl-delay? Only when you know the target crawler supports it. Crawl-delay is not part of the core RFC 9309 rule syntax, and Google does not support it. This generator leaves it out so the main workflow stays portable and standards-aware. ### Can robots.txt protect private files? No. A robots.txt file is public and its paths can reveal where content lives. It is a voluntary crawling instruction, not authentication or authorization. Protect sensitive resources with login controls, server permissions, or another real access-control layer. ## Related tools - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/) - [Open Graph Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/) - [SERP Snippet Preview](https://candoya.com/tools/serp-snippet-preview/) - [UTM Link Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/utm-link-builder/) - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "ROI Calculator - Return on Investment Online" description: "ROI calculator for gain or loss, return percentage, break-even value and optional annualized ROI. Clear formulas, no sign-up and no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free ROI Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does an ROI calculator show? An ROI calculator compares a final value or total return with its initial cost. It shows the absolute gain or loss, return on investment percentage and break-even position. Add a holding period to express the same start-to-finish change as a compounded annualized ROI, with the assumptions shown beside the result. This calculator is descriptive, not a forecast or investment recommendation. Include any fees, taxes or other costs in the initial or final figure when they belong in your comparison. Everything runs locally in your browser, so the amounts are not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the starting cost** - Type the initial investment or total cost, using either common comma or dot number formatting. 2. **Enter the ending value** - Add the final value, proceeds or total return measured on the same basis as the starting cost. 3. **Add time if useful** - Optionally enter a holding period in months or years to calculate a compounded annualized ROI. 4. **Read the comparison** - Review the gain or loss, total ROI, return multiple and distance above or below break-even, then copy the breakdown if needed. ## Who it's for - **Small business owners** checking whether equipment, software or a project returned more value than it cost. - **Marketing teams** comparing campaign cost with the value or profit they choose to attribute to that campaign. - **Freelancers and creators** reviewing the gain or loss from a course, product launch or work setup. - **Students and analysts** checking an ROI formula, worked example and break-even result. - **Investors** describing a simple start-to-finish return before considering cash-flow timing, risk, fees or taxes separately. ## Expert note A 50% gain followed by a 50% loss does not return to break-even: 100 grows to 150, then falls to 75. ROI is measured against the original cost, while annualized ROI assumes one start value and one end value and does not reconstruct intermediate cash flows. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this ROI calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use, has no sign-up and does not place a paywall on repeated calculations. Enter an initial cost and final value as often as needed, within the numeric limits shown by the validation, and add a holding period only when annualization is useful. ### Is my ROI data uploaded? No. The calculation runs locally in your browser, so the amounts and holding period you enter are not uploaded. The page does not need an account. You can also clear every input and result with the Clear button when you finish a calculation. ### What are the limits of this ROI calculator? The calculator accepts non-negative values up to 999,999,999,999,999 and a holding period up to 1,000 years. It models one initial cost and one final value. It does not time intermediate cash flows or automatically add fees, taxes, inflation, financing or risk. ### How do I calculate ROI? Subtract the initial cost from the final value to find the gain or loss. Divide that difference by the initial cost, then multiply by 100. For example, a 12,500 final value on a 10,000 cost produces a 2,500 gain and a 25% ROI. ### What is a good ROI? There is no universal good ROI. A useful comparison depends on the time period, risk, financing, taxes, fees and realistic alternatives. This calculator reports the arithmetic only. It does not judge whether a result is suitable or recommend an investment, project or campaign. ### What does break-even mean in an ROI calculation? Break-even means the final value equals the initial cost. The gain or loss and ROI are both zero. When the final value is below cost, the calculator shows how much more value is needed to break even; when it is above cost, it shows the excess. ### How is annualized ROI calculated? Annualized ROI uses the compounded formula (final value divided by initial cost) raised to one divided by the number of years, minus one. It makes different holding periods easier to compare, but it assumes one starting value and one ending value without intermediate deposits or withdrawals. ### Can ROI be negative? Yes. ROI is negative when the final value is lower than the initial cost. A final value of 800 on a cost of 1,000 creates a 200 loss and a -20% ROI. A final value of zero represents a complete loss and a -100% ROI. ## Related tools - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Roman Numeral Converter - Numbers to Roman" description: "Free Roman numeral converter: turn numbers into Roman numerals and Roman numerals back into numbers (1-3999), instantly in your browser with the worked breakdown." url: https://candoya.com/tools/roman-numeral-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Roman Numeral Converter Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How do you convert Roman numerals to numbers? Add the symbol values from left to right, subtracting when a smaller symbol sits before a larger one: MCMXCIV is 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4 = 1994. This free Roman numeral converter works both ways instantly - type a number from 1 to 3999 or a numeral and read the result with its worked breakdown. Each Roman symbol has a **fixed value**, and standard notation combines at most three repeats with six subtractive pairs (IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, CM): SymbolIVXLCDMValue1510501005001000Everything runs **locally in your browser**. Nothing you type is uploaded or stored, the conversion updates on every keystroke, and invalid input gets a specific message (wrong letters, non-standard sequences like IIII, or numbers outside 1-3999) instead of a silent wrong answer. ## How to use it 1. **Type in either field** - Enter a whole number from 1 to 3999 on the left, or a Roman numeral (uppercase or lowercase) on the right. The other side converts as you type. 2. **Read the breakdown** - Below the fields the converter shows the worked expansion - MCMXCIV = M + CM + XC + IV = 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4 - so you can see how the value is built. 3. **Copy the result** - Use the Copy button next to either field to grab the number or the numeral. Clear resets both fields, and Example reloads 1994 = MCMXCIV. ## Who it's for - **Students and teachers** checking Roman numeral homework, with the worked breakdown showing exactly which symbols add or subtract. - **Tattoo and engraving planning** - converting a birthday, wedding year, or anniversary into numerals and verifying it back before it becomes permanent. - **Writers and editors** decoding chapter numbers, book prefaces, movie sequels, and Super Bowl or WrestleMania numbering. - **History and genealogy readers** translating years on monuments, cornerstones, gravestones, and old title pages. - **Designers and developers** generating correct numerals for clock faces, list styles, outlines, and film credit dates. ## Expert note This converter enforces strict subtractive notation: only I, X, and C can subtract, and only from the next two larger symbols - so 4 is IV, 49 is XLIX (not IL), and 999 is CMXCIX (not IM). Additive forms like IIII are flagged rather than guessed at, because sources that accept them silently also accept genuinely ambiguous strings. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Roman numeral converter free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, and no usage limits. The converter runs entirely in your browser with plain JavaScript, so it keeps working offline once the page has loaded. ### Is anything I type uploaded? No. The conversion happens locally on your device. Nothing you enter is sent to a server, stored, or shared - close the tab and it is gone. ### How do you read a Roman numeral like MCMXCIV? Scan left to right and add, subtracting when a smaller symbol comes first: M = 1000, CM = 900 (100 before 1000), XC = 90 (10 before 100), IV = 4 (1 before 5). Total: 1994. The converter prints this exact breakdown for every valid numeral. ### Why do Roman numerals stop at 3999? Standard notation repeats a symbol at most three times, so the largest writable value is MMMCMXCIX = 3999. The Romans wrote bigger numbers with a vinculum - an overline multiplying a symbol by 1000 - but that needs special typography, so nearly all modern converters cap at 3999. ### Is IIII wrong for 4? In standard subtractive notation, 4 is IV, and this converter flags IIII as non-standard. The additive IIII does have one famous home: traditional clock faces, which use IIII for visual balance with VIII on the other side of the dial. ### Is there a Roman numeral for zero? No. The classical system has no symbol for zero and no negative numbers - it starts at I = 1. Medieval scribes sometimes wrote N (for nulla) in tables, but it was never part of standard notation, which is why converters accept only 1 to 3999. ### How do I write a year or date in Roman numerals? Convert each part separately. The year 2026 is MMXXVI; a date like 14-2-2026 becomes XIV·II·MMXXVI. For tattoos or engravings, convert the numeral back to digits here first - a misplaced subtraction is easy to miss by eye and permanent in ink. ## Related tools - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Perimeter Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/perimeter-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Rotate Video Online - Flip and Mirror Video" description: "Rotate video online by 90, 180, or 270 degrees, or flip it horizontally or vertically. Export a private MP4 without uploads or watermarks." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-flip-video/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Rotate Video Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you rotate a video online? To rotate a video online, choose a local clip, turn it 90, 180, or 270 degrees, and export a new MP4. You can also flip the picture horizontally or vertically to fix mirrored webcams and upside-down footage. Processing stays in your browser, so the source is not uploaded. This video rotator applies the chosen transform to every decoded frame, then writes the result as H.264 video with AAC audio. Quarter turns swap the output width and height. Horizontal and vertical flips can be combined with any rotation, and the live preview shows the final orientation before processing starts. The browser loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you export. The first audio track is kept when present, while subtitles, extra tracks, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are left out. Browser memory makes the tool best for short or moderate clips. The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the tool. 2. **Set the orientation** - Choose a 90, 180, or 270 degree rotation and add a horizontal or vertical flip if needed. 3. **Check the live preview** - Play the transformed preview and confirm that text, faces, and the frame direction look correct. 4. **Export and download** - Create the MP4 locally, preview the result, and download the watermark-free file. ## Who it's for - **Phone videographers** can correct a sideways or upside-down recording before sharing it. - **Remote teams** can unmirror a webcam clip while keeping internal footage on the device. - **Social creators** can turn landscape dimensions into portrait dimensions with a quarter turn. - **Teachers and presenters** can fix recordings made with a rotated camera mount or capture device. ## Expert note Rotation and flipping do not mean the same thing. A 180 degree turn changes top, bottom, left, and right, while applying both horizontal and vertical flips produces the same final orientation. The editor detects that equivalent no-change combination so you do not spend time re-encoding an unchanged picture. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I rotate it? No. Your browser reads the selected file and a WebAssembly video engine creates the result inside this tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but your source video and transformed output are not sent to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is this video rotator free and watermark-free? Yes. You can rotate, flip, preview, and download the MP4 without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from the memory and processor speed available on your device rather than a paid server export tier. ### How large a video can I rotate in the browser? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. A file near the limit can still process slowly because the browser holds the source, video engine, working frames, and result in memory. ### Can I rotate a video 90 degrees without cropping it? Yes. A 90 or 270 degree turn swaps the output width and height, so the complete picture remains visible without cropping. For example, a 1920 x 1080 landscape frame becomes a 1080 x 1920 portrait frame. The tool may remove one edge pixel when an unusual source dimension is odd. ### What is the difference between flipping and rotating a video? Rotation turns the whole frame around its center. A horizontal flip mirrors left and right, while a vertical flip exchanges top and bottom. Use rotation for sideways footage, horizontal flip for reversed webcam text, and vertical flip for footage captured upside down across one axis. ### Will the rotated video keep its audio? Yes, when the source has a readable audio track. The exporter transforms and re-encodes the main picture, then places the first audio stream into the MP4 as AAC. Silent sources remain silent. Extra audio tracks, subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are not copied. ### Will rotating a video reduce its quality? The picture is re-encoded so the chosen orientation is baked into the output and works in players that ignore rotation metadata. The high-quality H.264 setting minimizes visible loss, but any lossy re-encode can change fine detail. Your original file remains untouched. ### Which video formats can the rotator open? It accepts common containers such as MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related video files, then exports MP4. Browser preview support is narrower than FFmpeg support, so a damaged or uncommon professional codec may need conversion or desktop software first. ## Related tools - [Crop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Rotate Image Online by Any Angle" description: "Rotate images online by 90, 180, 270, or any custom angle. Preview and download PNG, JPG, or WebP files privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-image/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Rotate Image Online Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How can I rotate an image online? Use this image rotator to turn a photo left or right by 90 degrees, flip it through 180 degrees, or set a precise custom angle. The canvas expands to keep every corner visible, and you can preview and download the result without sending the original image to a server. The editor accepts PNG, JPG, and WebP files and performs every rotation locally in your browser. Preset buttons fix sideways photos quickly, while the degree slider can straighten a tilted horizon or scanned page. ## How to use it 1. **Add your image** - Drop a PNG, JPG, or WebP file into the editor, choose one from your device, or load the example. 2. **Set the rotation** - Use the left, right, or 180 degree buttons, then fine-tune the angle with the slider or number field. 3. **Choose an output** - Select PNG, JPEG, or WebP and set quality for a lossy format. 4. **Rotate and save** - Create the result, review its dimensions, then copy or download the rotated image. ## Who it's for - **Phone photographers** can correct portrait shots that appear sideways after transfer. - **Students and office teams** can turn scanned pages and receipts into a readable orientation. - **Designers and publishers** can rotate graphics to an exact angle before placing them in a layout. - **Online sellers** can correct product photos before adding them to a catalog or marketplace listing. ## Expert note A custom-angle rotation needs a larger rectangular canvas than the source. This rotator calculates the bounding box from the rotated corners, so diagonal edges stay visible instead of being clipped; JPEG fills the newly exposed corners with white because it has no transparency. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image uploaded anywhere? No. Your browser reads, rotates, previews, and exports the image on your device. CanDoYa does not receive the selected file or the rotated result, although normal site analytics may still record that the page was visited. ### Is this image rotator free? Yes. You can rotate images without an account, subscription, watermark, or download limit. The practical limit is the memory and canvas capacity available in your browser, especially for high-resolution photos. ### What image formats and limits are supported? The rotator accepts PNG, JPEG, and WebP images up to 50 MB, with each source side no larger than 16,384 pixels and no more than 50 megapixels total. It exports PNG, JPEG, or WebP when your browser supports that format. ### Can I rotate an image by a custom number of degrees? Yes. Enter or choose any angle from -180 to 180 degrees. Negative values rotate counterclockwise and positive values rotate clockwise. The output canvas expands automatically, so the corners remain inside the saved image. ### How do I rotate a picture 90 degrees? Add the picture and select Rotate left or Rotate right. Each press changes the angle by 90 degrees and updates the preview. Select Rotate 180 to turn an upside-down photo in one step, then create and download the result. ### Does rotating an image reduce its quality? The tool keeps the source pixel dimensions, but saving creates a new image file. PNG uses lossless encoding, while JPEG and WebP quality settings can discard some detail. Custom angles also resample pixels along diagonal edges, so a small amount of edge smoothing is normal. ### Can I keep a transparent background? Yes. Choose PNG to preserve transparency in the source and in the corner areas created by a custom rotation. WebP can also preserve transparency in supported browsers. JPEG cannot store transparent pixels, so those corners are filled with white. ## Related tools - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Color Palette Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-palette-extractor/) - [Dominant Color Finder](https://candoya.com/tools/dominant-color-finder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Rotate PDF - Fix Page Orientation Online" description: "Rotate PDF pages online for free in your browser. Turn all, odd, even, or selected pages without uploads, quality loss, watermarks, or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Rotate PDF Pages Free Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I rotate PDF pages and save them? Add your PDF, choose all pages or a specific set, then select a 90 or 180 degree turn. The tool saves that orientation into a new PDF without converting pages to images. Everything runs in your browser, so your document stays on your device throughout the process. Use this PDF rotator to **fix sideways scans, upside-down pages, and mixed page orientations**. You can target the whole document, odd or even pages, or a custom list such as 1, 3, 5-8. Rotation happens locally with no upload queue, account, watermark, or daily quota. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the upload area or click to choose it. The tool reads its page count and shows a local preview. 2. **Choose pages and direction** - Select all, odd, even, or custom pages, then choose a 90 degree clockwise, 90 degree counterclockwise, or 180 degree turn. 3. **Rotate and download** - Click Rotate PDF and download the new file. Text, images, vectors, and page dimensions remain intact. ## Who it's for - **Office teams** correcting landscape pages inside reports before sharing or printing. - **Students and researchers** fixing scanned chapters with a few sideways or upside-down pages. - **Administrators** rotating odd or even pages in duplex scans where every second sheet has the wrong orientation. - **Legal and healthcare staff** adjusting sensitive documents without sending files to an external server. ## Expert note PDF rotation is a page-level display setting, not a screenshot operation. This tool adds your chosen turn to each page's existing rotation and saves the result, so searchable text and vector graphics stay intact. Some viewers can temporarily rotate a page without saving that setting, which is why the page may appear sideways again after reopening the original file. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. The PDF is read, previewed, rotated, and saved inside your browser. It is never uploaded to CanDoYa or a third-party file service. After the page and PDF engine have loaded, the document processing itself does not require a server connection. ### Is this PDF rotator free? Yes. You can rotate and download PDFs without signing up, paying, waiting for credits, or accepting a watermark. Your browser performs the work locally, so there is no server processing quota. The practical limit depends on your device's available memory. ### Is there a file size or page limit? The tool sets no fixed file size or page limit. Very large PDFs use more memory because the browser holds the source and finished files while processing. If a large document strains a phone, try the same file on a laptop or rotate fewer pages at once. ### Can I rotate only one page in a PDF? Yes. Choose Custom pages and enter that page number, such as 4. You can also enter multiple pages and ranges, such as 1, 3, 5-8. Only those pages receive the selected turn; every other page keeps its existing orientation. ### Does rotating a PDF reduce its quality? No. The tool changes each selected page's rotation setting instead of rasterizing or recompressing its contents. Searchable text remains searchable, vector graphics stay sharp, and embedded images retain their resolution. The output can differ slightly in size because the document is saved again. ### What do clockwise and counterclockwise mean here? Clockwise turns the top of the page toward the right. Counterclockwise turns it toward the left. A 180 degree turn flips an upside-down page. The chosen turn is added to any rotation already stored on that page, so repeated 90 degree turns work as expected. ### Why is my password-protected PDF rejected? Encrypted PDFs cannot be safely edited without their password. Open the file in a PDF viewer, enter its password, and save an unlocked copy if you are authorized to do so. Then add that copy to the rotator. Rejecting protected files prevents blank or unusable output. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/) - [Extract PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "RSA Key Pair Generator - Private PEM Keys" description: "Generate RSA key pairs online in PEM or JWK format with 2048, 3072, or 4096-bit keys. WebCrypto runs locally, so private keys stay on your device." url: https://candoya.com/tools/rsa-key-pair-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free RSA Key Pair Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an RSA key pair generator? An RSA key pair generator creates a mathematically linked public key and private key for encryption or digital signatures. This tool uses your browser's Web Crypto API to generate 2048, 3072, or 4096-bit keys, then exports the public key as SPKI and the private key as unencrypted PKCS#8. Choose RSA-OAEP for encryption and decryption or RSA-PSS for signing and verification. The key material is created and exported on your device. You can switch between PEM and JWK views, copy either key, download separate files, and compare the SHA-256 fingerprint of the public SPKI key. **Private keys need careful handling.** The PKCS#8 PEM and private JWK produced here are not protected by a password. Move the private key directly into an appropriate secret store, restrict file permissions, and replace the pair if the private key is ever exposed. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a key size** - Use 2048 bits for the widest compatibility, or choose 3072 or 4096 bits when your system requires a larger modulus. 2. **Choose the key purpose** - Select RSA-OAEP for encryption and decryption or RSA-PSS for signing and verification. 3. **Generate the pair** - Click Generate RSA key pair and wait while WebCrypto creates strong random prime factors locally. 4. **Export and store** - Copy or download the public and private keys in PEM or JWK format. Put the private key in secure storage immediately. ## Who it's for - **Local API development** that needs a disposable RSA-OAEP pair for encryption tests. - **Signature prototypes** that use RSA-PSS to sign data and verify it with a public key. - **Key-format testing** for applications that import SPKI, PKCS#8, or JSON Web Keys. - **Fingerprint comparisons** when confirming that a public key matches the expected artifact. ## Expert note WebCrypto exports the public key as SubjectPublicKeyInfo (BEGIN PUBLIC KEY) and the private key as unencrypted PKCS#8 (BEGIN PRIVATE KEY). Those containers are widely accepted, but they are not the same as OpenSSL's older PKCS#1 BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY format. The public exponent is the standard 65537. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my RSA private key uploaded? No. Key generation and export happen in your browser through WebCrypto. CanDoYa does not receive the public key or private key. The page still uses normal site assets and analytics, so you should always treat the downloaded private key as a sensitive secret and store it promptly. ### Is this RSA key generator free? Yes. You can generate, copy, and download RSA key pairs without signing up or paying. There is no server-side quota because the computational work runs on your device. Browser speed is the practical limit, especially when creating 4096-bit keys. ### Should I choose a 2048, 3072, or 4096-bit RSA key? Choose the size required by the system that will import the key. RSA 2048 is the compatible default for many current applications. RSA 3072 and 4096 provide a larger modulus but take longer to generate and operate. A larger key does not fix an insecure protocol or poor private-key storage. ### What is the difference between RSA-OAEP and RSA-PSS? RSA-OAEP is an encryption scheme: the public key encrypts and the private key decrypts. RSA-PSS is a signature scheme: the private key signs and the public key verifies. The exported RSA key material looks similar, but WebCrypto assigns different permitted operations to each generated pair. ### What formats does this generator export? PEM output uses an SPKI public key and an unencrypted PKCS#8 private key. JWK output uses the JSON Web Key structure, including the private RSA parameters in the private JWK. The SHA-256 fingerprint is calculated over the exported SPKI DER bytes. ### Can I use these keys for SSH? Not directly. OpenSSH public keys use a different text format, and modern SSH workflows often prefer Ed25519. This generator targets standards-based WebCrypto, application encryption, signatures, and SPKI or PKCS#8 imports. Use ssh-keygen when you need an SSH login key pair. ### Is the private key password-protected? No. WebCrypto exports this private key as unencrypted PKCS#8 or as a private JWK. Anyone who obtains that file can use its private parameters. Store it in a secret manager or encrypted container, restrict access, and generate a replacement pair if it is disclosed. ## Related tools - [HMAC Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [TOTP Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Running Pace Calculator - Pace and Splits" description: "Free running pace calculator for pace per km and mile, speed, and even race splits. Enter distance and time in metric or imperial units." url: https://candoya.com/tools/running-pace-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Running Pace Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a running pace calculator do? A running pace calculator turns a distance and finish time into your average pace per kilometre and mile, average speed, and even race splits. Enter any run or choose a standard race distance. The results update instantly in your browser, so you can compare targets without uploading or saving your training data. Pace is time divided by distance, while speed is distance divided by time. This calculator shows both views at once, converts between kilometres and international miles, and builds a checkpoint table for a steady effort. The distance presets use 5 km, 10 km, 21.0975 km for a half marathon, and 42.195 km for a marathon. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the distance** - Select a common race preset or enter a custom distance, then choose kilometres or miles. 2. **Enter the finish time** - Add hours, minutes, and seconds. Minutes and seconds should each be between 0 and 59. 3. **Read pace and speed** - Compare pace per kilometre, pace per mile, km/h, and mph as the result updates live. 4. **Check the splits** - Use the even-splits table to view cumulative checkpoints every 1 or 5 kilometres or miles. ## Who it's for - **Race planners** turning a 5K, 10K, half marathon, or marathon goal into checkpoint times. - **Runners reviewing a workout** converting a logged distance and elapsed time into pace per km and mile. - **Treadmill users** matching an outdoor pace to the equivalent average speed in km/h or mph. - **Coaches and run groups** sharing an even-pace reference across metric and imperial watches. ## Expert note The conversion uses the exact international mile of 1.609344 km and rounds only for display. A 50-minute 10K is therefore 5:00 per km, about 8:03 per mile, 12.00 km/h, and 7.46 mph. Even splits are targets, not a promise that terrain or fatigue will leave every segment identical. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this running pace calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, has no sign-up, and runs in your browser. You can change the distance, time, units, and split interval as often as you need without creating an account. ### Is my running data uploaded? No. Pace, speed, unit conversion, and split calculations happen locally in your browser. The distance and time you enter are not sent away for the calculation or stored as a workout. ### What distances and times can I calculate? You can enter any positive distance up to 1,000 km, or its equivalent in miles, and a finish time up to 999:59:59. That range covers track events, road races, trail ultras, and long endurance challenges without creating an oversized split table. ### How do I calculate running pace from distance and time? Divide total elapsed time by distance. For example, 50 minutes divided by 10 km gives 5 minutes per kilometre. The calculator converts the same run to miles using 1 mile = 1.609344 km, then divides the time by that mile distance. ### What is the difference between pace and speed? Pace tells you how much time one kilometre or mile takes, such as 5:00 per km. Speed tells you how much distance you cover in an hour, such as 12 km/h. They describe the same average effort from opposite directions. ### Are even race splits a prediction? No. Each row assumes the exact same average pace from start to finish. Real splits change with hills, turns, weather, crowds, fatigue, and pacing strategy. Use the table as a reference line for a goal, not as medical or training advice. ## Related tools - [Calories Burned by Activity Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/calories-burned-by-activity/) - [BMI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmi-calculator/) - [BMR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmr-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Startup Runway Calculator - Cash Burn Timeline" description: "Startup runway calculator for cash, monthly expenses and revenue. See net burn, months remaining, zero-cash date and an 18-month target check." url: https://candoya.com/tools/runway-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Startup Runway Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a startup runway calculator? A startup runway calculator estimates how many months a business can operate before its available cash reaches zero. It divides current cash by monthly net burn, where net burn is expenses minus revenue. This calculator also estimates the zero-cash date and checks how the result compares with your chosen runway target. The calculation runs locally in your browser. Use a consistent monthly period for revenue and expenses, and include recurring costs such as payroll, software, rent and marketing. The result is a steady-state snapshot, not a full cash flow forecast. ## How to use it 1. **Enter current cash** - Use the cash that is available to fund operations as of the selected balance date. 2. **Add monthly activity** - Enter total monthly expenses and monthly revenue. Leave revenue blank for a pre-revenue business. 3. **Choose a target** - Keep the 18-month reference or enter a runway target that matches the next funding or operating milestone. 4. **Read and copy the snapshot** - Review net burn, runway, the estimated zero-cash date and the maximum expense level for the target. ## Who it's for - **Startup founders** checking how much time remains before the next funding or profitability milestone. - **Finance leads** turning a current cash balance and monthly operating results into a board-ready runway snapshot. - **Bootstrapped teams** testing how a hiring or cost decision changes their monthly expense ceiling. - **Advisors and investors** checking the assumptions behind a reported cash runway figure. ## Expert note Use actual cash movement when possible: accrual revenue that has not been collected does not extend runway, while annual bills should be divided into monthly equivalents so they are not missed. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my financial data uploaded? No. The amounts are calculated in your browser and are not sent to a calculation server. You can clear the fields at any time. As with any website, avoid entering account numbers or other identifiers when a few aggregate amounts are enough for the calculation. ### Is this startup runway calculator free? Yes. You can calculate cash runway, net burn, an estimated zero-cash date and a target-runway gap without signing up or paying. There is no fixed calculation limit, and the page updates immediately when you change an input. ### What is the calculation limit? Each money input accepts a non-negative amount below 1 trillion, and the target runway can be set from more than 0 to 120 months. These limits cover normal planning scenarios while keeping the arithmetic safe in the browser. ### How do you calculate startup runway? Subtract monthly revenue from monthly expenses to get net burn, then divide current cash by that net burn. For example, 500,000 in cash with 50,000 of expenses and 15,000 of revenue has a 35,000 monthly net burn and about 14.3 months of runway. ### What happens if revenue is higher than expenses? The simple model reports no finite cash runway because the business is not consuming cash at the entered run rate. That does not guarantee permanent solvency. Revenue can fall, costs can rise, and timing differences between invoices and collections can still create cash pressure. ### How accurate is the estimated zero-cash date? It converts runway months to calendar time using the average length of a month and assumes the same net burn continues. Treat the date as a planning marker. A month-by-month cash forecast is better when revenue, hiring, annual bills or fundraising proceeds will change. ### How much runway should a startup have? There is no universal target. Many teams plan around the time needed to reach a milestone or complete a fundraise, plus a buffer for delays. Enter your own target instead of treating 18 months as a guarantee or a rule for every company. ## Related tools - [MRR and ARR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mrr-arr-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) - [ROI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/roi-calculator/) - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Savings Goal Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Savings Goal Calculator - Plan Monthly Savings" description: "Savings goal calculator to find how much to save each month for a target and deadline. Include current savings and APY, with no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/savings-goal-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Savings Goal Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## How much should I save each month to reach my goal? A savings goal calculator works backward from your target, current balance, deadline and expected annual return to find the monthly deposit you need. It also converts that amount into weekly and daily equivalents, then separates your future deposits from estimated interest so you can build a practical savings plan. The calculation runs **entirely in your browser**. Your goal and account figures are not uploaded or stored. Choose your currency for clearer formatting, use an APY from your savings account if you have one, and set the rate to zero for a plan based only on deposits. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the goal and what you have saved** - Set your target amount, current balance and preferred currency. Enter zero if you are starting from scratch. 2. **Choose a deadline and expected APY** - Add whole years plus any extra months. Use the account's annual percentage yield, or zero for a no-interest plan. 3. **Use the monthly savings target** - The result updates instantly with monthly, weekly and daily equivalents. Adjust the deadline or rate to compare realistic plans, then copy the summary. ## Who it's for - **Home buyers** planning a down payment by a realistic purchase date. - **Emergency-fund builders** turning a three- or six-month expense target into automatic monthly transfers. - **Travelers and couples** breaking a trip or wedding budget into smaller weekly amounts. - **Students and families** estimating a savings pace for tuition, a car or another major purchase. - **Savers comparing accounts** seeing how a different APY changes the deposit required, without assuming the return is guaranteed. ## Expert note This calculator treats the entered rate as APY, converts it to an equivalent monthly rate, and assumes deposits arrive at the end of each month. It rounds the required deposit up to the selected currency's smallest unit so the displayed plan reaches rather than narrowly misses the goal. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this savings goal calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use with no account, sign-up or usage limit. It runs with plain JavaScript in your browser, and you can change the goal, deadline, starting amount, currency and expected return as often as you need. ### Are my savings figures uploaded or stored? No. Every calculation happens locally in your browser. Your savings goal, current balance and rate are not sent to a server or saved by this tool. Once the page has loaded, the calculator can also keep working without a network connection. ### How does the savings goal calculator work? It grows your current balance at the APY you enter, then solves the future-value formula for equal end-of-month deposits over your chosen number of months. At a zero rate, the calculation is simply the remaining amount divided by the months left. ### What interest rate should I enter? Use the current APY shown for your savings account, certificate or other account. APY already reflects compounding over one year. Because rates can change, treat the result as a planning estimate and test a lower rate if you want a more cautious target. ### Can I calculate a savings goal with no interest? Yes. Enter 0 for the annual return. The calculator will subtract any amount already saved from the goal, divide the remainder across your deadline and show the exact monthly pace, plus comparable weekly and daily amounts. ### Why is the required monthly amount rounded up? A rounded-down payment can leave the final balance slightly short. This calculator rounds the required monthly deposit upward to the selected currency's smallest unit, then shows the resulting projected balance. The small overage ensures the displayed plan reaches the target under the assumptions entered. ### What if I have already saved enough? If your current savings, including the estimated growth through the deadline, can meet the goal without more deposits, the required monthly amount becomes zero. The result still shows the projected balance and estimated interest so you can check the assumption. ## Related tools - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Home Affordability Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/home-affordability/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Online Screen Recorder With Audio" description: "Record your screen online with optional supported audio, a live timer, instant preview, and local download. No upload, account, or extension." url: https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Screen Recorder Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an online screen recorder? An online screen recorder captures a screen, window, or browser tab without installing an app or extension. Choose what to share, record with optional supported audio, then preview and download the clip. The recording is assembled locally in your browser and is not uploaded to a processing server. This recorder uses the browser's Screen Capture and MediaRecorder APIs. It asks for a fresh capture permission each time and saves the exact container the browser can create. Shared system or tab audio is optional and may be unavailable for a chosen source, browser, or operating system. ## How to use it 1. **Choose audio** - Decide whether to request shared audio. Availability depends on the source, browser, and operating system. 2. **Start screen capture** - Click Start recording, then choose a screen, application window, or browser tab in the browser's permission prompt. 3. **Record and stop** - Follow the live timer and preview. Stop from this page or from the browser's sharing control when the clip is complete. 4. **Preview and download** - Review the finished video and download it in the WebM or MP4 format produced by your browser. ## Who it's for - **Product teams** can capture a short bug reproduction with the exact clicks and screen state that caused the problem. - **Teachers and trainers** can record a walkthrough of slides, software, or a browser workflow for later sharing. - **Remote teams** can create quick asynchronous demos when a live meeting is unnecessary. - **Creators** can record a clean browser or app demonstration, then download the original clip for editing. ## Expert note The browser decides which capture sources, audio tracks, codecs, and containers are available. Selecting a browser tab with its audio-sharing option is often more reliable for tab sound than selecting an entire screen, but support still varies by browser and operating system. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my screen recording uploaded? No. Capture chunks are collected in memory by your browser and turned into a local video file when recording stops. This tool does not send the screen stream or finished recording to a processing server. Download the file before closing or reloading the page. ### Is the online screen recorder free? Yes. You can record, preview, and download a clip without creating an account, installing an extension, or adding a watermark. The practical recording limit depends on your browser, available memory, free disk space, and the length and resolution of the capture. ### Can I record my screen with audio? Sometimes. Turn on Request shared audio, then enable audio in the browser's screen-sharing prompt when that option appears. Tab audio, system audio, and available sources vary by browser and operating system. A recording can still work correctly when the returned capture has no audio track. ### Can I choose a screen, window, or browser tab? The browser opens its own secure picker after you click Start recording. It decides which screens, application windows, and browser tabs are available. Websites cannot silently select a source, reuse permission, or bypass that picker, so you remain in control of what is captured. ### Does the screen recorder work on mobile? Many mobile browsers do not expose website screen capture, so this tool is intended for supported desktop browsers. If the required APIs or a secure connection are unavailable, the recorder shows an unsupported message instead of presenting a start button that cannot work. ### Will the recording download as MP4 or WebM? The tool checks which recording MIME types the browser supports and uses the actual type reported by MediaRecorder. Most supported browsers produce WebM, while some may produce MP4. The download button names the real container, so a WebM recording is never mislabeled as MP4. ### What happens if I stop sharing from the browser toolbar? The recorder listens for the capture track ending. When you stop sharing from the browser's own control, it finishes the MediaRecorder session, assembles the chunks received so far, and prepares the same preview and download you would get from the Stop recording button. ## Related tools - [Webcam Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/webcam-recorder/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Screen Resolution Detector - Check Screen Size, Viewport and DPR" description: "Free screen resolution detector. See your screen size, viewport, device pixel ratio, orientation, color depth and browser display facts locally." url: https://candoya.com/tools/screen-resolution-detector/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Screen Resolution Detector Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a screen resolution detector? A screen resolution detector reads the display facts your browser can see: screen width and height, available screen area, current viewport size, device pixel ratio, estimated physical pixels, orientation, color depth, touch support and media-query capabilities. This tool shows those values instantly in your browser without uploading anything. The numbers update when you resize the browser, rotate the device, change zoom or move the window between displays. Screen size tells you the CSS-pixel size reported by the display, viewport size tells you the space available to the web page, and device pixel ratio explains how many physical pixels map to one CSS pixel. Together they help you debug responsive layouts, screenshots, media queries and display-specific bugs. ## Expert note Browsers report screen and viewport measurements in CSS pixels, not always raw hardware pixels. Device pixel ratio estimates the mapping to physical pixels, but browser zoom, OS scaling and external-display settings can change the relationship. For layout debugging, the viewport size and media-query results are usually the most actionable values because they are what CSS uses. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this screen resolution detector free? Yes. It is free to use, with no sign-up and no usage limit. ### Does it upload my screen information? No. The detector only reads browser APIs on your device. Nothing is uploaded or stored on a server. ### What is the difference between screen size and viewport size? Screen size is the display size reported by the browser. Viewport size is the area the web page can currently use inside the browser window, so it changes when you resize the window, open sidebars or rotate a phone. ### What is device pixel ratio? Device pixel ratio, often shortened to DPR, is how many physical display pixels are used for one CSS pixel. Browser zoom, OS scaling and external displays can change it. ## Related tools - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Query String Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/) - [Clipboard Inspector](https://candoya.com/tools/clipboard-inspector/) - [CSS Clamp Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-clamp-calculator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SCSS to CSS Converter - Compile Sass Online" description: "SCSS to CSS converter powered by Dart Sass. Compile variables, nesting, mixins and modules locally, then copy or download clean CSS." url: https://candoya.com/tools/scss-to-css/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SCSS to CSS Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert SCSS to CSS? An SCSS to CSS converter runs Sass source through a compiler and returns plain CSS that browsers can read. Paste code with variables, nesting, mixins or built-in modules, choose expanded or compressed output, and compile it locally. Your stylesheet stays in the browser throughout the conversion. This converter uses the **official Dart Sass browser build**, so it follows current Sass behavior instead of approximating the language with a small parser. Built-in modules such as `sass:color` work. Local partials do not load because a web page cannot see your project file system, so paste dependent code into the input when testing a multi-file snippet. ## How to use it 1. **Add your SCSS** - Paste a self-contained SCSS snippet into the input panel, or load the example. 2. **Choose an output style** - Use Expanded for readable CSS or Compressed for a compact production-style result. 3. **Compile in your browser** - Select Compile SCSS or press Ctrl+Enter on Windows and Linux, or Command+Enter on macOS. 4. **Use the CSS** - Review Sass warnings, then copy the result or download it as compiled.css. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** checking a component snippet before adding it to a build pipeline. - **Design-system maintainers** expanding tokens, mixins and nested selectors into reviewable CSS. - **Learners** seeing exactly how Sass features map to browser-ready selectors and declarations. - **Code reviewers** testing a focused SCSS change without installing a local compiler. ## Expert note A successful compile proves that Sass syntax is valid, but it does not prove the generated selectors are efficient or that the CSS matches your target browsers. Review the expanded output before using the compressed version in production. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my SCSS uploaded to a server? No. The Dart Sass engine loads into your browser and compiles the text on your device. The SCSS and generated CSS are not sent to a compilation API. As with any website, avoid pasting secrets that do not belong in a stylesheet. ### Is this SCSS to CSS converter free? Yes. You can compile, copy and download CSS without an account or payment. There is no server queue because the work happens locally. The only practical constraints are the input guard and the memory and processing power available to your browser. ### How much SCSS can I compile at once? The input guard allows up to 250,000 characters. That is enough for substantial snippets, but a focused component or partial will compile faster and produce easier errors. Use a normal Sass build for a full application with many files and project-specific import paths. ### Which Sass features does the converter support? It supports the SCSS syntax handled by Dart Sass, including variables, nesting, mixins, functions, interpolation, control rules and built-in modules such as sass:math and sass:color. The input uses braces and semicolons rather than the separate indented Sass syntax. ### Can the converter load @use or @import files? Built-in module URLs such as sass:color work, but relative project files do not. Browser pages cannot read your folder structure without an explicit file picker and importer. Paste the needed partial above your snippet, or use your project's Sass build when resolving a real dependency tree. ### What is the difference between SCSS and Sass syntax? SCSS uses CSS-style braces and semicolons, and valid CSS is also valid SCSS. The indented Sass syntax uses indentation and newlines instead. Both expose the same language features, but this page accepts SCSS because it is the common format used in .scss files. ### Why does valid SCSS compile with a warning? Dart Sass warns when code relies on deprecated behavior that may change in a future release. Common examples include legacy global color functions and older @import workflows. The CSS can still be generated, but the warning identifies code worth updating before the deprecation becomes an error. ## Related tools - [CSS Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/) - [Markdown to HTML](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-html/) - [SVG Optimizer](https://candoya.com/tools/svg-optimizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Shamir Secret Sharing - Split and Recover" description: "Split a secret into threshold shares with Shamir secret sharing, then recover it from any sufficient subset. Runs locally in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/secret-sharing-shamir/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Shamir Secret Sharing Online Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is Shamir secret sharing? Shamir secret sharing divides a secret into multiple independent shares and sets a threshold for recovery. In a 3-of-5 setup, any three shares rebuild the original text, while one or two cannot reconstruct its content. This tool creates and combines shares locally in your browser. The tool encodes your UTF-8 text with a checksum, then evaluates a fresh random polynomial for every byte in the finite field GF(256). Each share carries its set ID and threshold settings so mixed sets are rejected. No account is needed, and the tool does not upload your input. This page uses a documented CanDoYa share format rather than a cryptocurrency wallet standard. It is suitable for general text secrets, but it does not create SLIP-0039 mnemonic shares. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the secret** - Type or paste up to 64 KiB of text. Use the visibility control if you need to check it. 2. **Choose the threshold** - Set the total number of shares and how many different shares recovery should require. 3. **Create and separate the shares** - Copy or download the generated strings, then store each share in a genuinely separate place. 4. **Verify recovery** - Switch to recovery, paste any threshold-sized subset with one share per line, and confirm the original text returns exactly. ## Who it's for - **Teams protecting an emergency credential** can require several trusted people to cooperate before access is restored. - **Individuals backing up a recovery code** can store shares in separate physical locations without leaving the whole secret in one place. - **Families and executors planning digital access** can distribute recovery authority while avoiding a single holder with complete access. - **Developers testing threshold workflows** can generate deterministic-format text shares and verify subset recovery in the browser. ## Expert note A 3-of-5 threshold tolerates the loss of two shares, but storing all five together defeats the distribution benefit. Test recovery with the exact subset you plan to keep before deleting the original. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my secret uploaded? No. Splitting and recovery run inside your browser, and this tool does not send the secret or shares to a server. For highly sensitive material, use a trusted device, load the page first, disconnect from the network, and close the tab after you verify recovery. ### Is this Shamir secret sharing tool free? Yes. You can create and recover threshold shares without an account, payment, or usage meter. The tool supports text secrets up to 64 KiB and creates between 2 and 10 shares in one set. ### How many shares can I create? You can create 2 to 10 shares and require any number from 2 through the total. A 2-of-3 setup favors simple recovery, while 3-of-5 adds more distribution and still tolerates two missing shares. ### Can fewer than the threshold recover the secret? No. With fresh, uniformly random polynomial coefficients, fewer than the required number of shares cannot reconstruct the secret content. Share strings do expose metadata such as the payload length. Duplicate copies of one share do not help because recovery needs different share indexes. ### What happens if a share is changed or mixed with another set? The tool rejects shares with different set identifiers or settings. It also checks the reconstructed text with a checksum, which catches accidental edits in normal use. The checksum is not a digital signature and does not protect against deliberate forgery. ### Are these shares compatible with SLIP-0039 wallets? No. The cdy-shamir-v1 format is designed for text handled by this tool and is not SLIP-0039. Do not import these strings into a hardware wallet. Keep the complete share strings and access to this tool for later recovery. ### Which threshold should I choose? Choose the smallest threshold that prevents one person or location from becoming a single point of failure, then make enough total shares to survive realistic loss. A 3-of-5 setup is a practical starting point, but the right choice depends on who stores each share. ## Related tools - [AES Encrypt and Decrypt](https://candoya.com/tools/aes-encrypt-decrypt/) - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [PBKDF2 Derive](https://candoya.com/tools/pbkdf2-derive/) - [RSA Key Pair Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/rsa-key-pair-generator/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Semantic Search Demo - Search Text by Meaning" description: "Try semantic search in your browser. Rank up to 50 English passages by meaning with local MiniLM embeddings, WebGPU, and a CPU fallback." url: https://candoya.com/tools/semantic-search-demo/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Semantic Search Demo Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is semantic search? Semantic search finds text by meaning rather than exact keyword overlap. This demo converts an English query and up to 50 short passages into local MiniLM embeddings, compares their direction with cosine similarity, and ranks the closest matches. Your text stays in the browser while the public model downloads separately. **This demo builds a temporary vector index in your browser.** Each non-empty line becomes one searchable passage. The model maps every passage and the query to a 384-number embedding, then the tool sorts the collection by cosine similarity. This is the retrieval step used before many retrieval-augmented generation systems, without the generation step or a server database. WebGPU accelerates compatible browsers. If it is unavailable, the same search continues through a WebAssembly CPU fallback. The first run downloads model and runtime files; only your text remains local. ## How to use it 1. **Add the collection** - Paste one short English passage per line, or load the keyboard example. 2. **Describe what you need** - Enter a natural-language query. It can use different words from the relevant passage. 3. **Build the index and search** - Run the model, then review passages ordered by their cosine similarity score. 4. **Refine and compare** - Change the query or passages, search again, and copy the ranked list when useful. ## Who it's for - **Product teams** testing whether natural-language help queries retrieve the right support snippets. - **Developers** learning how embeddings and cosine similarity power a small vector search index. - **Researchers and writers** finding conceptually related notes that use different vocabulary. - **RAG prototypers** checking retrieval quality before adding chunking, metadata filters, or generation. ## Expert note MiniLM truncates inputs after 256 word pieces, so retrieval quality is usually better when long documents are split into focused passages before indexing. The displayed percentage is cosine similarity clamped at zero, not a confidence probability. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded during semantic search? No. Your query and passages are processed inside a browser worker and are not sent to CanDoYa. On the first run, the browser separately downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and MiniLM model files from a CDN. Those assets may then be cached by your browser. ### Is this semantic search demo free? Yes. It is free to use without an account. The model runs on your device through WebGPU when available or through a WebAssembly CPU fallback, so there is no paid search API or hosted vector database behind the demo. ### How much text can I search? The interface accepts up to 50 non-empty lines and keeps the first 500 characters of each line. The MiniLM model itself truncates each input after roughly 256 word pieces. For larger collections, use chunking, persistent vector storage, and batched indexing. ### How does semantic search differ from keyword search? Keyword search rewards shared words or token patterns. Semantic search compares vector representations of meaning, so a query such as 'comfortable for long workdays' can retrieve a passage about an ergonomic keyboard even when the passage does not repeat the query exactly. ### What does the match percentage mean? It is cosine similarity between the normalized query and passage embeddings, displayed from 0 to 100 after negative values are clamped to zero. It is useful for ranking passages within this collection, but it is not a probability, factuality score, or universal relevance threshold. ### Does semantic search work offline? The first run needs a connection to download the model and Transformers.js runtime. A later run may work without a connection if the browser still has every required asset cached, but cache retention is controlled by the browser and is not guaranteed. ### Which languages does this demo support? The all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model used here is trained for English sentence embeddings, so the page labels the tool English only. Other languages may produce vectors, but their ranking quality is not reliably calibrated. A multilingual embedding model is a better choice for multilingual search. ## Related tools - [Text Similarity](https://candoya.com/tools/text-similarity/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Question Answering](https://candoya.com/tools/question-answering/) - [Text Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Sentence Counter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online sentence counter to count sentences with longest, shortest and average length stats. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Sentence Counter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a sentence counter? A sentence counter is a free tool that instantly tallies the sentences in your text and breaks them down by length and type - statements, questions and exclamations - using Unicode sentence-boundary rules. Paste or type and the totals update live, all in your browser, so even sensitive drafts stay private on your device. The counter runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript and the platform's Unicode-aware sentence segmenter, so your text never touches a server, there's no account, and there are no length limits beyond what your device can handle. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Type or paste your text into the box above. 2. **Read the counts** - Total sentences, average length, longest and shortest sentence update live as you type. 3. **Check the mix** - See how many are statements, questions and exclamations, then copy the text when you are done. ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** spotting run-on sentences and balancing pacing. - **Students** hitting an essay sentence count or showing variety in style. - **Teachers and ESL learners** grading or studying sentence patterns. - **Content marketers** tuning blog posts and ad copy for readability. ## Expert note We split sentences using the browser's Unicode-aware boundary rules (Intl.Segmenter), which correctly handle decimals like "3.14", ellipses and CJK punctuation - though abbreviations such as "Dr." and "e.g." can still cause an extra split, the one quirk worth knowing. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the sentence counter free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. Everything runs in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Sentences are counted locally in your browser; your text never leaves your device. ### How does it decide where a sentence ends? It uses your browser's built-in Unicode sentence segmentation (Intl.Segmenter), which handles period, question mark and exclamation across many scripts - including English, Chinese and Japanese - and ignores decimals and ellipses correctly. ### Does it count an incomplete final sentence? Yes. A trailing fragment without ending punctuation is counted as one sentence, since that's usually what the writer means. ### What counts as a question or an exclamation? Any sentence whose final non-space character is ?, ¿, ! or ¡. Everything else is counted as a statement. ### Does it handle paragraphs and bullet lists? Yes. Each paragraph or bulleted line counts as its own sentence even when the writer omits a final period, so unterminated lines aren't dropped from the total. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Sentiment Analysis Tool - Private On-Device AI" description: "Analyse text as negative, neutral, or positive with private on-device AI. See all three model scores with no text upload, account, or API key." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Sentiment Analysis Tool Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is sentiment analysis? Sentiment analysis classifies the overall attitude in text as negative, neutral, or positive. This tool runs a multilingual XLM-T model inside your browser and shows the score for every label. Your text stays on your device, although the public model downloads when you first run an analysis. **This sentiment analyser uses the Cardiff NLP XLM-T model**, an XLM-R system trained on roughly 198 million multilingual tweets and fine-tuned for sentiment in Arabic, English, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. The output labels mean unfavorable overall tone, no clear positive or negative lean, and favorable overall tone. They do not identify specific emotions, truth, urgency, or the writer's intent. The first analysis downloads quantized ONNX model weights plus tokenizer files, about 297 MB in total. A browser worker keeps inference off the main UI thread. WebGPU is preferred when available; the WebAssembly CPU backend is the slower fallback. Browsers normally cache the files, but private browsing, storage cleanup, or low disk space can trigger another download. ## How to use it 1. **Paste a useful sample** - Enter a review, comment, message, or social post. A complete sentence gives the model more context than one word. 2. **Run the local model** - Click Analyse sentiment. Allow the first model download to finish; later visits can reuse it while the browser cache remains available. 3. **Read all three scores** - Use the top label as a broad signal and compare its score with the alternatives. Close scores call for human review, not a firm conclusion. ## Who it's for - **Support teams** getting a quick first look at the tone of customer feedback before a person reviews the full message. - **Product researchers** comparing the broad sentiment of survey answers, app reviews, or interview notes without uploading unpublished text. - **Social and community managers** checking posts or comments in the eight languages used for the model's sentiment fine-tuning. - **Writers and editors** testing whether a short passage reads more favorably, neutrally, or negatively than intended. ## Expert note Sentiment is not the same as emotion or intent. The model learned from social posts, so a confident label can still miss sarcasm, negation, quoted speech, mixed praise and criticism, specialist jargon, or a language outside its eight fine-tuning languages. Never use one score alone for employment, health, safety, moderation, or other high-impact decisions. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Your text is sent to a worker inside your browser and the model runs on your device. The worker downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and model files from external hosts, but those requests do not contain your pasted text. CanDoYa does not receive or store the sample. ### Is this sentiment analysis tool free? Yes. There is no account, payment, API key, or analysis quota. Your device performs the work. The practical costs are the first model download, local browser storage, memory, and processing time. Your network provider may still charge for data used to download the model. ### How much text can I analyse? You can paste an ordinary passage, but the tool analyses at most the first 1,000 Unicode characters to keep browser inference predictable. The model tokenizer also truncates text to its input window. For long documents, analyse coherent sections separately instead of treating one overall label as a document summary. ### Which languages does the sentiment model support? Sentiment fine-tuning covered Arabic, English, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. The multilingual base model may return labels for other languages, but those results do not have the same task-specific training evidence. The page therefore marks other CanDoYa locales as approximate. ### What do negative, neutral, and positive mean? Negative means the model found an unfavorable overall tone. Neutral means it found no clear positive or negative lean. Positive means it found a favorable overall tone. These labels describe the whole submitted sample; they are not emotion categories and do not prove what the writer believes or intends. ### What do the model scores mean? The three scores rank negative, neutral, and positive for this input and normally sum to about 100 percent. They are useful for comparing the model's labels, but they are not guaranteed probabilities of correctness. A high score can still be wrong, especially when the text falls outside the training domain. ### Why is the first download about 297 MB? The tool uses quantized XLM-R ONNX weights of about 279 MB and tokenizer data of about 17 MB. That is much larger than a keyword list, but it captures contextual language patterns instead of merely counting positive and negative words. The browser normally caches these files after the first run. ### Does the analyser work without WebGPU? Yes. The worker first uses WebGPU when the browser and graphics adapter support it. If that path is unavailable or fails to start, the tool retries on the WebAssembly CPU backend. CPU analysis uses the same model and keeps text local, but loading and inference can take longer. ## Related tools - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Text Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Speech to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SEO Tools for Metadata, Sitemaps and URLs" description: "Prepare meta tags, Open Graph markup, sitemaps, robots.txt and campaign URLs. Browser tools for checking the details before publishing a page." url: https://candoya.com/tools/seo/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # SEO and web publishing tools Use these tools to prepare the details around a web page: its title and description, link-preview metadata, canonical URL, crawl instructions and sitemap entries. Meta Tag Generator and Open Graph Generator produce markup from the values you enter. SERP Snippet Preview lets you review the shape of a search listing. UTM Link Builder adds campaign parameters to a destination URL so a compatible analytics setup can distinguish that visit. Generated markup still needs to match the published page. A canonical URL should identify the version you want indexed, and a sitemap should contain reachable URLs you actually intend search engines to discover. Use robots.txt rules with care: preventing crawling does not reliably remove a URL that is already indexed. Check the finished file in the context of your own site before deploying it. Previews are approximations. Search engines may rewrite titles and descriptions, and social platforms have their own caching and display rules. Structured data describes visible content; it does not promise a special search result. Likewise, a sitemap helps discovery but does not guarantee indexing or ranking. After publishing, inspect the actual HTML and response behavior, then use the search engine's webmaster tools to see what was crawled and whether any errors were reported. ## SEO & Web tools - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/): Free breadcrumb schema generator that builds valid BreadcrumbList JSON-LD for Google rich results. No sign-up - runs in your browser. - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/): Free meta tag generator that builds SEO, Open Graph, and Twitter Card HTML from your page details. Live preview, no sign-up - runs in your browser. - [Open Graph Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/): Open Graph generator with a live social card preview, required-tag checks, and escaped HTML you can copy. Free and private in your browser. - [Robots.txt Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/robots-txt-generator/): Free robots.txt generator for valid crawler rules, Allow and Disallow paths, and sitemap URLs. Preview, copy, or download your file in the browser. - [SERP Snippet Preview](https://candoya.com/tools/serp-snippet-preview/): Free SERP snippet preview to test your title, URL, and meta description in desktop and mobile Google-style results. Live, private, and no sign-up. - [XML Sitemap Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sitemap-xml-generator/): Free XML sitemap generator for valid sitemap.xml files. Paste URLs, check errors, add optional metadata, then copy or download in your browser. - [Topical Map Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/): Free topical map generator: turn one seed topic into a pillar-and-cluster SEO content plan with intent labels. Instant, private, no sign-up. - [UTM Link Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/utm-link-builder/): Free UTM link builder for creating correctly encoded campaign URLs. Add source, medium, campaign, term, content, and ID tags instantly. - [URL Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/url-builder/): Free URL builder to combine a scheme, host, path, query parameters, and fragment into a correctly encoded link. Build and copy it in your browser. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SERP Snippet Preview - Google Search Simulator" description: "Free SERP snippet preview to test your title, URL, and meta description in desktop and mobile Google-style results. Live, private, and no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/serp-snippet-preview/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SERP Snippet Preview Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is a SERP snippet preview? A SERP snippet preview shows how a page title, URL, and meta description may look in an organic search result before you publish. Enter your draft to compare desktop and mobile layouts, spot likely truncation, and see matching query words in bold. The preview updates live in your browser. Search snippets have limited visual space, but Google does not use one fixed character cutoff. Letter width, device size, the search query, and Google's own title or description rewrites all affect the final result. This simulator combines a width-constrained preview with practical character ranges, so you can edit for clarity without treating a character count as a hard rule. The tool runs locally and does not fetch your page. Paste the exact title and meta description from your draft, or try alternatives before changing your site's HTML. ## How to use it 1. **Add the search details** - Enter the SEO title, meta description, page URL, and optional site name. 2. **Test the target query** - Type the search phrase you care about to bold exact matching words in the title and description. 3. **Compare device layouts** - Switch between desktop and mobile to see how the available line width changes the snippet. 4. **Refine and copy** - Use the length cues as guidance, improve the wording, then copy the preview text for review. ## Who it's for - **SEO specialists** comparing title and description drafts before a page update. - **Content editors** checking whether the main topic and benefit stay visible on smaller screens. - **Site owners** reviewing how a URL path and site name support trust in the result. - **Agencies** sharing a plain-text snippet draft with clients for approval. ## Expert note Optimize the first meaningful words, not only the final character count. Google may truncate or rewrite a snippet, so a title that identifies the page early usually survives display changes better than one that saves the topic for the end. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this SERP snippet preview free? Yes. The preview is free, has no sign-up, and does not limit how many title or description drafts you can test. ### Is my title or description uploaded? No. Your title, URL, description, and search query stay in your browser. The tool does not fetch the page or send your draft to a server. ### How long should an SEO title be? A practical drafting range is about 30 to 60 characters, but Google displays titles by available width rather than a fixed character total. Wide letters consume more room than narrow ones, and Google may rewrite the title for a specific query. ### How long should a meta description be? About 70 to 160 characters is a useful editing range for many pages. It is not a guaranteed cutoff. Search engines can show a different passage from the page when it answers the query better, and device width changes how much text appears. ### Will the preview look exactly like Google? No simulator can guarantee an exact match. Google changes its result design, tests layouts, and may replace supplied titles or descriptions. This preview reproduces the main spacing and truncation behavior so you can catch obvious problems before publishing. ### Why are search words bold in the preview? Search results often emphasize words that match the query. Add a target phrase to check whether important terms appear naturally in your draft. Bolding is only a visual aid and does not measure rankings or predict click-through rate. ## Related tools - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/) - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/) - [Topical Map Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/) - [Open Graph Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SHA-256 Hash Generator - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online SHA-256 hash generator. Hash any text or file to a 64-character digest instantly, as hex or Base64. No upload - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SHA-256 Hash Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a SHA-256 hash generator? A SHA-256 hash generator turns any text or file into a fixed 256-bit fingerprint, shown as 64 hexadecimal characters. The same input always produces the same digest, but the process is one-way, so you cannot recover the original from the hash. This tool computes it locally in your browser. Hashing runs as you type using your browser's native WebCrypto engine, so your text and files stay on your device and are never uploaded. Read the result as lower-case hex, upper-case hex or **Base64**, and paste a known checksum into the Verify box to confirm a download or a stored hash matches, without leaking anything to a server. ## How to use it 1. **Choose text or file** - Switch to Text to hash a string, or File to hash a local file - both are processed in your browser. 2. **Enter your input** - Type or paste the text, or pick a file. The SHA-256 hash updates the moment there is something to hash. 3. **Pick an encoding** - Read the digest as lower-case hex, upper-case hex or Base64, then copy it with one click. 4. **Verify (optional)** - Paste an expected SHA-256 checksum into the Verify box to see an instant Match or No match verdict. ## Who it's for - **Developers** generating a SHA-256 digest to store as a checksum, cache key or content fingerprint. - **Anyone verifying a download** by comparing the published SHA-256 checksum against the file they received. - **Security and DevOps work** - confirming a config, artifact or release hasn't changed byte for byte. - **Learning and debugging** - seeing exactly what SHA-256 produces for a given string or file. ## Expert note SHA-256 hashes the raw bytes of the input, so how text is encoded matters: this tool encodes to UTF-8 first, which is why "café" hashes differently from the plain ASCII "cafe". A file is hashed byte for byte, so its digest is identical to what sha256sum or a server-side library would report for the same file. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this SHA-256 tool free? Yes - it's completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Every hash is computed in your browser, so you can generate as many as you like. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. Your text and any file you choose are hashed locally in your browser with the native WebCrypto API and never sent to a server, so even sensitive input stays private. ### Can a SHA-256 hash be decrypted or reversed? No. SHA-256 is a one-way hash, not encryption, so there is no key that turns the digest back into the original. Tools that claim to "decrypt" it are really just looking the value up in a table of precomputed hashes. ### How long is a SHA-256 hash? A SHA-256 digest is always 256 bits, which is 32 bytes. Written as hexadecimal that is 64 characters, and as Base64 it is 44 characters. The length never changes, no matter how large the input is. ### Why does the same text sometimes give a different hash elsewhere? Almost always because of encoding or hidden characters. A trailing newline, a space, or a different text encoding changes the input bytes and therefore the hash. This tool hashes your input as UTF-8, exactly as it appears in the box. ### Is SHA-256 still secure? Yes. SHA-256, part of the SHA-2 family, has no known practical collision or preimage attack and is widely used in TLS, Bitcoin and software signing. For password storage, use a slow algorithm like bcrypt or Argon2 instead - a raw SHA-256 is too fast. ### Can I hash a file with this tool? Yes. Switch to File mode and choose a file; it is read and hashed in your browser, so nothing is uploaded. The result matches the SHA-256 you would get from sha256sum or certutil on the same file. ## Related tools - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SHA-384 Hash Generator for Text and Files" description: "Generate a SHA-384 hash from text or a file in your browser. Copy a 96-character hex or Base64 digest and compare checksums privately." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sha-384-hash/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SHA-384 Hash Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a SHA-384 hash generator? A SHA-384 hash generator turns text or file bytes into a fixed 384-bit fingerprint. In hexadecimal, the result is always 96 characters long. Use it to create or verify checksums when a specification calls for SHA-384. This tool performs the calculation locally with your browser's Web Crypto engine. Enter UTF-8 text for an instant digest, or choose a file to hash its exact bytes. You can switch between lower-case hex, upper-case hex, and Base64 without recalculating. The optional comparison field checks a pasted hexadecimal digest without making you inspect all 96 characters by eye. **Your input stays in this tab.** Text and files are processed locally. SHA-384 is a one-way digest, not encryption and not a password-storage function. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the input type** - Keep Text selected for UTF-8 text, or switch to File for a byte-for-byte local file digest. 2. **Provide the input** - Type, paste, load the example, or choose a file. Text hashes update live; files are read only in your browser. 3. **Select an output** - Use lower-case hex, upper-case hex, or Base64. A hexadecimal SHA-384 digest always contains 96 characters. 4. **Copy or compare** - Copy the result, or open Compare hash and paste an expected hexadecimal checksum for a match verdict. ## Who it's for - **Release verification** - compare a downloaded artifact with a publisher's SHA-384 checksum. - **Subresource Integrity** - produce the digest bytes used by a `sha384-` integrity value after Base64 encoding. - **Protocol testing** - create known digests for TLS, signature, or interoperability fixtures that specify SHA-384. - **Change detection** - fingerprint text, configuration, or binary files so any byte-level change produces a different result. ## Expert note SHA-384 is not simply a SHA-512 string cut to 384 bits. FIPS 180-4 specifies different initial values before the SHA-512-style compression and then keeps the leftmost 384 output bits. That distinction is why truncating a SHA-512 digest will not reproduce SHA-384. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text or file uploaded? No. The browser reads your input and computes the digest locally with Web Crypto. This page does not upload the text, file, or resulting hash to calculate it. ### Is this SHA-384 hash generator free? Yes. You can hash text and files, change the output encoding, copy results, and compare hexadecimal checksums without an account or usage limit. ### What file size can I hash? The practical limit is your browser's available memory because Web Crypto must receive the whole file at once. Small and moderate files work well; for multi-gigabyte files, use a streaming command-line tool instead. ### How long is a SHA-384 hash? A SHA-384 digest is 384 bits, or 48 bytes. It is 96 characters in hexadecimal and 64 characters in standard Base64. The length stays fixed regardless of the input size. ### Can SHA-384 be decrypted? No. SHA-384 is a one-way hash rather than encryption, so there is no decryption key. A lookup service may recognize a common input from a precomputed table, but it does not reverse the algorithm. ### Why does my SHA-384 hash differ from another tool? A trailing newline, an invisible space, different line endings, or a different character encoding changes the input bytes. Text here is encoded as UTF-8, while file mode hashes the file's bytes exactly. ### Should I use SHA-384 for passwords? No. SHA-384 is deliberately fast, which makes repeated password guesses cheap. Use a password-hashing algorithm designed to be slow and salted, such as Argon2id, scrypt, bcrypt, or PBKDF2. ### What is the difference between SHA-384 and HMAC-SHA-384? Plain SHA-384 creates a public fingerprint anyone can recompute. HMAC-SHA-384 also uses a secret key, so it can authenticate a message. Do not replace HMAC with a hand-built hash of a key and message. ## Related tools - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [File Hash Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/file-hash/) - [HMAC Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/hmac-generator/) - [PBKDF2 Derive](https://candoya.com/tools/pbkdf2-derive/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Shades and Tints Generator - HEX Mix Table" description: "Generate shades and tints from a HEX color at exact white and black percentages. Compare swatches, copy colors, and download CSS or JSON in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/shades-and-tints-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Shades and Tints Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What does a shades and tints generator do? A shades and tints generator mixes a base color with white to make lighter tints and with black to make darker shades. This tool pairs each mix percentage in a table, preserving your original HEX color. Choose the interval, copy individual swatches, or export the complete palette as CSS, JSON, or labeled HEX. The percentages describe **how much white or black is added**, not opacity or a design-system shade number. A 20% tint is 80% base color and 20% white. All results are solid, opaque colors calculated from the encoded sRGB channels. For each red, green, or blue channel `c` and mix fraction `p`, a tint is `round(c × (1 - p) + 255 × p)`; a shade is `round(c × (1 - p))`. For example, #336699 at 20% white becomes #5c85ad, and at 20% black becomes #29527a. For a perceptual, numbered interface scale, use [Color Shades for Figma](/tools/color-shades-for-figma/). To explore complementary or analogous hues, use the [Color Palette Generator](/tools/color-palette-generator/). This table focuses on reproducible white and black mixing recipes. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a base HEX color** - Paste a 3- or 6-digit HEX value, choose a color with the picker, or load the example. 2. **Choose a percentage interval** - Use 20% steps for a compact table or 5% steps for finer comparisons. Each row adds that percentage of white on the left and black on the right. 3. **Copy or export** - Click a swatch to copy its HEX. Choose CSS variables, JSON with percentages, or a labeled HEX list to copy or download the entire table. ## Who it's for - **Brand designers** documenting exact white and black mixtures alongside a source color. - **Frontend developers** exporting percentage-labeled CSS values for borders, fills, and interaction states. - **Design students** comparing the effect of the same added percentage on lighter and darker colors. ## Expert note A 50% white mix of black is #808080 here, not the brighter result from linear-light sRGB. Equal channel-mix intervals are not equal perceptual lightness steps. Keep the chosen mixing space consistent when reproducing this table in other software. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my colors uploaded? No. HEX parsing, color mixing, and export creation run in your browser. Your entered colors are not sent to a processing server. ### Is the shades and tints generator free? Yes. All mixing intervals, individual color copies, and complete palette exports are free and require no account. ### How many tints and shades can I generate? Choose 5%, 10%, 20%, or 25% increments. These produce 20, 10, 5, or 4 tints and the same number of shades, plus your original color. Every table includes 100% white and 100% black. You can generate as many tables as you need. ### What is the difference between a tint, shade, and tone? A tint mixes a color with white, a shade mixes it with black, and a tone mixes it with gray. This tool generates tints and shades in encoded sRGB. It does not simulate physical paint, whose results depend on the pigments and materials. ### Why do some rows have the same HEX value? White mixed with white stays white, and black mixed with black stays black. Near those endpoints, rounding to 8-bit channels can also repeat a HEX value. The table keeps these rows because their percentages still describe different mixing recipes. ### Can I reproduce a tint with CSS color-mix()? Yes. For example, color-mix(in srgb, #336699 80%, white 20%) uses the same mixing space and ratio as the 20% tint. This tool rounds its output to 8-bit HEX, while the browser may retain greater precision internally. Specify srgb explicitly when matching these results. ### Do the generated colors guarantee accessible contrast? No. A mixing percentage does not guarantee enough contrast between two palette colors. Check the actual foreground and background pair with a contrast checker. The black or white labels on this page are chosen for readability on their own swatches. ## Related tools - [Color Mixer](https://candoya.com/tools/color-mixer/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Shades for Figma](https://candoya.com/tools/color-shades-for-figma/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Sign PDF Online with a Drawn Signature" description: "Sign a PDF online by drawing and placing your signature on any page. Download the signed copy without uploading the document or creating an account." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Sign PDF Online Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How can I sign a PDF online? Add your PDF, draw a signature with a mouse, stylus, trackpad, or finger, then click the page where it belongs. Adjust its width and download the signed copy. The document and signature stay in your browser. This creates a visible electronic signature, not a certificate-based digital signature. This PDF signer places your handwritten mark as a transparent image without flattening every page into a screenshot. **Existing text and vectors remain intact**, though the PDF bytes are rewritten when the new copy is saved. The tool is designed for adding your own visible signature to an unencrypted document. It does not request signatures from other people, prove who signed, add an audit trail, or issue a cryptographic certificate. ## How to use it 1. **Add the PDF** - Choose or drop one unencrypted PDF. The browser opens it locally and renders the selected page for placement. 2. **Draw your signature** - Write in the signature pad with a mouse, trackpad, stylus, or finger. Clear it and try again if needed. 3. **Choose the page and position** - Move between pages, click the preview where the signature belongs, and use the width slider to resize it. 4. **Download the signed copy** - Apply the signature, inspect the result, and save the new PDF. Keep the unsigned original when records matter. ## Who it's for - **Freelancers and clients** signing a simple approval, statement of work, or project confirmation. - **Remote teams** adding a visible sign-off to an internal form without sending the file to a conversion server. - **Students and families** completing permission slips and routine PDF forms from a phone or laptop. - **Administrative staff** placing a handwritten mark on a working copy while keeping the original document available. ## Expert note A drawn mark and a digital signature are different PDF features. This tool embeds a transparent PNG for visible intent. A certificate-based digital signature also binds signer credentials and a cryptographic digest to document bytes. If a workflow requires identity checks, tamper evidence, witnesses, or an audit trail, use a dedicated signing service. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF and signature uploaded? No. The browser reads the PDF, renders its pages, crops the drawn signature, and writes the downloadable copy on your device. CanDoYa does not receive either file. The page loads its PDF libraries as site assets, but signing does not post your document to a processing server. ### Is this PDF signer free? Yes. You can draw, place, and download a visible signature without an account, payment, watermark, or task quota. The tool handles one PDF and one signature placement at a time. Browser memory and the fixed 100 MB and 1,000-page safety limits still apply. ### What PDF size and page limits apply? The input can be up to 100 MB and 1,000 pages. PDF editing may temporarily use several times the source size because the browser holds the input, page preview, signature image, and output. Large files often work better on a laptop than on a memory-constrained phone. ### Is a drawn PDF signature legally binding? It can show intent, but legal effect depends on the document, consent, identity evidence, process, and local law. This tool does not verify the signer or produce an audit trail. For high-value contracts, regulated forms, or disputed transactions, use a suitable signing service and obtain legal advice. ### What is the difference between an electronic and digital signature? An electronic signature is a broad way to show agreement, including a drawn or typed mark. A digital signature is a cryptographic PDF feature that uses a certificate to identify a signer and reveal later changes. This tool adds the first kind as a visible image; it does not issue certificates. ### Can I sign a password-protected PDF? Not directly. The tool rejects encrypted PDFs because it does not ask for or store document passwords. If you are authorized to edit the file, open it with the correct password in trusted software, save an unencrypted working copy, and add that copy to the signer. ### Will the PDF text and image quality stay intact? The signature is added as a transparent image on the chosen page. Other pages are not rasterized, and existing text and vectors are not deliberately recompressed. The saved file can still differ in size or internal structure, so inspect the downloaded copy before sending or archiving it. ### Will this preserve an existing digital signature? Do not assume so. Adding another visible mark changes the PDF bytes and can invalidate a certificate-based signature that covered the earlier version. Keep the original signed file unchanged. If a document already has cryptographic signatures, use a signing workflow designed for incremental certified updates. ## Related tools - [Add PDF Page Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-page-numbers-to-pdf/) - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Split PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [PDF to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Signature Pad Online - Draw and Download PNG" description: "Use this signature pad online to draw with a mouse, finger, or stylus, then copy or download a cropped transparent PNG. Nothing is uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/signature-pad/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Signature Pad Online Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## What is an online signature pad? An online signature pad lets you draw a handwritten signature with a mouse, trackpad, finger, or stylus and save it as an image. This pad smooths your strokes, crops away unused space, and exports a transparent PNG locally, so the signature can sit cleanly over a PDF, document, or form. Choose an ink color and pen width, then sign naturally in the large drawing area. You can undo the latest stroke, clear the whole pad, copy the result when your browser supports image clipboard access, or download it as a transparent PNG without an account. ## How to use it 1. **Set the pen** - Choose an ink color and a comfortable stroke width before you begin. 2. **Draw your signature** - Use a mouse, trackpad, finger, or stylus inside the pad. Lift and start again for each separate stroke. 3. **Correct it** - Undo the latest stroke or clear the pad and try again until the signature looks right. 4. **Export the image** - Copy the PNG or download a tightly cropped transparent file for use in a document. ## Who it's for - **Office workers** can make a reusable transparent signature image for Word, Google Docs, and form fields. - **Freelancers** can add a handwritten mark to proposals, invoices, and approval sheets. - **Tablet and phone users** can sign naturally with a finger or stylus instead of drawing with a trackpad. - **Designers** can create an ink-style name mark for a mockup, letter, or personal graphic. ## Expert note Transparent export matters because a white rectangle around the signature will cover lines and text beneath it. This pad also crops to the actual stroke bounds with a small margin, which makes the result easier to size and position than a full-canvas screenshot. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my signature uploaded or stored? No. Pointer input, canvas rendering, cropping, copying, and PNG creation happen in your browser. CanDoYa does not receive or store the signature image, although normal site analytics may record that you visited the page. ### Is the online signature pad free? Yes. You can draw, undo, clear, copy, and download signatures without an account, payment, watermark, or usage counter. The practical limit is the memory and input support available in your browser. ### What file format does the signature pad create? It creates a PNG image with a transparent background. The file is cropped around the visible ink with a small margin, so it is ready to place over a signature line in a compatible document editor. ### Can I draw a signature on my phone or tablet? Yes. The pad uses browser pointer events, which work with a finger, stylus, mouse, or trackpad on current browsers. The page also prevents normal touch scrolling while you are actively drawing inside the canvas. ### Can I undo only the latest part of my signature? Yes. Each continuous pen-down gesture is saved as one stroke. Undo removes the newest stroke while keeping everything drawn before it. Clear removes all strokes and returns the pad to its empty state. ### Does this create a legally binding electronic signature? The tool creates an image of your handwritten mark; it does not verify identity, record consent, or add a cryptographic certificate. Whether that image is sufficient depends on the document, parties, workflow, and law that apply to your situation. ### Why does the downloaded image have no white background? PNG supports transparency, so only the ink and a small clear margin are exported. This helps the signature sit over document text or a signature line without covering the area with a visible white box. ## Related tools - [PDF Signer](https://candoya.com/tools/sign-pdf/) - [Image Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/image-cropper/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Add Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Remove Silence from Video Online for Free" description: "Remove silence from video online with adjustable pause detection and reviewable cuts. Export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/silent-section-trimmer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Remove Silence from Video Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you remove silence from a video? To remove silence from a video, scan its audio for quiet stretches, review the detected pauses, and export the selected cuts. This tool lets you adjust the volume threshold, minimum pause length, and edge padding before it creates a synchronized MP4 entirely inside your browser. The default settings target the dead air common in talking-head videos and screen recordings. Raise the **silence threshold** when steady room noise hides pauses, or lower it when quiet speech is being mistaken for silence. Each detected range stays selectable, so you can preserve a deliberate pause instead of accepting an all-or-nothing edit. Analysis and export use a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg in this tab. Export re-encodes the kept audio and video sections together as H.264 video with AAC audio, which keeps jump cuts synchronized and produces a broadly playable MP4. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop in a video with an audio track, or create the short sample recording. 2. **Tune the detector** - Set the quiet-volume threshold, minimum pause length, and padding kept around each cut. 3. **Review the cuts** - Analyze the audio, then select or keep each detected silent section before export. 4. **Export the result** - Remove the selected silence locally, preview the shortened MP4, and download it. ## Who it's for - **Course creators** can tighten tutorials by removing waits between explanations and on-screen actions. - **Podcasters and interviewers** can cut dead air from video recordings without uploading private conversations. - **Meeting hosts** can shorten long pauses before sharing a recording or preparing a transcript. - **Creators** can turn a slow talking-head take into a faster rough cut while keeping chosen pauses for pacing. ## Expert note A silence threshold is not voice detection: air conditioners, keyboard clicks, or music can sit above the threshold and prevent a cut. Use the detected list as a rough-cut plan, keep 50 to 150 milliseconds of padding for natural word endings, and preview important recordings before publishing. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded to remove silence? No. The source video is read and processed inside your browser tab. The FFmpeg WebAssembly engine downloads when first needed, but the video itself is not uploaded to CanDoYa, stored in an account, or sent to a processing server. Clearing the tool also removes its local preview URLs. ### Is the silence remover free and watermark-free? Yes. You can analyze a video, review the detected pauses, export the result, and download it without payment, an account, a credit limit, or a watermark. Practical limits depend on the memory, speed, and codec support available on your device. ### How large a video can I process? The tool uses a conservative limit based on the device: about 100 MB on phones and lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and up to 500 MB on high-memory computers. Browser video processing needs extra working memory, so long 4K recordings are better handled in desktop software. ### What silence threshold should I use? Start at -40 dB. Raise the threshold toward -30 dB when background noise prevents pauses from being detected. Lower it toward -50 dB when soft speech or breaths are being cut. The threshold measures audio level, so it does not know whether a quiet sound is intentional. ### Why keep padding around a silent cut? Padding preserves a short quiet margin on each side of a detected section. Without it, cuts can feel abrupt or clip consonants, breaths, and room tone at speech boundaries. About 0.08 seconds is a practical starting point, but slower speech may benefit from a little more. ### Will the video and audio stay synchronized? Yes. The export applies the same time ranges to both tracks, resets each kept segment to a common starting timestamp, and joins the segments in order. Both tracks are then encoded together into one MP4, avoiding the drift that can happen when audio is shortened separately. ### Why was no silence detected? The recording may contain constant room noise, music, or compression hiss above the current threshold, or its pauses may be shorter than the minimum duration. Try a higher threshold or shorter minimum pause. A video also needs a readable audio track for silence detection to work. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Split Video by Time](https://candoya.com/tools/split-video-by-time/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "XML Sitemap Generator - Create Sitemap.xml" description: "Free XML sitemap generator for valid sitemap.xml files. Paste URLs, check errors, add optional metadata, then copy or download in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sitemap-xml-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free XML Sitemap Generator Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is an XML sitemap generator? An XML sitemap generator turns a list of website URLs into a sitemap.xml file that search engines can read. Paste your canonical pages, review same-origin and URL checks, then copy or download standards-compliant XML. Optional last modified, change frequency, and priority values stay under your control. This generator follows the Sitemap protocol 0.9 structure: one ``, one `` entry per page, and a required `` value. It normalizes complete web URLs, percent-encodes non-ASCII paths, escapes XML characters in query strings, removes duplicates, and flags mixed origins before export. The tool builds XML from URLs you already know. It does not crawl your site or decide which pages should be indexed. Include canonical, indexable pages you want search engines to discover, then upload the file to your site and submit its URL through the search engine tools you use. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your URLs** - Enter one complete http:// or https:// page URL per line. Keep all entries on the same origin. 2. **Choose accurate metadata** - Optionally add a real last modified date, change frequency, or relative priority. Leave hints out when you cannot maintain them. 3. **Review the checks** - Fix invalid and mixed-origin URLs. Duplicate entries and removed fragments appear as review notes. 4. **Copy or download sitemap.xml** - Export the valid XML, upload it to your site, and reference or submit the sitemap URL to search engines. ## Who it's for - **Static site owners** turning a route list into a ready-to-upload sitemap.xml file. - **Developers** checking generated URLs and XML escaping before a release. - **SEO specialists** preparing focused sitemaps for migrations, launches, or manual audits. - **Small businesses** creating a sitemap without installing a CMS plugin or desktop crawler. ## Expert note A trustworthy `` value describes when each page actually changed, not when the sitemap was generated. Search engines may ignore repeatedly inaccurate dates, so omission is better than stamping every URL with today by default. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this XML sitemap generator free? Yes. The XML sitemap generator is free to use with no account or sign-up. Paste your URLs, add optional metadata, and copy or download the generated sitemap.xml file as often as you need. ### Are my sitemap URLs uploaded? No. URL validation and XML generation run locally in your browser. The list you paste is not sent to a server, so private staging routes and planned page lists stay on your device. ### How many URLs can one XML sitemap contain? The Sitemap protocol allows up to 50,000 URLs in one sitemap file, and the uncompressed file must be no larger than 50 MB. For a larger site, split the URLs across multiple sitemap files and list them in a sitemap index. ### Does this sitemap generator crawl my website? No. This tool converts the URL list you paste and makes no network requests to crawl pages. A crawler can discover links automatically, while this generator is useful when you already have a route export, canonical URL list, or migration inventory. ### Do I need changefreq and priority in sitemap.xml? No. The location tag is the only required value for each URL. Change frequency and priority are optional hints, and major search engines may ignore them. Include them only when they help your own workflow; accurate URLs and last modified dates matter more. ### Can one sitemap contain URLs from multiple domains? No. A standard sitemap should contain URLs from one origin. This generator flags a different scheme, hostname, or port so it cannot be exported by accident. Create and host a separate sitemap for each origin. ### Where should I put sitemap.xml? Upload the file where your site can serve it, commonly at https://example.com/sitemap.xml. A sitemap normally covers URLs at or below its directory. You can then reference the complete sitemap URL in robots.txt and submit it in Google Search Console or Bing Webmaster Tools. ## Related tools - [Robots.txt Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/robots-txt-generator/) - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/) - [Open Graph Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/open-graph-generator/) - [SERP Snippet Preview](https://candoya.com/tools/serp-snippet-preview/) - [UTM Link Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/utm-link-builder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Slogan Generator - Free Tagline Ideas" description: "Generate catchy slogan and tagline ideas free online. Type a keyword, pick a style, and get dozens of ready-to-use slogans for your business, brand or campaign. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/slogan-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Slogan Generator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a slogan generator? A slogan generator turns a keyword into ready-to-use taglines by slotting it into proven advertising phrasing, so from a word like coffee you get lines such as Just coffee it., The future of coffee. or Coffee. Simplified. You pick the style and how many to see, then copy the ones you like. This one runs entirely in your browser. Type one keyword (say *coffee*) and the generator slots it into curated English slogan templates: a catchy hook (Just coffee it., Think coffee.), a professional line (The future of coffee., Powered by coffee.), a playful phrase (Life is better with coffee.) or a minimal tagline (Coffee. Simplified.). Every pick is made with the browser's **Web Crypto random number generator** using rejection sampling, so no template is quietly favored over another and nothing is sent to a server. Choose a style to steer the vibe or leave it on Mixed for variety, and set how many lines you want at once, up to fifty. Leave the keyword blank and it draws from a curated pool of broadly usable words so you still get complete slogans to react to. Because a good slogan is short, memorable and easy to say, these are meant as starting points: copy the ones that fit, then trim, tweak and read them aloud before you commit. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a keyword** - Type the main word your slogan should be about, such as coffee, fitness or travel. It becomes the heart of every line. 2. **Pick a style** - Choose Mixed for variety, Catchy for punchy hooks, Professional for a trustworthy line, Playful for a fun angle, or Minimal for a short clean tagline. 3. **Set how many** - Choose how many slogans to see at once, up to fifty. Press Regenerate any time for a fresh batch and every input change re-rolls automatically. 4. **Copy and refine** - Copy a single slogan or the whole list, then trim and read your favorites aloud. The best tagline is usually a light edit of an idea the tool sparked. ## Who it's for - **Small business owners** who want a short, memorable tagline for a shop, service or menu without hiring a copywriter. - **Startups and brands** looking for a launch line or a positioning phrase to test on a landing page. - **Marketers running a campaign** who need a batch of angles fast to brainstorm and A/B test. - **Students and event teams** writing a slogan for a project, club, poster or fundraiser. - **Anyone staring at a blank page** who needs dozens of fresh directions to break the block and find a keeper. ## Expert note A slogan earns its keep in three or four words, so favor the shortest lines that still say something. Read every candidate aloud: a tagline lives in the ear, not on the page, and the ones that trip your tongue are out no matter how clever they look. Treat these results as raw clay - the generator's job is to break the blank page and hand you angles, then a one-word swap or a dropped article often turns a decent line into the one you keep. Say it, shorten it, own it. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this slogan generator free? Yes, completely free with no sign-up, no ads to unlock and no limits. Everything runs in your browser, so you can generate as many slogans as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### Can I use these slogans for my business? Yes, the ideas are yours to use, edit and build on. Because slogans are generated from common phrasing patterns, always read your favorite aloud and do a quick web and trademark search before you use it publicly, to be sure it is not already taken. ### How does it create the slogans? It slots your keyword into curated English slogan templates grouped by style - catchy, professional, playful and minimal. Picks are made with the browser's cryptographic random source, so no template is favored and you get a varied batch each time. ### What if I do not have a keyword yet? Leave the keyword blank and generate. The tool draws from a curated pool of broadly usable words like coffee, travel and energy, so you still get complete, real slogans to react to and adapt. ### How many slogans can I generate? Up to fifty at a time, and you can press Regenerate for a fresh batch as often as you like. Changing the keyword, style or count re-rolls the list automatically. ### What makes a good slogan? Keep it short, make it easy to say, and tie it to one clear idea. The strongest taglines are three or four words and read well aloud. Use these results as starting points, then trim and tweak until one clicks. ### Do the slogans work in my language? The template phrasing is English (word order, connecting words like the and of), so the results read as English taglines. That suits brands aiming at a global audience, but the lines are not translated into other languages. ## Related tools - [Business Name Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-name-generator/) - [Username Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/username-generator/) - [Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/lorem-ipsum-generator/) - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Smart Quotes Converter - Curly or Straight" description: "Smart quotes converter for curly and straight quotation marks. Fix pasted text for publishing, code or JSON instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/smart-quotes-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Smart Quotes Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What does a smart quotes converter do? A smart quotes converter changes curly quotation marks into plain straight quotes, or turns straight quotes into typographic opening and closing marks. Paste text, choose the direction and copy the live result. The conversion runs in your browser, so drafts, code and document excerpts are not uploaded. Curly quotes look polished in articles, books and marketing copy, while straight ASCII quotes are safer in source code, JSON, CSV and plain-text systems. This converter handles both jobs without changing your words, spacing or line breaks. Choose all quotes or limit the pass to double or single marks when a document mixes styles on purpose. The straight-to-smart mode uses nearby letters, spaces and punctuation to choose opening and closing marks. Apostrophes inside contractions and possessives become closing single marks, while common shortened forms such as '90s receive an apostrophe instead of an opening quote. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the direction** - Select Smart to straight for ASCII-compatible text, or Straight to smart for typographic punctuation. 2. **Pick the quote scope** - Convert every quote, only double quotation marks or only single quotes and apostrophes. 3. **Paste or type your text** - The converted version appears live beside the original, with separate counts for double and single marks. 4. **Copy or reverse the result** - Copy the finished text, or choose Use output to place it back in the editor and switch conversion direction. ## Who it's for - **Developers** removing curly marks that can break JSON, code strings, command examples or exact text comparisons. - **Editors and publishers** typesetting straight keyboard quotes before a draft moves into a CMS or page layout. - **Writers** standardizing apostrophes and quotation marks after combining text from Word, email, notes and web pages. - **Data teams** cleaning pasted CSV fields and exports while leaving the rest of each value untouched. ## Expert note Prime symbols are not quotation marks, so the converter leaves the dedicated foot and inch characters U+2032 and U+2033 untouched. In straight-to-smart mode, an unpaired quote immediately after a number is also preserved as a likely measurement mark. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Quote conversion happens locally with JavaScript in your browser. The pasted text is not sent to a server, so you can use the tool for unpublished drafts, internal notes, code samples and other text you would rather keep on your device. ### Is the smart quotes converter free? Yes. The converter is free to use without an account, download or usage limit. Paste your text, select a direction and copy the result. There is no paid conversion step and no sign-up gate. ### How much text can I convert at once? There is no fixed character limit. Conversion is a lightweight pass through the text and works well for long articles or document excerpts. The practical limit depends on your browser memory and how much text remains comfortable to review in one editor. ### What is the difference between smart quotes and straight quotes? Smart quotes are directional Unicode characters with distinct opening and closing forms. Straight quotes are the plain ASCII characters available on a keyboard. Smart quotes suit polished prose, while straight quotes are often required by programming languages, JSON, CSV and older plain-text systems. ### Can it convert straight quotes to curly quotes? Yes. Select Straight to smart and the tool uses surrounding spaces, letters and punctuation to choose opening or closing curly marks. It also recognizes apostrophes inside contractions, possessives and common shortened forms such as '90s. ### Will smart quotes break JSON or code? They can. JSON and most programming languages require straight ASCII quotation marks as string delimiters. A curly mark that looks similar can cause a parser or compiler error. Convert code-like text to straight quotes, then review the result before running it. ### Does it change apostrophes inside words? Yes, when single quotes are included. Smart-to-straight mode changes curly apostrophes to ASCII apostrophes. Straight-to-smart mode changes marks inside words into typographic apostrophes, so contractions such as don't and possessives such as Sam's keep their meaning. ### Does it change foot and inch marks? Dedicated Unicode prime and double-prime symbols are preserved. The converter also keeps an unpaired straight mark after a number when it looks like a measurement. If a document uses quotation marks as approximate measurement symbols inside dialogue, review that uncommon case manually. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Find and Replace](https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Snake Case Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free snake case converter for text, camelCase, PascalCase and messy identifiers. Convert live to snake_case or SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE." url: https://candoya.com/tools/snake-case-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Snake Case Converter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a snake case converter? A snake case converter turns text or code-style names into underscore-separated identifiers like user_profile_url. Paste a phrase, camelCase, PascalCase, kebab-case or mixed punctuation and the result updates live. It also handles bulk lines and can switch to SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE for constants. This converter runs **entirely in your browser**, so pasted code, database fields and private notes are not uploaded. It splits common identifier boundaries such as `HTTPServerError`, `customerProfileURL` and `invoice-total`, then normalizes repeated separators into one underscore. Unicode letters stay intact by default for localized identifiers, and strict ASCII mode folds Latin accents when a system only accepts plain `a-z`, `0-9` and underscores. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Enter a phrase, list of labels or existing identifiers. Each input line becomes one output line. 2. **Choose the case** - Keep the default snake_case output or switch to SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE for constants and environment variables. 3. **Pick character handling** - Leave Unicode letters on for multilingual text, or turn it off when you need strict ASCII identifiers. 4. **Copy the result** - Use Copy to grab the converted identifier or the full converted column. ## Who it's for - **Developers** renaming variables, functions, API fields or config keys before pasting them into Python, Ruby, Rust, SQL or Terraform. - **Data teams** cleaning spreadsheet headers into stable column names that survive imports and exports. - **Product teams** turning event names, feature flags and analytics labels into predictable identifiers. - **Writers of docs** creating examples that match code-style naming conventions without manual cleanup. ## Expert note The converter splits acronym runs before title-case words, so `HTTPServerError` becomes `http_server_error` instead of the noisy `h_t_t_p_server_error`. That small rule makes copied class names and API fields much easier to clean up in one pass. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this snake case converter free? Yes. The tool is free, does not require sign-up and has no practical line limit for normal browser use. Paste one value or a whole column and convert it instantly. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Conversion happens locally in your browser. Your identifiers, internal field names, API payloads and draft text stay on your device. ### What does snake_case mean? snake_case is a naming style where words are lowercase and separated with underscores, such as `customer_profile_url`. It is common in Python, Ruby, Rust, databases, file names and many API conventions. ### Can it convert camelCase or PascalCase? Yes. It detects common case boundaries, so `customerProfileURL` becomes `customer_profile_url` and `HTTPServerError` becomes `http_server_error`. ### What is SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE for? SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE is the uppercase variant, usually used for constants, enum values and environment variables such as `API_BASE_URL`. Use the SCREAMING mode when the destination style expects uppercase identifiers. ### Does it support accents and non-English text? Yes. Unicode letters are kept by default, so words in Cyrillic, Greek, Hindi, Chinese and other scripts are preserved when they are separated by spaces or punctuation. Turn Unicode off only when you need strict ASCII output. ### Can I convert many names at once? Yes. Paste one value per line and the tool returns one converted identifier per line in the same order, which is handy for spreadsheet headers, database columns and bulk code cleanup. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Creator Tools for Audio, Video and Sharing" description: "Trim audio and video, prepare captions, record clips and create profile QR codes. Browser tools for creators with local media processing." url: https://candoya.com/tools/social/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Social and creator tools Creator work often involves a small change between recording something and sharing it. Trim an audio clip, remove sound from a video, extract a frame for a thumbnail or adjust a subtitle file. Profile QR Code turns a public profile link into a scannable image. These tools focus on individual steps, so you can choose the task you need without setting up a full editing project. Media support depends on both the file container and the codec inside it. Two files with an MP4 extension can behave differently in the same browser. Re-encoding can change quality and take time, especially for long recordings or high-resolution footage. Keep the original, try a short clip first and play the exported file before publishing. Microphone, camera and screen recording also require the permissions appropriate to that task. Some tools download a speech or image model before processing locally. The initial download can be substantial, and a phone may have less memory available than a desktop. Transcripts, captions, summaries and other model outputs need review: names, numbers, background noise and unfamiliar languages can lead to mistakes. A generated caption is a useful draft, but checking it against the original recording is part of preparing it for an audience. ## Social & Creator tools - [Depth Estimation](https://candoya.com/tools/depth-estimation/): Estimate relative scene depth from a photo with on-device AI. Create and download a private color depth map with WebGPU or CPU fallback. - [Hand Tracking](https://candoya.com/tools/hand-tracking/): Detect hand landmarks in a photo with on-device AI. Inspect 21 points per hand, preview finger connections, and download annotated images or JSON. - [Image Captioner](https://candoya.com/tools/image-captioner/): Generate editable image captions with private on-device AI. Get three English descriptions with no image upload, account, or usage credits. - [Image-to-Image Search](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-image-search/): Find similar images in your own photo collection with local AI. Choose a reference, compare up to 30 pictures, and export ranked results without uploading files. - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/): Extract keywords from text with private, on-device AI. Rank English words and phrases by semantic relevance, then copy or export results. - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/): Identify the language of text with private on-device AI. Compare the top three matches across 20 languages with no text upload or sign-up. - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/): Find people, organizations, locations, and other named entities with private on-device NER. Highlight text and export grouped results as CSV. - [Handwriting and Print OCR](https://candoya.com/tools/ocr-handwriting-print/): Turn a cropped English handwriting or print line into editable text with private on-device AI OCR. No image upload, account, or API key. - [Object Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/object-detection/): Detect objects in images with private on-device AI. See bounding boxes, confidence scores, and a downloadable annotated PNG with no image upload. - [Parts of Speech Tagger](https://candoya.com/tools/parts-of-speech-tagger/): Use this parts of speech tagger to label English words by grammatical role. Review token scores and export CSV with private on-device AI. - [Pose Detection](https://candoya.com/tools/pose-detection/): Detect poses in images with on-device AI. Map 33 body landmarks, inspect joint angles, and export JSON or an annotated PNG without uploading your photo. - [Question Answering](https://candoya.com/tools/question-answering/): Use a free question answering tool to extract an answer from English text on your device. See the source passage and confidence with no text upload. - [Semantic Search Demo](https://candoya.com/tools/semantic-search-demo/): Try semantic search in your browser. Rank up to 50 English passages by meaning with local MiniLM embeddings, WebGPU, and a CPU fallback. - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/): Analyse text as negative, neutral, or positive with private on-device AI. See all three model scores with no text upload, account, or API key. - [Speech to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/): Turn speech to text with private on-device Whisper AI. Record your microphone, edit the transcript, and download TXT with no upload or sign-up. - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/): Summarize articles, emails, and documents with free on-device AI. No sign-up, no upload - your text stays in your browser. Instant abstractive summaries. - [Text Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/): Use a private AI text classifier to sort English text by topic, message type, or meeting-note purpose. Runs on your device with no text upload. - [Text Similarity](https://candoya.com/tools/text-similarity/): Compare two texts by semantic meaning using on-device AI. Get a similarity score from 0-100% without uploading anything. - [Zero-Shot Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/zero-shot-classifier/): Use a private zero-shot classifier to rank English text against labels you choose. Runs on-device with WebGPU or a CPU fallback, with no text upload. - [Audio Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-joiner/): Join audio files online into one MP3 or WAV. Reorder and preview clips, merge mixed formats locally, and download without uploads or sign-up. - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/): Normalize audio online to a precise peak level, preview the result, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, watermark, or software install. - [Audio Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-recorder/): Record microphone audio online with a live level meter, pause and resume, local playback, and private WebM, MP4, or Ogg download. - [Audio Silence Remover](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-silence-remover/): Remove silence from audio online with adjustable threshold, pause length, and padding. Preview and download a private WAV without uploading your file. - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/): Change audio speed online from 0.5x to 2x, preserve pitch, preview the result, and download a private WAV with no upload or sign-up. - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/): Convert audio to text privately with on-device Whisper AI. Transcribe MP3, WAV, M4A, and more in your browser with no upload or sign-up. - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/): Trim audio online with precise start and end times, preview the selected clip, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, or watermark. - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/): Create an audio waveform image from MP3, WAV, M4A, or OGG. Customize colors, style, and size, then download a private high-resolution PNG. - [Binaural Beats Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/binaural-beats-generator/): Free binaural beats generator with carrier, beat, volume, preset, timer, and stereo WAV controls. Listen privately in your browser with headphones. - [BPM Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/bpm-detector/): Use this free BPM detector to find a song or sample's tempo online. Get confidence and half-time options without uploading your audio. - [Audio Fade In and Out](https://candoya.com/tools/fade-in-out/): Add an audio fade in and fade out online, preview the curve, and download a private WAV. Free, no sign-up, and your file is never uploaded. - [Frequency Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-generator/): Frequency sweep generator for smooth 20 Hz to 20 kHz audio sweeps. Choose the range, curve, waveform, duration, and download a local WAV. - [Guitar Tuner](https://candoya.com/tools/guitar-tuner/): Use this online guitar tuner with your microphone to tune standard, Drop D, half-step-down, or DADGAD guitar. Audio stays on your device. - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/): Free online metronome with tap tempo, subdivisions, time signatures, downbeat accent, and precise browser-scheduled clicks from 30 to 300 BPM. - [Pitch Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-detector/): Use this online pitch detector to identify a note, frequency and cents offset from your voice or instrument. Live audio stays on your device. - [Pitch Shifter](https://candoya.com/tools/pitch-shifter/): Shift audio pitch online by semitones and cents while preserving tempo. Preview locally and download a private WAV with no upload or sign-up. - [Reverse Audio](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-audio/): Reverse audio online, preview it backwards, and download a WAV privately. Works with MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, and more without uploading. - [Ringtone Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/ringtone-maker/): Make a ringtone online from any song. Trim a 30-second clip, add smooth fades, preview it, and export M4R for iPhone or MP3 for Android. - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/): Use a free online spectrum analyzer for audio files or your microphone. View live FFT frequencies and readable band levels privately in your browser. - [Stereo to Mono Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/stereo-to-mono/): Convert stereo to mono online, preview the channel mix, and download a private mono WAV. Keep both channels or choose the cleanest side. - [Text to Speech](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-speech/): Use free text to speech online with your browser voices. Choose a language, rate, pitch, and volume, then pause or resume with no sign-up. - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/): Online tone generator for sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth signals from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Play or download a WAV locally in your browser. - [White Noise Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/white-noise-generator/): Play white, pink, or brown noise online with volume, tone, and timer controls. Free, private, and generated entirely in your browser. - [Audio Volume Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/): Change audio volume online from mute to 300%, preview the gain, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, watermark, or software install. - [Video Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-video-watermark/): Add a text or logo watermark to video online. Preview size, opacity, and position, then export a private MP4 locally with no account or upload. - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/): Generate automatic video captions privately with on-device Whisper AI. Edit timings and download SRT or VTT with no upload, account, or watermark. - [Boomerang Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/boomerang-maker/): Make a boomerang video online from any short clip. Trim, set speed, add forward-reverse cycles, and export a private, watermark-free MP4. - [Subtitle Burner](https://candoya.com/tools/burn-in-subtitles/): Burn subtitles into video from an SRT or WebVTT file. Preview style and timing, then export a private, watermark-free MP4 in your browser. - [Chroma Key Video](https://candoya.com/tools/chroma-key-video/): Remove a green screen from video online with live chroma key controls. Export transparent WebM locally with no upload, account, or watermark. - [Crop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/): Crop video online with a visual frame, social aspect ratios, and exact pixels. Export a private, watermark-free MP4 without uploading your file. - [Audio Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-audio-from-video/): Extract audio from video as MP3, M4A, or WAV with private in-browser processing, preview, bitrate controls, and no file upload or watermark. - [FPS Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/fps-changer/): Change video FPS online to 24, 30, 60, or a custom frame rate. Convert privately in your browser and download a watermark-free MP4. - [Frames to Video](https://candoya.com/tools/frames-to-video/): Turn PNG, JPEG, or WebP frames into a video in your browser. Sort, reorder, set frame rate and resolution, then download without uploading. - [GIF to Video](https://candoya.com/tools/gif-to-video/): Convert GIF to video as MP4 or WebM with quality, size, repeat, and background controls. Free, private, local, and watermark-free. - [Loop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/loop-video/): Loop video online by repeating an MP4, MOV, WebM, or other clip 2 to 10 times. Export locally with no upload, watermark, or account. - [Mute Video](https://candoya.com/tools/mute-video/): Mute video online by removing every audio track without changing picture quality. Private browser processing, previews, progress, cancel, and download. - [Reverse Video](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-video/): Reverse video online with optional backward audio, MP4 or WebM export, and no watermark. Your clip stays private and processes in your browser. - [Rotate and Flip Video](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-flip-video/): Rotate video online by 90, 180, or 270 degrees, or flip it horizontally or vertically. Export a private MP4 without uploads or watermarks. - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/): Record your screen online with optional supported audio, a live timer, instant preview, and local download. No upload, account, or extension. - [SRT Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/srt-editor/): Edit SRT subtitles online, repair timing, replace text, reorder cues and export a clean file. No upload or sign-up - it stays in your browser. - [Silent Section Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/silent-section-trimmer/): Remove silence from video online with adjustable pause detection and reviewable cuts. Export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark. - [Split Video by Time](https://candoya.com/tools/split-video-by-time/): Split video by time into equal or fixed-duration MP4 clips online. Make up to 30 precise parts privately in your browser with no upload. - [Subtitle Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/subtitle-extractor/): Extract embedded subtitles from MKV, MP4, MOV, or WebM video and download an editable SRT file. Private browser processing with no upload. - [Vertical Clip Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/vertical-clip-cropper/): Make a video vertical for Reels, Shorts, and TikTok. Crop to 9:16, 4:5, or 1:1 with blur or black fill. Private, no upload, free MP4 export. - [Video Bitrate Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/bitrate-changer/): Change video bitrate online to a specific target, preserve dimensions and duration, verify the result, and download a private local MP4. - [Video Aspect Ratio Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-aspect-ratio-changer/): Change video aspect ratio to 16:9, 9:16, 1:1, 4:5, 4:3, or 21:9. Crop or add bars locally, then download a watermark-free MP4. - [Webcam Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/webcam-recorder/): Record webcam video online with optional microphone audio, a live timer, local playback, retakes, and private WebM or MP4 download. - [Video Collage Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/video-collage/): Make a video collage online with 2 to 4 clips in a split screen or grid. Preview and export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark. - [Video Color Grade](https://candoya.com/tools/video-color-grade/): Color grade video online with exposure, white balance, shadows, highlights, contrast, and saturation controls. Preview and export a private MP4 locally. - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/): Compress video online with local MP4 or WebM processing, quality and resolution controls, no upload, no watermark, and clear size savings. - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/): Convert video online to MP4, WebM, MOV, or MKV with private in-browser processing, quality and resolution controls, and no upload or watermark. - [Video Filters](https://candoya.com/tools/video-filters/): Apply video filters online with live color controls and private MP4 export. Add vivid, mono, sepia, warm, cool, vintage, or noir looks without uploads. - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/): Join videos online into one MP4 or WebM file. Reorder and preview clips, merge mixed formats locally, and download without uploads or watermarks. - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/): View video metadata, codecs, dimensions, frame rate, bitrate, audio, subtitles and tags locally. No upload, playback or transcoding. - [Picture-in-Picture Video Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-overlay-picture-in-picture/): Create a picture-in-picture video online with a movable, timed video inset. Export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark. - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/): Resize video online to exact pixels or social media dimensions. Fit, fill, or stretch a private video and download a watermark-free MP4. - [Video Resolution Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resolution-changer/): Change video resolution online to 1080p, 720p, 480p, or custom dimensions. Preserve aspect ratio and download a private H.264 MP4. - [Video Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/): Change video speed online from 0.25x to 4x, preview the timing, keep audio synchronized, and download a private, watermark-free MP4. - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/): Generate a video thumbnail from any browser-playable file. Scrub to the exact frame, export PNG, JPEG, or WebP, and keep the video on your device. - [Video to Frames](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-frames/): Convert video to frames in your browser. Choose a time range and interval, preview every image, then download PNG, JPEG, or WebP files in a ZIP. - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/): Convert video to GIF online with trim, width, frame rate, and color controls. Your video stays on your device with no upload or watermark. - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/): Trim a video online with precise start and end times, selection preview, and local MP4 or WebM export. Your video never leaves your device. - [VTT to SRT](https://candoya.com/tools/vtt-to-srt/): Convert VTT to SRT in your browser. Paste or upload WebVTT captions, validate cues, preview the SubRip result, copy it, or download it free. - [Profile QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/profile-qr-code/): Free profile QR code generator for contact cards. Create a scannable MeCard QR as PNG, no sign-up and no upload. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Sort Lines Alphabetically - A-Z or Z-A" description: "Sort lines alphabetically online in A-Z or Z-A order. Handle case, natural numbers, spaces, empty lines and duplicates privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Sort Lines Alphabetically Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I sort lines alphabetically? Paste a list with one item per line and this tool sorts the lines alphabetically as you type. Choose A-Z or Z-A order, make case significant when needed, and optionally trim spaces or remove blanks and duplicates. Sorting happens in your browser, so the text is never uploaded. This alphabetizer uses your page language's **native collation rules** instead of comparing raw character codes. It also applies natural number order, so `Project 2` appears before `Project 10`. Your original input stays untouched while options update the sorted copy on the right. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the list** - Enter one item per line in the left box. Windows, Mac and Unix line endings are recognized. 2. **Choose the order** - Select A-Z or Z-A, then turn on case sensitivity or cleanup options if your list needs them. 3. **Copy the sorted lines** - Review the live result on the right and use Copy to place the finished list on your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **Writers and researchers** alphabetizing references, reading lists, names or interview notes before sharing them. - **Developers** sorting configuration entries, filenames, package lists or log labels to make diffs easier to scan. - **Marketing and operations teams** cleaning keyword lists, product names, tags and pasted spreadsheet columns. - **Students and teachers** arranging vocabulary, attendance lists and source titles in a consistent order. ## Expert note Alphabetical order is language-dependent. This tool passes the active page locale to `Intl.Collator`, so accented letters and non-Latin scripts follow the browser's locale data. Equal items keep their original relative order, and embedded numbers sort naturally instead of character by character. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my list uploaded anywhere? No. The list is sorted locally by JavaScript in your browser and is never sent to a server. You can use the tool for unpublished notes, internal labels, private filenames and other text you would rather not upload. ### Is this alphabetical line sorter free? Yes. It is free to use, needs no account and has no built-in usage limit. Paste your lines, change the options as often as you like, and copy the result without installing an app or browser extension. ### How many lines can I sort? There is no fixed line limit. Sorting uses your device's memory and processor, so practical capacity depends on the browser and hardware. Ordinary lists and large pasted text columns finish instantly; extremely large files are better handled by a desktop or command-line tool. ### Can I sort from Z to A? Yes. Choose Z-A above the input to reverse the alphabetical comparison. This is a true descending sort, not merely a visual reversal, so lines that compare as equal keep their original relative order. ### Does uppercase come before lowercase? Case is ignored by default while accents remain significant. Turn on Case sensitive when capitalization should affect ordering. Exact uppercase-versus-lowercase placement follows the collation data supplied by your browser for the page language. ### Does it sort numbers correctly? Yes. Natural numeric comparison is always enabled, which means Item 2 comes before Item 10. A basic character-code sort would place Item 10 first because it compares the first digit, but this tool treats embedded digit runs as numbers. ### Can it remove duplicate or blank lines while sorting? Yes. Turn on Remove duplicates to keep one copy of equal lines, or Remove empty lines to drop blank and whitespace-only entries. Trim whitespace first when leading or trailing spaces should not make otherwise identical lines different. ## Related tools - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Sort Lines by Length - Free Text Sorter" description: "Sort lines by length online from shortest to longest or longest to shortest. Clean blanks and duplicates privately with live Unicode-aware results." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-by-length/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Sort Lines by Length Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I sort lines by length? Paste one item per line and this text length sorter arranges them by character count as you type. Choose shortest-first or longest-first order, then optionally trim spaces or remove blank and duplicate rows. The result stays stable when lines have equal lengths and runs entirely in your browser. Each line is measured with the browser's **Unicode grapheme rules**, so a joined emoji or a letter plus a combining accent counts as one visible character instead of several hidden code units. Your input remains untouched while the sorted copy and shortest and longest counts update on the right. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your lines** - Enter one item per row in the left box. Windows, Mac and Unix line endings are all recognized. 2. **Pick a direction** - Choose Shortest first or Longest first, then open More options if you need to trim or clean the list. 3. **Copy the result** - Check the live character-range stats and copy the finished order from the right box. ## Who it's for - **Developers** ordering test fixtures, log labels, CSS values or translation keys to expose unusually long entries. - **Writers and editors** arranging headlines, captions or prompts by visual complexity before choosing a concise option. - **Data teams** cleaning pasted columns and moving short codes or long outliers to the top for faster review. - **Teachers and puzzle makers** grading vocabulary, clues or answers from the shortest item to the longest. ## Expert note JavaScript's basic string length counts UTF-16 code units, which can report a single emoji as two or more characters. This sorter uses grapheme segmentation when the browser supports it, falls back to Unicode code points, and preserves input order whenever two lines have the same measured length. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Line splitting, character counting, cleanup and sorting all happen locally in your browser. The tool does not send the pasted list to a server, which makes it suitable for private notes, internal labels, unpublished copy and other text you do not want to upload. ### Is the line length sorter free? Yes. You can sort as many lists as your browser can comfortably hold without creating an account, installing an extension or paying. Paste the text, change directions and cleanup options, and copy the result as often as you need. ### How many lines can I sort? There is no fixed line limit in the tool. Practical capacity depends on your browser, memory and device speed. Ordinary pasted lists and large text columns sort instantly, while files with millions of rows are usually better handled by a desktop or command-line utility. ### Do spaces and punctuation count toward line length? Yes. Every visible character counts, including spaces and punctuation. Turn on Trim whitespace to remove leading and trailing spaces before measuring. Spaces inside a line remain part of its length because removing them would change the actual text. ### How are emoji and accented letters counted? The sorter uses the browser's Unicode grapheme segmenter when available. A joined emoji sequence and a base letter with a combining accent each count as one user-perceived character. Older browsers fall back to counting Unicode code points, which is still safer than basic UTF-16 string length. ### What happens when two lines have the same length? Equal-length lines keep the same relative order they had in your input. This stable tie rule avoids surprising alphabetical rearrangement and makes it easy to compare the sorted result with the source list, in both shortest-first and longest-first modes. ### Can I remove blank or duplicate lines while sorting? Yes. More options includes separate controls for trimming surrounding whitespace, removing empty or whitespace-only rows, and removing exact duplicate lines. Cleanup happens before character measurement, so the displayed shortest and longest counts match the final output. ## Related tools - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Sort Lines Numerically - Numeric Line Sorter" description: "Sort lines numerically online by the first number in each row. Handle negatives, decimals and scientific notation with private, instant results." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-numerically/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Sort Lines Numerically Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I sort lines numerically? Paste one value or numbered item per line and this numeric line sorter orders every row by its first number. Choose smallest-first or largest-first order, then copy the live result. Negative values, decimals, comma-grouped numbers, and scientific notation work without changing the text around each number. The sorter compares **numeric values instead of text characters**, so 2 comes before 10 in ascending order. It preserves each complete line, places rows without a usable number after numeric rows, and processes the list locally in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the list** - Enter one number or numbered item per line. The first valid number in each row becomes its sort key. 2. **Choose the direction** - Select Smallest first or Largest first, then open More options to trim spaces or remove blank and duplicate rows. 3. **Copy the sorted lines** - Review the numeric and nonnumeric line counts, then copy the complete reordered list. ## Who it's for - **Analysts** ordering pasted scores, prices, measurements, rankings, or report rows before importing them into a spreadsheet. - **Developers** sorting numbered logs, issue lists, benchmark output, or test fixtures while preserving labels around each value. - **Operations teams** arranging orders, quantities, inventory counts, and priority lists by the first number in every row. - **Students and researchers** putting signed results, decimals, and scientific measurements into a quick ascending or descending sequence. ## Expert note A plain text sort compares characters, which puts 10 before 2. This sorter parses the first finite numeric token, compares its real value, keeps equal values stable, and leaves nonnumeric rows at the end in their original order. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my list uploaded anywhere? No. Number detection, cleanup, sorting, and copying happen locally in your browser. The tool does not send your pasted rows to a server, so you can use it for internal reports, unpublished figures, and other lists you prefer to keep on your device. ### Is the numeric line sorter free? Yes. The tool is free to use without an account, download, or fixed usage limit. You can paste a list, switch between ascending and descending order, change cleanup options, and copy the result as often as your browser and device can comfortably handle. ### How many lines can I sort? There is no fixed limit built into the sorter. Typical pasted columns and lists with thousands of rows process instantly. Extremely large files can use substantial browser memory, so a spreadsheet, database, or command-line sort is a better fit for millions of records. ### Can it sort negative numbers and decimals? Yes. It recognizes signed integers and decimals such as -12, +4.5, and .75. Numeric comparison puts negative values below zero and orders decimal values by magnitude, while the original formatting and surrounding text on each line remain unchanged in the output. ### Does it support commas and scientific notation? Yes. Properly grouped values such as 1,250 and scientific notation such as 2.5e3 are converted to numeric sort keys. The original line stays intact in the result. A value that overflows JavaScript's finite number range is treated as nonnumeric instead of producing an unstable order. ### What happens to lines without numbers? Lines without a finite number appear after all numeric lines, whether you choose smallest-first or largest-first order. Their relative order stays the same as in the input, which keeps headings, notes, and other unmatched rows predictable and easy to find. ### What if two lines contain the same number? Rows with equal numeric keys keep their original relative order. This stable tie behavior is useful when several orders share a quantity or several measurements have the same value, because the sorter does not apply a hidden alphabetical tie-breaker to the rest of each line. ## Related tools - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/) - [Sort Lines by Length](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-by-length/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Speaking Time Calculator - Words to Minutes" description: "Free speaking time calculator: paste text, pick a pace, see how long it takes to read aloud. Words to minutes, instantly. Runs in your browser, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Speaking Time Calculator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a speaking time calculator? A speaking time calculator estimates how long a piece of text will take to read aloud at a chosen pace. Paste your script, pick slow, conversational, presentation or fast, and the duration in minutes and seconds updates live - so you can fit a speech inside a slot before you rehearse it. It runs entirely in your browser. The page does the math from your word count and a words-per-minute rate, so there's no upload, no account, and no length limit beyond what your device can handle. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Drop your speech, script or article into the box above. 2. **Pick a speaking pace** - Slow (110 wpm) for audiobook-style narration, Conversational (130) for casual talk, Presentation (150) for keynotes, Fast (180) for tight broadcast reads. 3. **Read the time** - Speaking time and silent reading time both update live as you edit. Copy the figure or change the pace to compare. ## Who it's for - **Speakers and presenters** trimming a keynote to a 10, 20 or 45 minute slot. - **Students** fitting a 5-minute oral exam, debate or class talk. - **Podcasters and YouTubers** scripting a 10-minute intro before they record. - **Wedding speeches, eulogies and toasts** where the right length matters more than the right phrasing. - **Voice-over and audiobook narrators** quoting a job from a manuscript's word count. ## Expert note Most stage coaches target about 150 words per minute for keynotes - fast enough to feel energetic, slow enough that the audience can follow without subtitles. The same script read silently moves at roughly 250 wpm, which is why a 10-minute speech reads in about 6. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the speaking time calculator free? Yes - it's 100% free with no sign-up and no word limit. It runs entirely in your browser, so nothing you paste is uploaded. ### How does it convert words to minutes? It counts the whitespace-separated words in your text, then divides by the words-per-minute rate you picked. So 1,500 words at 150 wpm is 10 minutes; at 110 wpm it's about 13 minutes 38 seconds. ### What's the average speaking rate? Casual conversation averages 120-150 wpm. Public-speaking coaches recommend roughly 140-160 wpm for keynotes and presentations - fast enough to sound natural, slow enough for the room to follow. Audiobook narration is closer to 150-160. ### Speaking time versus reading time - what's the difference? Reading aloud is slower than reading silently. Adults read silently at around 238 words per minute on average, but read aloud at roughly 150. This tool shows both so you can plan a podcast script and a blog post from the same text. ### How accurate is the estimate? Within about 10% for English prose at the chosen pace. Real speaking time depends on pauses, slides, Q&A and how fast you naturally talk - rehearse with a timer to calibrate, then adjust the pace on this tool to match. ### Does it work for languages without spaces, like Chinese or Japanese? Word counts use whitespace, so a CJK paragraph counts as one word. For those languages, divide your character count by a per-language characters-per-minute rate instead - the figures on this page assume an English-style word boundary. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Spectrum Analyzer Online - Audio FFT Tool" description: "Use a free online spectrum analyzer for audio files or your microphone. View live FFT frequencies and readable band levels privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Spectrum Analyzer Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does an audio spectrum analyzer show? An audio spectrum analyzer shows how strongly different frequencies are present in a sound. Play a local audio file or use your microphone to view a live FFT display from bass to treble. A text readout also reports the strongest frequency, spectral center, and seven practical frequency bands. The graph uses a logarithmic frequency scale, so the octaves where human hearing is most sensitive get useful room instead of being squeezed against the left edge. Adjust the FFT size for the tradeoff you need: larger transforms separate nearby frequencies more clearly, while smaller transforms respond faster to short changes. The seven-band table turns the moving graph into a readable snapshot. Sub bass covers 20 to 60 Hz, bass reaches 250 Hz, and the midrange is divided around common vocal and instrument regions. These are practical production labels, not hard acoustic boundaries. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an audio source** - Drop or choose an audio file, play the sample tones, or start live microphone input. 2. **Start the signal** - Press play for a file, or allow microphone access when your browser asks. 3. **Read the spectrum** - Watch the logarithmic bars and compare the strongest frequency, spectral center, peak strength, and seven band levels. 4. **Adjust the response** - Choose a larger FFT for finer frequency separation or change smoothing for steadier or faster movement. ## Who it's for - **Musicians and producers** can spot bass buildup, harsh upper mids, or missing high-frequency energy while auditioning a mix. - **Podcasters and voice creators** can inspect room rumble, vocal presence, and bright sibilant energy before recording. - **Students** can connect audible tones with their measured frequency and see how harmonics appear above a fundamental. - **Audio troubleshooters** can compare a local file with live microphone input without installing a desktop analyzer. ## Expert note At a 48 kHz sample rate, a 4096-point FFT spaces bins about 11.7 Hz apart. That does not mean every reading is accurate to 11.7 Hz: windowing, leakage, noise, room response, microphone coloration, and the signal's duration still affect what the display reports. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded or recorded? No. Audio files are decoded and analyzed inside your browser tab. Microphone input is routed to the analyzer in memory and is never recorded or saved. The page only asks for microphone permission when you choose that source, and stopping the microphone releases its media track. ### Is this online spectrum analyzer free? Yes. You can analyze audio files, use live microphone input, change the FFT resolution and smoothing, copy the readable results, and replay the sample without an account, payment, or watermark. Processing uses browser APIs on your own device. ### What file and frequency limits apply? The file limit is 150 MB, and playable formats depend on the codecs built into your browser and operating system. The graph covers 20 Hz to 20 kHz when the source sample rate permits it. A 44.1 kHz source has a theoretical upper limit of 22.05 kHz. ### Can I use my microphone as a live frequency analyzer? Yes, in a current browser on a secure HTTPS page. Choose Use microphone and approve access. Browser audio processing options are disabled where supported so the spectrum is less altered, but your microphone, room, and device can still color the measurement. ### What FFT size should I choose? Start with 4096 for a useful balance. A larger FFT such as 8192 gives narrower frequency bins and can separate steady nearby tones better, but responds more slowly. A smaller FFT such as 512 or 1024 follows quick transients more closely but groups more frequencies together. ### Why does the strongest frequency move around? Real audio contains many simultaneous frequencies, and the strongest FFT bin can change from frame to frame. Smoothing steadies the display, while a larger FFT can improve separation. Background noise, musical harmonics, microphone response, and spectral leakage also affect which bin appears strongest. ### Is this a calibrated sound level meter? No. The percentages are relative Web Audio magnitudes for comparing frequency regions, not calibrated dB SPL measurements. Accurate sound pressure readings require a calibrated microphone, known gain, and measurement software designed around that hardware. ## Related tools - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Guitar Tuner](https://candoya.com/tools/guitar-tuner/) - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Speech to Text - Private Voice Dictation" description: "Turn speech to text with private on-device Whisper AI. Record your microphone, edit the transcript, and download TXT with no upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/speech-to-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Speech to Text Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can I turn speech into text online? Use this speech to text tool to record your microphone and create an editable transcript with Whisper AI on your device. Your recording is not uploaded for recognition. The browser downloads the model on first use, then processes your speech locally with WebAssembly. This tool is built for spoken notes and short dictation, not file conversion. **You control when recording starts, review the take, and then run transcription** in a background worker. Select the language you spoke so the multilingual model can keep its decoding focused. ## How to use it 1. **Record your voice** - Click Start recording, allow microphone access, speak clearly, and stop the take within 10 minutes. 2. **Review and choose a language** - Play the local recording back, then select the language you spoke. 3. **Transcribe on your device** - Click Transcribe speech. The first run downloads Whisper, then WebAssembly processes the audio locally. 4. **Correct and export** - Edit any names or uncertain words, then copy the transcript or download it as a plain TXT file. ## Who it's for - **Writers and students** capturing a paragraph or study note aloud before editing the text. - **Researchers and interviewers** turning a short spoken memo into searchable notes without sending the recording to a transcription service. - **People with typing fatigue** drafting messages or outlines by voice, then copying the result into another app. - **Multilingual speakers** transcribing a short recording with an explicit language hint. ## Expert note Whisper works on chunks of recorded audio rather than converting each word the moment it is spoken. This gives the model more sentence context for punctuation and word choice, but it also means the transcript appears after you stop the recording. Background noise, overlapping speakers, and uncommon names still need careful review. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my microphone recording uploaded? No. The browser captures, decodes, and transcribes the recording on your device. It downloads model files from Hugging Face the first time Whisper runs, but it does not send your microphone audio or transcript to CanDoYa or a transcription API. ### Is this speech to text tool free? Yes. There is no account, payment, transcription credit, or watermark. Your device supplies the processing power. The practical costs are the first model download, local memory use, battery use, and the time needed to run Whisper. ### How long can I record? Each take can be up to 10 minutes. The limit keeps memory use manageable because the browser holds decoded audio while Whisper works. For an existing interview, lecture, or podcast file, use the separate Audio to Text tool instead. ### Does speech to text need WebGPU? No. The tool uses WebAssembly processing on the CPU for consistent transcription across supported browsers. Processing can take longer on phones and older computers, but the recording remains on your device. ### Which languages can it recognize? The multilingual Whisper base model can recognize many spoken languages. Choose one of the listed languages before transcribing. Accuracy depends on the language, accent, microphone, background noise, and vocabulary, so review important names and quotes. ### Why does the first transcription download a model? On-device speech recognition needs the Whisper neural network in your browser. The first run downloads roughly 150 MB of model data. The browser normally caches it, so later visits can reuse those files unless you clear site storage. ### Can it transcribe an existing audio file? This page is microphone-first and records a new take. Use Audio to Text for MP3, WAV, M4A, OGG, FLAC, or WebM files. Keeping the workflows separate makes each page clearer and avoids putting file and microphone controls into one crowded workspace. ### How accurate is voice transcription? Whisper base produces a useful draft from clear, close-mic speech, but it is not a verbatim guarantee. Noise, music, crosstalk, technical terms, and proper names can cause errors or invented words. Compare important text with the recording before relying on it. ## Related tools - [Audio Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-recorder/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Speed Converter - km/h, mph, m/s, knots, ft/s, Mach" description: "Free speed and velocity converter. Enter a value and convert instantly between km/h, mph, m/s, feet per second, knots and Mach - runs in your browser, nothing uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Speed Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert between speed units? Pick the unit you have, type a number, and pick the unit you want. This speed converter turns your value into every common unit at once - meters per second, km/h, mph, feet per second, knots and Mach - using exact conversion factors, instantly and entirely in your browser. Most speed units are defined by exact factors, so the conversions are precise rather than approximate: a mile per hour is exactly 0.44704 m/s, a km/h is exactly 0.277778 m/s, a foot per second is 0.3048 m/s and a knot is exactly one nautical mile per hour (0.514444 m/s). Enter a value, choose your *from* and *to* units, and the big number updates as you type, with a reference table showing the same speed in all six units at once. Use the swap arrows to reverse the direction. Nothing is uploaded - the math happens on the page. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a speed** - Type a number in the value field. Decimals are fine - use a dot or a comma, e.g. 100 or 62.5 or 62,5. 2. **Choose the units** - Pick the unit you are converting from next to the number, and the unit you want in the To dropdown. 3. **Read every unit at once** - The big result shows your target unit; the table below shows the same speed in all six units. Use the swap arrows to reverse it, or Copy result to grab the figure. ## Who it's for - **Driving abroad** - reading a speed limit in km/h when you think in mph, or the reverse, so you know how fast 100 km/h or 70 mph really is. - **Weather and wind** converting a forecast wind speed between km/h, mph, m/s and knots. - **Sailing and aviation** working with knots alongside km/h and mph, or checking an aircraft speed against Mach. - **Running and cycling** converting a pace or top speed between m/s, km/h and mph. - **Physics and engineering** checking a velocity conversion with exact factors instead of a rounded rule of thumb. ## Expert note One conversion to keep in your head: 100 km/h is 62.14 mph and 60 mph is 96.56 km/h - close enough that drivers often use 'add half again' as a rough rule (60 x 1.6 is about 96). The unit people misuse most is the knot: a knot is one nautical mile per hour, not one mile per hour, so a 20-knot wind is 23 mph, not 20. Mach is the odd one out here because it is not a fixed speed at all - it is a ratio to the local speed of sound, which drops with temperature and altitude. This tool uses Mach 1 = 340.29 m/s (the ICAO standard-atmosphere value at sea level, 15 deg C); at 11 km cruising altitude the speed of sound is nearer 295 m/s, so real aircraft reach Mach 1 at a lower ground speed than the sea-level figure suggests. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the speed converter free? Yes - it is 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. Every conversion runs in your browser and nothing you type is uploaded or stored. ### Which speed units does it convert? Six units: meters per second (m/s), kilometers per hour (km/h), miles per hour (mph), feet per second (ft/s), knots (kn) and Mach. You can convert between any two of them. ### How do I convert km/h to mph? Multiply km/h by 0.621371 to get mph, since 1 mph is 1.609344 km/h. So 100 km/h is about 62.14 mph and 50 km/h is about 31.07 mph. Enter the value and this tool shows it instantly. ### How do I convert mph to km/h? Multiply mph by 1.609344 to get km/h. So 60 mph is 96.56 km/h and 70 mph is 112.65 km/h. A quick mental estimate is to add about 60%. ### What is a knot and how fast is it? A knot is one nautical mile per hour, used at sea and in the air. One knot is 1.852 km/h or about 1.151 mph, so a 20-knot wind is roughly 37 km/h or 23 mph. It is not the same as a mile per hour. ### How fast is Mach 1? Mach is a ratio to the local speed of sound, not a fixed speed. At sea level in standard conditions Mach 1 is about 340.29 m/s (1,225 km/h or 761 mph), but the speed of sound falls with temperature, so Mach 1 is slower at altitude. This tool uses the sea-level value. ### Does it work with decimals and commas? Yes. You can type a dot or a comma as the decimal mark, so both 62.5 and 62,5 are read as the same number. Whitespace is ignored. ## Related tools - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) - [Meters to Feet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/meters-to-feet/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Split PDF - Free Private PDF Splitter" description: "Split PDF pages into separate files free in your browser. Preview pages, choose exact ranges, and download without uploads, watermarks, or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/split-pdf/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Split PDF Files Free Category: [PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/pdf/) ## How do I split a PDF into separate files? Add a PDF, preview its pages, and enter the page ranges you want, such as 1-3, 4-6, 9. Each comma-separated range becomes its own PDF. The pages are copied without reducing quality, and all processing happens in your browser, so the original file never leaves your device. This PDF splitter gives you **exact control over where each new file begins and ends**. Enter a single page, a continuous range, or several ranges in the order you need. It creates each result locally, with no upload queue, account, daily quota, or watermark. Contracts, reports, statements, and scanned records stay on your device throughout the process. ## How to use it 1. **Add your PDF** - Drop one PDF onto the upload area or click to choose it. The tool reads the page count and shows an on-device preview. 2. **Choose the page ranges** - Enter comma-separated pages or ranges, such as 1-3, 4-6, 9. Each item will become a separate PDF in the same order. 3. **Split and download** - Click Split PDF, then download each finished file. Page dimensions, text, images, and vector graphics are copied without rasterizing them. ## Who it's for - **Office teams** separating a large report into department-specific sections before sharing it. - **Students and researchers** extracting assigned chapters or selected source pages into smaller reading files. - **Accountants and administrators** dividing a combined scan into one PDF per invoice, statement, or customer record. - **Legal and healthcare staff** isolating relevant pages without uploading sensitive documents to a third-party server. ## Expert note A comma creates a file boundary: 1-3, 4-6 produces two PDFs, while 1-6 produces one six-page PDF. Splitting copies existing page objects rather than printing or converting them, so searchable text, vector artwork, page dimensions, and image resolution are preserved. Document-level features such as bookmarks may not carry into the new files. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my PDF files uploaded to a server? No. The PDF is read, previewed, and split inside your browser. It is never uploaded to CanDoYa or a third-party file service. After the tool has loaded, you can disconnect from the internet and continue working with the file already on your device. ### Is this PDF splitter free? Yes. You can split PDFs without signing up, paying, waiting for credits, or accepting a watermark. Your browser performs the work locally, so there is no server processing quota. The practical limit depends on the available memory and speed of your phone or computer. ### Is there a file size or page limit? There is no fixed file or page limit in the tool. Very large PDFs require more device memory because the browser holds the source and generated files while it works. If a huge document strains a phone, try the same file on a laptop or split fewer ranges at once. ### How do I split every page into a separate PDF? After adding the file, click Every page. The tool fills the range field with each page number, then creates one single-page PDF per number. You can remove any page numbers you do not need before splitting. ### Can I extract non-consecutive pages? Yes. Enter non-consecutive pages as separate comma items, such as 2, 5, 9. That creates three one-page PDFs. To keep those pages together in one new document would require an extract-pages workflow rather than separate split boundaries. ### Does splitting a PDF reduce its quality? No. The splitter copies each requested page into a new PDF without turning it into an image or recompressing its contents. Text remains searchable, vector graphics stay sharp, and embedded images retain their original resolution. The output may omit document-wide bookmarks or attachments. ### Why is my password-protected PDF rejected? Encrypted PDFs cannot be safely copied without their password. Open the file in a PDF viewer, enter its password, and save or print an unlocked copy. Then add that copy to the splitter. Rejecting protected files prevents blank or unusable output. ## Related tools - [Merge PDF Files](https://candoya.com/tools/merge-pdf/) - [Rotate PDF](https://candoya.com/tools/rotate-pdf/) - [Delete PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/delete-pdf-pages/) - [Extract PDF Pages](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-pdf-pages/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Split Video by Time Online - Make Timed Clips" description: "Split video by time into equal or fixed-duration MP4 clips online. Make up to 30 precise parts privately in your browser with no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/split-video-by-time/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Split Video by Time Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you split a video by time? To split a video by time, choose a fixed clip duration or a number of equal parts. This tool calculates every boundary, keeps the shorter final remainder, and creates separate MP4 clips. The video is processed inside your browser, so you can divide private recordings without uploading the source. Use **By clip duration** when every piece should be no longer than a set time, such as 30 or 60 seconds. Use **Into equal parts** when you need the complete recording divided evenly. The plan shows each start, end, and running time before processing begins. The browser downloads a WebAssembly video engine only when you start splitting. Each output is re-encoded as H.264 MP4 for precise requested boundaries and broad playback support, then offered separately and together in one ZIP file. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a common video file into the tool or use the generated sample. 2. **Choose the split method** - Set the maximum seconds per clip or choose between 2 and 30 equal parts. 3. **Check the plan** - Review each calculated start, end, and duration before processing. 4. **Split and download** - Create the MP4 clips locally, then download individual parts or one ZIP archive. ## Who it's for - **Meeting hosts** can divide a long recording into shorter review or transcription batches. - **Teachers** can turn a full lecture into evenly timed lesson segments. - **Social media teams** can create fixed-duration pieces before selecting highlights for short-form posts. - **Researchers and interviewers** can break private source footage into manageable local clips without an upload. ## Expert note Fast stream-copy splitting can only cut cleanly on existing keyframes, so requested boundaries may drift. This tool re-encodes each segment instead. That takes longer, but it makes the time plan accurate and ensures every clip begins with a decodable frame. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I split it? No. The source is read by your browser and the generated clips stay in this tab until you download or clear them. A WebAssembly video engine is downloaded when first needed, but your video is not sent to CanDoYa, stored in an account, or processed on a server. ### Is this video splitter free and watermark-free? Yes. You can plan, split, preview, and download the clips without an account, payment, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from the memory and processing speed available on your phone or computer rather than an artificial server quota. ### How many video clips can I create? One split can create between 2 and 30 clips. The cap keeps browser memory and download management practical. For a fixed duration, choose a number of seconds that produces 30 clips or fewer. Very long or high-resolution sources may still be better suited to desktop software. ### What happens when the video length is not evenly divisible? Fixed-duration mode keeps the entire source and makes the final clip shorter. For example, a 125-second video split every 60 seconds produces clips of 60, 60, and 5 seconds. Equal-parts mode divides the running time into matching durations, rounded to milliseconds. ### Are the split points frame accurate? The tool re-encodes each clip instead of only copying compressed streams. This avoids snapping every boundary to an earlier keyframe and gives more accurate requested times. A boundary is still represented by the nearest video frame, so precision depends on the source frame rate. ### Which output format does the tool create? Each part is exported as an H.264 MP4 with AAC audio when the source contains a readable audio track. This combination plays broadly across browsers, phones, messaging apps, and presentation software. Subtitle and metadata tracks are not copied into the split files. ### Why can splitting a large video take time? Precise splitting decodes and re-encodes each requested section inside your browser. Source resolution, codec, frame rate, clip count, device speed, and available memory all affect processing time. Keep this tab open and start with a shorter source if your device is low on memory. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SQL Formatter - Beautify Queries Online" description: "Free SQL formatter to beautify queries with dialect-aware indentation and keyword casing. Your database code stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sql-formatter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SQL Formatter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an SQL formatter do? An SQL formatter rewrites a cramped or inconsistently styled query with predictable line breaks, indentation, spacing and keyword casing. Choose the database dialect and your preferred style, then format and copy the readable result. The query text stays in your browser and is never submitted to a database. The formatter handles **common SQL structure**, including SELECT lists, joins, subqueries, common table expressions, CASE expressions and multi-statement scripts. Dialect selection matters because PostgreSQL dollar quotes, MySQL backticks, SQL Server brackets and warehouse-specific keywords are not interchangeable. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your SQL** - Add one query or a multi-statement script to the SQL input panel, or load the example. 2. **Choose the dialect and style** - Select Standard SQL, PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, SQL Server, BigQuery or Snowflake, then set keyword casing and indentation. 3. **Format the query** - Select Format SQL or press Ctrl+Enter on Windows and Linux, or Command+Enter on macOS. 4. **Copy or download** - Review the formatted output, then copy it to the clipboard or save it as a .sql file. ## Who it's for - **Developers** cleaning up an ORM query copied from application logs before debugging it. - **Data analysts** making joins, filters and window expressions easier to scan before sharing a query. - **Reviewers** applying consistent indentation and keyword casing to a migration or pull request. - **Database learners** revealing the clause hierarchy in a long query without executing it. ## Expert note Formatting is not validation: a dialect-aware parser can recognize tokens and structure well enough to lay out a query, but only your database can confirm that referenced tables, functions, permissions and data types are valid in the target environment. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my SQL query uploaded? No. The formatter and its dialect grammars run locally in your browser. Your query text is not sent to a formatting server or database, which makes the tool suitable for private schema names and business logic. Avoid sharing sensitive query results through any site unless you have permission. ### Is this SQL formatter free? Yes. You can format, copy and download SQL without an account, payment or usage limit. Processing happens on your device, so there is no server queue. Very large scripts are limited only by the memory and processing power available in your browser. ### How much SQL can I format at once? There is no fixed character limit in the tool. A normal query or migration script should format quickly. For a very large generated dump, format smaller sections so the browser stays responsive and so each error location points to a manageable part of the script. ### Which SQL dialects does the formatter support? The interface supports Standard SQL, PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, SQL Server T-SQL, BigQuery and Snowflake. Choose the closest target before formatting because quoting rules, operators and reserved keywords differ. Stored procedures and custom delimiter directives may need a database-specific editor. ### Does formatting change what a query does? The formatter changes whitespace and, if requested, recognized keyword casing. It preserves identifiers, values and comments, but you should still review generated output before running a production query. Formatting does not execute SQL, resolve names or prove that the statement is safe. ### Why does valid SQL show a parse error? The most common cause is a dialect mismatch. Switch from Standard SQL to the database that will execute the query. Vendor-specific stored procedure syntax, template placeholders or delimiter commands can also fall outside the formatter grammar even when your database accepts them. ### Should SQL keywords be uppercase or lowercase? Either style can be consistent and readable because most SQL dialects treat unquoted keywords case-insensitively. Uppercase makes clauses stand out from identifiers; lowercase can match a modern codebase. Preserve keeps the input keyword case while still applying spacing and indentation. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [CSS Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/css-formatter/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SQL Playground - Run SQLite Queries Online" description: "Run SQL online in a private SQLite playground with sample data, instant result tables, CSV export, and no sign-up. Everything stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SQL Playground Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an SQL playground? An SQL playground is a browser-based editor where you can create tables, add sample data, and run SQL queries without installing a database. This playground uses SQLite compiled to WebAssembly, so SELECTs, JOINs, aggregates, CTEs, and data changes run locally on your device and return results immediately. The left editor defines a fresh SQLite database with `CREATE TABLE` and `INSERT` statements. The right editor works against that database for the rest of your session, so you can test a query, change rows, and query again. Editing the schema rebuilds the database on the next run. The engine and your work stay in this browser tab. There is no connection string, account, or server-side database, which makes the playground useful for private snippets and quick experiments. ## How to use it 1. **Set up the database** - Keep the sample schema and rows, or replace the left editor with your own CREATE TABLE and INSERT statements. 2. **Write and run SQL** - Enter SQLite statements in the query editor, then choose Run query or press Ctrl or Cmd + Enter. 3. **Inspect or export** - Review each result set in the table, then copy or download the active result as CSV. ## Who it's for - **Students and interview candidates** practicing SELECT, JOIN, GROUP BY, subqueries, and common table expressions against ready-made data. - **Developers and analysts** checking SQLite syntax or reducing a query to a small reproducible example before changing a real database. - **Teachers and technical writers** creating compact SQL examples whose schema, seed rows, query, and output can be inspected together. ## Expert note The schema is reapplied only when you edit it or choose Apply schema. Until then, query statements share one in-memory database, so an UPDATE followed by a SELECT shows the change. Reapplying the schema deliberately returns you to the seed data, which makes experiments repeatable. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my SQL or data uploaded anywhere? No. The SQLite WebAssembly engine loads into your browser and runs the schema, queries, and result formatting on your device. CanDoYa does not send the SQL you type or the rows it creates to a database server. ### Is the SQL playground free? Yes. You can run queries, reset the sample database, copy result tables, and download CSV files without an account or payment. The database lives in memory for the current browser tab. ### What SQL dialect does this playground support? It uses SQLite syntax. Standard SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE TABLE, JOIN, GROUP BY, window functions, subqueries, and common table expressions work, but vendor-specific PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server features may not. ### Can I run more than one SQL statement? Yes. Separate statements with semicolons. If several statements return tables, the result selector lets you inspect each result set. Statements that only change data report the affected row count and leave the database ready for another query. ### How large can the in-browser database be? The practical limit depends on your browser and device memory because sql.js keeps the full database in memory. The playground is designed for learning, examples, and small test datasets, not multi-gigabyte production databases. ### Does the database persist after I close the tab? No. The working database is temporary and resets when the page closes or reloads. Download any result you need as CSV, and keep important schema or query text in your own file before leaving. ## Related tools - [SQLite Browser](https://candoya.com/tools/sqlite-browser/) - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV Statistics](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-statistics/) - [Pivot Table](https://candoya.com/tools/pivot-table/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SQLite Viewer Online - Open Database Files" description: "Open SQLite files in a private online viewer. Browse tables and schema, run read-only SQL, and export CSV without uploading your database." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sqlite-browser/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SQLite Viewer Online Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is an online SQLite viewer? An online SQLite viewer opens a .sqlite or .db file so you can inspect its tables, columns, rows, and schema without installing desktop software. This viewer runs SQLite through WebAssembly in your browser, keeps the database on your device, and lets you run read-only queries or export results as CSV. The browser checks SQLite's standard `SQLite format 3` file header before loading the database. It then creates an in-memory copy for the WebAssembly engine, lists user tables and views, and shows a bounded 500-row preview. Search and pagination work on the loaded preview, while the SQL panel handles focused inspection. Your original file is never rewritten. Each SQL run uses a disposable snapshot with query-only mode enabled, so the database you are browsing stays unchanged even if a query alters its own temporary state. ## How to use it 1. **Open the database** - Drop a SQLite file into the page, choose it from your device, or load the built-in sample database. 2. **Browse its structure** - Select a table or view to inspect its columns, original CREATE statement, and first 500 rows. 3. **Query or export** - Run a read-only SQLite query, filter the loaded result, then copy or download the result as CSV. ## Who it's for - **Developers** checking application databases, test fixtures, migration output, or a bug report attachment without installing a database client. - **Analysts and support teams** opening a small SQLite export, filtering a table, and downloading the useful result as CSV. - **Students and reviewers** inspecting table definitions, keys, declared types, views, and query results in one focused workspace. ## Expert note A database that uses write-ahead logging can have newer committed changes in a separate `-wal` file. Opening only the main database file may therefore show the last checkpointed state. Checkpoint the database in its source application before copying it when the newest records matter. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my SQLite database uploaded anywhere? No. The file is read by your browser and passed to a local SQLite WebAssembly engine. CanDoYa does not upload its tables, queries, or exported rows to a database server. The normal page assets still need to load when you first visit the site. ### Is this SQLite viewer free? Yes. You can open a database, browse tables and views, inspect column details, run read-only SQL, copy results, and download CSV files without an account or payment. ### How large a SQLite file can I open? The viewer accepts files up to 100 MB. sql.js keeps an in-memory copy, so practical speed also depends on available device memory and query complexity. For very large databases, use a native SQLite client that can page directly from disk. ### Which SQLite file extensions are supported? You can choose .sqlite, .sqlite3, .db, .db3, and .s3db files. The extension is only an initial filter: the viewer also verifies the official 16-byte SQLite 3 header before it opens the file. ### Can a query change my database? No. Each query starts on a disposable in-memory snapshot with SQLite's query-only setting enabled. Direct writes are blocked, and the snapshot is discarded after the query. The database you are browsing and the original file selected from your device are never rewritten. ### Why are recent rows from a WAL database missing? SQLite write-ahead logging can keep recent transactions in a separate file whose name ends in -wal. A standalone copy of the main database may not include those transactions until SQLite checkpoints them. Copy the database after a clean close or checkpoint when you need its newest state. ### How are BLOB and NULL values displayed? NULL appears as a distinct italic label. Binary BLOB values are rendered as lowercase hexadecimal beginning with 0x, so copied and downloaded results remain readable without pretending that arbitrary bytes are text. ## Related tools - [SQL Playground](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-playground/) - [CSV Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-viewer/) - [CSV to Chart](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-chart/) - [CSV to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-xml/) - [SQL Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/sql-formatter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SRT Editor - Edit Subtitles Online" description: "Edit SRT subtitles online, repair timing, replace text, reorder cues and export a clean file. No upload or sign-up - it stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/srt-editor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SRT Editor Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an SRT editor? An SRT editor lets you change subtitle text, cue order, and start or end times in a SubRip file. This online editor also finds timing problems, shifts every cue together, previews captions on a timeline, and exports a clean, renumbered SRT without uploading the file. **SRT is a plain-text sidecar format**: each cue contains a number, a start and end timestamp, subtitle text, and a blank separator. This editor accepts comma or dot milliseconds, keeps optional position settings, and normalizes line endings and numbering when you export. Your subtitle text stays on this device. The page does not need an account, does not send the file to a processing server, and can handle dense subtitle tracks with up to 10,000 cues through a paged editor. ## How to use it 1. **Open the subtitles** - Drop an .srt file, choose it from your device, paste the raw text, or load the example. 2. **Edit and check cues** - Change text or timestamps, reorder or insert cues, and use the timeline preview to inspect when each subtitle appears. 3. **Repair repeated problems** - Find and replace recurring text, sort cues by time, or shift the complete track earlier or later by a precise number of seconds. 4. **Export the SRT** - Resolve blocking time errors, then copy or download a UTF-8 SRT with sequential cue numbers and standard comma timestamps. ## Who it's for - **Video editors** fixing speech-to-text errors, cue order, and late or early captions before importing an SRT into an editing timeline. - **YouTube and course creators** correcting names or repeated terms across a full subtitle file with find and replace. - **Translators and localization teams** editing multilingual cue text while preserving the source timing and optional positioning data. - **Accessibility reviewers** finding empty cues, overlaps, backward timing, and end times that do not follow their starts. ## Expert note A global timing shift should preserve cue duration and spacing. When a negative shift would put the first subtitle before 00:00:00,000, this editor limits the shift for the entire track instead of clipping individual cues and changing their lengths. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my SRT file uploaded? No. Reading, parsing, editing, previewing, and exporting happen in your browser. The subtitle file and its text are not sent to a processing server. Your edits remain in the current page until you download the result or close the editor. ### Is this SRT editor free? Yes. You can open, edit, validate, copy, and download SRT files without an account, watermark, or payment. The editor runs with browser JavaScript and does not depend on paid transcription or translation services. ### What are the SRT file limits? The editor accepts files up to 5 MB and tracks with up to 10,000 readable cues. It shows 10, 25, or 50 cues at a time so long subtitle files stay responsive. Very large projects are easier to review when split by episode or video. ### Can I fix subtitles that are out of sync? Yes. Enter a positive number of seconds to move all cues later or a negative number to move them earlier. The editor applies the same millisecond offset to every start and end time, preserving cue duration and spacing while preventing negative timestamps. ### What timing errors does the editor find? It flags invalid timestamp fields, cues whose end is not later than the start, overlaps with the next cue, cues that appear out of chronological order, and empty subtitle text. Import notes also identify missing, duplicate, or non-sequential cue numbers. ### Does export change my subtitle text? The editor keeps cue text and optional timestamp-line settings. Export removes extra blank lines inside a cue, writes standard comma milliseconds, normalizes line endings, and numbers all cues from 1 in their current editor order. Blocks that could not be parsed are not included. ### Can I edit subtitles in languages other than English? Yes. SRT cue text can contain Unicode characters, so the editor works with multilingual subtitles, right-to-left scripts, emoji, and accented text. Downloads use UTF-8. Your video player or editing app still needs a font that supports the characters. ## Related tools - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) - [Audio Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-audio-from-video/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Standard Deviation Calculator - Sample & Population" description: "Standard deviation calculator for sample or population data. Paste numbers to get standard deviation, variance, mean, and calculation steps instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Standard Deviation Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a standard deviation calculator do? A standard deviation calculator measures how far values typically spread from their mean. Enter a data set, choose sample or population, and the calculator finds the standard deviation, variance, mean, and sum of squared deviations. Results update instantly in your browser, with no data uploaded. This calculator accepts decimals, negative values, and scientific notation. Separate values with commas, spaces, semicolons, or new lines. It uses the sample formula by default because most real data sets represent part of a larger population. Switch to population only when your list contains every member of the group you want to describe. The result panel shows each quantity used in the calculation. Standard deviation keeps the original unit of your data, while variance uses that unit squared. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the data** - Paste or type at least two numbers, separated by commas, spaces, semicolons, or new lines. 2. **Choose sample or population** - Keep Sample when the values represent part of a larger group. Choose Population when the list covers the entire group. 3. **Read the result** - Review the standard deviation, formula, mean, variance, count, standard error, and sum of squared deviations. 4. **Copy the statistics** - Select Copy results to put the complete summary on your clipboard. ## Who it's for - **Students** checking statistics homework and comparing the sample and population formulas. - **Researchers** summarizing the spread of measurements before further analysis. - **Teachers** demonstrating how an outlier changes variance and standard deviation. - **Analysts** verifying a small data set before entering it in a spreadsheet or report. - **Quality teams** comparing variation in repeated process or product measurements. ## Expert note The only arithmetic difference between the two modes is the divisor: population variance uses n, while sample variance uses n - 1. That adjustment, called Bessel's correction, reduces the tendency of a sample to underestimate population variance. Also check the data shape before interpreting the number: a single extreme value can inflate standard deviation because every deviation is squared. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my data uploaded when I calculate standard deviation? No. The numbers are parsed and calculated locally in your browser. They are not sent to a server or stored by this tool, so you can check private class, research, or business data without uploading the values. ### Is this standard deviation calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use, requires no account, and has no paywall. Enter your values, choose the data set type, and copy the result without signing up or installing software. ### How many numbers can I enter? The tool does not impose a fixed count limit. Practical limits depend on your browser and device memory, but lists with thousands of ordinary numeric values calculate quickly because all work happens with lightweight JavaScript arithmetic. ### Should I use sample or population standard deviation? Use sample standard deviation when your observations are a subset used to estimate a larger population. Use population standard deviation only when the values include the complete group of interest. The sample formula divides by n - 1; the population formula divides by n. ### How is standard deviation calculated? First find the mean. Subtract the mean from each value, square those deviations, and add them. Divide that sum by n for a population or n - 1 for a sample to get variance. The positive square root of variance is the standard deviation. ### What is the standard deviation of 2, 4, 5, 6, 6, 9, and 10? For this seven-value data set, the mean is 6 and the sum of squared deviations is 46. The sample standard deviation is about 2.7689 because sqrt(46 / 6) is used. The population standard deviation is about 2.5635 because sqrt(46 / 7) is used. ### Why is standard deviation different from variance? Variance is the average squared distance from the mean, so its unit is squared. Standard deviation is the square root of variance and returns to the original data unit. That makes standard deviation easier to compare directly with measurements such as points, seconds, or centimeters. ## Related tools - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Hide Text in Image - Free Steganography Tool" description: "Hide text in an image with private, browser-based steganography. Embed UTF-8 messages in pixels and download a lossless PNG with no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/steganography-hide-text/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Hide Text in an Image Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How can I hide text in an image? Use image steganography to store a text message in tiny changes to the picture's pixel values. This tool writes UTF-8 text into the least significant bits of the red, green and blue channels, verifies the embedded message, and exports a lossless PNG entirely in your browser. **Steganography hides that a message exists, while encryption hides what it says.** This encoder adds a version marker, byte length, and checksum before placing the text into the image. Those fields let a compatible decoder distinguish a real CanDoYa payload from random pixel noise and detect damaged data. The cover can be JPG, PNG, or WebP, but the result is always PNG. PNG preserves exact channel values. A lossy format, image editor, crop, resize, or messaging service that recompresses pictures can change the low bits and make the message unreadable. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a cover image** - Drop a JPG, PNG, or WebP image into the workspace, or click the upload area to choose one from your device. 2. **Enter the message** - Type or paste the text to hide. Watch the UTF-8 byte meter to make sure the image has enough pixel capacity. 3. **Encode and verify** - Select Hide text in image. The tool embeds the versioned payload and reads it back from the changed pixels to verify integrity. 4. **Download the PNG** - Save the encoded PNG without resizing, editing, or converting it. Use a compatible reveal tool to recover the message later. ## Who it's for - **Puzzle and ARG creators** can place clues in artwork without adding visible text or metadata. - **Teachers and students** can demonstrate least-significant-bit encoding with a result they can inspect and decode. - **Developers and security learners** can create deterministic UTF-8 test carriers for steganography exercises. - **Friends and creative teams** can tuck a harmless surprise note into an image while keeping the picture visually unchanged. ## Expert note One RGB bit per channel gives roughly three hidden bits per pixel, minus a 12-byte header. Text capacity therefore depends on UTF-8 bytes, not JavaScript character count: emoji and many non-Latin characters use more than one byte. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my image or message uploaded anywhere? No. The browser decodes the cover image, embeds the message, verifies it, and creates the PNG locally. CanDoYa does not receive the selected file or hidden text. Clearing or leaving the page releases the temporary preview and generated download URL. ### Is this image steganography tool free? Yes. You can hide text in images without an account, subscription, watermark, or server upload. The practical limits are a 25 MB input file, 8192 pixels on either edge, 20 megapixels, and the text capacity available in the selected image. ### How much text can I hide in an image? The encoder uses one bit from each red, green, and blue channel, which provides about three bits per pixel. It reserves 12 bytes for a format marker, message length, and checksum. The live byte meter shows the exact remaining capacity for your image. ### Can someone see that the image contains hidden text? The pixel changes are normally invisible to the eye because each used color channel changes by at most one value out of 256. However, steganalysis can detect patterns in basic LSB encoding. Treat this as concealment for learning or low-risk sharing, not proof that a message is undetectable. ### Does steganography encrypt my message? No. This tool hides the message but does not encrypt it. Anyone with a compatible decoder can read the text if they obtain the encoded PNG. Encrypt sensitive information with a trusted encryption tool before placing the ciphertext in an image. ### Why does the result always download as PNG? PNG stores pixel values losslessly, so the low bits carrying the message survive the export. JPG and lossy WebP change pixel values during compression. Converting the result to those formats, resizing it, applying a filter, or taking a screenshot may destroy the payload. ### Can I hide emoji or text in other languages? Yes. The message is encoded as UTF-8, so it supports emoji and writing systems such as Japanese, Arabic, and Cyrillic. These characters may use multiple bytes, so the byte meter can rise faster than the visible character count. ## Related tools - [Image Dimensions Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-dimensions-checker/) - [Image Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-diff-compare/) - [EXIF Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/exif-metadata-viewer/) - [Add Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-watermark/) - [QR Code Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-decoder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Stereo to Mono Converter - Free Online" description: "Convert stereo to mono online, preview the channel mix, and download a private mono WAV. Keep both channels or choose the cleanest side." url: https://candoya.com/tools/stereo-to-mono/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Stereo to Mono Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does a stereo to mono converter do? A stereo to mono converter combines a recording's left and right channels into one channel that plays consistently on mono systems. Add an audio file, average both sides or keep one side, preview the result, and download a mono WAV. The file stays in your browser throughout the conversion. This converter reads the channels with the Web Audio API and writes an uncompressed 16-bit mono WAV. Mix mode averages the channels sample by sample, while left-only and right-only modes help when an interview, camera, or field recorder captured the useful microphone on just one side. A mono file can be simpler for speech, phone playback, accessibility mixes, and editors that require a one-channel source. Browser codec support varies, so MP3 and WAV are the safest inputs; M4A, OGG, FLAC, and other audio formats work where your browser can decode them. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop a stereo MP3, WAV, M4A, OGG, FLAC, or another browser-decodable audio file into the tool. 2. **Choose a mix** - Average the left and right channels, or keep only the side with the audio you need. 3. **Create the mono file** - Run the local conversion, then listen to the mono preview and compare it with the source. 4. **Download the WAV** - Save the uncompressed 16-bit mono WAV for playback or further editing. ## Who it's for - **Podcast and interview editors** can combine split-channel speech or keep the cleaner microphone side. - **Video creators** can prepare one-channel voiceovers for an editor, upload form, or transcription workflow. - **Musicians and audio engineers** can check how a stereo mix collapses before publishing it for mono playback. - **Archivists and researchers** can make a simple mono WAV from compatible source audio without uploading recordings. ## Expert note Arithmetic averaging uses (L + R) / 2, so identical centered material keeps its level instead of gaining 6 dB. Strongly out-of-phase content can still cancel, which is why this tool flags negative channel correlation and offers left-only or right-only export. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. The browser reads, mixes, previews, and exports the audio locally. The source recording and converted WAV stay in the current tab, and temporary file URLs are released when you replace the audio, clear the tool, refresh, or close the page. ### Is the stereo to mono converter free? Yes. You can convert and download mono WAV files without an account, payment, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limit depends on your device's memory because the browser holds the compressed source, decoded channels, and output WAV during processing. ### What file size and audio limits apply? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile and lower-memory devices and 250 MB on typical desktops. Very long audio can require far more memory after decoding. Input formats depend on browser support, and every finished download is an uncompressed 16-bit mono WAV. ### How are stereo channels mixed into mono? The default mode averages the sample values from every decoded channel. For ordinary stereo, the formula is (left + right) / 2. This keeps identical centered sound near its original amplitude and leaves headroom compared with simply adding both channels together. ### Why does some audio get quieter in mono? Sounds can become quieter when the left and right channels contain opposing waveforms. Their sample values partially cancel when averaged. The tool checks left-right correlation and warns about a strong risk, but listening to the preview is the best final check. ### Can I keep only the left or right channel? Yes. Left-only and right-only modes copy that channel into the mono output without mixing in the other side. This is useful for interviews and camera recordings where separate microphones were recorded to separate stereo channels, or one channel contains noise. ### Does converting to mono reduce file size? A one-channel PCM WAV uses half the audio data of a two-channel PCM WAV with the same sample rate and bit depth. However, a mono WAV may still be larger than a compressed MP3, M4A, or OGG source because WAV output is uncompressed. ### Can I convert a file that is already mono? Yes. The tool detects a one-channel source and exports its samples as a standard mono WAV. Mix and left-only modes produce the same channel content, while right-only is disabled because there is no second channel to select. ## Related tools - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Audio Volume Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Subtitle Extractor - Export Video Tracks to SRT" description: "Extract embedded subtitles from MKV, MP4, MOV, or WebM video and download an editable SRT file. Private browser processing with no upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/subtitle-extractor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Subtitle Extractor Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do I extract subtitles from a video? A subtitle extractor finds text subtitle streams stored inside a video container and exports the track as a separate SRT file. Choose a video, scan its tracks, select the language you need, and download the result. The video stays on your device while a browser-based FFmpeg engine does the work. This tool reads embedded subtitle streams from common video containers such as MKV, MP4, MOV, and WebM. It shows each track's language and codec before converting the selected text stream to SubRip SRT. ASS and SSA styling is omitted because SRT stores timing and text, not advanced positioning or typography. Embedded subtitles are different from captions painted into the picture. Burned-in captions need frame-by-frame OCR, while a video with speech but no subtitle stream needs transcription. The extractor reports those cases honestly instead of returning an empty file. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MKV, MP4, MOV, WebM, AVI, MPEG, or another supported container into the extractor. 2. **Scan its streams** - Start the local scan and wait while the browser reads the video's track metadata. 3. **Select a text track** - Compare the language and codec labels, then choose the embedded subtitle stream you want. 4. **Export SRT** - Extract the selected track, review or copy the text, and download the separate SRT file. ## Who it's for - **Editors** can save a subtitle track before transcoding, compressing, or replacing a video container. - **Translators** can turn an embedded text stream into an editable SRT file for localization work. - **Students and researchers** can recover captions from lectures or archived recordings for note-taking. - **Media librarians** can separate language tracks from MKV collections without uploading large source files. ## Expert note FFmpeg calls this operation demuxing: it selects one stream from a container. Converting ASS, SSA, WebVTT, or MP4 mov_text to SRT preserves cue timing and text, but SRT cannot preserve font, color, placement, karaoke, or other rich styling instructions. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I extract subtitles? No. Your file is read from a browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg in this tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but the selected video, stream metadata, and extracted SRT are not uploaded to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is this subtitle extractor free? Yes. You can scan a video, select an embedded text subtitle track, copy the result, and download SRT without an account, watermark, or usage credit. Browser memory is the practical limit, so very large feature films may work better in desktop software such as FFmpeg or MKVToolNix. ### Which video formats can I use? The extractor accepts common containers including MKV, MP4, MOV, WebM, AVI, MPEG, TS, and WMV. Actual success depends on the subtitle codec inside the container. Text formats such as SRT, ASS, SSA, WebVTT, and mov_text can usually be converted to SRT. ### Can it extract hardcoded or burned-in subtitles? No. Burned-in subtitles are pixels in each video frame, not a separate subtitle stream. Recovering them requires optical character recognition across many frames. This tool only extracts embedded streams and will show a clear no-tracks result when a video contains only burned-in captions. ### Can it create subtitles from speech? No. Audio transcription creates new text by recognizing speech, while this tool retrieves subtitle text already stored in the video container. If the scan finds no subtitle stream, use a speech-to-text or automatic caption tool instead of trying another output format. ### Why is an embedded subtitle track marked as image-based? Blu-ray PGS and DVD VobSub tracks store timed bitmap images rather than characters. They are real embedded subtitle streams, but converting their pictures into editable SRT requires OCR. The scanner lists them so you know the track exists, then prevents a misleading text export. ### Will SRT preserve subtitle styling? No. SRT preserves cue order, start and end times, and basic text. Rich formats such as ASS or SSA can also describe fonts, colors, screen positions, animations, and karaoke timing. Those presentation details are lost when the selected track is converted to a simpler SRT file. ## Related tools - [SRT Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/srt-editor/) - [Subtitle Burner](https://candoya.com/tools/burn-in-subtitles/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) - [Audio Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/extract-audio-from-video/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Sudoku Solver - Complete Any 9 x 9 Puzzle" description: "Solve any standard 9 x 9 Sudoku puzzle online. Enter the clues, catch conflicts instantly, and copy the completed grid without uploads or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/sudoku-solver/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Sudoku Solver Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What does a Sudoku solver do? A Sudoku solver completes a standard 9 x 9 number puzzle so every row, column, and 3 x 3 box contains the digits 1 through 9 exactly once. Enter your starting clues and this browser tool checks them for conflicts, finds a valid solution, and marks solved cells separately from your original numbers. The solver works locally in your browser, so the puzzle is not uploaded and no account is needed. It uses constraint checking plus backtracking: it tries the cell with the fewest legal candidates first, which avoids much of the blind searching done by a simple left-to-right solver. Duplicate digits are highlighted before solving. A puzzle can also be valid so far but impossible to finish; in that case, the grid stays unchanged and the status explains that no complete solution exists. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the clues** - Select each matching square and type a digit from 1 to 9, or tap a digit on the number pad. Leave unknown cells blank. 2. **Fix highlighted conflicts** - If a digit repeats in a row, column, or 3 x 3 box, the conflicting cells turn red. Correct them before solving. 3. **Solve the puzzle** - Choose Solve puzzle. Your clues stay dark while the digits found by the solver use the accent color. 4. **Copy or start again** - Copy the completed grid as nine text rows, or reset the board and enter another puzzle. ## Who it's for - **Stuck puzzle solvers** who want to check the finished grid after making their own deductions. - **Puzzle setters** testing whether a set of clues can produce a complete valid grid. - **Teachers and learners** comparing starting clues with solved cells using the two number styles. - **Mobile players** entering a printed puzzle with a large on-screen number pad instead of a keyboard. ## Expert note A grid with no duplicate clues is not necessarily solvable. This solver also checks the deeper case where every clue is locally legal but the remaining candidates eventually reach a dead end. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Sudoku solver free? Yes. You can enter and solve as many standard 9 x 9 puzzles as you like without payment, registration, or a download. The example, conflict checker, full solver, mobile keypad, and copy function are all available for free. ### Is my Sudoku puzzle uploaded? No. The puzzle is checked and solved by JavaScript running in your browser. Your clues are not sent to a solving server, stored in an account, or included in the copied result unless you choose to paste that result somewhere else. ### What kinds of Sudoku can this tool solve? It solves classic 9 x 9 Sudoku puzzles that use digits 1 through 9 and the standard row, column, and 3 x 3 box rules. It does not support variants with cages, diagonals, irregular regions, extra symbols, or grids of another size. ### How does the Sudoku solver find the answer? The solver calculates the legal candidates for each blank cell, selects the blank with the fewest options, and tries those values in turn. If a choice creates a dead end, it backtracks and tries the next candidate until it finds a complete valid grid or proves none exists. ### Why are some Sudoku cells highlighted red? Red cells contain a repeated digit within the same row, column, or 3 x 3 box. Every cell involved in that conflict is highlighted, not just the most recently edited one. Change or erase one of the duplicates before pressing Solve puzzle. ### Can a Sudoku have more than one solution? Yes. A loosely constrained grid can allow several valid completions. A properly published Sudoku is normally designed to have exactly one solution. This tool finds a valid completion; it does not certify that the completion is unique. ### Can I use the Sudoku solver on a phone? Yes. Tap a cell and use the number pad below the grid, including the erase key. On a hardware keyboard you can type digits, use the arrow keys to move between cells, and press Backspace or Delete to clear the selected cell. ## Related tools - [2048 Game](https://candoya.com/tools/2048-game/) - [Maze Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/maze-generator/) - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Reaction Time Test](https://candoya.com/tools/reaction-time-test/) - [Typing Speed Test](https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SVG Optimizer - Minify SVG Online" description: "Free SVG optimizer to minify vector files with SVGO, compare exact byte savings and preview the result. Files stay in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/svg-optimizer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SVG Optimizer Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an SVG optimizer do? An SVG optimizer reduces vector file size by removing editor metadata, comments, redundant attributes and unnecessary numeric precision. Paste markup or choose a file to run SVGO in your browser, compare the original and optimized previews, then copy or download the smaller SVG without uploading your artwork. This tool runs the official **SVGO browser engine** only after you click Optimize. It uses the standard plugin preset, removes scripts and event handlers for safer web use, and lets you keep IDs when CSS, JavaScript, gradients, masks or external references depend on them. ## How to use it 1. **Add your SVG** - Paste complete SVG markup, drag a local .svg file onto the uploader, or load the built-in example. 2. **Choose safe settings** - Set numeric precision, keep multipass enabled for extra reductions, and preserve IDs if other code refers to them. 3. **Optimize and compare** - Run SVGO, then review the original and optimized byte counts plus both visual previews. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the compact markup or download a new .optimized.svg file while keeping your source artwork unchanged. ## Who it's for - **Frontend developers** shrinking icons, logos and illustrations before adding them to a site or component library. - **Designers** cleaning metadata and editor-specific markup from Figma, Illustrator, Sketch or Inkscape exports. - **Performance teams** measuring exact UTF-8 byte savings before shipping vector assets in a web bundle. - **Component authors** preparing compact inline SVG markup for React, Vue, Svelte or plain HTML. ## Expert note An SVG can look identical in an image preview yet behave differently when embedded inline. IDs may be targets for CSS, JavaScript, gradients, masks, clip paths and aria references, so preserve them unless the file is a self-contained image with no outside dependencies. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this SVG optimizer free? Yes. You can optimize SVG files without an account, payment or installation. The tool shows the exact UTF-8 byte change and lets you copy or download the result directly from your browser. ### Is my SVG uploaded to a server? No. File reading, SVGO processing, byte measurement and preview generation happen locally in your browser. Your logos, icons and unpublished artwork are not uploaded by this tool. ### How large an SVG can I optimize? The tool accepts SVG source up to 5 MB. That limit keeps parsing responsive on phones and typical laptops. Very large exported illustrations may work better after you remove embedded raster images or split the artwork into smaller assets. ### Will SVG optimization change how the image looks? SVGO is designed to preserve rendering while removing redundant data, but aggressive numeric rounding or ID cleanup can affect complex files. Compare both previews and test the optimized SVG in its real embedding context before replacing a production asset. ### What does decimal precision change? Decimal precision controls how many fractional digits SVGO keeps in coordinates, transforms and related numeric values. Lower values often save more bytes but can visibly shift very detailed or unusually large artwork. Three digits is a practical default for most web icons and illustrations. ### Should I preserve SVG IDs? Keep IDs when CSS, JavaScript, aria attributes, gradients, masks, filters or external documents refer to them. You can turn preservation off for self-contained decorative files when you want SVGO to remove or shorten unused identifiers. ### Does the optimizer remove scripts from SVG files? Yes. The optimization pipeline removes script elements, event-handler attributes and JavaScript links. This makes exported files safer for ordinary web image use, but it also means this tool is not suitable for SVG applications whose intended behavior depends on scripts. ### What does multipass optimization do? Multipass lets SVGO process the output again while each pass makes it smaller. Some transformations expose new cleanup opportunities for the next pass. It can improve compression slightly, although the first pass usually produces most of the savings. ## Related tools - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [HTML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/html-formatter/) - [CSS Clamp Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/css-clamp-calculator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "SVG Pattern Generator - Free Seamless Backgrounds" description: "Create seamless, tileable SVG background patterns in your browser. Pick a shape, colors, size and thickness, then copy the CSS or SVG. No sign-up, runs locally." url: https://candoya.com/tools/svg-pattern-maker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free SVG Pattern Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is an SVG pattern generator? An SVG pattern generator builds a seamless, repeating background from geometric shapes like dots, lines, grids and zigzags. You choose the shape, colors, tile size and line thickness, and it outputs a tiny, resolution-independent SVG plus ready-to-paste CSS. Everything is generated in your browser, so nothing is uploaded. This tool assembles the pattern as plain SVG markup, so the result is razor-sharp at any zoom or screen density and usually just a few hundred bytes, far lighter than a PNG tile. Copy the CSS to drop a repeating `background-image` straight into a stylesheet, or copy the standalone SVG file to use it as an asset. Nothing you make is sent anywhere: the pattern is drawn entirely on your device, so it keeps working offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Pick a pattern** - Choose a shape - dots, rings, grid, diagonal, crosshatch, plus, zigzag and more - from the swatches. 2. **Set colors and shape** - Choose a foreground and background color (or make the background transparent), then adjust the size, thickness and opacity sliders while the preview updates live. 3. **Copy or download** - Switch between the CSS and SVG tabs, copy the code, or download the standalone .svg file to use anywhere. ## Who it's for - **Web developers** adding a subtle, lightweight background texture to a hero, card or section without shipping an image file. - **UI and brand designers** prototyping seamless textures in on-brand colors and exporting them as crisp SVG assets. - **Email and slide builders** who need a small, tileable pattern that renders sharply on any display. - **Students and hobbyists** learning how SVG `` and CSS background tiling work by tweaking values and reading the output. - **Content creators** generating quick decorative backdrops for thumbnails, banners and mockups. ## Expert note The CSS output encodes the tile as a URL-escaped SVG data URI and repeats it with background-image, while the downloadable SVG uses a native element to fill a canvas - two different mechanisms that produce the identical seamless result. Because the tile is transparent in the CSS version, you can recolor the whole background just by changing the background-color line, without regenerating the pattern. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the SVG pattern generator free? Yes, it is completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Every pattern is generated in your browser, so you can make and copy as many as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### Are the patterns really seamless? Yes. Each shape is drawn so its edges line up exactly with the neighboring tile, and the pattern repeats on a fixed grid. Both the CSS background-image and the SVG element tile the same cell edge to edge with no visible seams. ### Should I use the CSS or the SVG output? Use the CSS to paste a repeating background straight into a stylesheet - it is the quickest for websites. Use the SVG download when you need a standalone file, for example as an image asset, in a design tool, or embedded directly in HTML. ### Why use an SVG pattern instead of a PNG? SVG is vector, so it stays perfectly sharp at any zoom level or screen density and never pixelates. A geometric SVG tile is usually only a few hundred bytes, far smaller than an equivalent PNG, and you can restyle its colors any time without re-exporting. ### Can I make the background transparent? Yes. Tick the Transparent option and the background fill is dropped, so the pattern shows only the foreground shapes. This lets you layer the pattern over an existing color, image or gradient. ### Is my design uploaded anywhere? No. The whole pattern is built locally in your browser with plain SVG markup and nothing is sent to a server, so your colors and settings stay private on your device. ## Related tools - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Mesh Gradient Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/mesh-gradient-generator/) - [Glassmorphism Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/glassmorphism-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Syllable Counter for Words, Poems and Text" description: "Free syllable counter to estimate syllables in English words, poems, and text by line. Get instant per-word results privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/syllable-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Syllable Counter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a syllable counter? A syllable counter estimates the pronunciation beats in English words, sentences, and poems. Type or paste text to see a live total, the average per word, and separate counts for every line and unique word. The analysis runs locally in your browser, so your writing is never uploaded. The counter combines English vowel-group rules with silent-ending checks and common irregular words. For example, it counts **queue** as one syllable, **poetry** as three, and **syllable** as three. It estimates pronunciation rather than splitting a word into spelling chunks. ## How to use it 1. **Enter English text** - Type or paste a word, sentence, poem, or longer passage into the workspace. 2. **Read the live total** - The total, word count, average, and line count update instantly as you edit. 3. **Inspect each beat** - Use the line and word breakdowns to find the part of your writing that needs adjustment. 4. **Copy the report** - Copy the summary and word counts when you want to keep or compare the result. ## Who it's for - **Poets and haiku writers** checking the beat count of each line. - **Songwriters and speakers** comparing rhythm across lyrics or scripts. - **Teachers and students** practicing how English words break into spoken beats. - **Editors** reviewing syllable density before a readability check. ## Expert note Count spoken vowel sounds, not written vowels: the final e in make is silent, the ending in table adds a beat, and words such as fire can vary by accent. Use the estimate as a fast writing check, then say an uncertain line aloud. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Syllable counting happens locally with JavaScript in your browser. Your poem, lyrics, classroom work, or other text is not sent to CanDoYa for processing, and you do not need to create an account. ### Is the syllable counter free? Yes. The counter is free to use without sign-up, downloads, or a paid limit. It runs on the text already in your browser, so you can check one word or paste a longer passage whenever you need it. ### How much text can I check? There is no fixed character limit in the tool. Very large documents depend on your device and browser, but typical poems, lyrics, speeches, and articles are analyzed immediately. The visible word chips are capped for a tidy interface, while every word remains included in totals. ### How accurate is an online syllable counter? It is an estimate based on written-English patterns and common exceptions. English spelling has irregular words, names, acronyms, loanwords, and accent differences that no compact rule set resolves perfectly. Review any surprising word by saying it aloud or checking a pronunciation dictionary. ### Can I count syllables by line for a poem? Yes. Each non-empty line gets its own syllable total, so you can compare lines in a haiku, sonnet, lyric, or speech. Blank lines are ignored, while their original line numbers remain visible to help you find the matching text. ### Does this verify a 5-7-5 haiku? The line breakdown makes a 5-7-5 pattern easy to check, but it does not decide whether a poem is a haiku. English-language haiku often use rhythm, imagery, and brevity rather than treating seventeen syllables as the only requirement. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Tailwind Palette Generator - Custom Color Scale" description: "Generate an 11-shade Tailwind color palette from any hex. Preview every 50-950 shade and copy Tailwind v4, v3, CSS, or JSON code." url: https://candoya.com/tools/tailwind-palette-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Tailwind Palette Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a Tailwind palette generator? A Tailwind palette generator turns one brand color into a complete 11-step scale from 50 to 950. Choose which shade keeps your exact input, preview the result on light and dark surfaces, then copy the palette as Tailwind v4 theme variables, a v3 config object, CSS variables, or JSON. Tailwind projects need more than one brand hex. Hover states, subtle backgrounds, borders, readable text, and dark themes all need related shades. This tool creates that ladder in **perceptually uniform OKLCH color space**, reduces chroma when a generated shade falls outside the sRGB gamut, and keeps your chosen anchor color byte-for-byte. Tailwind v4 uses `@theme` variables in the `--color-*` namespace. The v4 export follows that convention with OKLCH values, while the v3 export produces an `extend.colors` object with hex values. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your base color** - Type a 3- or 6-digit hex value or use the color picker. The 11 shades update instantly. 2. **Choose the anchor shade** - Select the step that must equal your exact input. Shade 500 is the common default, while 400 or 600 may fit lighter or darker brand colors. 3. **Name and inspect the scale** - Set a lowercase token name, then click individual swatches to copy hex values and check the light and dark previews. 4. **Copy the right format** - Choose Tailwind v4, Tailwind v3, CSS variables, or JSON and copy the complete code block. ## Who it's for - **Front-end developers** extending a Tailwind theme with a custom brand or product color. - **Design-system teams** turning an approved hex into consistent background, border, hover, and text tokens. - **Product designers** testing one scale across both light and dark interface surfaces before handing it to engineering. - **Agencies** creating copy-ready Tailwind, CSS, or JSON tokens for several client identities. ## Expert note A generated scale is a strong starting point, not a claim that every adjacent pair is accessible. Test the exact foreground and background combinations you plan to ship, especially mid-range shades around 400 to 700, because WCAG contrast depends on the pair rather than the shade number. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Tailwind palette generator free? Yes. You can generate and copy unlimited color scales without an account, watermark, or paid export. Every format shown in the workspace is available immediately. ### Is my brand color uploaded anywhere? No. Palette generation and export formatting run entirely in your browser. The hex value and color name you enter are not sent to a processing server. ### What shades does a Tailwind color palette include? A current Tailwind color family normally contains 11 numbered steps: 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 950. Lower numbers are lighter and higher numbers are darker. ### Does the base color have to be shade 500? No. Shade 500 is a useful default, but you can anchor your input at any step from 50 to 950. The generator keeps that anchor exact and redistributes lighter and darker steps around it. ### Should I use Tailwind v4 or v3 output? Use the Tailwind v4 export for projects configured with CSS-first `@theme` variables. Use the v3 export when your project still extends colors in `tailwind.config.js`. CSS variables and JSON are framework-neutral alternatives. ### Why does the generator use OKLCH? OKLCH makes lightness changes more visually even than simple RGB or HSL mixing. It also separates lightness, chroma, and hue, so the generator can shape a readable ladder while preserving the character of your base color. ### Are generated Tailwind shades automatically accessible? No shade number guarantees accessible contrast. The preview helps you inspect the scale, but you should test every real text and background pair against the WCAG target your product requires. ## Related tools - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Accessible Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "TDEE Calculator - Daily Calorie Needs" description: "Free TDEE calculator for daily calorie needs. Estimate maintenance calories from age, height, weight, sex and activity in metric or US units." url: https://candoya.com/tools/tdee-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # TDEE Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a TDEE calculator? A TDEE calculator estimates your total daily energy expenditure: the calories your body uses in an average day at rest, during movement and while digesting food. It first estimates basal metabolic rate, then applies an activity factor to give you a practical starting point for maintenance calories. The calculator updates as you type and shows the assumption behind the answer. Your resting BMR comes from the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, while the selected activity factor accounts for the rest of a typical day. Everything is calculated locally in your browser, with no account or upload. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your units** - Select metric for centimetres and kilograms, or US units for feet, inches and pounds. 2. **Enter your details** - Choose the sex constant used by the formula, then enter your adult age, height and weight. 3. **Pick an activity level** - Choose the description that best matches your average week, including work and planned exercise. 4. **Read the estimate** - Review daily TDEE, resting BMR, the amount above rest, the weekly total and the exact activity multiplier. ## Who it's for - **People planning meals** who need a starting estimate of daily maintenance calories before tracking real results. - **Gym members and athletes** comparing how different activity assumptions change estimated energy needs. - **Coaches and students** checking the full BMR multiplied by activity calculation instead of using a hidden result. - **Metric and US unit users** who want the same method without converting height or weight first. ## Expert note The activity multiplier is usually the largest source of uncertainty: choosing 1.55 instead of 1.375 changes the result by about 13% even when age, height and weight stay the same. Start conservatively, then compare the estimate with several weeks of consistent intake and weight data. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this TDEE calculator free? Yes. You can calculate TDEE as often as you like without signing up or paying. The estimate updates live when you change a measurement or activity level, and you can copy the result for later reference. ### Are my health details uploaded? No. Age, height, weight, sex and activity level stay in your browser while the calculation runs. The tool does not need an account or upload. Clear the fields when you are finished, especially on a shared device. ### What limits does this calculator have? This version is intended for adults aged 18 to 120 and accepts broad adult height and weight ranges. It is a population-based estimate, not a medical measurement, and it is not designed for children, pregnancy or conditions that substantially affect energy needs. ### How is TDEE calculated? The calculator estimates BMR with the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, then multiplies that number by the selected activity factor. The available factors run from 1.2 for a mostly sedentary day to 1.9 for very demanding training combined with an active lifestyle. ### What activity level should I choose? Include both exercise and ordinary movement. A desk job plus three workouts may still fit lightly or moderately active, while a physical job can justify a higher level. If two descriptions seem plausible, use the lower estimate first and compare it with your weight trend over several weeks. ### Is TDEE the same as maintenance calories? Estimated TDEE is commonly used as a starting value for maintenance calories because energy intake near expenditure tends to support stable weight. Daily needs vary, though, so your longer-term weight trend provides better personal feedback than a single calculator result. ### Why is my TDEE different on another calculator? Calculators may use different BMR equations, activity multipliers, rounding rules or body-fat inputs. Even with the same formula, selecting a different activity description can shift the answer by hundreds of calories. Compare the stated method and assumptions, not only the final number. ## Related tools - [BMR Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmr-calculator/) - [BMI Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/bmi-calculator/) - [Calories Burned by Activity Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/calories-burned-by-activity/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Temperature Converter - Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin" description: "Free temperature converter for Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Type a value and get all three scales at once, with the formula shown - instant, no sign-up, runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Temperature Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert a temperature between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin? Pick the scale you're starting from and type the number. To go from Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 9/5 and add 32; to reach Kelvin, add 273.15. This free converter does every direction as you type and shows all three scales at once, entirely in your browser. The three scales share the same physics, only their zero points and step sizes differ. Water freezes at 0 °C, 32 °F and 273.15 K; a Celsius degree and a Kelvin are the same size, while a Fahrenheit degree is 5/9 as large. This tool converts through Celsius as a pivot, so every pairing - C to F, F to C, C to K, K to F and so on - uses the same exact constants and stays consistent. Choose the starting scale, type a value (a dot or a comma both work as the decimal mark), and the big number plus the three-way panel update instantly. Nothing is uploaded; the math runs on the page. ## How to use it 1. **Pick the starting scale** - Choose °C, °F or K in the 'Convert from' selector so the tool knows which scale your number is in. 2. **Type the temperature** - Enter a number in the field. Decimals and negative values are fine - use a dot or a comma, e.g. 25 or -12,5. 3. **Read all three scales** - The primary result appears as a big number, with Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin shown together beneath it. Use Copy result to grab all three. ## Who it's for - **Cooking and baking** - convert an oven or recipe temperature written in one scale into the one your oven uses, e.g. 180 °C to 356 °F. - **Weather and travel** reading a forecast in Celsius when you think in Fahrenheit, or the reverse, before you pack. - **Fever and health checks** turning a body temperature like 37 °C into 98.6 °F, or 100.4 °F back into 38 °C. - **Science and homework** converting lab readings between Celsius and Kelvin, where absolute zero (0 K) is the floor. - **Engineering and HVAC** moving set-points and readings between metric and imperial temperature scales. ## Expert note A quick sanity check most people miss: -40 is the one temperature where Celsius and Fahrenheit read exactly the same (-40 °C = -40 °F), because the two scales cross there. Kelvin never goes negative - 0 K is absolute zero (-273.15 °C), the coldest anything can be - so if a Kelvin conversion comes out below zero, the input was physically impossible, which is why this tool flags it. And note Kelvin is written without a degree sign: it's '300 K', not '300 °K'. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the temperature converter free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. Every conversion runs entirely in your browser and nothing you type is uploaded or stored. ### How do I convert Celsius to Fahrenheit? Multiply the Celsius value by 9/5 (that is 1.8) and add 32. So 25 °C is 25 × 1.8 + 32 = 77 °F, and 37 °C is 98.6 °F. This tool does it instantly and also shows the Kelvin value. ### How do I convert Fahrenheit to Celsius? Subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9. So 98.6 °F is (98.6 - 32) × 5/9 = 37 °C, and 212 °F is 100 °C. Select °F as the starting scale and the tool handles it for you. ### How do I convert Celsius to Kelvin? Add 273.15. So 0 °C is 273.15 K and 100 °C is 373.15 K. The size of one Kelvin is identical to one Celsius degree, so the two scales only differ by that fixed offset. ### What is 0 Kelvin in Celsius and Fahrenheit? 0 K is absolute zero, which is -273.15 °C and -459.67 °F. Nothing can be colder, so any conversion that produces a temperature below this is physically impossible - the tool warns you when that happens. ### At what temperature are Celsius and Fahrenheit equal? At -40 degrees: -40 °C is exactly -40 °F. It is the single point where the two scales meet, which makes it a handy way to check a conversion is set up correctly. ### Why does Kelvin not use a degree symbol? Because Kelvin is an SI base unit, not a scale of degrees relative to a reference. It is written '300 K', spoken as '300 kelvin', while Celsius and Fahrenheit keep the degree sign (°C, °F). ## Related tools - [Meters to Feet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/meters-to-feet/) - [BTU to kW Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/btu-to-kw/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Text Classifier - Private AI Categories" description: "Use a private AI text classifier to sort English text by topic, message type, or meeting-note purpose. Runs on your device with no text upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-classifier/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Text Classifier Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a text classifier? A text classifier assigns a passage to one category from a defined set. This private tool ranks English text by content topic, message type, or meeting-note purpose using an on-device MobileBERT model. You can inspect every category score, while the text itself stays inside your browser. **This text classification tool uses Xenova's MobileBERT MNLI model through Transformers.js.** Instead of asking you to invent labels, it provides three practical five-label sets. Content topic covers world news, business, science and technology, sports, and culture. Message type separates questions, requests, complaints, feedback, and status updates. Meeting note identifies action items, decisions, risks, open questions, and background information. The worker downloads public model files only after you start a classification. It tries WebGPU first and falls back to WebAssembly on the CPU. The first download is roughly 22 to 28 MB, depending on the backend, and browsers normally cache it. Your entered text is not included in those file requests. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a classification set** - Select Content topic, Message type, or Meeting note. The five labels in that set appear below the selector. 2. **Enter a focused passage** - Paste an English sentence or short paragraph. Keep mixed-topic documents separate so one passage represents one main idea. 3. **Run the on-device model** - Select Classify text and allow the first model download to finish. WebGPU is used when available, with a CPU fallback. 4. **Review the full ranking** - Compare the leading category with the remaining scores, note any close-match warning, and copy the result if it is useful. ## Who it's for - **Editors and researchers** can triage short English articles into a consistent topic set before reviewing edge cases by hand. - **Support and operations teams** can distinguish questions, requests, complaints, feedback, and status updates in sample messages. - **Meeting and voice-note users** can check whether a transcript excerpt reads like an action item, decision, risk, open question, or background note. - **Developers and analysts** can test a ready-made classification workflow before investing in training data or a hosted API. ## Expert note This classifier compares the same passage with every label as a natural-language inference problem. Scores are relative to the selected set: changing from Content topic to Message type changes both the question asked of the model and the meaning of every score. Validate representative examples before using the ranking in a workflow. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Classification runs in a worker inside your browser, and your pasted text is not sent to CanDoYa, jsDelivr, or Hugging Face. The worker requests the public Transformers.js runtime and model files. Those download requests do not contain the text you entered. ### Is the text classifier free? Yes. There is no account, API key, payment, or server-side usage quota. Your device performs the inference. The practical costs are the first model download, local processing time, browser storage, and any network data used to fetch the public model files. ### How much text can I classify? The tool accepts any pasted text but classifies the first 1,600 Unicode characters after whitespace is normalized. One focused sentence or short paragraph usually works better than a long document with several unrelated topics, requests, or decisions competing for one label. ### What categories does the classifier use? You can choose one of three fixed sets. Content topic has five broad editorial topics. Message type has question, request, complaint, feedback, and status update. Meeting note has action item, decision, risk, open question, and background information. Every run ranks all five labels in the chosen set. ### How accurate is the AI text classifier? Accuracy depends on how closely your passage and labels resemble the English examples the MobileBERT model learned from. A wide score gap is more persuasive than a narrow one, but neither is proof. Short fragments, mixed topics, sarcasm, specialist language, and ambiguous intent can all produce weak rankings. ### Which languages does the classifier support? The MobileBERT natural language inference model is trained for English, so this page marks the results English only. Other languages may still produce scores, but those values do not have the same training basis and should not be treated as reliable classifications. ### Does the classifier work without WebGPU? Yes. The worker tries WebGPU when a compatible browser and graphics adapter expose it. If WebGPU is unavailable or fails, the tool reloads the same model with the WebAssembly CPU backend. That fallback keeps text local but can take longer to load and run. ### How is this different from a zero-shot classifier? This page gives you three ready-made label sets for common tasks, so you can classify text immediately and compare consistent categories. The zero-shot classifier is the flexible option when you need to write your own labels or decide whether several custom labels can apply at once. ## Related tools - [Zero-Shot Classifier](https://candoya.com/tools/zero-shot-classifier/) - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Text Diff Checker - Compare Two Texts Online" description: "Free online text diff and compare tool. Paste two texts and see line-by-line and word-level differences in your browser, with ignore-case and ignore-whitespace options." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Text Diff Checker Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a text diff checker? A text diff checker compares two versions of a text and highlights what was added, removed or changed between them. This tool runs a Myers diff (the same minimal-edit algorithm git uses) entirely in your browser: paste an original on the left, a new version on the right, and you get a side-by-side view with line numbers, word-level highlights on changed lines, and counts of added, removed and unchanged lines. Diff runs as you type and stays on your device - nothing is uploaded, so it's safe for unpublished drafts, contracts, source code and AI prompts. The line diff uses the Myers algorithm to find the *minimal* set of insertions and deletions that turn the left text into the right one - the same approach that powers `git diff` - so the highlights track what actually moved instead of going red from one edit onward. On lines that changed in place, a second word-level pass picks out the words that changed, with strike-through on what was removed and a green wash on what was added. Two toggles tame the noise: **Ignore case** treats `Hello` and `HELLO` as equal, and **Ignore whitespace** ignores indent changes, trailing spaces and double spaces. Hit **Swap sides** to flip the comparison direction without retyping, or **Copy as patch** to grab a unified `- / +` patch of just the changes. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the original** - Drop the original text into the left box. It can be a sentence, a paragraph or thousands of lines - the diff runs in the browser. 2. **Paste the changed version** - Drop the new version into the right box. The side-by-side diff updates as you type, with line numbers and word-level highlights on lines that changed in place. 3. **Filter the noise** - Toggle Ignore case or Ignore whitespace if those differences are not meaningful. Use Swap sides to flip the comparison, or Copy as patch to copy a unified diff of just the changes. ## Who it's for - **Prompt engineers** diffing two versions of an LLM prompt to see exactly which line moved the model output - paste yesterday's prompt on the left, today's on the right, and the word-level highlight shows the change. - **Writers and editors** comparing a draft to a copy-edited version, or two AI rewrites of the same paragraph, to accept or reject changes line by line. - **Developers** spot-checking two log files, two JSON responses, or two config blocks - turn on Ignore whitespace and only the real differences light up. - **Translators and localizers** verifying that a translated paragraph still tracks the original line structure, or comparing two translation memory variants. ## Expert note Most online diff tools mark every line after the first edit as different - a naive line-by-line comparison. This tool runs the Myers diff algorithm, which finds the *minimum* number of insertions and deletions needed to turn the left text into the right one. That's the same algorithm `git diff` uses, and it's what makes the result feel right: if you insert one paragraph in the middle of a doc, only that paragraph lights up - the lines that moved down stay marked as unchanged. The follow-up word-level pass on changed lines uses the same algorithm at token granularity so you can see exactly which words moved, not just that the whole line is now red. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this text diff tool free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up and no character limits. The diff runs locally in your browser, so it stays fast even on long texts. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Both texts are diffed entirely in your browser and never touch a server, which makes the tool safe for unpublished drafts, contracts, source code and confidential AI prompts. ### How does the diff decide what changed? It uses Myers' diff algorithm to compute the minimum edit script that turns the left text into the right one. The result is a sequence of unchanged, deleted and inserted lines - the same model git uses. Adjacent delete/insert pairs are collapsed into a single 'changed' row so you see them side by side, and a second word-level diff picks out the exact words that moved inside a changed line. ### What does Ignore whitespace actually ignore? It collapses runs of whitespace to one space and trims leading and trailing whitespace before comparing each line. So an extra blank line, an indent change, or a tab vs four spaces will not show up as a difference - changes inside the words still do. ### Does the diff handle Unicode, emoji and non-Latin scripts? Yes. The line and word diff operate on Unicode characters, so emoji, Chinese, Arabic and Cyrillic text are all compared correctly. There is no language-specific tokenization - the tool just looks for matching characters. ### Can I compare large texts? Yes - the tool handles hundreds of thousands of characters comfortably. For pathologically large and totally different pairs (millions of characters on both sides) it falls back to a coarse 'replace all' diff to stay responsive rather than locking up the page. ### What does Copy as patch produce? A simple unified-style patch with one prefix character per line: a space for unchanged lines, '-' for removed lines, and '+' for added lines. Paste it into a chat, an issue or a code review when you want a compact textual record of the change instead of a full side-by-side view. ### Why are two identical texts still showing rows? If the toggles are off and the texts are byte-identical, the result panel collapses to the 'Texts are identical' message. With Ignore case or Ignore whitespace on, the byte-level texts can differ but the comparison still reports no semantic changes - the message then notes that the texts are identical under the chosen rules. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Text Repeater - Repeat Text Online" description: "Repeat text online up to 10,000 times with new lines, spaces, commas or a custom separator. Add numbering and copy the result instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-repeater/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Text Repeater Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a text repeater? A text repeater duplicates a word, message, emoji or full text block as many times as you choose. Set a count, choose what goes between each copy and add optional numbering. The result updates instantly in your browser, ready to copy without retyping or uploading your text. A repeater turns one source block into a predictable list or continuous string. Choose **New line** for test rows and message lists, **Comma + space** for quick data, **Nothing** for uninterrupted patterns, or enter any custom separator. Numbering adds a clear 1., 2., 3. prefix to each copy. The live character and line totals help you catch an oversized result before pasting it into a form, spreadsheet or chat. Processing stays on your device and the output is capped at two million characters to keep the browser responsive. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the source text** - Type or paste the word, message, emoji or multi-line block you want to duplicate. 2. **Set the repeat count** - Choose any whole number from 1 to 10,000. The live result changes as you edit the count. 3. **Choose the separator** - Put each copy on a new line, join with a space or comma, use no gap, or type a custom separator. 4. **Format and copy** - Turn on numbering if needed, check the live size totals and copy the finished repeated text. ## Who it's for - **Developers and QA testers** generating repeated rows, payloads and boundary-test strings for forms or text fields. - **Designers** filling interfaces with repeatable labels, messages or emoji patterns while testing content stress. - **Writers and editors** building numbered prompts, repeated refrains or structured placeholder blocks without manual duplication. - **Messaging users** formatting a short phrase or emoji on separate lines while checking the final character count. ## Expert note A separator is inserted only between copies, never after the final copy. That avoids a trailing comma, blank line or delimiter that could break pasted CSV-style data and exact-length test cases. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The text repeater runs locally with JavaScript in your browser. The source text, settings and repeated output are not sent to a server, which makes it suitable for drafts, internal test values and other text you do not want uploaded. ### Is the text repeater free? Yes. It is free to use with no account, download or sign-up. Enter your text, adjust the repeat settings and copy the output directly from the page. ### How many times can I repeat text? You can make up to 10,000 copies in one result. The tool also caps output at two million characters, so a long paragraph may reach the size limit before the maximum repeat count. Lower the count or shorten the source text if that happens. ### Can I repeat emojis and Unicode characters? Yes. The tool repeats the original JavaScript string, so emoji, accented letters, non-Latin scripts, punctuation and multi-line text are preserved. Numbering and separators are added around each complete copy without changing its internal characters. ### Can I put every repetition on a new line? Yes. Choose New line as the separator and each copy starts on its own line. You can also turn on Number each copy to create a numbered list that is ready to paste into notes, test fixtures or a document. ### How do I repeat text without spaces? Choose Nothing in the separator menu. The copies will be joined directly with no character between them, which is useful for patterns such as repeating ha, symbols or a short test token. ### Can I use my own separator? Yes. Choose Custom and type any separator, such as a pipe, slash, arrow or short phrase. The exact custom text is inserted between copies only, so there is no extra separator at the end. ### Does numbering change my original text? No. Numbering adds an index and a space before each copy in the result, beginning with 1. Your source text remains unchanged, and you can turn numbering off to return to plain repetitions. ## Related tools - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) - [Find and Replace](https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Text Similarity Checker - Compare Meaning with AI" description: "Compare two texts by semantic meaning using on-device AI. Get a similarity score from 0-100% without uploading anything." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-similarity/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Text Similarity Checker Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a text similarity checker? A text similarity checker measures how alike two passages are in meaning, not just word overlap. This tool converts each text into a semantic embedding using a local MiniLM model, then compares them with cosine similarity. You get a score from 0-100% and a label (Nearly identical, Highly similar, etc.) without sending your text to a server. **This tool compares meaning, not words.** Unlike a word-diff tool, it understands that 'the cat sat on the mat' and 'a feline was seated on the rug' are highly similar despite sharing few exact words. It uses the Apache-2.0 all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model, a 22 MB sentence encoder trained on English text. The model runs entirely in your browser. WebGPU uses roughly 30 MB of quantized weights when supported; the WebAssembly CPU fallback uses roughly 54 MB. Browser and model runtime files download separately and may be cached. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your texts** - Enter or paste two passages in the Text A and Text B fields. 2. **Click Compare** - The tool downloads the model on first run, then computes embeddings for both texts. 3. **Review the score** - A percentage and label show how similar the texts are in meaning. The cosine value is also shown for reference. 4. **Copy or adjust** - Copy the result or paste different texts to compare again. ## Who it's for - **Content teams** can check whether two versions of an article or product description convey the same core message. - **Researchers and students** can compare abstracts, summaries, or paraphrases to ensure they capture the original meaning. - **Translators** can verify that a translation preserves the semantic intent of the source text. - **QA and testing** can spot when generated or templated text drifts from the intended meaning. ## Expert note MiniLM embeddings are calibrated for English and trained on sentence pairs, so they excel at paraphrase detection and semantic similarity but may not capture domain-specific jargon or very short fragments as reliably as longer, more formal passages. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Both texts are passed to a worker inside your browser, and model inference runs on your device. The worker downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and MiniLM model files from external hosts, but those requests do not contain the text you pasted. CanDoYa does not receive or store it. ### Is the text similarity checker free? Yes. You can compare texts without an account or usage fee. Your browser supplies the computing power, so the first run can take longer while it downloads the AI runtime and model. Cached files often make later runs faster. ### How does it measure similarity? The tool converts each text into a 384-dimensional embedding using the MiniLM model with mean pooling and L2 normalization. It then computes the cosine similarity between the two embeddings, which ranges from -1 (opposite) to 1 (identical). The result is mapped to a 0-100% scale and labeled (Nearly identical, Highly similar, etc.) based on calibrated thresholds. ### What does the cosine similarity number mean? Cosine similarity measures the angle between two vectors. A value of 1.0 means the texts are identical in meaning; 0.0 means they are orthogonal (unrelated); negative values are rare for normalized embeddings. The percentage shown is the cosine value mapped to 0-100%, clamping negative values to 0%. ### Why do similar-sounding texts sometimes score low? The model ranks texts by semantic meaning, not phonetics or surface similarity. Two texts with the same topic but opposite sentiment (e.g., 'I love this' vs. 'I hate this') may score lower than expected because the embeddings capture the full context, not just keywords. ### Does it work for languages other than English? The MiniLM model was trained as an English sentence encoder. Other Latin-script languages may return a score, but the thresholds and accuracy are not calibrated for them. For best results, use English text. ### How long can the texts be? The model can handle texts of any length, but very long passages (>1000 words) may take longer to embed. For best results, compare passages of similar length. ### Will it work offline? It can work after your browser has cached the Transformers.js runtime, tokenizer, and model files, but cache availability is controlled by the browser. A first visit needs a network connection, and private browsing, storage cleanup, or cache eviction can require another download. ## Related tools - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Text Summarizer](https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Text Statistics Dashboard - Analyze Any Text" description: "Analyze text statistics instantly: words, characters, structure, vocabulary, timing, and frequent terms in one private browser dashboard." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-statistics-dashboard/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Text Statistics Dashboard Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a text statistics dashboard? A text statistics dashboard analyzes a passage and shows its length, structure, vocabulary, character mix, reading time, speaking time, and most frequent words in one view. Paste or type a draft and every metric updates instantly in your browser, so you can inspect sensitive writing without uploading it. This dashboard goes beyond a single word count. It shows how your text is built, including average word, sentence, and paragraph length; Unicode-aware character totals; vocabulary variety; word-length distribution; and repeated terms. **Your text stays on your device.** The analysis runs locally with browser JavaScript and does not send the passage to a server. ## How to use it 1. **Add your text** - Paste or type an article, essay, script, or other passage into the text box. 2. **Scan the live dashboard** - Review the main counts, structure, composition, vocabulary variety, timing estimates, and word charts as they update. 3. **Inspect patterns** - Use frequent-word and word-length bars to spot repetition or a sentence pattern worth revising. 4. **Copy the report** - Copy a plain-text summary of the current metrics for your notes or editorial checklist. ## Who it's for - **Editors** checking sentence rhythm, paragraph balance, and repeated wording. - **Students and researchers** summarizing the shape of essays, abstracts, and notes. - **Content teams** reviewing scripts, articles, newsletters, and landing-page copy before publishing. - **Speakers** comparing draft length with approximate reading and delivery times. ## Expert note Vocabulary variety here is the type-token ratio: unique words divided by total words. It is useful for comparing similar-length drafts, but it naturally falls as a text gets longer, so it should not be treated as a writing-quality score. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded or stored? No. The dashboard analyzes text locally in your browser. The passage is not sent to CanDoYa or stored by the tool, which makes it suitable for drafts and notes you do not want to upload. ### Is the text statistics dashboard free? Yes. You can analyze text, load the example, and copy a statistics report for free, with no account or sign-up. ### How much text can I analyze? The tool does not impose a fixed text limit. Very large documents may update more slowly because all segmentation and counting happens on your device, but ordinary articles, essays, and scripts should feel immediate. ### How are words and characters counted? Modern browsers use Unicode-aware segmentation for word boundaries and visible character clusters. This handles emoji, combining marks, and languages without spaces more naturally than splitting only on spaces. Different word processors may still apply slightly different token rules. ### What does vocabulary variety mean? Vocabulary variety is the percentage of word tokens that are unique after case is ignored. A passage with 80 unique words among 100 total words has 80% variety. Compare similar-length drafts because longer passages naturally repeat more words. ### How are reading and speaking times estimated? The dashboard divides the word count by fixed baselines of 238 words per minute for reading and 130 words per minute for speaking. These are planning estimates, not promises; topic difficulty, pauses, and delivery style can change the actual time. ### Does the dashboard score readability? No. It reports descriptive statistics without turning them into a quality grade. Readability formulas are calibrated for particular languages and use different assumptions, so use the dedicated Readability Score tool when that is the job you need. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Word Frequency Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-frequency-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Paragraph Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/paragraph-counter/) - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "AI Text Summarizer - Free Abstractive Summarization Tool" description: "Summarize articles, emails, and documents with free on-device AI. No sign-up, no upload - your text stays in your browser. Instant abstractive summaries." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-summarizer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free AI Text Summarizer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an AI text summarizer? An AI text summarizer is a tool that reads a passage and generates a concise summary capturing the key ideas. This tool runs a DistilBERT-based abstractive model inside your browser, so your text never leaves your device. Paste an article, email, or meeting notes and get a summary in seconds. **This text summarizer uses the Xenova/distilbart-cnn-6-6 model**, a lightweight abstractive summarization system trained on the CNN/DailyMail news dataset. Unlike extractive summarizers that copy sentences, abstractive models generate new text that paraphrases the original, often producing more natural and concise results. The model is optimized for English text and works best on coherent passages like articles, reports, and emails. The first summarization downloads quantized ONNX model weights plus tokenizer files, about 355 MB in total. A browser worker keeps inference off the main UI thread. WebGPU is preferred when available; the WebAssembly CPU backend is the slower fallback. Browsers normally cache the files, but private browsing, storage cleanup, or low disk space can trigger another download. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Enter an article, email, meeting notes, or any document. A complete paragraph gives the model more context than a single sentence. 2. **Run the local model** - Click Summarize text. Allow the first model download to finish; later visits can reuse it while the browser cache remains available. 3. **Review and copy** - Read the generated summary and compare it with the original. Copy the summary to your clipboard or paste it into another document. ## Who it's for - **Researchers and students** quickly extracting key points from long papers, articles, and reports without reading every word. - **Busy professionals** summarizing emails, meeting notes, and project updates to stay informed without information overload. - **Content creators** generating summary snippets for social media, newsletters, or article previews. - **Non-native English readers** simplifying complex documents into shorter, easier-to-understand summaries. ## Expert note Abstractive summarization generates new text rather than extracting sentences, which can produce more natural summaries but also risks omitting details or occasionally misinterpreting nuance. The model was trained on news articles, so it works best on well-structured English text; technical jargon, very short inputs, and non-English text may produce less useful results. Always review the summary against the original before relying on it for high-stakes decisions. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Your text is sent to a worker inside your browser and the model runs on your device. The worker downloads the public Transformers.js runtime and model files from external hosts, but those requests do not contain your pasted text. CanDoYa does not receive or store the sample. ### Is this text summarizer tool free? Yes. There is no account, payment, API key, or summarization quota. Your device performs the work. The practical costs are the first model download, local browser storage, memory, and processing time. Your network provider may still charge for data used to download the model. ### How much text can I summarize? You can paste an ordinary document, but the tool summarizes at most the first 5,000 Unicode characters to keep browser inference predictable. The model tokenizer also truncates text to its input window (approximately 462 tokens after reserving space for special tokens). For long documents, summarize coherent sections separately instead of treating one overall summary as a document summary. ### What is the difference between abstractive and extractive summarization? Extractive summarization copies important sentences from the original text. Abstractive summarization generates new sentences that paraphrase the original, often producing more natural and concise results. This tool uses abstractive summarization, which can be more readable but may occasionally omit details or misinterpret nuance. ### Which languages does the summarization model support? The model was trained on English news articles and works best on English text. It may attempt to summarize other languages, but those results do not have the same task-specific training evidence and may be less accurate. For best results, use English text. ### Why is the first download about 355 MB? The tool uses quantized DistilBERT ONNX weights of about 338 MB and tokenizer data of about 17 MB. That is much larger than a keyword list, but it captures contextual language patterns and semantic meaning instead of merely copying sentences. The browser normally caches these files after the first run. ### Does the summarizer work without WebGPU? Yes. The worker first uses WebGPU when the browser and graphics adapter support it. If that path is unavailable or fails to start, the tool retries on the WebAssembly CPU backend. CPU summarization uses the same model and keeps text local, but loading and inference can take longer. ### Can I summarize very short text? The tool requires at least ten characters to start. However, very short text (under 50 characters) gives the model less context, and the summary may be as long as the original or less useful. For best results, provide a complete paragraph or longer passage. ## Related tools - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Parts of Speech Tagger](https://candoya.com/tools/parts-of-speech-tagger/) - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Slug Generator - Convert Text to URL Slug" description: "Free slug generator: convert any text or title to a clean, SEO-friendly URL slug instantly. Bulk mode, hyphen or underscore - runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # URL Slug Generator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a slug generator? A slug generator converts a title or any text into a URL slug: the lowercase, hyphen-separated part of a web address, like /10-cafe-style-recipes. This tool folds accents to plain letters (Café becomes cafe), removes punctuation and symbols, and collapses spaces into hyphens - live, as you type, with each line becoming its own slug. Everything runs **in your browser** - titles are never uploaded, so unpublished headlines and client work stay on your device. The generator follows the same rules CMS slug fields use: apostrophes vanish without a gap (`don't` becomes `dont`, not `don-t`), accents fold to ASCII (`ü` to `u`, `ß` to `ss`, `ø` to `o`), and runs of symbols collapse into a single separator with none left dangling at either end. Writing in Cyrillic, Greek, Hindi or another non-Latin script? Switch on **Keep Unicode letters** to get a native-script slug instead of an empty result. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your title** - Type or paste the text in the left box - a single headline or a whole list, one title per line. The slug appears live on the right. 2. **Pick your options** - Choose hyphen or underscore as the separator, keep or drop lowercasing, and toggle Keep Unicode letters if you write in a non-Latin script. 3. **Copy the slug** - Press Copy to grab the result. In bulk mode you get one slug per line, aligned with your input, ready to paste into a spreadsheet or CMS. ## Who it's for - **Bloggers and content teams** turning working titles into clean post URLs before publishing in WordPress, Ghost or a headless CMS. - **SEO specialists** normalising messy legacy URLs into keyword-readable slugs during a site migration - paste a column of titles, copy back a column of slugs. - **Developers** generating stable identifiers for routes, filenames, IDs and anchors that must survive URL encoding untouched. - **E-commerce managers** batch-creating product-page slugs from a spreadsheet of product names, one per line. ## Expert note Google treats a hyphen as a word separator but an underscore as a word *joiner*: `red-wine` is read as "red wine" while `red_wine` is read as one token, which is why hyphens have been the SEO recommendation since Matt Cutts' original guidance. This tool defaults to hyphens and keeps underscores one click away for the systems that genuinely require them, such as some database keys and analytics naming schemes. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this slug generator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, no limits. Convert one headline or thousands of lines at once; conversion happens instantly in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion runs entirely in your browser and your text never reaches a server, so it's safe for unpublished headlines, client names and internal documents. ### What exactly is a URL slug? The slug is the human-readable last part of a URL that identifies one page - in `example.com/blog/best-espresso-machines`, the slug is `best-espresso-machines`. Good slugs are short, lowercase, hyphen-separated and describe the page content, which helps both readers and search engines. ### Should I use hyphens or underscores in slugs? Use hyphens. Google parses `a-b` as two words but `a_b` as one joined token, so hyphenated slugs match more searches. Underscores are still handy for identifiers in code, databases or analytics tools - that's why this generator offers both. ### How long should a URL slug be? Keep it to roughly 3-5 words that describe the page - drop filler like "a", "the" and "of" when they carry no meaning. There is no hard ranking limit, but short slugs are easier to read, share and keep stable when the title changes. The status bar shows the slug length so you can trim as you go. ### What happens to accents and special characters? By default they're folded to plain ASCII: `é` becomes `e`, `ñ` becomes `n`, `ß` becomes `ss`, `ø` becomes `o`. Symbols, emoji and punctuation are replaced by the separator, and apostrophes are removed without a gap, so `don't` becomes `dont`. ### Can I make a slug in Cyrillic, Greek, Hindi or Chinese? Yes - switch on Keep Unicode letters. Letters then stay in their native script (`Привет мир` becomes `привет-мир`), and browsers percent-encode them automatically on the wire. With the option off, non-Latin letters are stripped, matching the strict ASCII behaviour of most CMS slug fields. ### Can I convert many titles at once? Yes. Paste one title per line and each line becomes its own slug, kept in the same order - the output lines up with your input, so you can paste a whole spreadsheet column in and copy the finished slug column straight back out. ## Related tools - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Text to Speech - Free Browser Voice Reader" description: "Use free text to speech online with your browser voices. Choose a language, rate, pitch, and volume, then pause or resume with no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-speech/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Text to Speech Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is text to speech? Text to speech turns written words into spoken audio. Paste a passage, choose a voice available in your browser, adjust its rate, pitch, and volume, then listen, pause, resume, or stop. CanDoYa sends no text to its own server; speech playback is handled through your browser's built-in voice system. **This reader uses the Web Speech synthesis API already exposed by your browser.** Long passages are divided into short sections at sentence or word boundaries before they enter the speech queue. That avoids the text-too-long errors some engines produce and keeps Stop responsive. Voice availability and quality depend on your browser, operating system, and installed language packs. A voice marked local runs through a voice on your device. A voice marked network may let the browser or operating system contact its own speech service, even though CanDoYa does not upload your text or run a speech server. ## How to use it 1. **Add your text** - Paste or type the passage you want the browser to read. The tool shows its word count and estimated duration. 2. **Choose a voice** - Filter the voices by language, then choose a named local or network voice. Keep System default if you want the browser to decide. 3. **Set the delivery** - Adjust the speaking rate, pitch, and volume. These settings apply when you start a new playback session. 4. **Listen and control** - Press Listen or use Ctrl+Enter or Command+Enter. Pause, resume, or stop at any time. ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** listening for repeated words, missing transitions, and sentences that sound awkward aloud. - **Students and researchers** hearing notes or study material while resting their eyes or doing another task. - **Language learners** comparing pronunciation across voices installed for different languages and regions. - **Presenters and podcasters** checking the rhythm and approximate duration of a script before rehearsing it themselves. ## Expert note Browser speech engines do not report playback position consistently. When a voice emits word-boundary events, the progress bar moves through each section. When it does not, progress advances at completed section boundaries instead. The text is split near sentence endings first, so even the fallback remains useful without pretending to know the exact spoken word. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded for speech synthesis? CanDoYa does not upload the text or send it to a CanDoYa speech server. A voice marked local uses a voice installed on your device. A voice marked network may contact a service controlled by your browser or operating system, so choose a local voice when device-only synthesis matters. ### Is this text to speech tool free? Yes. The browser voice reader is free, requires no account, and does not impose a site usage quota. Available voices and any operating-system language downloads come from your own browser or device. Your browser may still have practical memory, audio, or session limits for extremely long passages. ### Is there a text length limit? There is no fixed character limit in the page. The tool divides long input into sections of about 240 characters before speaking, which avoids common per-utterance limits. Very large documents still depend on browser memory and background-tab behavior, so shorter sessions are more reliable on phones and older devices. ### Can I download the speech as MP3 or WAV? No. This native browser version is a reader, not an audio exporter. The Web Speech API sends synthesized sound to your device output but does not provide the generated audio bytes to the page. Use a dedicated audio-generation tool when you need a downloadable file or consistent production voice. ### Why are my voices different in another browser? The voice list comes from the active browser, operating system, and installed language packs. Chrome, Edge, and Safari can expose different voice names on the same computer, while mobile devices may offer fewer choices. The list can also arrive after the page loads, so the picker updates when the browser reports new voices. ### Which languages does text to speech support? The tool can use any language exposed by your browser's speech engine. Choose a language to filter the current voice list. Pronunciation is best when the selected voice language matches the text. Mixed-language passages may sound uneven because one utterance uses one selected voice and language at a time. ### Why does progress sometimes jump instead of moving word by word? Word-boundary events are not supported consistently by every browser and voice. When those events are available, progress follows the reported character position. Otherwise, the tool updates after each short speech section finishes. This fallback is deliberate and avoids showing a timer-based position that may not match what you hear. ## Related tools - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Text Tools for Writing, Counting and Cleanup" description: "Count words and characters, compare drafts, remove duplicate lines and convert text case. Free text tools that process your writing in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/text/ locale: en type: tool-category --- # Text and writing tools A word limit, a messy list and two versions of a draft need different tools. Start with Word Counter for a length check, Character Counter for a form limit, or Text Diff to see what changed between revisions. For copied text, the space and line-break tools clean up formatting without requiring a document editor. These tools accept pasted text and work on your device, so you can edit a draft without sending its contents to a processing service. Choose a converter by the result you need. Case Converter changes capitalization in prose; camel, snake and kebab case converters prepare identifiers. Remove Duplicate Lines is useful for repeated entries, while sorting tools reorder a list. Check whether a cleanup option ignores letter case or trims spaces before applying it, because two lines that look similar can carry different information. Counting conventions also matter. A character count can differ from the limit shown by an app that counts bytes or UTF-16 units. Readability and syllable estimates are calibrated for English and are useful as editing prompts. They cannot judge whether an argument is correct or a sentence makes sense. Keep the original text until you have checked the result. ## Text & Writing tools - [Add Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/add-line-breaks/): Add line breaks to text by separator, sentence, word or word count. Format lists and paragraphs instantly in your browser with no upload. - [Add Line Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/add-line-numbers/): Add line numbers to text online with custom starts, increments, styles and zero-padding. Blank lines stay intact, and your text stays private. - [Anagram Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-solver/): Use this free anagram solver to unscramble letters into exact anagrams and shorter English words. Add wildcards and filters, all in your browser. - [Business Name Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-name-generator/): Generate brandable business name ideas free online. Type a keyword, pick a style, and get short company, startup and brand names with matching .com domains. Runs in your browser. - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/): Free online case converter. Convert text to UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, Capitalize Words, aLtErNaTiNg or iNvErSe in your browser. - [Camel Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/camel-case-converter/): Free camel case converter for text, snake_case, kebab-case and PascalCase. Convert live to camelCase or PascalCase in your browser. - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/): Free online character counter to count characters with and without spaces instantly. Live limits for X, SMS and meta descriptions. Runs in your browser. - [Email Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/email-extractor-from-text/): Free email extractor from text, HTML, logs, or notes. Remove duplicates, sort, lowercase, and copy a clean list privately in your browser. - [Find and Replace](https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/): Find and replace text online with case, whole-word and regex controls. Preview every change instantly, then copy the result. Free and private. - [Kebab Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/kebab-case-converter/): Free kebab case converter for text, camelCase, PascalCase and messy identifiers. Convert live to kebab-case for slugs and code. - [Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/lorem-ipsum-generator/): Free lorem ipsum generator. Create placeholder paragraphs, sentences, words or list items instantly, copy as plain text or HTML. No sign-up. - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/): Free online line counter to count total, non-empty and blank lines instantly. Paste text and get line length stats in your browser. - [Markdown to Plain Text](https://candoya.com/tools/markdown-to-plain-text/): Convert Markdown to plain text instantly. Remove headings, emphasis, links, tables and code fences while keeping readable content in your browser. - [Morse Code Translator](https://candoya.com/tools/morse-code-translator/): Free Morse code translator. Convert text to Morse code and Morse to text instantly, with a full alphabet chart. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded. - [NATO Phonetic Alphabet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/nato-phonetic-alphabet/): Free NATO phonetic alphabet converter for names, callsigns and serial numbers. Spell text as Alfa Bravo Charlie instantly in your browser. - [Palindrome Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/palindrome-checker/): Use this free palindrome checker to test words, phrases and numbers instantly. Adjust spaces, punctuation, case and accents in your browser. - [Paragraph Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/paragraph-counter/): Free online paragraph counter to count paragraphs in your text plus words, sentences and average paragraph length. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded. - [Pascal Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/pascal-case-converter/): Free Pascal case converter for text, camelCase, snake_case and kebab-case. Convert live to PascalCase in your browser. - [Readability Score Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/readability-score/): Free readability checker: paste any text and see Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Gunning Fog, SMOG, ARI and Coleman-Liau live. Runs in your browser. - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/): Free reading time calculator: paste any text, pick a reading speed, see how long it takes to read in minutes. Counts words and book pages too. Runs in your browser. - [Remove All Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-all-spaces/): Remove all spaces from text online, including tabs and Unicode spacing. Preserve line breaks or strip every whitespace character. Fast and private. - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/): Free online duplicate line remover. Paste a list, delete repeated lines instantly and keep the original order. No sign-up - text stays in your browser. - [Remove Extra Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-extra-spaces/): Remove extra spaces from text instantly. Clean double spaces, tabs and uneven line edges while keeping paragraphs. Free and browser-based. - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/): Free line break remover for text, PDF copy and email wraps. Join lines, keep paragraphs or make one line. Private and browser-based. - [Remove Line Numbers](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-numbers/): Remove line numbers from text online in real time. Clean numbered lists, code and transcripts while preserving line breaks and indentation. - [Reverse Each Word](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-each-word/): Reverse each word online while keeping word order, spaces and line breaks intact. Unicode-aware, free, instant and processed in your browser. - [Reverse Text](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-text/): Free online text reversal tool to reverse characters, words, lines or word order instantly. No sign-up, no download - runs in your browser. - [Reverse Word Order](https://candoya.com/tools/reverse-word-order/): Reverse word order online while keeping every word readable, punctuation attached and spacing intact. Free, instant and processed in your browser. - [Sort Lines Alphabetically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-alphabetically/): Sort lines alphabetically online in A-Z or Z-A order. Handle case, natural numbers, spaces, empty lines and duplicates privately in your browser. - [Sort Lines by Length](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-by-length/): Sort lines by length online from shortest to longest or longest to shortest. Clean blanks and duplicates privately with live Unicode-aware results. - [Sort Lines Numerically](https://candoya.com/tools/sort-lines-numerically/): Sort lines numerically online by the first number in each row. Handle negatives, decimals and scientific notation with private, instant results. - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/): Free online sentence counter to count sentences with longest, shortest and average length stats. Runs in your browser - nothing uploaded. - [Snake Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/snake-case-converter/): Free snake case converter for text, camelCase, PascalCase and messy identifiers. Convert live to snake_case or SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE. - [Slogan Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/slogan-generator/): Generate catchy slogan and tagline ideas free online. Type a keyword, pick a style, and get dozens of ready-to-use slogans for your business, brand or campaign. Runs in your browser. - [Smart Quotes Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/smart-quotes-converter/): Smart quotes converter for curly and straight quotation marks. Fix pasted text for publishing, code or JSON instantly in your browser. - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/): Free speaking time calculator: paste text, pick a pace, see how long it takes to read aloud. Words to minutes, instantly. Runs in your browser, no sign-up. - [Syllable Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/syllable-counter/): Free syllable counter to estimate syllables in English words, poems, and text by line. Get instant per-word results privately in your browser. - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/): Free online text diff and compare tool. Paste two texts and see line-by-line and word-level differences in your browser, with ignore-case and ignore-whitespace options. - [Text Repeater](https://candoya.com/tools/text-repeater/): Repeat text online up to 10,000 times with new lines, spaces, commas or a custom separator. Add numbering and copy the result instantly. - [Text Statistics Dashboard](https://candoya.com/tools/text-statistics-dashboard/): Analyze text statistics instantly: words, characters, structure, vocabulary, timing, and frequent terms in one private browser dashboard. - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/): Free slug generator: convert any text or title to a clean, SEO-friendly URL slug instantly. Bulk mode, hyphen or underscore - runs in your browser. - [Trim Whitespace](https://candoya.com/tools/trim-whitespace/): Trim whitespace from text or every line. Remove leading and trailing spaces, tabs and Unicode spacing while preserving internal formatting. - [URL Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/url-extractor/): Free URL extractor to pull links from text, HTML, logs, or notes instantly. Remove duplicates, sort results, or list domains. No upload or sign-up. - [Whitespace Visualizer](https://candoya.com/tools/whitespace-visualizer/): Reveal spaces, tabs, line endings and invisible Unicode characters in text. Inspect indentation and trailing whitespace privately in your browser. - [Username Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/username-generator/): Generate cool random usernames free online. Pick a style, separator and length, then copy a handle for Instagram, Discord, Roblox or gaming. Runs in your browser. - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/): Free online word counter to count words, characters & sentences instantly. No sign-up, no download - your text stays in your browser. - [Word Frequency Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-frequency-counter/): Free word frequency counter to rank repeated words, counts and percentages instantly. Paste text and analyze it privately in your browser. - [Business Card Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/business-card-maker/): Free online business card maker with live preview, print-ready sizes and private browser autosave. No sign-up or upload needed. - [Online Habit Tracker](https://candoya.com/tools/habit-tracker/): Free online habit tracker that saves in your browser. Add habits, tick the days you did them, and watch your streaks grow. No sign-up, no app, nothing uploaded. - [Kanban Board](https://candoya.com/tools/kanban-board/): Use a free online Kanban board to organize tasks with drag and drop. No sign-up: your private board saves only in this browser. - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/): Free online notepad that autosaves in your browser. Jot notes, get a live word and character count, then copy or download as .txt. No sign-up, no upload. - [Recipe Scaler](https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-scaler/): Free recipe scaler to resize a full ingredient list for any serving count. Handles mixed fractions and ranges, with no sign-up or upload. - [Recipe Unit Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/recipe-unit-converter/): Recipe unit converter for cups, grams, tablespoons, milliliters and more. Get ingredient-aware baking estimates instantly in your browser. - [Tournament Bracket Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tournament-bracket-generator/): Create a free single-elimination tournament bracket for 2 to 32 players. Seed or shuffle, handle byes, advance winners, copy, and print locally. - [Accent Marks Helper](https://candoya.com/tools/accent-marks-helper/): Use this accent mark helper to type and copy accented letters for Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Polish, Turkish, and more. - [Flashcard Maker](https://candoya.com/tools/flashcard-maker/): Make custom flashcards with your own questions and answers. Flip, shuffle and review missed cards, then download a reusable deck. Free, with no sign-up. [All tools](https://candoya.com/tools/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Time Between Two Times - Duration Calculator" description: "Free calculator for the time between two times. Enter a start and end time to get the hours and minutes between them - overnight spans handled, all in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Time Between Two Times Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you calculate the time between two times? Convert both clock times to minutes since midnight, subtract the start from the end, and read the gap back as hours and minutes. If the end time is earlier on the clock than the start, it falls on the next day, so add 24 hours. This tool does that instantly - just enter the two times. Everything runs locally. Your two times are parsed in the browser, the duration is worked out on the page, and nothing is uploaded or stored. Change either time and the result updates at once; it works offline once the page has loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the start time** - Type or pick the earlier time of day in the start field (for example 09:00). 2. **Enter the end time** - Type or pick the end time. If it is earlier on the clock than the start, it is counted as the next day and marked as spanning midnight. 3. **Read the duration** - The gap appears as hours and minutes, with total decimal hours, total minutes, and total seconds below. Use Copy results to grab them all. ## Who it's for - **Shift and hourly workers** figuring out how long a clock-in to clock-out span was, including overnight shifts that run past midnight. - **Freelancers and consultants** turning a start and end time into billable hours before adding them to an invoice. - **Students and parents** checking how many hours of sleep, study, or screen time fall between two times. - **Cooks and hobbyists** timing how long something has been proving, charging, or running between two clock readings. - **Anyone** who just wants the plain hours and minutes between two times without doing the carry-the-hour arithmetic by hand. ## Expert note The result is always kept under 24 hours because both entries are clock times, not dates: an end that reads earlier than the start is treated as the following morning, so 22:00 to 06:00 comes out as 8 hours rather than a negative span. If you need a gap that could run for several days, use a date-and-time difference tool instead, where the calendar date is part of the input. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the time between two times calculator free? Yes - it is 100% free with no sign-up and no limits. The whole calculation runs in your browser and your times are never uploaded to a server. ### How does it handle times that cross midnight? If the end time is earlier on the clock than the start time, the tool assumes the end is on the next day and adds 24 hours. So 23:30 to 01:00 is counted as 1 hour 30 minutes and flagged as spanning midnight. ### Can I enter times in 12-hour format with AM and PM? Yes. You can type times like 9:30 AM or 5:00 PM as well as 24-hour times like 09:30 or 17:00. Note that 12:00 AM is midnight and 12:00 PM is noon. ### How do I convert the result to decimal hours? The tool shows decimal hours for you - for example 8 hours 30 minutes is 8.5 decimal hours. It divides the total minutes by 60, which is the figure most timesheets and payroll systems expect. ### What is the difference between this and a date difference calculator? This tool works with clock times only, so the answer is always under 24 hours. A date difference calculator includes the calendar date, so it can measure gaps that run across several days, months, or years. ### Does it include seconds? Yes, if you enter them. You can add seconds to either time (such as 09:00:30) and the duration, total minutes, and total seconds all account for them. Without seconds, the tool works to the minute. ## Related tools - [Time Duration Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-duration-calculator/) - [Working Hours Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/working-hours-calculator/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Time Duration Calculator - Exact Date-Time Gap" description: "Calculate the exact time duration between two dates and times in days, hours, minutes and seconds. Handles overnight and multi-day ranges in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/time-duration-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Time Duration Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a time duration calculator? A time duration calculator finds the exact elapsed gap between two calendar date-times. Enter the start and end, and it subtracts them to show days, hours, minutes, seconds, total hours and total minutes. It handles overnight and multi-day ranges instantly, with all calculations running in your browser. The calculator treats your entries as local wall-clock values. It never uploads them, asks for an account, or changes the result based on your current location. Use a time-zone converter instead when daylight-saving rules or different zones are part of the question. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the start date-time** - Choose the calendar date and clock time when the interval begins. Add seconds when you need second-level precision. 2. **Enter the end date-time** - Choose a later date and time. The live result updates as soon as both entries form a valid range. 3. **Read or copy the duration** - Use the days-hours-minutes-seconds breakdown, or copy the total hours, minutes, and seconds for another app. ## Who it's for - **Project teams** measuring the exact span between a kickoff and a delivery time across several days. - **Travelers and event planners** checking overnight or multi-day schedules when both entries use the same local clock. - **Students and researchers** turning experiment start and finish timestamps into total hours, minutes, and seconds. - **Freelancers and operators** calculating a long work window before recording it in a timesheet or report. ## Expert note The calculation uses the entered calendar and clock components as a wall-clock timeline, so 22:30 one day to 06:15 the next is 7 hours 45 minutes. It does not add or remove a daylight-saving hour because no time zone is supplied; use the timezone converter when that distinction matters. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the time duration calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free to use with no account, download, or usage limit. Enter as many date-time ranges as you need, and the result updates immediately in the page. ### Are my dates and times uploaded? No. The subtraction runs locally in your browser. Your start and end values are not sent to a calculation server or stored by this tool. ### Can it calculate a duration that crosses midnight? Yes. Include the correct date with each time. For example, 10:30 PM on July 10 to 6:15 AM on July 11 is calculated as 7 hours 45 minutes, not as a negative value. ### Can it measure a duration longer than 24 hours? Yes. Because both inputs include a calendar date, the range can cover days, months, or years. The main result separates full days from the remaining hours, minutes, and seconds, while the stat cards show cumulative totals. ### Does the calculator account for daylight-saving time? No. It measures the difference between the wall-clock date and time values you enter, without a time-zone identifier. For a real instant across a DST transition or two locations, convert both values with the timezone converter first. ### What happens when the start and end are identical? The duration is zero. The calculator shows 0 minutes and zero in each cumulative total, which is the exact elapsed gap between identical date-time values. ### How is the duration calculated? Each date-time is converted to a numeric wall-clock timestamp, the start is subtracted from the end, and the difference is split using 86,400 seconds per day, 3,600 per hour, and 60 per minute. ## Related tools - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Time Zone Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free time zone converter for meetings, calls and travel. Compare cities instantly with DST-aware offsets. No sign-up or upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Time Zone Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a time zone converter? A time zone converter changes a date and time from one region into the matching local time in other regions. Pick the source city, add comparison zones, and the tool shows the converted clock times with GMT offsets and next-day or previous-day notes. This converter runs entirely in your browser and uses the built-in IANA time-zone data from modern browsers. It is useful for meeting invites, remote teams, webinar planning, travel checks and quick UTC conversions when daylight saving time may change the answer. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the source time** - Enter the date and local clock time you want to convert. 2. **Pick the source zone** - Select the city or IANA time zone where that time happens. 3. **Add target zones** - Keep the default comparison cities or add your own from the time-zone list. 4. **Copy the schedule** - Use Copy schedule to paste the converted times into an email, document or calendar note. ## Who it's for - **Remote meetings** when New York, London, Paris and Tokyo need one shared slot. - **Webinars and launches** where the same event time must be posted for several regions. - **Travel planning** before flights, hotel check-ins and calls across home and destination zones. - **Operations handoffs** for support, engineering or sales teams working across shifts. - **UTC checks** when logs or calendar systems use GMT offsets instead of city names. ## Expert note Use city-based IANA zones such as America/New_York instead of fixed labels like EST. Fixed abbreviations miss daylight-saving changes, while IANA zones choose the correct UTC offset for the exact date you entered. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my meeting time uploaded anywhere? No. The conversion runs in your browser. The date, time and zones you choose are not sent to a server or stored in an account. ### Is the time zone converter free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no limit on how many time-zone comparisons you make. ### Does it handle daylight saving time? Yes. The tool uses browser IANA time-zone rules for the exact date you enter. That means New York, London, Sydney and other daylight-saving regions can have different GMT offsets in winter and summer. ### Why should I choose a city instead of EST or PST? City-based zones know when daylight saving starts and ends. Abbreviations such as EST, EDT, PST and PDT can be ambiguous, so America/New_York or America/Los_Angeles gives a safer answer. ### Can I convert to UTC or GMT? Yes. Choose UTC as either the source zone or a target zone. The result also shows each zone's GMT offset, such as GMT+01:00 or GMT-04:00. ### What does next day or previous day mean? It means the converted time lands on a different calendar date than the source time. For example, a late evening call in California can already be the next day in Europe or Asia. ### How accurate are the results? Modern browsers ship the IANA time-zone database and update it with the browser or operating system. Results are accurate for normal scheduling, but recently changed government rules may require an updated browser. ## Related tools - [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/) - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Tip Calculator - Split the Bill Online" description: "Free tip calculator to work out gratuity, tax, total and split bill amounts instantly. Round the total or each share, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Tip Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a tip calculator do? A tip calculator works out the gratuity on a bill, adds optional tax, and splits the total across the number of people paying. Enter the bill amount, choose a tip percentage, add tax if needed, and the total plus each person's share updates instantly in your browser. This tool runs locally in your browser. Your bill amount is **never uploaded or stored**, and every result updates as soon as you change a field. Use it at restaurants, salons, deliveries, rides or any shared tab where you want the math done before the card arrives. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the bill amount** - Type the pre-tax bill or subtotal from your receipt. 2. **Choose the tip and tax** - Set the tip percentage and add a tax percentage only if you want tax included in the final total. 3. **Set the split count** - Enter how many people will share the bill. One person means no split. 4. **Pick a rounding mode** - Leave exact cents, round the total up, or round each person's share up to the next whole unit. 5. **Copy the result** - Copy the total, per-person share, tip and tax for a message or note. ## Who it's for - **Restaurants and cafes** when you need a quick gratuity and total before paying. - **Group meals** where the bill, tax and tip need to be split evenly. - **Travel** when you want a simple calculator that does not depend on a local app. - **Service appointments** such as haircuts, rides, deliveries and hotel services. - **Rounding decisions** when you want a cleaner total or a whole-unit per-person share. ## Expert note The calculator treats the tip percentage as a percentage of the pre-tax bill. If you turn on round-up, the extra rounded amount is added to the tip, which mirrors the common habit of leaving a slightly larger gratuity for a cleaner total. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my bill amount uploaded anywhere? No. The tip calculator runs entirely in your browser. The bill, tip, tax and split count you enter are not sent to a server, stored in an account or shared with anyone. ### Is the tip calculator free? Yes. It is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no limit on how many bills you calculate. ### Does the tip apply before or after tax? The tip is calculated from the bill amount you enter. For the usual pre-tax method, enter the pre-tax subtotal in the bill field and put the tax rate in the tax field. If you prefer tipping after tax, enter the taxed total as the bill and leave tax at zero. ### Can it split the bill between people? Yes. Enter the number of people sharing the bill and the calculator shows the per-person share. The split is even, so custom item-by-item splitting is outside this page. ### What does round total up mean? Round total up moves the final bill to the next whole unit, such as 49.86 to 50.00. The extra cents are counted as additional tip so the total stays consistent. ### What does round each share up mean? Round each share up makes every person pay a whole-unit amount. For example, a 108.92 total split by three becomes 37.00 per person, for a final collected total of 111.00. ### Can I use different currencies? Yes. The math is currency-neutral. Enter the amount in any currency and read the results in the same currency; the page formats numbers for your browser language without adding a symbol. ## Related tools - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Loan Calculator with Amortization Schedule](https://candoya.com/tools/loan-calculator/) - [Mortgage Calculator with Taxes, Insurance & PMI](https://candoya.com/tools/mortgage-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) - [Debt Snowball vs Avalanche Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/debt-snowball-avalanche/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "TOML to JSON Converter - Private and Instant" description: "Convert TOML to JSON online with live validation, clean formatting and safe handling for dates and large integers. Your config stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/toml-to-json/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # TOML to JSON Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert TOML to JSON? Paste TOML into the converter and it parses keys, tables, arrays of tables and typed values into the equivalent JSON structure. Choose compact, 2-space or 4-space output, then copy or download the result. The conversion happens locally in your browser, so your configuration is never uploaded. TOML is designed for readable configuration files such as `Cargo.toml`, `pyproject.toml` and `netlify.toml`. JSON is easier to feed into APIs, scripts and data tools. This converter expands dotted keys and table headers into nested objects, while arrays of tables become arrays of JSON objects. JSON has no native date, 64-bit integer or non-finite number types. TOML dates and times become ISO-style strings. Integers outside JavaScript's safe range and values such as `inf` or `nan` also become strings, with a visible warning rather than silent rounding or `null`. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your TOML** - Type a document, paste a configuration file or load the Cargo-style example. 2. **Choose JSON spacing** - Select compact output or 2-space or 4-space indentation. Conversion and validation update live. 3. **Copy or download** - Review the conversion status, then copy the JSON or save it as a .json file. ## Who it's for - **Rust developers** inspecting Cargo package metadata or dependencies as JSON for scripts and dashboards. - **Python developers** converting pyproject.toml settings for tools that accept JSON input. - **Platform engineers** transforming deployment and build configuration without uploading internal values. ## Expert note A TOML array of tables such as [[products]] maps to a JSON array of objects, while dotted keys such as database.server become nested JSON objects. Comments disappear because standard JSON has no comment syntax. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my TOML uploaded when I convert it? No. Parsing and JSON serialization run inside your browser, and the TOML is not sent to a conversion server. This makes the tool suitable for configuration that may contain internal hostnames or settings. You should still protect secrets in anything you copy or download afterward. ### Is this TOML to JSON converter free? Yes. You can convert, copy and download JSON without an account, installation or usage quota. Because the work runs on your device, practical limits depend on the memory and processing power available in your browser rather than a server-side file limit. ### Which TOML features does the converter support? It supports TOML 1.1 keys, strings, integers, floats, booleans, date and time values, arrays, inline tables, standard tables and arrays of tables. It also handles dotted keys and comments. Invalid syntax and duplicate definitions produce a line and column error instead of partial JSON. ### What happens to TOML comments in JSON? Comments are removed because standard JSON has no comment syntax. The data structure remains, but notes beginning with # do not. If a note must survive conversion, place it in a real TOML key such as description or _comment before creating the JSON. ### How are TOML dates and times represented in JSON? TOML offset date-times, local date-times, local dates and local times become ISO-style JSON strings. This preserves whether the source included a date, time and offset, but JSON consumers will see a string rather than a native date type and must parse it when needed. ### Can TOML 64-bit integers be converted without rounding? Yes. Safe integers stay JSON numbers. An integer outside JavaScript's exact safe range becomes a quoted decimal string and triggers a warning. This keeps every digit intact, although downstream code must deliberately convert that string to a BigInt or another 64-bit integer type. ## Related tools - [YAML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-to-json/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [XML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-to-json/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Online Tone Generator - 20 Hz to 20 kHz" description: "Online tone generator for sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth signals from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Play or download a WAV locally in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Tone Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an online tone generator? An online tone generator creates a steady audio signal at the frequency and waveform you choose. Set any value from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, select sine, square, triangle, or sawtooth, then listen or save a short WAV. The signal is synthesized locally by your browser after you press Play. This tool uses the Web Audio API for live playback and offline WAV rendering. A short gain fade at the start and end reduces clicks, while the logarithmic slider gives low and high frequencies useful space. No microphone, audio upload, account, or plug-in is required. **Hearing safety matters:** start with low browser and device volume. The on-screen percentage controls digital gain, not sound pressure at your ear. Stop immediately if a tone feels uncomfortable. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a frequency** - Type an exact value from 20 to 20,000 Hz, move the logarithmic slider, or select a common preset. 2. **Select the waveform** - Use sine for a single fundamental or choose square, triangle, or sawtooth when you need audible harmonics. 3. **Set a low output level** - Keep the tool and your device volume low before you start, especially with headphones. 4. **Play or save** - Press Play tone for continuous sound, then Stop tone when finished, or choose a duration and download a mono 48 kHz WAV. ## Who it's for - **Musicians and producers** can use 440 Hz or another exact pitch as a tuning and arrangement reference. - **Audio technicians** can check whether a speaker path reproduces common bass, midrange, and treble test frequencies. - **Students** can compare the sound and shape of sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waves. - **Developers** can save a short WAV fixture for media controls, demos, or local application testing. ## Expert note Only a sine oscillator contains one ideal frequency. Square, triangle, and sawtooth waves add harmonics, so they can sound much brighter and may stress small speakers more at the same digital level. A high-frequency setting that you cannot hear can still be active, so never raise the level just to force an audible result. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this online tone generator free? Yes. You can play tones and download short WAV files without an account, payment, or usage limit. The controls cover 20 Hz to 20 kHz, four standard oscillator waveforms, common frequency presets, output level, and WAV durations from one to ten seconds. ### Does the tone generator upload or record audio? No. The tool does not request microphone access, record sound, or upload audio. Live tones and downloadable WAV samples are synthesized on your device through browser audio APIs. Ordinary site resources or analytics may still make page requests, so this privacy claim applies specifically to tone generation. ### What frequency range can I generate? You can generate values from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, including decimals. This spans the conventional human-audible range, but actual audibility depends on age, hearing, speakers, headphones, device filters, and room conditions. Inaudible does not necessarily mean the signal is absent. ### What is the difference between sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waves? A sine wave has one fundamental frequency. Square waves add strong odd harmonics, triangle waves add softer odd harmonics, and sawtooth waves include both even and odd harmonics. Those added frequencies make non-sine shapes sound brighter even when the frequency control shows the same fundamental. ### Why do I have to press Play before sound starts? Modern browsers usually block audio that starts without a user action. Pressing Play lets the page create or resume its audio context. If the status says Playing but you hear nothing, check the device output, keep the level low, and confirm that the selected frequency is within your equipment's range. ### Can I use this as a hearing test? No. This is a signal generator, not a calibrated audiometer or medical hearing test. Browser gain, device volume, headphone sensitivity, frequency response, and background noise are uncontrolled. Do not use a result to diagnose hearing loss, and stop immediately if any sound is painful or uncomfortable. ### How is the downloadable WAV made? The browser renders the selected oscillator into a mono 48 kHz audio buffer, applies short fades to reduce boundary clicks, and encodes 16-bit PCM WAV data locally. The saved file contains the chosen waveform, frequency, level, and duration, with no server conversion. ## Related tools - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/) - [Text to Speech](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-speech/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio Volume Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/) - [Audio Normalizer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-normalizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Topical Map Generator - Free SEO Content Planner" description: "Free topical map generator: turn one seed topic into a pillar-and-cluster SEO content plan with intent labels. Instant, private, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Topical Map Generator Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is a topical map generator? A topical map generator turns one seed topic into a structured SEO content plan: a pillar page plus clusters of supporting page ideas, each tagged with its search intent. Type your topic and the map appears instantly - then copy it as Markdown or download a CSV for your content calendar. Nothing is uploaded. Most topical map tools put an AI between you and your plan: you wait for generation, sign up, and get different output every run. This one is **deterministic** - it scaffolds your topic across eight proven cluster frames (basics, how-to, comparisons, best-of, cost, problems, audiences, resources) built from the query patterns people actually type. The same input always gives the same map, instantly, entirely in your browser. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your main topic** - Type the subject you want to rank for - a niche, product area, or service. The map generates live as you type. 2. **Review the clusters** - Scan the pillar page and the eight clusters of page ideas. Untick any cluster that doesn't fit your niche - the counts and exports update. 3. **Check the intent mix** - Each page idea carries an informational, commercial, or transactional label, so you can see whether your plan covers the whole funnel. 4. **Export the map** - Copy the map as a Markdown outline or download it as a CSV to paste into your content calendar, brief, or project tracker. ## Who it's for - **Bloggers and niche-site owners** planning enough coverage of one topic to build topical authority before writing a single post. - **SEO freelancers and agencies** producing a client-ready content plan they can export to CSV and drop into a proposal or content calendar. - **Content marketers** mapping a quarter of editorial ideas around a product theme, with the intent mix visible at a glance. - **Startup founders** sketching the knowledge-hub structure for a new product area before briefing writers. ## Expert note A topical map that is all informational pages leaves the money queries uncovered: aim to keep roughly a quarter of your pages on commercial and transactional intents (comparisons, costs, best-of), because those are the pages that convert the authority the informational cluster earns. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the topical map generator free? Yes - it's completely free, with no sign-up, no credits, and no limits. You can generate and export as many maps as you like; everything runs in your browser. ### Is my topic uploaded anywhere? No. The map is generated locally in your browser from your seed topic and never sent to a server. It even works offline once the page has loaded. ### What is a topical map in SEO? A topical map is a structured plan of every page a site needs to cover a topic fully: one pillar page for the head term, plus clusters of supporting pages for subtopics, questions, and comparisons. Covering the map builds topical authority, which helps every page in the cluster rank. ### How is this different from an AI topical map tool? AI generators produce different output every run and usually need an account. This tool is deterministic: it applies eight proven search-intent frames (what, how-to, vs, best, cost, problems, audience, resources) to your topic, so the map is instant, repeatable, and private. ### How many pages should a topical map have? Start with what you can realistically publish: a pillar page plus 20-40 supporting pages is enough to demonstrate topical authority in most niches. Untick the clusters that don't fit your business rather than publishing thin pages for every idea. ### What do the intent labels mean? Informational pages answer questions and build authority; commercial pages compare options for people close to choosing; transactional pages target queries with buying intent, like costs and free tools. A healthy map covers all three so the traffic you earn can actually convert. ### Can I export the topical map? Yes. Copy the whole map as a Markdown outline (headings and bullet lists, ready for docs and note apps) or download it as a CSV with cluster, page title, and intent columns for spreadsheets and content calendars. ## Related tools - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "TOTP Code Generator - Private Online Authenticator" description: "Generate a current TOTP or 2FA code from a Base32 secret in your browser. RFC 6238 checked, memory-only, with no upload, storage, or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/totp-code-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free TOTP Code Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a TOTP code generator? A TOTP code generator turns a shared Base32 secret and the current time into the rotating verification code used by authenticator apps. This page follows RFC 6238 with SHA-1, SHA-256, or SHA-512 and computes the result locally. Your secret stays in memory only and is cleared when you reset or leave. This generator accepts a Base32 secret or a standard `otpauth://totp` setup URI, then uses your browser's native Web Crypto engine to calculate the current code. It makes no request with your input, writes nothing to browser storage, and never puts the secret in the page URL. For real accounts, use a trusted authenticator or password manager as your everyday vault and treat this page as a temporary recovery, testing, or interoperability aid. **QR handling is deliberately out of scope:** the tool does not upload screenshots, open a camera, create a QR code, or export a setup URI. That keeps the secret's exposure surface small; use your authenticator's trusted provisioning flow when a QR code is required. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the secret** - Type a Base32 setup key or paste an otpauth://totp URI. The secret stays masked by default. 2. **Match the account settings** - Choose SHA-1, SHA-256, or SHA-512, then select 6 or 8 digits and the correct time period. URI parameters are applied automatically. 3. **Use the current code** - Copy the code before the countdown reaches zero. A new code appears automatically for the next time step. 4. **Clear the session** - Select Clear as soon as you finish so the active secret field and generated result are reset. ## Who it's for - **Developers and QA teams** checking a TOTP integration against a known Base32 test secret. - **Support engineers** confirming that algorithm, digit count, period, and system time agree across two implementations. - **Account owners** using a trusted device for a temporary code when their regular authenticator is unavailable. - **Security learners** exploring how the RFC 6238 time step changes a code without sending the secret to a server. ## Expert note RFC 6238 defines TOTP as HOTP over floor((Unix time - T0) / period), using an unsigned 8-byte counter. The implementation is checked against all 18 official Appendix B vectors, including the year 2603 case that catches code limited to 32-bit time. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my TOTP secret uploaded or stored? No. The secret is processed by the Web Crypto API in your browser and is never submitted to a server, written to localStorage, placed in the URL, or logged by the tool. It remains in page memory until you select Clear, close the tab, or navigate away. ### Is this TOTP code generator free? Yes. It is free to use with no account, download, or usage limit. The page can keep generating codes after it has loaded because the algorithm and clock run locally in your browser. ### What TOTP settings are supported? The generator supports HMAC-SHA-1, HMAC-SHA-256, and HMAC-SHA-512, with 6 or 8 digits and 30 or 60 second periods in the interface. It accepts unpadded or correctly padded RFC 4648 Base32 secrets and standard otpauth://totp setup URIs. ### Why does my 2FA code not match my authenticator app? Check that both devices have accurate system time and use the same algorithm, digit count, and period. Most accounts use SHA-1, 6 digits, and 30 seconds. A mismatch in any setting, or a secret copied with the wrong character, produces a different code. ### Can I paste an otpauth URI? Yes. Paste a standard otpauth://totp URI and the tool reads its secret, algorithm, digits, and period in memory. HOTP URIs are rejected because HOTP uses an event counter rather than time. The URI is never saved or exported. ### Does this tool scan or generate 2FA QR codes? No. QR upload, camera scanning, QR creation, and secret export are deliberately excluded. Direct text paste is easier to inspect and avoids keeping a sensitive QR image or downloadable setup artifact. Use your authenticator's trusted provisioning flow when a QR code is required. ### Is an online TOTP generator safe for a real account? A browser-local generator avoids sending the secret to a server, but the secret is still a long-lived credential. Use only a device and browser you trust, avoid extensions you do not trust, clear the field afterward, and prefer a dedicated authenticator or encrypted password manager for routine use. ## Related tools - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/) - [JWT Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-generator/) - [SHA-256 Hash Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/sha-256-hash/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Tournament Bracket Generator - Seed and Play" description: "Create a free single-elimination tournament bracket for 2 to 32 players. Seed or shuffle, handle byes, advance winners, copy, and print locally." url: https://candoya.com/tools/tournament-bracket-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Tournament Bracket Generator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a tournament bracket generator? A tournament bracket generator turns a list of teams or players into a single-elimination draw. Enter 2 to 32 participants, keep your seed order or shuffle locally, and the tool places any required byes automatically. Click each match winner to advance them through the bracket, then copy or print the result. This bracket maker is designed for one clear format: **single elimination**, where one loss removes a participant from the tournament. Seed as entered when rankings matter, or use the shuffled draw for a casual event. The title, draw, and winner picks are saved in local browser storage. Nothing is uploaded, and clearing site data removes the saved tournament. A field that is not a power of two needs byes in the first round. The tool expands the draw to the next size of 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32, then places empty slots against the highest seeds. Later rounds fill only when earlier matches are decided. If you change an earlier winner, every dependent result is cleared so the bracket cannot keep an impossible finalist. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the field** - Add one team or player per line in the order you want them seeded. Use 2 to 32 distinct names. 2. **Choose the draw** - Keep Seed as entered for ranked placement, or choose Shuffle draw to randomize the field locally. 3. **Generate the bracket** - The tool creates the required rounds and advances first-round byes automatically. 4. **Play through the matches** - Click a participant to mark the winner. Winners appear in the next round until the final produces a champion. 5. **Keep or share a record** - Copy a plain-text summary or open the clean print view to print or save the bracket as a PDF. ## Who it's for - **Local sports organizers** running a short tennis, table tennis, pickleball, or five-a-side knockout. - **Gaming communities** tracking a 1v1 console, fighting game, chess, or card-game event. - **Teachers and youth leaders** arranging quiz, debate, spelling, or classroom competitions. - **Offices and clubs** making a private bracket for game night, awards, or a friendly challenge. ## Expert note For a six-player seeded draw, an eight-slot bracket creates two byes: seeds 1 and 2 advance, while 3 plays 6 and 4 plays 5. Pairing all six players immediately would leave three winners, which cannot form a balanced next round. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my tournament data uploaded? No. Participant names, the bracket, and winner selections stay in your browser. The tool uses local browser storage so the current tournament can survive a refresh, but it does not send the draw to CanDoYa. Clearing this tournament or your site data removes the saved copy. ### Is the tournament bracket generator free? Yes. You can create, play through, copy, and print as many single-elimination brackets as you need without an account or payment. The work runs locally in your browser, so there is no hosted tournament page or paid sharing tier. ### How many participants can I add? You can add from 2 to 32 distinct teams or players. That covers a direct final through a five-round, 32-participant bracket. Larger events, double elimination, round robin, group stages, scores, and public live links are outside this tool's scope. ### How do byes work in a single-elimination bracket? Byes are needed when the field is not a power of two. The bracket expands to the next power-of-two size and the highest seeds receive the empty first-round positions. They advance automatically, leaving a balanced number of participants for round two. ### How does tournament seeding work? Seed as entered treats the first line as seed 1, the second as seed 2, and so on. Standard bracket placement puts the top two seeds in opposite halves and pairs higher seeds against lower seeds, helping the strongest ranked participants avoid meeting early. ### What happens if I change an earlier winner? The new winner advances, and every later result that depended on the old matchup is cleared. This safeguard prevents a previous semifinal or final choice from remaining after one of its participants has changed. Unaffected matches keep their results. ### Can I save or print the bracket? The current bracket saves automatically in this browser. Copy summary produces a plain-text record, while Print bracket opens a clean layout that you can print or save as PDF through your browser. This tool does not create a public link or sync between devices. ## Related tools - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/) - [Kanban Board](https://candoya.com/tools/kanban-board/) - [Online Notepad](https://candoya.com/tools/quick-notepad/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) - [Online Habit Tracker](https://candoya.com/tools/habit-tracker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Triadic Color Generator - Free Harmony Tool" description: "Free triadic color generator to create balanced 3-color harmonies 120° apart on the hue wheel. Instant hex, RGB and HSL output - no sign-up, runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/triadic-colors/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Triadic Color Generator Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a triadic color scheme? A triadic color scheme uses three colors evenly spaced 120 degrees apart on the color wheel, creating vibrant, balanced compositions. This tool generates all three colors instantly from a base color in hex, RGB or HSL format, showing each in multiple formats with contrast-aware text for readability. Triadic harmonies are prized in design and branding because they deliver high visual impact without clashing. The 120-degree spacing ensures each color is distinct yet balanced. This tool accepts any color format - hex codes like `#3366cc`, RGB like `rgb(51, 102, 204)`, or HSL like `hsl(220, 60%, 50%)` - and instantly generates the two harmony partners. **Everything runs in your browser** - no upload, no account, no limits. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a base color** - Type or paste a color in hex (#3366cc), RGB (rgb(51, 102, 204)) or HSL (hsl(220, 60%, 50%)) format, or pick one with the native color picker. 2. **View the triadic harmony** - The tool instantly generates the two harmony partners - each 120° and 240° from your base - and displays all three in hex, RGB and HSL with live color swatches. 3. **Copy and use** - Click any swatch to copy its hex code, or use Copy All to grab all three hex values at once. Paste into your design tool, CSS or color palette. ## Who it's for - **Graphic designers and brand teams** building vibrant, balanced color palettes for logos, marketing materials and brand guidelines. - **Web and UI designers** creating accessible color schemes for interfaces where high contrast and visual hierarchy matter. - **Illustrators and digital artists** exploring color combinations for paintings, digital art and character design. - **Interior designers and architects** planning room schemes and building exteriors using harmonious color relationships. ## Expert note The 120-degree spacing of triadic colors creates maximum hue separation while maintaining balance - each color is equally distant from the other two. This is why triadic schemes feel vibrant and energetic without the harshness of complementary pairs. For accessibility, always check contrast ratios when placing text on colored backgrounds; this tool shows contrast-aware text (black or white) on each swatch to guide your choices. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this triadic color generator free? Yes - it's 100% free with no sign-up and no limits. It runs entirely in your browser. ### Are my colors uploaded anywhere? No. The color math is plain JavaScript running on your device - nothing is sent to a server, and it keeps working offline once the page is loaded. ### What color formats does it accept? Hex codes (#3366cc or #36c), RGB (rgb(51, 102, 204)), and HSL (hsl(220, 60%, 50%)). Whitespace is flexible - the tool normalizes all formats automatically. ### What happens with grayscale colors? Grayscale colors (zero saturation) have no hue, so all three triadic positions land on the same gray. This is correct per color theory - a gray has no color family to harmonize with. ### Can I use triadic colors for text and backgrounds? Yes, but check contrast. This tool shows contrast-aware text (black or white) on each swatch to guide readability. For WCAG AA compliance, aim for at least 4.5:1 contrast ratio between text and background. ### How do triadic colors differ from complementary colors? Complementary colors are 180° apart (two colors), creating maximum contrast. Triadic colors are 120° apart (three colors), offering more balance and less tension while still delivering visual impact. ### Can I generate other color harmonies? This tool focuses on triadic (120° spacing). For analogous, complementary, split-complementary or tetradic harmonies, try a dedicated color palette generator. ## Related tools - [Color Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/color-palette-generator/) - [Color Mixer](https://candoya.com/tools/color-mixer/) - [HEX to HSL Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-hsl/) - [Random Color Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/random-color-generator/) - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Trim Whitespace Online - Clean Text Edges" description: "Trim whitespace from text or every line. Remove leading and trailing spaces, tabs and Unicode spacing while preserving internal formatting." url: https://candoya.com/tools/trim-whitespace/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Trim Whitespace Online Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## How do I trim whitespace from text? Paste your text into this whitespace trimmer to remove leading and trailing spaces instantly. You can trim the start, the end or both, and apply the cleanup to every line. Internal spaces and line breaks stay untouched, so the result keeps the structure you meant to preserve. Whitespace at a text boundary is easy to miss. It can make spreadsheet values fail an exact match, add noise to copied lists or leave source files with invisible trailing characters. This tool removes ordinary spaces, tabs, non-breaking spaces and other Unicode spacing characters from the selected edges. Keep **Trim every line** on for lists, code output and multiline data. Turn it off to trim only the outside of the complete text block. Unlike a general space cleaner, this operation does not collapse repeated spaces between words. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the text** - Enter text with unwanted spaces, tabs or invisible Unicode spacing at its edges. 2. **Choose the edges** - Select Trim starts, Trim ends or both. Keep Trim every line on for multiline text. 3. **Review the live result** - Check the output and the counts for removed characters and changed lines. 4. **Copy the trimmed text** - Use Copy when the boundaries look right, or Clear to start with another block. ## Who it's for - **Spreadsheet users** cleaning copied cells before exact-match formulas, lookups or imports. - **Developers** removing trailing spaces from logs, configuration snippets and generated text. - **Editors and writers** tidying line edges without changing deliberate spacing inside the text. - **Data teams** preparing one-value-per-line lists while preserving the order and line structure. ## Expert note Leading whitespace can carry indentation, and two trailing spaces create a hard line break in Markdown. If either is intentional, disable that edge before copying the result. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The trimming runs locally in your browser with client-side JavaScript. Your text is not sent to a server, which makes the tool suitable for drafts, internal notes, logs and other content you prefer to keep on your device. ### Is the whitespace trimmer free? Yes. The tool is free to use with no sign-up, download or fixed usage limit. Paste or type text, choose which edges to trim and copy the live result when it looks right. ### How much text can I trim at once? There is no fixed character limit. Trimming is a small local text operation, so normal documents process instantly. Very large input is limited only by your browser memory and what remains practical to inspect in one text box. ### What counts as whitespace? The tool recognizes ordinary spaces, tabs, non-breaking spaces, byte-order marks and other Unicode spacing characters at line edges. In whole-block mode, outer line breaks also count as whitespace and can be removed from the beginning or end. ### Does trimming remove spaces between words? No. It removes whitespace only at the selected boundaries. Repeated spaces, tabs or alignment inside a line stay exactly as entered. Use Remove Extra Spaces when you want to collapse internal spacing as well. ### Can I remove trailing spaces but keep indentation? Yes. Turn off Trim starts and leave Trim ends enabled. Leading spaces and tabs then remain untouched, while whitespace after the last visible character is removed from each line or from the full text block. ### What does Trim every line do? When enabled, the selected cleanup runs independently on every line while preserving all line separators. When disabled, only the outer start and end of the complete text block are trimmed, and whitespace inside the block remains unchanged. ### Does it work with non-English text? Yes. Trimming depends on Unicode whitespace characters, not English words or grammar. Letters, punctuation, emoji and scripts such as Arabic, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Japanese and Korean remain unchanged. ## Related tools - [Remove Extra Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-extra-spaces/) - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Find and Replace](https://candoya.com/tools/find-and-replace/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Truth Table Generator - Boolean Logic Online" description: "Truth table generator for Boolean expressions with AND, OR, NOT, XOR, implication, and equivalence. See every row, minterm, and result instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/truth-table-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Truth Table Generator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a truth table generator? A truth table generator evaluates a Boolean expression for every possible combination of its variables. Enter logic with AND, OR, NOT, XOR, implication, or equivalence to see each true and false result, identify its minterms, and tell whether the expression is a tautology, contradiction, or contingent statement. The parser accepts word operators such as `AND`, `OR`, `NOT`, `XOR`, `IMPLIES`, and `IFF`, plus familiar symbols such as `&`, `|`, `!`, `^`, `->`, and ``. NAND, NOR, constants, multi-letter variable names, and parentheses also work. Your expression is parsed and evaluated locally with purpose-built JavaScript. It is never sent to a calculation service, and the parser does not run your input as code. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a Boolean expression** - Type variable names and operators, or choose a preset such as De Morgan's law. 2. **Check the generated rows** - The table updates live with every true and false assignment for up to eight variables. 3. **Read the classification** - See whether the expression is always true, always false, or contingent, and review its minterm and maxterm indices. 4. **Copy the table** - Copy the tab-separated table into a spreadsheet, notes app, or assignment. ## Who it's for - **Logic students** checking propositional calculus exercises and homework. - **Computer science students** tracing Boolean conditions before writing code. - **Digital design learners** comparing the outputs of AND, OR, XOR, NAND, and NOR gates. - **Teachers** preparing worked examples for lectures, quizzes, and worksheets. - **Developers** testing whether two conditions cover the same combinations of inputs. ## Expert note Implication is the operator that most often surprises learners: P implies Q is false only when P is true and Q is false. This generator parses implication from right to left, so P -> Q -> R means P -> (Q -> R); add parentheses whenever you intend a different grouping. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my Boolean expression uploaded? No. Parsing, row generation, and evaluation all happen locally in your browser. The tool does not send your expression or generated table to a server, so you can work with private exercises, circuit conditions, or application logic without uploading them. ### Is this truth table generator free? Yes. The generator is free to use with no account, paywall, or download. Enter an expression, inspect every row, and copy the finished table as often as needed. ### How many variables can the truth table contain? The generator accepts up to eight distinct variables, which produces at most 256 rows. A truth table doubles in size with each added variable, so this limit keeps the output responsive and readable on ordinary desktop and mobile browsers. ### Which Boolean operators can I use? You can use NOT, AND, NAND, XOR, OR, NOR, implication, and equivalence. Type words such as AND and IFF, or symbols including !, &, |, ^, ->, and . The constants true, false, 1, and 0 are also accepted. ### What is the order of operations in a Boolean expression? NOT is evaluated first, followed by AND or NAND, XOR, OR or NOR, implication, and then equivalence. Implication groups from right to left. Parentheses take priority over every operator, so use them whenever the intended grouping may be unclear. ### What is the difference between a tautology and a contradiction? A tautology is true on every row of its truth table, such as P OR NOT P. A contradiction is false on every row, such as P AND NOT P. An expression with both true and false rows is classified as contingent. ### Why is P implies Q true when P is false? Material implication is false only when its premise P is true and its conclusion Q is false. In every row where P is false, the conditional is true. This matches the equivalent expression NOT P OR Q and is the standard definition used in propositional logic. ## Related tools - [Prime Factorization Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/prime-factorization/) - [Big Number Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/big-number-calculator/) - [Fraction Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/fraction-calculator/) - [Integral Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/integral-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Two's Complement Converter With Steps" description: "Convert signed decimal numbers to two's-complement binary and back at 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits, with exact hex and calculation steps." url: https://candoya.com/tools/twos-complement-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Two's Complement Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a two's complement converter? A two's complement converter translates signed decimal integers into the fixed-width binary format computers use, or decodes a binary word back to decimal. Choose 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits to see the exact binary, hexadecimal, unsigned value, sign bit, valid range, and calculation steps. This converter works in both directions and updates as you type. It uses exact integer arithmetic in your browser, so a 64-bit value never passes through JavaScript floating-point numbers or loses low-order bits. Spaces and underscores are accepted in binary input for easier reading. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a direction** - Select decimal to two's complement to encode a signed integer, or two's complement to decimal to decode a bit pattern. 2. **Set the bit width** - Pick 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits. The selected width determines the signed range and how the leading bit is interpreted. 3. **Enter the value** - Type a decimal integer or an exact-width binary word. The converter validates the digits and reports overflow clearly. 4. **Read or copy the result** - Review the grouped binary, signed decimal, hexadecimal, unsigned value, and calculation steps, then copy the binary word. ## Who it's for - **Systems developers** checking signed values in registers, memory dumps, and binary protocols. - **Embedded engineers** translating sensor readings and device fields stored as fixed-width signed integers. - **Computer science students** verifying invert-and-add-one exercises and learning why bit width changes the answer. - **Security and network analysts** interpreting hexadecimal bytes and signed fields without 32-bit rounding errors. ## Expert note Bit width is part of the value: 1111 means -1 as a 4-bit word but +15 when zero-extended to 8 bits. This tool requires the exact selected width when decoding so it never guesses the missing sign-extension bits. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this two's complement converter free? Yes. The converter is free to use with no sign-up, download, or conversion limit. It supports the common 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64-bit signed integer widths. ### Is my number uploaded anywhere? No. Every calculation runs locally in your browser. The decimal or binary values you enter are not uploaded to a server, which makes the tool suitable for private register values, memory dumps, and protocol fields. ### What is the largest number the converter supports? At 64 bits, the signed range is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 through 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. The converter uses BigInt for exact arithmetic, so those boundary values and every integer between them are converted without rounding. ### How do you convert a negative decimal to two's complement? Write the positive magnitude in the chosen width, invert every bit, then add one. For example, 42 is 00101010 at 8 bits; inverting gives 11010101, and adding one gives 11010110, the 8-bit encoding of -42. ### How do you convert two's complement binary to decimal? If the leading bit is 0, read the word as ordinary binary. If it is 1, read the unsigned value and subtract 2 raised to the bit width. For 11010110 at 8 bits, 214 minus 256 equals -42. ### Why does bit width matter in two's complement? The most significant bit carries a negative weight and its position depends on the width. An 8-bit word spans -128 through 127, while a 16-bit word spans -32,768 through 32,767. A shorter negative word must be sign-extended with leading 1s to preserve its value. ### Can the converter show hexadecimal two's complement? Yes. Every valid result includes the fixed-width hexadecimal word. For example, -42 at 8 bits is binary 11010110 and hexadecimal D6. The converter also shows the unsigned interpretation, which is 214 in this example. ## Related tools - [Number Base Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/) - [IEEE 754 Float Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/ieee-754-float-converter/) - [IPv4 Subnet Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/ipv4-subnet-calculator/) - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Typing Speed Test - Check Your WPM Online" description: "Take a free typing speed test to check your WPM and accuracy in 15, 30, or 60 seconds. Get instant results with no sign-up or download." url: https://candoya.com/tools/typing-speed-test/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Typing Speed Test Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## What is a typing speed test? A typing speed test measures how quickly and accurately you copy a passage. Start typing and this free test tracks correct characters, mistakes, accuracy, and words per minute in real time. Choose 15, 30, or 60 seconds, then get an instant result without creating an account or installing anything. The test runs entirely in your browser. It starts with your first character and stops when time runs out or you finish the passage. Pasting is blocked, but Backspace works, so you can correct mistakes as you type. Your text and result stay on your device. WPM uses the standard convention of five correct characters per word, including spaces and punctuation. That makes scores comparable even when the passage contains words of different lengths. Accuracy is the percentage of your currently typed characters that match the passage. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a test length** - Pick 15 seconds for a quick warmup, 30 seconds for practice, or 60 seconds for a more stable WPM result. 2. **Start typing** - Click the typing box and copy the passage exactly. The timer begins with your first character, so there is no start-button delay. 3. **Correct mistakes** - Watch the character feedback and use Backspace when needed. Accuracy and WPM update while you type. 4. **Review your result** - When the test ends, compare WPM, accuracy, correct characters, and errors. Copy the result or try a new passage. ## Who it's for - **Job applicants** checking their current WPM before an administrative, support, transcription, or data-entry assessment. - **Students** building keyboard fluency for essays, notes, research, and timed computer-based exams. - **Writers and developers** measuring whether regular practice improves speed without sacrificing accuracy. - **Anyone learning touch typing** using short 15-second checks for warmups and 60-second tests for a steadier benchmark. ## Expert note A 60-second test is usually a better personal benchmark than a 15-second sprint because brief bursts amplify a fast start and passage familiarity. Compare scores using the same duration, and prioritize accuracy first: a smooth 55 WPM at 98% accuracy is more useful than a rushed higher score full of corrections. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this typing speed test free? Yes. You can take unlimited 15, 30, and 60-second typing tests for free. There is no sign-up, subscription, download, or score limit. The test and its passages load with the page and run in your browser. ### Is anything I type uploaded? No. Passage comparison, timing, WPM, and accuracy are calculated locally in your browser. Your typed text and result are not sent to a server. Reloading or leaving the page clears the current test. ### How is typing speed measured? Typing speed is shown as WPM, or words per minute. This test counts the characters you typed correctly, divides by five to get standard words, then divides by the elapsed minutes. The five-character standard keeps results comparable across passages with different word lengths. ### What is a good typing speed? Around 40 WPM is a practical everyday speed for many computer users. Reaching 60 WPM with high accuracy is strong, while 80 WPM or more is fast. Your useful target depends on the task, so track accuracy and consistency as well as raw speed. ### How is typing accuracy calculated? Accuracy is the share of your typed characters that match the passage at the same position. If 98 of 100 typed characters are correct, accuracy is 98%. Using Backspace to fix a mismatch removes it from the current error count before the test ends. ### Which typing test length should I use? Use 15 seconds for a quick warmup, 30 seconds for repeat practice, and 60 seconds for a more reliable benchmark. A longer test reduces the effect of a lucky opening and better reflects the pace you can maintain. ### Can I paste the passage into the typing box? No. Pasting is disabled because it would produce a meaningless speed result. You can type normally, use Backspace to correct mistakes, reset the same passage, or load a new text at any time. ## Related tools - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Countdown Timer](https://candoya.com/tools/countdown-timer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "ULID Generator - Free Online Sortable ID Tool" description: "Generate ULIDs online in bulk. Create sortable 26-character Crockford Base32 IDs, copy one or all, and keep monotonic order. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/ulid-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free ULID Generator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a ULID generator? A ULID generator creates 26-character Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifiers. Each ULID stores a 48-bit Unix millisecond timestamp followed by 80 bits of randomness, encoded with Crockford Base32, so IDs are compact, URL-safe and sort by creation time while staying generated entirely in your browser. Use this free ULID generator when you want IDs that are shorter than UUID strings and friendly to ordered database indexes. The page uses the browser's Web Crypto random source, creates up to 1000 ULIDs at once, and never uploads the generated values. Leave monotonic mode on when you plan to paste the whole batch into tests or fixtures: IDs created in the same millisecond get an incremented random tail, so the list sorts in the same order you generated it. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a quantity** - Pick how many ULIDs to generate, from 1 up to 1000. 2. **Keep or change monotonic mode** - Leave monotonic mode on for a batch that sorts in generation order when IDs share the same millisecond. 3. **Choose letter case** - Use canonical uppercase output, or switch to lowercase if your system stores ULIDs that way. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy one ULID at a time, or copy the full list with one ID per line. ## Who it's for - **Backend developers** creating primary keys that sort by creation time without a central sequence. - **Database engineers** comparing ULID, UUID v7 and NanoID formats for insert locality and storage size. - **API teams** minting request IDs, trace IDs, event IDs and message keys that stay URL-safe. - **QA and data engineers** seeding fixtures with realistic sortable identifiers in bulk. - **Documentation writers** adding valid example ULIDs to docs, configs and sample payloads. ## Expert note A ULID is sortable because its first 10 Base32 characters encode the millisecond timestamp. That is useful for database keys and logs, but it also means the creation time is visible to anyone who sees the ID. Use ULIDs for public IDs where time ordering is acceptable, and prefer a fully random token when hiding creation time matters. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the ULID generator free? Yes. It is free, has no sign-up and runs fully in your browser. You can generate batches of up to 1000 ULIDs as often as you need. ### Are generated ULIDs uploaded anywhere? No. The ULIDs are created locally with the browser's Web Crypto API and copied directly from your device. The generated identifiers are not sent to a server. ### How is a ULID different from a UUID? A ULID is 26 Base32 characters and starts with a timestamp, so it sorts by creation time. A classic UUID v4 is 36 characters with hyphens and is randomly distributed. UUID v7 is closer to ULID because it is also time-ordered. ### What does monotonic mode do? When several ULIDs are generated in the same millisecond, monotonic mode increments the random tail for each next ID. That keeps the batch lexicographically sorted in the same order it was generated. ### Can two ULIDs collide? A ULID has 80 random bits after the timestamp, which gives about 1.2e24 possible IDs per millisecond. Collisions are extremely unlikely when the random source is secure, and monotonic mode avoids repeats inside a single same-millisecond batch. ### Why does a ULID use Crockford Base32? Crockford Base32 is compact, case-insensitive and avoids confusing letters such as I, L, O and U. That gives ULIDs a readable 26-character string with no hyphens or URL-unsafe symbols. ### Can I decode the time from a ULID? Yes. The first 10 characters encode the Unix timestamp in milliseconds. This tool shows the embedded timestamp for the current batch in UTC. ## Related tools - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/) - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Unicode Character Lookup - Codes and Encodings" description: "Look up any Unicode character or code point. See its name, U+ value, decimal number, UTF-8, UTF-16, HTML, JavaScript, and CSS encodings." url: https://candoya.com/tools/unicode-character-lookup/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Unicode Character Lookup Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a Unicode character lookup? A Unicode character lookup identifies the code point behind a letter, symbol, emoji, space, or control character. Paste text or enter a value such as U+1F680 to see the official name, decimal number, UTF-8 bytes, UTF-16 units, and copy-ready HTML, JavaScript, and CSS escapes. The lookup runs locally as you type. It never uploads your text, and the Unicode name database is downloaded as a static browser asset. Character mode keeps spaces and invisible formatting marks visible with short labels. Code-point mode accepts common forms such as `U+1F680`, `128640`, `🚀`, and `\u{1F680}`. ## How to use it 1. **Choose an input mode** - Use Characters for pasted text, symbols, or emoji. Use Code points for U+, decimal, hexadecimal, HTML, or JavaScript notation. 2. **Enter up to 64 code points** - The tool separates the input by Unicode code point and loads the official Unicode 17.0 name for each value. 3. **Compare the encodings** - Read the decimal value, UTF-8 bytes, UTF-16 units, HTML reference, JavaScript escape, and CSS escape on each card. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy one character report or copy every result as a plain-text reference for code, documentation, or a bug report. ## Who it's for - **Developers debugging encoding** can compare the same character across UTF-8 bytes, UTF-16 units, HTML references, and source-code escapes. - **Designers and content teams** can identify a pasted symbol or emoji before reusing it in a product, document, or social post. - **Localization engineers** can expose invisible spaces, joiners, variation selectors, and combining marks that make two strings look alike but behave differently. - **Students learning Unicode** can see why one visible emoji may contain several code points and why characters above U+FFFF use two UTF-16 units. ## Expert note JavaScript strings use UTF-16, so an emoji such as `🚀` occupies two 16-bit code units (`D83D DE80`) but is one Unicode code point (`U+1F680`). A family emoji or accented letter can still contain several code points joined into one visible grapheme, which is why this tool shows code points rather than visual-character counts. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Unicode character lookup free? Yes. You can inspect up to 64 code points at once without signing up. The limit keeps the result cards quick and readable, and you can clear the field and inspect another group immediately. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Parsing and encoding happen entirely in your browser. The Unicode name database is a static site asset; your input is not sent with that request or stored on a server. ### How do I find the Unicode code point for a character? Choose Characters and paste or type the symbol. Its card shows a U+ value, such as U+0041 for A, plus the decimal value and encodings. Spaces, line breaks, joiners, and variation selectors receive visible labels so they are not mistaken for blank results. ### Can I turn a Unicode code point into a character? Yes. Choose Code points and enter a value such as U+1F680, 0x1F680, decimal 128640, an HTML reference, or a JavaScript Unicode escape. The decoded character and every equivalent encoding appear together. ### Why does one emoji show several code points? Some displayed emoji are grapheme sequences made from multiple Unicode code points. Skin tones, variation selectors, regional indicators, and zero-width joiners can combine several values into one visible symbol. The tool lists those underlying values separately so you can diagnose the exact text. ### What is the difference between UTF-8 and UTF-16 here? UTF-8 represents a code point with one to four bytes. UTF-16 uses one 16-bit unit for values in the Basic Multilingual Plane and a surrogate pair for higher values. Both columns encode the same Unicode code point in different formats. ### Which Unicode version provides the character names? The bundled name database follows Unicode 17.0. It includes assigned character names, useful aliases for controls, algorithmic names for ranges such as Hangul and CJK, and labels for private-use, reserved, and noncharacter values. ## Related tools - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [Number Base Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/number-base-converter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Unit Price Calculator - Compare Package Value" description: "Unit price calculator to compare two packages by item, weight, or volume. Convert mixed units instantly and see which option costs less." url: https://candoya.com/tools/unit-price-comparison/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Unit Price Comparison Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a unit price calculator compare? A unit price calculator divides each package price by its quantity, converts compatible measurements to the same unit, and identifies the lower rate. You can compare counts, weights, or volumes even when labels use different units, such as ounces and grams, then see the percentage difference and equivalent-package savings. Use this comparison while shopping in a store, checking an online basket, or reviewing supplier packs. Select one currency for both prices because the tool compares amounts but does not fetch exchange rates. Everything runs in your browser, so product names and prices are not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a measurement** - Select item count, weight, or volume, then choose the currency used by both prices. 2. **Enter both packages** - Add each package price, quantity, and label unit. Product names are optional. 3. **Set the comparison unit** - Pick the unit you want to see. Compatible metric and US measurements convert automatically. 4. **Check the better value** - Read both normalized rates, the lower-priced option, percentage difference, and equivalent-package savings. ## Who it's for - **Grocery shoppers** comparing family sizes, multipacks, and sale packages. - **International shoppers** matching ounces with grams or fluid ounces with liters. - **Small businesses** checking supplier packs before restocking consumables. - **Households** deciding whether a bulk package saves enough to justify its size. - **Budget planners** measuring the real difference behind shelf-price promotions. ## Expert note Unit price equals package price divided by package quantity after both quantities are normalized. A 12 oz pack at 4.49 is about 13.20 per kilogram, while 500 g at 6.29 is 12.58 per kilogram, so the second pack is about 4.7% cheaper by weight. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my shopping data uploaded? No. The comparison runs entirely in your browser. The product names, package sizes, and prices you enter are not sent to a calculation server or stored by this tool. ### Is the unit price calculator free? Yes. You can compare as many package pairs as you need without an account, payment, or download. Use Clear between comparisons or load the example to see how mixed-unit matching works. ### What are the calculator's limits? It compares two options at a time using item count, mass, or volume. Each price may be zero through 1 trillion, while quantities must be greater than zero. It does not compare unlike dimensions or convert currencies. ### How do you calculate unit price? Divide the package price by its quantity in the chosen comparison unit. If a 500 gram package costs 6.29, it contains 0.5 kilograms, so its price is 6.29 divided by 0.5, or 12.58 per kilogram. ### Can I compare ounces with grams or liters with gallons? Yes. Choose Weight for ounces, pounds, grams, and kilograms, or Volume for milliliters, liters, US fluid ounces, quarts, and gallons. The calculator normalizes both package sizes before comparing their rates. ### Should tax, delivery, or coupons be included? Use the amount you will actually pay when those charges differ between options. Add item-specific tax, delivery, or a coupon to the relevant package price. Shared basket charges usually do not help distinguish the packages. ## Related tools - [Discount Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Break-even Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/break-even-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Unix Timestamp Converter - Epoch to Date" description: "Convert Unix timestamps to human-readable dates and back, free in your browser. Auto-detects seconds vs milliseconds and shows UTC, local time and ISO 8601." url: https://candoya.com/tools/unix-timestamp-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Unix Timestamp Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## What is a Unix timestamp? A Unix timestamp (epoch time) is the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970, ignoring leap seconds. This converter turns any epoch value - seconds or milliseconds, detected automatically - into a readable UTC and local date, and converts a calendar date back into Unix seconds and milliseconds. Everything runs locally. The timestamp you paste is parsed on the page, formatted with your browser's own time zone data, and **never uploaded or logged**. It keeps working offline once the page has loaded, and the live counter at the top always shows the current Unix time. ## How to use it 1. **Paste a timestamp** - Type or paste an epoch value such as 1700000000. The tool detects whether it is seconds or milliseconds from its size; use the unit menu to override the guess. 2. **Read the date** - The UTC time, your local time, the ISO 8601 form and a relative reading like "2 years ago" all update instantly as you type. 3. **Convert a date back** - Pick a date and time in the lower panel, choose whether it is local or UTC wall time, and copy the resulting Unix seconds or milliseconds. ## Who it's for - **Developers** decoding epoch values found in API responses, JWT expiry claims, database rows and server logs into dates a human can read. - **Data analysts** converting timestamp columns from JSON or CSV exports before building a report or chart. - **DevOps and sysadmins** checking cron runs, certificate validity windows, cache TTLs and kernel or access-log entries. - **Community managers** grabbing the exact Unix timestamp that Discord-style embeds, bots and scheduled events expect. - **Anyone** who pasted a mysterious 10 or 13-digit number from an app or spreadsheet and wants to know which date it hides. ## Expert note Auto-detection here works by magnitude, not digit counting: values at or above 100,000,000,000 (1e11) are read as milliseconds, everything below as seconds. The two ranges barely overlap in practice - 1e11 milliseconds is March 1973, while 1e11 seconds would land in the year 5138 - so a modern 13-digit millisecond value is never mistaken for seconds. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this Unix timestamp converter free and private? Yes - it is 100% free with no sign-up and no limits. The conversion runs entirely in your browser: the timestamps and dates you enter are never uploaded, stored or logged anywhere. ### How do I tell Unix seconds from milliseconds? By length: current epoch values have 10 digits in seconds and 13 in milliseconds. Unix tools like date +%s and Python's time.time() work in seconds, while JavaScript's Date.now() and Java's System.currentTimeMillis() return milliseconds. This converter detects the unit automatically and lets you override it. ### Does Unix time include leap seconds? No. Unix time pretends every day is exactly 86,400 seconds long, so the leap seconds added to UTC since 1972 are not counted - the Unix clock effectively repeats or smears a second instead. For everyday conversion this makes no visible difference. ### What is the Year 2038 problem? Systems that store Unix time as a signed 32-bit integer overflow at 2,147,483,647 - which is 03:14:07 UTC on 19 January 2038. Modern 64-bit systems, and this converter, are unaffected and handle dates hundreds of thousands of years in either direction. ### Can a Unix timestamp be negative? Yes. Negative values simply count seconds backwards from the epoch, so they represent dates before 1 January 1970. For example, -86400 is 31 December 1969 at 00:00 UTC. Paste one and the converter reads it like any other value. ### Why is the converted time different from my wall clock? A Unix timestamp is anchored to UTC and has no time zone of its own. The UTC row shows the universal reading, while the local row applies your device's time-zone offset - the same timestamp is simply displayed two ways, and daylight saving can shift the local reading by an hour. ### How do I get the current Unix timestamp? It is ticking live at the top of this tool - press Copy to grab it, or Use to convert it. In code, use date +%s in a shell, Date.now() in JavaScript (milliseconds), or time.time() in Python (seconds). ## Related tools - [Age Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/age-calculator/) - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Time Zone Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/) - [Date Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/date-calculator/) - [Days Between Dates Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/days-between-dates/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "URL Builder - Create Links With Parameters" description: "Free URL builder to combine a scheme, host, path, query parameters, and fragment into a correctly encoded link. Build and copy it in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/url-builder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # URL Builder Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is a URL builder? A URL builder creates a complete web address from separate parts: the scheme, host, optional port, path, query parameters, and fragment. Enter each value in a labeled field and the finished link updates instantly, with spaces and special characters encoded correctly by your browser. Build links locally without hand-placing question marks, ampersands, equals signs, or hash marks. The form keeps the address structure visible while the browser's native `URL` and `URLSearchParams` APIs validate the host and encode each parameter. Nothing you enter is uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the origin** - Choose a scheme, then enter the host and an optional non-default port. 2. **Add the destination** - Enter a path and optional fragment. A missing leading slash or hash mark is added automatically. 3. **Add query parameters** - Create key/value rows for filters, tracking tags, API options, or repeated keys. Blank values are kept. 4. **Copy or open the URL** - Check the live encoded output, then copy it or open it in a new browser tab. ## Who it's for - **Developers assembling API endpoints** can combine a host, path, port, and repeated query keys without manual string concatenation. - **Marketers preparing campaign links** can add tracking parameters as clear key/value rows and copy the complete encoded URL. - **QA teams creating test cases** can vary one path, parameter, or fragment while keeping the rest of the address stable. - **Support teams sharing deep links** can build long addresses without losing spaces, Unicode text, or the fragment after the query string. ## Expert note This builder keeps duplicate query keys in order because `tag=shoes&tag=sale` can carry two distinct values. It also lets the native URL API normalize default ports: entering port `443` with `https` removes the explicit port because HTTPS already implies it. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this URL builder free? Yes. The URL builder is free to use with no sign-up, download, or usage limit. Enter the URL parts and the finished address updates immediately. ### Is my URL uploaded anywhere? No. Building, validation, and encoding happen locally in your browser. Hosts, paths, query values, tracking IDs, and fragments are not sent to a server by this tool. ### How many query parameters can I add? There is no tool-imposed limit. You can add, remove, and repeat parameter rows as needed. Browsers, servers, proxies, or third-party apps may still impose their own maximum URL length. ### Does the URL builder encode special characters? Yes. The browser's native URL APIs percent-encode spaces, Unicode text, and reserved characters where required. Query spaces serialize as plus signs, while literal plus signs become `%2B`. ### Can a URL contain duplicate query parameters? Yes. Repeated keys are valid and some APIs use them for lists, such as `tag=shoes&tag=sale`. This builder preserves every non-empty row in its original order instead of merging duplicates. ### What is the difference between a query and a fragment? The query starts after `?` and is normally sent to the server. The fragment starts after `#` and is handled by the browser or page, so it is not included in the HTTP request. ### Why did the default port disappear? The URL standard normalizes default ports. Port 443 is implied by HTTPS and port 80 is implied by HTTP, so the browser removes those explicit values from the finished address. Non-default ports remain visible. ## Related tools - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Query String Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [QR Code Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/qr-code-generator/) - [Cron Expression Builder](https://candoya.com/tools/cron-expression-builder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "URL Encode & Decode - Online Percent Encoder" description: "Free online URL encoder and decoder. Convert text to percent-encoding and back instantly, with full Unicode support. No upload, runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # URL Encode and Decode Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is URL encoding? URL encoding (also called percent-encoding) rewrites characters that aren't safe in a URL - spaces, accents, emoji, ampersands - as `%` followed by their UTF-8 byte values. This tool encodes text into URL-safe form and decodes it back in your browser, with three modes for a single value, a whole URL, or an HTML-form query string. Encoding runs as you type and stays on your device - your text is never uploaded, which makes it safe for tokens, redirect URIs and private query strings. Pick **Component** for a single query value or path segment, **Full URL** when the input is already a whole URL with non-ASCII text, and **Form** for HTML form submissions where a space is `+`. ## How to use it 1. **Pick a direction** - Choose Encode to turn text into a URL-safe form, or Decode to turn percent-encoded text back into text. 2. **Pick a mode** - Component encodes a single value (the most common case), Full URL preserves the URL structure, and Form uses + for a space. 3. **Paste your input** - Type or paste into the input box - the result updates live in the panel beside it. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the output and paste it wherever you need it. Invalid percent escapes show a clear message instead of garbled text. ## Who it's for - **Building query strings** - turn a name like `café & co` into `caf%C3%A9%20%26%20co` so it survives in a URL. - **Reading server logs** - paste a request line and decode it to see the human-readable query and path. - **OAuth and redirects** - encode a `redirect_uri` or `state` value so it round-trips intact through the provider. - **HTML form data** - decode an `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` body where spaces are represented as `+`. ## Expert note encodeURIComponent leaves five characters un-encoded that RFC 3986 actually treats as reserved sub-delimiters: `!`, `*`, `'`, `(` and `)`. They're fine in 99% of URLs, but if a stricter parser rejects them you can encode them by hand as `%21 %2A %27 %28 %29`. The space rule is the other classic gotcha: in a path or query value spaces are `%20`, but in an HTML form body they're `+` - which is why we offer the Form mode separately. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this URL encoder free? Yes - it's completely free, with no sign-up and no usage limits. Encoding and decoding both run in your browser. ### Is my data uploaded anywhere? No. Your text is processed locally in your browser and never sent to a server, so it's safe for tokens, OAuth redirect values and private query strings. ### What is the difference between Component, Full URL and Form modes? Component (encodeURIComponent) encodes a single query value or path segment - it percent-encodes `& = ? /` too. Full URL (encodeURI) keeps those structural characters as-is, which is what you want for a whole URL. Form is like Component but a space is `+` instead of `%20` - the HTML `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` rule. ### Does it handle emoji, accents and non-Latin scripts? Yes. Characters outside ASCII are encoded as their UTF-8 bytes - `é` becomes `%C3%A9`, `🌍` becomes `%F0%9F%8C%8D` - and decoded back to the original text. ### Why is a space sometimes %20 and sometimes +? `%20` is the universal percent-encoding for a space. The plus form (`+`) is only used inside `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` data - that is, the body of an HTML form POST or the query string of a form submission. Use the Form mode for those; use Component or Full URL everywhere else. ### Why do I get "Invalid URL encoding"? The input contains a `%` that isn't followed by two hex digits (for example `%G1` or a trailing `%`), or the percent-bytes don't form valid UTF-8. Fix the broken sequence or paste the original encoded string again. ### Can I encode an already-encoded string? You can, but every `%` in the input becomes `%25`, so the result is doubly encoded. Decode first if your input is already percent-encoded - or use the Decode direction. ## Related tools - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) - [JWT Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-decoder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "URL Extractor - Extract Links From Text" description: "Free URL extractor to pull links from text, HTML, logs, or notes instantly. Remove duplicates, sort results, or list domains. No upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/url-extractor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # URL Extractor From Text Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a URL extractor? A URL extractor scans text or HTML and pulls each web address into a clean list, one link per line. It finds HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, www, and optional bare-domain forms, then lets you remove duplicates, sort the results, or return hostnames only. Everything runs locally in your browser. Use the live results to clean links from notes, source code, crawl exports, emails, or application logs. The scanner decodes common HTML entities such as `&`, so a query string copied from an `href` keeps its real ampersands. It also removes sentence punctuation while preserving balanced parentheses that are part of a URL. No page is fetched, and no destination is checked: this tool only extracts addresses already present in the text you paste. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the source text** - Add plain text, HTML, logs, or notes containing one or more web addresses. 2. **Choose the matching rules** - Keep bare domains enabled for addresses without a scheme, or turn it off to require HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, or www. 3. **Clean the result** - Remove repeated URLs, sort the list alphabetically, or switch the output to unique domain names. 4. **Copy the list** - Copy the newline-separated output into a spreadsheet, editor, audit, or script. ## Who it's for - **SEO and content teams** collecting outbound links from article drafts, crawl snippets, or pasted page source. - **Developers and support teams** isolating endpoints, callback links, and documentation URLs from logs or bug reports. - **Researchers and editors** turning citation-heavy notes into a deduplicated link list for review. - **Data cleanup workflows** reducing mixed text to full URLs or unique domains before moving it into a spreadsheet. ## Expert note A text scanner cannot resolve relative paths such as `/pricing` because they have no hostname. Paste an absolute form such as `https://example.com/pricing` when you need those paths included. Bare-domain matching deliberately ignores the domain portion of an email address, so `name@example.com` does not become a false URL. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded when I extract URLs? No. Matching, cleanup, duplicate removal, sorting, and domain parsing all happen locally in your browser. The tool does not upload your text or request any of the links it finds, which makes it suitable for internal notes and logs that you do not want to send to another service. ### Is this URL extractor free? Yes. The tool is free to use without an account, download, or usage meter. Paste your text, adjust the extraction options, and copy the result directly from the page. ### How much text can I process? There is no fixed server-side limit because processing stays in your browser. Very large inputs still depend on your device memory and browser, but ordinary documents, HTML snippets, emails, and logs are handled live without a network round trip. ### Which URL formats does the extractor find? It finds absolute HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP URLs, links beginning with `www.`, and bare domains such as `example.com/path` when that option is enabled. Paths, query strings, fragments, ports, and Unicode text in a valid URL are kept. ### Can it extract links from HTML source? Yes. Paste raw HTML and the scanner finds absolute addresses inside attributes such as `href` and `src`. It treats HTML as text rather than loading or rendering it, and it decodes common HTML entities in captured query strings. ### Does it remove duplicate URLs? Yes, by default. Duplicate matching uses a parsed form, so host capitalization and standard URL normalization do not create extra rows. Turn off Remove duplicates when repeated appearances matter and you need the list to preserve every match in source order. ### Why are relative links not extracted? A relative path such as `/help` needs a base website before it becomes a complete URL. Since pasted text does not provide a reliable base address, the extractor skips relative paths instead of guessing the wrong domain. ## Related tools - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [Remove Duplicate Lines](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-duplicate-lines/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "URL Parser - Break a URL Into Its Parts Online" description: "Free online URL parser. Paste any URL to split it into scheme, host, port, path, query parameters, and fragment instantly. Runs in your browser, nothing uploaded." url: https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # URL Parser Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a URL parser? A URL parser breaks a web address into its component parts - scheme (https), hostname, port, path, query string, and fragment - and lists each query parameter as a decoded key/value pair. This tool parses any URL in your browser using the same standard the browser itself uses, so you can inspect, debug, or copy any single part. Parsing happens as you type and stays on your device - the URL is never uploaded, which matters when it carries API keys, tokens, or tracking IDs. The tool uses the browser's built-in WHATWG `URL` and `URLSearchParams`, the exact same engine your address bar uses, so what you see is how a real client will read the address. Each query parameter is shown already percent-decoded, and duplicate keys are kept in order instead of being collapsed. ## How to use it 1. **Paste a URL** - Drop any absolute URL into the input box - it can include a userinfo part, port, query string, and fragment. 2. **Read the breakdown** - The panel lists each structural part - scheme, hostname, port, path, query, fragment, origin - as soon as the URL is valid. 3. **Inspect the parameters** - The query-parameter table shows every key and its decoded value, keeping duplicate keys in the order they appear. 4. **Copy what you need** - Copy any single part, or use Copy as JSON to grab the whole parsed structure for a test or a bug report. ## Who it's for - **Developers debugging** a redirect or callback URL - see the exact `path`, `query`, and `fragment` a request will hit. - **Marketers auditing** tracking links - read every `utm_*` parameter as a clean key/value list instead of squinting at one long string. - **QA and support** reproducing a bug from a shared link - copy the isolated hostname, port, or a single query value. - **Anyone learning** how a URL is structured - a labeled breakdown makes scheme, host, port, path, query, and fragment concrete. ## Expert note The WHATWG URL parser this tool uses drops the port from `host` when it is the scheme default - `https://example.com:443/` reports an empty `port` and a `host` of just `example.com`, because 443 is implied by `https`. It also needs an absolute URL: a bare `example.com/path` or a relative `/path?x=1` has no scheme, so the parser can't know the host and will ask you to add `https://`. Non-ASCII hostnames are converted to their punycode (`xn--`) form in `hostname`, which is exactly what gets sent over DNS. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this URL parser free? Yes - it's completely free, with no sign-up and no usage limits. Parsing runs entirely in your browser. ### Is my URL uploaded anywhere? No. The URL is parsed locally in your browser and never sent to a server, so it's safe for links that contain API keys, session tokens, or private query parameters. ### What parts of a URL does it show? It shows the scheme, any username and password (userinfo), the hostname, the port, the path, the query string, and the fragment, plus the origin. Every query parameter is also listed as a decoded key/value pair. ### Why does it say to add https:// ? The URL standard needs an absolute URL to know the host. A bare address like `example.com/path` or a relative one like `/path?x=1` has no scheme, so it can't be parsed on its own - add `https://` (or the correct scheme) to the front and it will parse. ### Are query parameters decoded? Yes. Each parameter value is percent-decoded, so `%20` shows as a space and `caf%C3%A9` shows as `café`. Duplicate keys - like `color=blue&color=red` - are kept as separate rows in their original order rather than being merged. ### Why is the port sometimes blank? When a URL uses the default port for its scheme (443 for https, 80 for http), the standard leaves the `port` empty because it is implied. A non-default port such as `:8443` is shown explicitly. ### Can it parse the fragment after the # ? Yes. The part after `#` is shown as the fragment. It is never sent to the server by browsers, but it is a real part of the URL - useful for single-page-app routes and deep links. ## Related tools - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) - [UUID Generator (v4 & v7)](https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "User-Agent Parser - Browser and Device Details" description: "Parse a User-Agent string into browser, engine, OS, device, CPU, and crawler details. Free, instant, and processed in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/user-agent-parser/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # User-Agent Parser Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a User-Agent parser? A User-Agent parser turns an HTTP User-Agent string into readable browser, rendering engine, operating system, device, CPU, and crawler details. Paste a value from a request log or bug report and the results update instantly. The string is analyzed inside your browser and is not uploaded for parsing. **User-Agent strings are compatibility labels, not trusted device records.** Browsers often include several historical product tokens, so the last distinctive token usually matters more than the first. For example, Edge and Opera include a Chrome token because they use Chromium, while Chrome and Firefox on iOS report WebKit-compatible strings. This parser applies ordered rules so specific clients such as `Edg/`, `OPR/`, `SamsungBrowser/`, `CriOS/`, and `FxiOS/` win before generic Chrome or Safari rules. It also calls out reduced fields and platform ambiguities instead of presenting guesses as facts. ## How to use it 1. **Paste one User-Agent** - Copy the User-Agent header value from a browser, request log, or bug report into the input. 2. **Review the detected fields** - Read the browser or client, engine, operating system, device type, model, and CPU cards. 3. **Check the caveats** - Use the warnings to spot frozen Chromium values, ambiguous Windows versions, or unrecognized clients. 4. **Copy structured output** - Copy the JSON result for a test fixture, issue report, or local analysis script. ## Who it's for - **Developers** checking which browser and engine a request log claims before reproducing a compatibility bug. - **Support teams** turning a long User-Agent from a ticket into an OS and device summary a customer can confirm. - **Analytics engineers** spot-checking crawler, mobile, tablet, and desktop classifications before changing a reporting rule. - **Security analysts** inspecting automated client and product tokens while remembering that headers can be forged. ## Expert note Browser brands must be matched from most specific to least specific. A modern Edge string contains `Chrome/`, for example, but its later `Edg/` token identifies the browser. Chromium reduction can also freeze Android as version 10, replace the model with `K`, and expose only a major browser version. Treat missing detail as unknown, and prefer feature detection when application behavior depends on browser support. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my User-Agent string uploaded? No. Parsing happens locally in your browser and the pasted value is not sent to a parsing service. A User-Agent can still contain device or software details, so avoid sharing sensitive request logs publicly unless you have reviewed the rest of the log data. ### Is this User-Agent parser free? Yes. You can parse User-Agent strings for free without an account, installation, or usage limit. The tool works live in the page and lets you copy the structured result as JSON. ### How long can a User-Agent string be? This tool accepts one line up to 2,048 characters, which covers normal browser, crawler, command-line client, and app User-Agent values. It rejects line breaks because an HTTP User-Agent field value should be treated as a single header value. ### Can a User-Agent identify a device exactly? Not reliably. Some mobile strings include a vendor and model, while desktop strings usually report only a broad platform. Modern browsers also reduce identifying detail, and any client can change or forge the header. Read the result as what the string claims, not verified hardware identity. ### Why does Edge or Opera contain Chrome and Safari? User-Agent strings keep compatibility tokens so websites do not reject newer clients. Chromium-based Edge and Opera include AppleWebKit, Chrome, and Safari-style tokens, then add a distinctive `Edg/` or `OPR/` token. A parser must check those specific markers before the generic Chrome marker. ### Why does Windows 11 appear as Windows 10 or 11? Windows 10 and Windows 11 commonly send the same `Windows NT 10.0` token. The classic User-Agent alone cannot separate them. Higher-entropy User-Agent Client Hints may provide more platform detail when the browser and server both support and permit that request. ### Should I use User-Agent parsing for browser support checks? Usually not. Prefer feature detection, progressive enhancement, and capability tests for application behavior. User-Agent parsing is useful for logs, diagnostics, broad analytics, crawler review, and reproducing reports, but strings can be stale, reduced, ambiguous, or intentionally spoofed. ## Related tools - [URL Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/url-parser/) - [Regex Tester](https://candoya.com/tools/regex-tester/) - [Query String Parser](https://candoya.com/tools/query-string-parser/) - [Screen Resolution Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-resolution-detector/) - [JWT Decoder](https://candoya.com/tools/jwt-decoder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Username Generator - Random Handle Ideas" description: "Generate cool random usernames free online. Pick a style, separator and length, then copy a handle for Instagram, Discord, Roblox or gaming. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/username-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Username Generator Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a username generator? A username generator creates random handle ideas by combining words like an adjective and a noun, optionally followed by a number. You choose the style, separator, capitalization and length, and it suggests unique, available-looking usernames for social media, gaming and sign-ups. This one runs entirely in your browser, so nothing is uploaded. Each suggestion is built locally from curated English word lists using the browser's **Web Crypto random number generator** - the same secure source used for encryption keys - so nothing is sent to a server and the tool keeps working offline once the page has loaded. The random picks use rejection sampling instead of a plain remainder, so no word or digit is quietly favored over another. Pick a style (adjective + noun, two words, or a word with a number), choose a separator and casing, set a maximum length to match a site's rules, and generate as many batches as you like. Every handle is lowercase ASCII letters, digits and an optional separator, which keeps it valid on Instagram, Discord, Roblox, GitHub, Steam and most e-mail providers. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a style** - Pick adjective + noun, adjective + noun + number, two words, a single word with a number, or initials with a number. 2. **Set the format** - Choose a separator (none, underscore, dot or hyphen), lowercase or Capitalized words, and how many digits any number should have. 3. **Set a max length** - Cap the total length to match a platform's limit; the tool retries until a suggestion fits and only trims as a last resort. 4. **Generate and copy** - Copy a single username or the whole list. Press Regenerate any time, and every settings change re-rolls a fresh batch. ## Who it's for - **New account sign-ups** where your first-choice handle is taken and you need fresh, memorable alternatives fast. - **Gamers and streamers** picking a handle for Roblox, Steam, Discord or a Twitch channel that still reads well. - **Content creators** naming a new YouTube, Instagram or TikTok profile and testing a few directions before committing. - **Developers and QA** seeding realistic-looking test users, demo profiles or placeholder accounts in bulk. - **Anyone who wants a pseudonym** to keep a throwaway or privacy-minded account separate from their real name. ## Expert note Most username generators map a random byte to a word with a remainder (byte % list length), which silently makes words at the start of the list appear more often - the same modulo bias that weakens naive password tools. This one rejects out-of-range bytes instead, so every adjective, noun and digit is equally likely, and the batch is de-duplicated so you never see the same suggestion twice in one list. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this username generator free? Yes, completely free with no sign-up, no ads to unlock and no limits. Everything runs in your browser, so you can generate as many usernames as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### Are the usernames unique or already taken? The tool cannot check availability on any specific site - it has no server and never contacts one. It gives you distinct, random suggestions to try; you still enter your favorite on the platform to confirm it is free. ### Can I use these usernames on Instagram, Discord or Roblox? Yes. Every suggestion is lowercase ASCII letters, digits and an optional underscore, dot or hyphen, which is the character set those platforms allow. Match a site's length limit with the max-length setting if it has one. ### How do I make a username shorter or longer? Set the max-length value to cap the total characters, pick a style with fewer words (like word + number), or reduce the number of digits. For a longer handle, choose two words and add a separator and a number. ### Are the suggestions random and unbiased? Yes. Words and digits are chosen from the browser's cryptographic random source using rejection sampling, so no entry is favored, and each batch is de-duplicated so the same username never repeats within one list. ### Do the word lists work in my language? The word lists are English adjectives and nouns, so the suggestions read as English handles. That is usually what you want, since most platforms are global and English handles are widely accepted, but they are not translated into other languages. ### Should I add a number to my username? Adding a number greatly increases the odds the handle is still free, since word-only combinations get claimed quickly on popular platforms. Two to four digits is a good balance between availability and being easy to remember. ## Related tools - [Password Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/password-generator/) - [Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/lorem-ipsum-generator/) - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/) - [URL Slug Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/text-to-slug/) - [Case Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/case-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "UTM Link Builder - Create Campaign URLs" description: "Free UTM link builder for creating correctly encoded campaign URLs. Add source, medium, campaign, term, content, and ID tags instantly." url: https://candoya.com/tools/utm-link-builder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free UTM Link Builder Category: [SEO & Web](https://candoya.com/tools/seo/) ## What is a UTM link builder? A UTM link builder adds campaign tracking parameters to a destination URL so analytics tools can identify where a visit came from. Enter the source, medium, and campaign name, then copy the correctly encoded link. Existing non-UTM query parameters and page fragments stay intact. Build tagged links without manually placing `?`, `&`, or percent escapes. The tool uses your browser's native URL APIs, preserves unrelated query parameters, and replaces stale standard UTM tags instead of creating duplicates. Everything runs locally in your browser, so campaign names and destination links are not uploaded. Google Analytics treats UTM values as case-sensitive. Use one lowercase spelling for each platform and channel, such as `linkedin` and `paid-social`, to avoid splitting one source across several report rows. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the destination** - Paste the landing page URL. A bare domain is accepted and HTTPS is added automatically. 2. **Name the campaign** - Add the source, medium, and campaign name. Keep spellings and capitalization consistent with your tracking plan. 3. **Add optional detail** - Open optional campaign details for a campaign ID, paid keyword, or creative variation. 4. **Check and copy** - Review the live naming checks, then copy the encoded campaign URL or open it in a new tab. ## Who it's for - **Email marketers** can distinguish newsletters, lifecycle messages, and individual calls to action. - **Paid media teams** can label the platform, channel, campaign, keyword, and creative before launching an ad. - **Social media managers** can use consistent source and medium values across organic and paid posts. - **Partners and affiliates** can create trackable referral links while preserving a destination's existing query string. ## Expert note The builder removes existing `utm_source`, `utm_medium`, `utm_campaign`, `utm_id`, `utm_term`, and `utm_content` values before adding the new set. This prevents duplicate tags from silently sending ambiguous campaign data while leaving unrelated parameters and the URL fragment untouched. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this UTM link builder free? Yes. You can build and copy as many campaign URLs as you need without an account, download, or usage limit. The output updates live as you edit each tracking value. ### Are my campaign URLs uploaded? No. URL parsing, validation, and parameter encoding happen in your browser. The tool does not send destination URLs, campaign names, keywords, or creative labels to a server. ### How many UTM parameters can I add? The builder supports the six standard fields most campaign teams use: source, medium, campaign, campaign ID, term, and content. Source, medium, and campaign are recommended for useful attribution; the other three are optional. ### Which UTM parameters are required? Google recommends using `utm_source`, `utm_medium`, and `utm_campaign` together. They identify where traffic came from, how it arrived, and which promotion caused the visit. The builder lets you copy a partial link but clearly marks missing recommended fields. ### Are UTM values case-sensitive? Yes. Analytics reports can treat `LinkedIn` and `linkedin` as separate source values. A lowercase naming convention helps keep reports clean. The builder warns about uppercase letters but preserves exactly what you entered. ### What happens to existing query parameters? Non-UTM parameters remain in their original order, and the page fragment remains at the end of the URL. Existing standard UTM parameters are removed and replaced by the values in the builder so duplicate tracking tags are not produced. ### What are utm_term and utm_content for? Use `utm_term` for a paid search keyword or targeting term. Use `utm_content` to distinguish links or creative variants that share the same campaign, such as `hero-button` and `footer-link`. ## Related tools - [Meta Tag Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/meta-tag-generator/) - [SERP Snippet Preview](https://candoya.com/tools/serp-snippet-preview/) - [Breadcrumb Schema Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/breadcrumb-schema-generator/) - [Topical Map Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/topical-map-generator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "UUID Generator - Free Online v4 & v7 Tool" description: "Generate UUID v4 and time-ordered UUID v7 identifiers online. Bulk up to 1000, uppercase or no-hyphen format, one-click copy. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/uuid-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free UUID Generator (v4 & v7) Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What is a UUID generator? A UUID generator creates universally unique identifiers - 128-bit values written as 36 characters of hex and hyphens, like 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000. This tool builds random version 4 and time-ordered version 7 UUIDs per RFC 9562, in bulk, entirely in your browser, so the IDs never leave your device. Every UUID is built locally with the browser's **Web Crypto random number generator**, so nothing is uploaded and the tool works offline once the page has loaded. Choose **version 4** when you just need an unpredictable random ID, or **version 7** when the IDs will be database keys: v7 starts with a 48-bit creation timestamp, so rows insert in order and B-tree indexes stay fast. A v7 batch generated here is even strictly sorted within the same millisecond, using the monotonic counter method from RFC 9562. Flip the output to uppercase or strip the hyphens if your database or spec stores UUIDs as 32 plain hex digits. ## How to use it 1. **Pick a version** - Choose UUID v4 for fully random IDs, or UUID v7 for time-ordered IDs that sort by creation time. 2. **Set the quantity** - Choose how many UUIDs to generate at once, from 1 up to 1000. 3. **Adjust the format** - Keep the standard lowercase hyphenated form, or switch on Uppercase or turn off Hyphens to match how your system stores IDs. 4. **Copy what you need** - Click Copy on any single UUID, or Copy all to grab the whole batch, one per line. ## Who it's for - **Backend developers** minting primary keys, request IDs and idempotency keys - v7 for insert-ordered database keys, v4 for unguessable tokens. - **Database engineers** comparing v4 and v7 behaviour before choosing a key strategy for Postgres, MySQL or MongoDB. - **QA and data engineers** seeding fixtures, mock records and test payloads with a batch of valid UUIDs in one click. - **API and integration developers** filling in correlation IDs, trace IDs and message keys while testing webhooks and queues. - **Anyone writing config or docs** who needs a quick valid UUID without opening a terminal or installing a package. ## Expert note v7 trades 48 of v4's 122 random bits for a creation timestamp. That is what makes it index-friendly, but it also means every v7 UUID quietly reveals when it was made (this page decodes that timestamp for you) - so prefer v4 for password-reset tokens or anything where creation time is sensitive, and v7 for keys whose insert order you want to preserve. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the UUID generator free? Yes, it is completely free with no sign-up and no limits. Every UUID is generated in your browser, so you can create as many batches of up to 1000 as you like, even offline once the page has loaded. ### Are the generated UUIDs uploaded anywhere? No. UUIDs are built locally with the Web Crypto API in your browser and nothing is sent to a server, so identifiers you generate for private systems stay on your device. ### What is the difference between UUID v4 and v7? v4 is 122 random bits - maximum unpredictability, no structure. v7 replaces the first 48 bits with a Unix millisecond timestamp, so IDs sort by creation time. Use v7 for database keys that benefit from ordered inserts, and v4 when IDs must not reveal anything. ### Can two UUIDs collide? In practice, no. With v4's 122 random bits you would need to generate about 330 quadrillion UUIDs before even a 1% chance of one duplicate. This tool also uses the browser's cryptographically secure random source, not a weak pseudo-random one. ### Why do UUIDs have 36 characters and hyphens? A UUID is 128 bits written as 32 hexadecimal digits, grouped 8-4-4-4-12 by four hyphens for readability - 36 characters in total. Many systems store just the 32 hex digits; the Hyphens switch gives you that compact form. ### Can I get the timestamp back out of a UUID v7? Yes. The first 12 hex digits of a v7 UUID are its 48-bit Unix millisecond timestamp. When you generate v7 IDs here, the tool decodes that embedded timestamp and shows it under the batch in UTC. ### Is a UUID the same as a GUID? Yes. GUID (globally unique identifier) is Microsoft's name for the same 128-bit format; UUID is the vendor-neutral term standardised in RFC 9562. Any UUID generated here is a valid GUID, though Microsoft tooling often displays GUIDs in uppercase. ### Are uppercase and lowercase UUIDs equivalent? Yes. RFC 9562 says the hex digits are case-insensitive, with lowercase as the canonical output form. The Uppercase switch only changes how the ID is displayed and copied - it is still the same UUID. ## Related tools - [NanoID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/nanoid-generator/) - [ULID Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/ulid-generator/) - [Base64 Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/base64-encode-decode/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Variance Calculator with Steps" description: "Variance calculator for sample or population data with formulas, mean, standard deviation, and every squared deviation shown. Free and private." url: https://candoya.com/tools/variance-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Variance Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a variance calculator do? A variance calculator measures how widely numbers spread around their mean. Enter a data set to calculate both sample variance and population variance, compare their different divisors, and inspect every deviation and squared deviation used in the answer. The calculation updates instantly and stays in your browser. **Variance is the average squared distance from the mean.** This calculator accepts decimals, negative values, and scientific notation. It reports both common definitions at once: population variance for a complete group and sample variance for observations used to estimate a larger population. The worked table makes the arithmetic visible. Each row subtracts the mean from one value, squares that deviation, and contributes it to the sum of squares. The selected formula then divides that sum by n or n - 1. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your numbers** - Paste or type up to 2,000 values separated by commas, spaces, semicolons, or new lines. Decimals, negatives, and scientific notation are accepted. 2. **Choose the data set type** - Select sample when the values represent part of a larger group. Select population when the list contains every member you want to describe. 3. **Check the calculation** - Read the selected variance, formula, mean, standard deviation, sum of squares, and the table of individual squared deviations. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the selected result and its supporting statistics into your worksheet, report, or notes. ## Who it's for - **Students** can check statistics homework against a complete row-by-row variance calculation. - **Teachers** can show how one outlier contributes a large squared deviation and changes the final result. - **Analysts** can compare the sample and population definitions before moving a small data set into a spreadsheet. - **Researchers** can summarize the spread of measurements, trial results, ratings, or response times. ## Expert note Squaring deviations changes both the scale and the influence of extreme values: a value twice as far from the mean contributes four times as much to variance. That is why variance is sensitive to outliers and why its unit is squared. Use the reported standard deviation when you need spread in the original measurement unit. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my data uploaded to calculate variance? No. The number parsing, mean, squared deviations, and both variance formulas run in your browser. The values are not sent to a calculation server or saved by this tool. After the page loads, you can continue calculating without a network connection. ### Is this variance calculator free? Yes. It is free to use, requires no account, and does not hide the calculation behind a paywall. You can enter up to 2,000 values per calculation and switch between sample and population modes as often as needed. ### What is the difference between sample and population variance? Population variance divides the sum of squared deviations by n because the data contains the complete population. Sample variance divides by n - 1 because the same sample is being used to estimate its unknown population mean. That adjustment is called Bessel's correction. ### How do you calculate variance step by step? Find the arithmetic mean, subtract it from every value, square each deviation, and add the squares. Divide that sum by n for population variance or n - 1 for sample variance. For 4, 7, 13, 16, the mean is 10 and the sum of squares is 90. ### Why does sample variance need at least two values? The sample formula divides by n - 1. With one value, that divisor is zero, and one observation provides no information about variation in a larger population. Population variance can be zero for a one-value population because its only value equals its mean. ### Can variance be negative? No. Each deviation is squared before the values are added, so every contribution is zero or positive. Variance is zero only when all values are identical. A negative result from manual arithmetic usually points to rounding or an unstable shortcut formula. ### What is the relationship between variance and standard deviation? Standard deviation is the non-negative square root of variance. Variance uses squared units, such as square seconds, while standard deviation returns to the original unit. The calculator reports the standard deviation for the selected sample or population mode beside the variance. ## Related tools - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Z-Score Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/) - [Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/median-mode-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "VAT Calculator - Add or Remove VAT Online" description: "VAT calculator to add or remove VAT and split any price into net, tax and gross amounts. Use any rate and currency, with no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/vat-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free VAT Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What does a VAT calculator do? A VAT calculator adds value-added tax to a net price or extracts the tax already included in a gross price. Enter an amount and VAT rate to see the net, VAT and gross figures instantly. The calculation runs in your browser, and you can use any supported currency without changing the math. Use Add VAT when your starting price excludes tax. Use Remove VAT when the amount already includes tax and you need its underlying net value. The calculator rounds money to the nearest cent and keeps the three figures consistent. Rates vary by country, product and transaction, so confirm the applicable rate with your tax authority or adviser. ## How to use it 1. **Choose add or remove** - Select Add VAT for a net price or Remove VAT for a price that already includes VAT. 2. **Enter the amount** - Type the starting amount and choose how you want the result formatted. 3. **Set the VAT rate** - Pick a common percentage or enter the rate that applies to your transaction. 4. **Use the breakdown** - Read the net, VAT and gross amounts, then copy all three to an invoice, note or spreadsheet. ## Who it's for - **Freelancers and contractors** turning a pre-tax quote into the amount shown on an invoice. - **Small businesses** separating the VAT portion from receipts and VAT-inclusive sales totals. - **Shoppers** comparing a displayed gross price with its price before tax. - **Bookkeepers** checking a net, VAT and gross breakdown before entering a transaction. - **International teams** using a custom percentage while formatting the result in a familiar currency. ## Expert note To remove 20% VAT from a gross price, divide by 1.20 instead of subtracting 20%. For example, 120 divided by 1.20 is 100 net, leaving 20 VAT; subtracting 20% would incorrectly produce 96. ## Frequently asked questions ### How do I calculate VAT on a net price? Multiply the net price by the VAT rate to find the tax, then add that tax to the net price. At 20%, a net price of 100 has 20 VAT and a gross price of 120. Choose Add VAT in the calculator to perform both steps. ### How do I remove VAT from a gross price? Divide the VAT-inclusive gross price by 1 plus the VAT rate as a decimal. At 20%, divide by 1.20. A gross price of 120 becomes 100 net, and the 20 difference is VAT. Do not subtract 20% directly from the gross amount. ### Can I enter a custom VAT rate? Yes. Enter any rate from 0% to 100%, including decimal rates such as 5.5%. Rates can differ by jurisdiction, item and transaction, so the calculator does not assume that one preset is correct for every use. ### Does the currency change the VAT calculation? No. Currency only changes how the amount is displayed. The same percentage formula works for euros, pounds, dollars and other decimal currencies. Choose a currency for readable output, then use the VAT rate that applies to your specific transaction. ### How does the calculator round VAT? The calculator converts the entered amount to the nearest cent, calculates the net or VAT amount, and rounds the result to the nearest cent. Invoice and tax rules can prescribe different line-level or total-level rounding, so use your required accounting method for official records. ### Is this VAT calculator free and private? Yes. The calculator is free, has no sign-up and runs entirely in your browser. The amounts and rates you enter are not uploaded. You can use it as often as needed, subject only to the normal numeric limits shown by the input validation. ## Related tools - [Invoice Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/invoice-generator/) - [Profit Margin Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/profit-margin-calculator/) - [Discount Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/discount-calculator/) - [Percentage Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/percentage-calculator/) - [Tip Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/tip-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Vertical Video Cropper - 9:16 for Reels & TikTok" description: "Make a video vertical for Reels, Shorts, and TikTok. Crop to 9:16, 4:5, or 1:1 with blur or black fill. Private, no upload, free MP4 export." url: https://candoya.com/tools/vertical-clip-cropper/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Vertical Video Cropper Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you make a video vertical? Choose a local video, pick 9:16, 4:5, or 1:1, and export a new MP4. Crop mode fills the frame by cutting the edges, while pad mode fits the whole picture with a blurred or black background. Everything runs in your browser, so your video is never uploaded. This vertical clip cropper reframes any video for portrait feeds. It does not trim the timeline or change the speed. Choose 9:16 for Shorts, Reels, and TikTok, 4:5 for portrait feed posts, or 1:1 for square grids. Crop mode keeps the center of the picture and cuts the sides, while pad mode fits the full frame and fills the leftover space with a blurred copy or solid black. The tool loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you export. It re-encodes the video as H.264 MP4 and keeps the first audio track as AAC when one exists. The longest output side is capped at 1920 pixels, which keeps portrait exports within the sizes most platforms expect. Browser memory and processor speed make the tool best for short or moderate clips. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the cropper. 2. **Pick a vertical format** - Choose 9:16 for Shorts, Reels, and TikTok, 4:5 for portrait posts, or 1:1 for square grids. 3. **Choose how it fits** - Crop fills the frame by cutting the edges. Pad fits the whole video and fills the rest with a blurred or black background. 4. **Export and download** - Start the local export, keep this tab open while the video is re-encoded, then download the MP4. ## Who it's for - **Short-form creators** can turn a landscape recording into a 9:16 clip for Shorts, Reels, or TikTok without re-filming. - **Social media managers** can prepare one source video for a vertical feed and a square grid post. - **Course and webinar hosts** can reframe a widescreen recording for a portrait-friendly mobile audience. - **Small businesses** can make product videos fit a platform's preferred frame before publishing. ## Expert note Platforms crop vertical video again after upload, so leaving a little headroom around the subject in the source frame usually survives the second crop better than a frame that is already edge-to-edge. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I make it vertical? No. The browser reads your selected file and a WebAssembly video engine creates the result in this tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but your source video and the vertical result are not sent to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### What is the difference between crop and pad mode? Crop mode fills the 9:16, 4:5, or 1:1 frame by cutting the sides of a landscape video, so the picture is larger but edges are lost. Pad mode fits the whole video inside the frame and fills the leftover space with a blurred copy or solid black, so nothing is cut. ### Which aspect ratio should I use for Shorts, Reels, and TikTok? All three platforms prefer 9:16 vertical video. Use 4:5 for portrait feed posts that show more of the frame, and 1:1 for square grids. You can export the same source in each ratio and compare. ### Will the vertical video keep its quality? The exporter re-encodes the picture as H.264 and caps the longest side at 1920 pixels, which matches what most platforms expect. The result is a new MP4, so quality depends on the source and the re-encode, not on a server-side compression tier. ### Does making a video vertical shorten it? No. Reframing changes the visible frame but keeps the full timeline and the audio. To remove time from the beginning, middle, or end, use a video trimmer instead. ### Will the vertical video keep its audio? Yes, when the source has a readable audio track. The exporter reframes and re-encodes the picture, then places the first audio stream into the MP4 as AAC. Sources without audio remain silent. ### Why can converting a large video take several minutes? Every frame must be decoded and encoded again on your device. Long duration, 4K dimensions, an uncommon source codec, and limited memory all increase processing time. Keep the tab open and close other heavy tabs. ## Related tools - [Crop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Vesting Schedule Calculator - RSUs & Options" description: "Free vesting schedule calculator for RSUs, stock options and equity grants. Set your start date, cliff and term to see exactly what has vested and when." url: https://candoya.com/tools/vesting-schedule/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Vesting Schedule Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a vesting schedule calculator? A vesting schedule calculator turns an equity grant into a dated timeline: it takes your total shares, start date, cliff and vesting period, then shows how many units vest on each date, how much has vested so far, and when you are fully vested. Everything runs in your browser. Enter a grant once and the tool builds the whole schedule: the cliff release, every monthly or quarterly tranche after it, and a running cumulative total that lands exactly on your grant size. It highlights everything vested as of today, tells you your next vesting date, and lets you copy the table as CSV. Nothing you type is uploaded or stored. ## How to use it 1. **Enter your grant** - Type the total number of shares or units and the vesting start date from your grant letter. 2. **Set the term and cliff** - Enter the vesting period in years and the cliff in months (the classic default is 4 years with a 12-month cliff), then pick monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual vesting. 3. **Read the schedule** - See units vested to date, your next vesting date, the fully-vested date, and the full period-by-period table. Copy it as a summary or CSV. ## Who it's for - **Employees with RSUs or options** checking how many shares have vested and what is coming next. - **Job candidates** comparing offers by modelling different cliffs, terms and grant sizes. - **Founders and startup operators** laying out a co-founder or early-hire vesting timeline. - **Finance and HR teams** sanity-checking a grant's schedule against the plan documents. ## Expert note The cliff does not delay your grant, it front-loads it: at a 1-year cliff on a 4-year monthly grant, a full 25% vests in a single lump on the cliff date, then the remaining 75% vests monthly, so leaving even one day before the cliff means you keep nothing. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the vesting schedule calculator free? Yes. It is completely free, needs no sign-up, and runs entirely in your browser. Your grant size, dates and terms are never uploaded or stored on a server. ### What is a cliff in vesting? A cliff is an initial period during which nothing vests. On the cliff date the whole amount accrued up to that point vests at once. A common example is a 1-year cliff on a 4-year grant: 25% vests on your first work anniversary, then the rest vests gradually. Leave before the cliff and you forfeit the entire grant. ### How does standard 4-year vesting with a 1-year cliff work? Over four years your grant vests in equal monthly slices, but the first twelve months are held behind the cliff. On the 12-month mark 25% vests in one block; after that, 1/48 of the total vests every month for the remaining 36 months until you reach 100%. ### Does this work for RSUs and stock options? Yes. The schedule is the same maths for restricted stock units, incentive or non-qualified stock options, or any grant that vests over time. Enter the number of shares or units; the calculator does not model exercise price, taxes or strike price, only when units vest. ### How are fractional shares handled? Companies grant whole shares, so the calculator rounds each vesting event to whole units using cumulative rounding. That keeps every tranche a whole number while making the schedule add up exactly to your total grant, with any remainder placed in the final vesting date. ### Can I model a grant with no cliff? Yes. Set the cliff to 0 months and the grant simply vests in equal amounts on each period boundary from the first month, quarter or year onward, with no initial lump sum. ## Related tools - [Cap Table Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/cap-table-calculator/) - [Compound Interest Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/compound-interest/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Aspect Ratio Changer - Crop or Pad" description: "Change video aspect ratio to 16:9, 9:16, 1:1, 4:5, 4:3, or 21:9. Crop or add bars locally, then download a watermark-free MP4." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-aspect-ratio-changer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Video Aspect Ratio Changer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a video aspect ratio changer? A video aspect ratio changer reframes a clip for a different screen shape, such as 16:9 landscape, 9:16 vertical, or 1:1 square. Choose crop to fill the frame or padding to keep every part of the picture. The conversion runs locally in your browser and keeps the first audio track. Changing frame shape requires a trade-off. **Crop to fill** preserves natural proportions but removes equal areas from the center-facing edges. Fit with bars preserves the whole picture, scales it inside the target frame, and fills unused space with your chosen color. The browser loads FFmpeg WebAssembly only when you export. It uses Lanczos scaling, square pixels, H.264 video, AAC audio, and fast-start MP4 output. Your source file is not uploaded. Conservative limits are 100 MB on mobile or low-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a common video file into the tool or load the generated sample clip. 2. **Pick a target ratio** - Choose 16:9, 9:16, 1:1, 4:5, 4:3, 21:9, or enter custom even dimensions. 3. **Choose crop or padding** - Crop for an edge-to-edge frame, or fit with bars to preserve the whole picture. 4. **Process and download** - Start the local conversion, preview the MP4, and download it without a watermark. ## Who it's for - **Short-form creators** can turn a landscape clip into a 9:16 frame for Reels, TikTok, or YouTube Shorts. - **Social teams** can make 1:1 square and 4:5 portrait exports without sending campaign footage to a server. - **Video archivists** can place 4:3 footage inside a 16:9 frame without stretching faces or cutting the original image. - **Presenters** can convert recordings to a standard widescreen or cinematic frame before sharing them. ## Expert note Converting 16:9 landscape to 9:16 vertical with a centered crop retains only about 32 percent of the source frame area. If a face, caption, or product sits near an edge, use padding or crop the source in a dedicated editor with a movable focal point. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I change its aspect ratio? No. Your browser reads the source and creates the output locally with a WebAssembly video engine. The engine code downloads on first use, but the selected video and finished MP4 are not uploaded to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is this aspect ratio changer free and watermark-free? Yes. You can choose a ratio, preview the framing, process the clip, and download the result without an account, subscription, credits, or watermark. Practical limits come from your device's available memory and processing speed. ### How large a video can I process? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. Files near those limits can still take several minutes because video must be decoded, scaled, and encoded frame by frame. ### What is the difference between crop and padding? Crop enlarges the source until it covers the target frame, then removes the excess from opposite edges. Padding scales the whole source inside the frame and fills unused space with a color. Both preserve natural proportions; neither stretches faces or objects. ### How do I change a 16:9 video to 9:16? Choose the 9:16 preset. Crop to fill creates an edge-to-edge vertical frame but removes much of the left and right sides. Fit with bars preserves the full landscape image and adds space above and below it. Preview both before exporting. ### Will the result keep its audio? Yes, when the source contains a readable audio stream. The tool encodes the first audio track as AAC alongside H.264 video. Silent sources remain silent. Extra audio tracks, subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are not copied. ### Does changing aspect ratio reduce video quality? The video must be decoded and encoded again, so some generational loss is unavoidable. The tool uses high-quality Lanczos scaling and a balanced H.264 quality setting. Avoid repeated conversions and avoid upscaling a small source when possible. ## Related tools - [Crop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Vertical Clip Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/vertical-clip-cropper/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Collage Maker - Combine Videos Online" description: "Make a video collage online with 2 to 4 clips in a split screen or grid. Preview and export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-collage/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video Collage Maker Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a video collage maker? A video collage maker combines several clips into one frame so they play at the same time. Add two videos for a side-by-side or stacked split, or four for a 2 x 2 grid. Choose spacing, background, size, and audio, then export an MP4 entirely in your browser. This editor creates a simultaneous composition, not a sequence. Each source begins at the first frame and occupies an equal cell. Mixed aspect ratios are fitted inside their cells without stretching, and the chosen background fills any unused space. The local WebAssembly video engine loads only when you export. It scales and composites every frame into an H.264 MP4, keeps one optional source audio track, and adds no watermark. Your files are never sent to a project server. ## How to use it 1. **Add your videos** - Choose two clips for a split layout or four clips for a 2 x 2 video grid. 2. **Pick a layout** - Arrange two videos side by side or stacked, or place four videos into an equal grid. 3. **Set the frame** - Choose the output resolution, gap size, background color, and which clip supplies audio. 4. **Create and download** - Preview the composition, export it locally, then download the finished MP4. ## Who it's for - **Creators** can put two reactions, performances, or camera angles side by side for Shorts, Reels, and YouTube. - **Coaches and teachers** can compare technique, form, or demonstrations in synchronized split-screen footage. - **Product teams** can show two app flows or device recordings at the same time for clearer comparisons. - **Families and event editors** can combine four short moments into a compact moving grid without a full timeline editor. ## Expert note Match the source clips' frame rates and trim them to similar lengths before making a collage. The shortest clip determines the finished duration, which avoids holding a frozen frame but can cut longer clips earlier than expected. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my videos uploaded to make the collage? No. The browser opens each clip as a local file and passes it to a WebAssembly video engine running in the current tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but your source videos and completed MP4 are not uploaded to the server. ### Is this video collage maker free? Yes. You can combine two or four videos, choose a layout and output settings, then export and download an MP4 without an account, subscription, or watermark. Processing capacity depends on your browser, available memory, clip length, and resolution. ### How many videos can I put in one collage? The editor supports two videos in side-by-side or stacked layouts and four videos in a 2 x 2 grid. This focused limit keeps the controls readable on phones and reduces the memory needed to decode several video streams at once. ### What happens when the videos have different lengths? All selected clips start together, and the finished collage ends when the shortest clip ends. The tool does not loop short clips or freeze their final frames. Trim longer videos first if you need a particular section to fit the shared duration. ### Can I make a side-by-side video? Yes. Choose the Side by side layout and add two clips. Each video receives half of the landscape frame, with an adjustable gap between them. Portrait or square sources are fitted inside their cells without changing their proportions. ### Which video's sound is used? You can keep the audio track from any selected clip or export the collage muted. Only one source is used because mixing several unrelated tracks often creates clipping and echo. Prepare a mixed soundtrack separately if you need audio from multiple sources. ### Why can video collage export take time? The browser must decode several videos at once, resize every frame, place the frames on a new canvas, and encode a fresh H.264 file. Four 1080p clips require much more memory and processing than two short 720p clips, especially on mobile devices. ## Related tools - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/) - [Picture-in-Picture Video Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-overlay-picture-in-picture/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Color Grading Online - Correct Color" description: "Color grade video online with exposure, white balance, shadows, highlights, contrast, and saturation controls. Preview and export a private MP4 locally." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-color-grade/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Video Color Grading Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can you color grade a video online? Choose a clip, correct its exposure and white balance, shape shadows and highlights, then adjust contrast and saturation for the final mood. You can compare the original at any time and export an H.264 MP4. The source video and rendered result remain in your browser. Color correction makes footage look balanced; color grading gives that corrected image a deliberate mood. This workspace combines both stages without burying the useful controls. Start with exposure, temperature, and tint to fix the image. Then use shadows, highlights, contrast, and saturation to shape depth and intensity. The five starting looks are practical recipes rather than opaque filters. Cinematic cools and deepens the picture, Golden Hour adds warmth, Cool Clean shifts white balance blue, Soft Fade lifts the darker tones, and Punchy increases separation and color. Every preset remains fully adjustable. A press-and-hold comparison removes the preview treatment so you can judge whether the grade helps. The live preview uses lightweight browser effects for quick decisions. Export loads FFmpeg WebAssembly only when needed and renders the chosen adjustments frame by frame. The result is an H.264 MP4 with the first readable audio track encoded as AAC. Subtitles, extra tracks, chapters, and source metadata are not copied. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the workspace. 2. **Balance the image** - Correct exposure, temperature, and tint so neutral objects look believable and important detail remains visible. 3. **Shape the look** - Choose a starting look or adjust shadows, highlights, contrast, and saturation while the preview plays. 4. **Compare and export** - Hold Compare to check the source, then render and download the graded MP4 when the treatment feels right. ## Who it's for - **Creators** can give phone footage a consistent mood before publishing a short or reel. - **Remote teams** can correct a dim or cool webcam recording without sending internal footage to an upload service. - **Teachers and presenters** can recover shadow detail and tame bright slides in recorded lessons. - **Small production teams** can test a direction quickly before recreating a detailed grade in a desktop editor. ## Expert note Grade in a stable order: exposure first, white balance second, tonal shape third, and saturation last. Increasing saturation before correcting exposure can hide clipped channels and make skin tones look acceptable on one frame but unnatural elsewhere in the clip. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I color grade it? No. The selected file stays in this browser tab. A WebAssembly build of FFmpeg applies the final grade locally and creates the downloadable MP4 on your device. The engine code downloads when export begins, but your source and result are not uploaded to CanDoYa. ### Is this online video color grading tool free? Yes. You can use every correction control, compare the grade, render the result, and download it without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. Your device supplies the processing power, so practical limits depend on available memory and the length and resolution of the source. ### How large a video can I color grade in the browser? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on a high-memory desktop. Files near those limits may process slowly because the browser holds the source, video engine, decoded frames, and output at the same time. ### What is the difference between color correction and color grading? Color correction aims for a neutral, consistent image by fixing exposure, contrast, and white balance. Color grading comes after that and creates a mood, such as a cool cinematic or warm golden look. This tool includes controls for both stages so you can balance first and style second. ### What do temperature and tint change? Temperature moves the overall balance between cooler blue and warmer amber tones. Tint moves between green and magenta, which helps remove a remaining color cast after temperature is set. Use a neutral white or gray object in the frame as a reference, then make small adjustments. ### Does the graded video keep its audio? Yes, when the source has a readable audio track. The exporter keeps the main video and writes the first audio stream as AAC in the MP4. Silent clips remain silent. Extra audio tracks, subtitles, chapters, attachments, and original metadata are intentionally omitted. ### Why can the preview differ slightly from the exported video? The immediate preview uses browser display filters, while export applies FFmpeg color operations to decoded frames. Codec color ranges, gamma handling, and player color management can produce small differences. Watch the exported preview before downloading, especially when you use strong shadow or white-balance settings. ### Will color grading reduce video quality? The picture must be re-encoded so the grade appears in every player. The high-quality H.264 export setting limits visible loss, but any lossy re-encode can change fine detail. Keep the original as your master and avoid repeatedly grading an already compressed exported copy. ## Related tools - [Video Filters](https://candoya.com/tools/video-filters/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Compressor - Reduce File Size Online" description: "Compress video online with local MP4 or WebM processing, quality and resolution controls, no upload, no watermark, and clear size savings." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video Compressor Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a video compressor? A video compressor reduces video file size by re-encoding the picture and audio with more efficient settings. Choose a local video, select quality, resolution, and MP4 or WebM output, then download the smaller result. Processing runs in your browser, so the video is not uploaded or watermarked. This compressor loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you start processing. MP4 output uses H.264 video with AAC audio for broad playback support. WebM uses VP9 and Opus for modern browsers. Both modes remove source metadata from the new file. Compression is not lossless. The encoder removes visual detail that is harder to notice, and downscaling removes pixels. Results vary with motion, grain, duration, source codec, and how efficiently the original was already encoded. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, or another common video file into the compressor. 2. **Set the output** - Choose a quality preset, resolution, and MP4 or WebM format. Remove audio if you do not need it. 3. **Compress locally** - Start compression and keep this tab open. You can cancel and retry with different settings at any time. 4. **Compare and download** - Preview the result, check the exact before-and-after sizes, then download the compressed video. ## Who it's for - **Remote teams** can shrink screen recordings before attaching them to an email, ticket, or chat message. - **Website owners** can reduce the transfer size of short product demos and background videos before publishing. - **Students and teachers** can make recorded presentations easier to upload to a learning platform. - **Phone users** can create a smaller copy of a clip for sharing while keeping the original file unchanged. ## Expert note Resolution is often the strongest size control: reducing a 1920 x 1080 video to 1280 x 720 removes about 56% of its pixels before the encoder makes any quality tradeoff. For high-motion or grainy footage, a higher quality preset may still be needed to avoid visible blockiness. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I compress it? No. The selected video is read from a local browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly video engine in this tab. The engine files download on first use, but your source and compressed result are not sent to that server or stored in a CanDoYa account. ### Is this video compressor free? Yes. You can compress, preview, and download videos without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. Practical limits come from available browser memory and processing speed. This tool applies a conservative limit based on the device, from 100 MB on lower-memory devices to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### How much can I reduce video file size? There is no fixed percentage because results depend on the source codec, resolution, motion, noise, duration, and previous compression. A high-resolution or lightly compressed source may shrink substantially. An efficient source can stay similar in size or even grow, so the tool reports the exact result instead of promising a target. ### Can I compress video without losing quality? Re-encoding to a smaller file is normally lossy, even when the change is hard to see. Keep source resolution and choose Higher quality for the least visible change. For a much smaller file, Balanced quality at 720p is a useful starting point, but always preview detailed text, faces, and fast motion. ### Should I choose MP4 or WebM? Choose MP4 for the widest compatibility with phones, messaging apps, presentation software, and older devices. Choose WebM when the video will play in a modern browser and you want VP9 compression. A source file's container does not restrict the output, but uncommon input codecs may fail to decode in some browsers. ### Why can browser video compression be slow? The browser decodes and re-encodes every frame on your device. Long, high-resolution video requires much more work and memory than a short 720p clip, especially with the single-thread fallback used when cross-origin isolation is unavailable. Keep the tab open, close other heavy tabs, or use a desktop encoder for very large files. ### What happens if the compressed video is larger? The original may already use efficient settings, or the selected quality and resolution may preserve more data than the source bitrate. Nothing replaces your original. Try a lower resolution, the Smaller file preset, WebM output, or Remove audio, then compress again and compare the exact sizes. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Converter - MP4, WebM, MOV and MKV" description: "Convert video online to MP4, WebM, MOV, or MKV with private in-browser processing, quality and resolution controls, and no upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does a video converter do? A video converter changes a video's container and codecs so it works with a different player, device, editor, or website. Choose a local file, select MP4, WebM, MOV, or MKV, and download the re-encoded result. Processing runs in your browser, so the source is not uploaded. This converter loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only after you start a conversion. MP4 and MOV use H.264 video with AAC audio. WebM uses VP8 with Opus. MKV uses H.264 with AAC. VP8 keeps WebM encoding practical when the browser must use the single-thread fallback, while the other combinations favor broad playback support. Conversion creates a new, lossy encode. The main video stream and optional audio stream are kept, while subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are left out. Browser memory and processor speed make this tool best for short or moderate files. Large, damaged, encrypted, or unusual professional formats may need a desktop converter. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the converter. 2. **Pick the output format** - Select MP4, WebM, MOV, or MKV. Keep the source resolution for a format-only conversion, or set a lower limit. 3. **Convert in your browser** - Start the conversion and keep this tab open while the local video engine decodes and re-encodes the file. 4. **Preview and download** - Check the result when the browser supports its container, then download the converted video to your device. ## Who it's for - **Phone and camera users** can turn MOV footage into an MP4 that is easier to share or insert into presentations. - **Web publishers** can create WebM video with VP8 and Opus for modern browser playback. - **Editors and archivists** can place a compatible H.264 and AAC encode into a MOV or MKV container for a specific workflow. - **Remote teams** can convert short recordings without sending confidential footage to a file conversion service. ## Expert note A container and a codec are different things: MOV, MP4, WebM, and MKV organize streams, while H.264 or VP8 compresses the picture. Renaming a file extension does not convert either layer. This tool decodes and re-encodes the video so the output container receives a codec combination it can actually carry. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I convert it? No. Your selected video is read from a browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly video engine in this tab. The engine code downloads on first use, but the source and result are not sent to that server or stored in a CanDoYa account. ### Is this online video converter free? Yes. You can convert and download video without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. Practical limits come from browser memory and processing speed. The tool applies a conservative file limit from 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices to 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### Which video formats can I convert? The tool accepts common inputs including MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and several related containers. It outputs MP4, WebM, MOV, or MKV. A listed container can still contain an unusual codec that this WebAssembly build cannot decode, so no browser converter can guarantee every file. ### Should I convert video to MP4, WebM, MOV, or MKV? Choose MP4 for broad support across phones, browsers, presentation apps, and messaging tools. Choose WebM for VP8 and Opus playback on the web. MOV fits many Apple and editing workflows. MKV is a flexible container, but browser playback is less consistent, so a desktop media player may be needed. ### Why can I convert a video that the browser cannot preview? The browser's built-in video element and the FFmpeg conversion engine do not support exactly the same containers and codecs. A MOV or MKV source may fail in the preview yet still decode in FFmpeg. The converter therefore keeps the file available and lets you try instead of treating preview failure as proof that conversion is impossible. ### Does video conversion reduce quality? Usually. This tool re-encodes video so each output uses a predictable codec and container combination. Higher quality keeps more visible detail but usually creates a larger file. Balanced is a useful starting point. Keeping source dimensions avoids deliberate downscaling, but re-encoding is still not mathematically lossless. ### Are subtitles and metadata preserved? No. The output includes the first video stream and, unless you remove it, the first available audio stream. Subtitles, chapters, attachments, GPS data, camera tags, and other source metadata are not copied. Use a desktop media tool when those extra streams or tags must be retained. ### Why is browser video conversion slow or unsuccessful? Every frame must be decoded and encoded on your device, and the source plus output can occupy memory at the same time. Long 4K footage, unusual codecs, damaged files, and low-memory phones are the hardest cases. Keep the tab open, close other heavy tabs, or use desktop software for large projects. ## Related tools - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Filters Online - Color and Effects" description: "Apply video filters online with live color controls and private MP4 export. Add vivid, mono, sepia, warm, cool, vintage, or noir looks without uploads." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-filters/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Video Filters Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How can you add filters to a video online? Choose a local clip, apply a one-click look or adjust brightness, contrast, saturation, hue, and gamma, then export a new MP4. The preview updates immediately as you edit. Processing happens inside your browser, so the source video is never uploaded to CanDoYa. This editor gives you eight starting looks: Original, Vivid, Mono, Sepia, Warm, Cool, Vintage, and Noir. Each look sets a practical combination of tonal controls, and the five sliders remain available for precise correction. Use brightness to lift or lower the picture, contrast to separate light and dark tones, saturation to control color intensity, hue to shift colors, and gamma to adjust the midtones. The preview uses fast browser effects so you can make choices without waiting. Export then loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg and applies equivalent video filters frame by frame. The output is an H.264 MP4 with the first audio track encoded as AAC when audio exists. Subtitles, extra tracks, chapters, and source metadata are omitted. Browser memory makes short and moderate clips the best fit. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the editor. 2. **Pick a look** - Try Vivid, Mono, Sepia, Warm, Cool, Vintage, or Noir while the local preview updates immediately. 3. **Fine-tune the color** - Adjust brightness, contrast, saturation, hue, and gamma, then play the preview to inspect different frames. 4. **Export and download** - Apply the filters locally, preview the completed MP4, and download the watermark-free result. ## Who it's for - **Social creators** can give clips a vivid, warm, cool, vintage, or noir finish before posting. - **Remote teams** can brighten a dim webcam recording while keeping internal footage on the device. - **Teachers and presenters** can improve contrast in screen recordings and camera demonstrations. - **Personal archivists** can turn a color clip monochrome or add a sepia treatment without installing an editor. ## Expert note Correct exposure before styling: set brightness and gamma so faces and important detail are readable, then adjust contrast and saturation. Starting with heavy contrast or saturation can clip highlights and erase subtle color differences that later sliders cannot restore. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I add a filter? No. The selected file remains in this browser tab. A WebAssembly video engine applies the final filter locally and creates the downloadable MP4 on your device. The engine code downloads the first time it is needed, but your source and result are not uploaded to CanDoYa. ### Are these online video filters free and watermark-free? Yes. You can preview looks, adjust every color control, export, and download without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. Practical limits come from your device's available memory and processing speed rather than a paid server export plan. ### How large a video can I filter in the browser? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on a high-memory desktop. A file near the limit can still process slowly because the browser holds the source, engine, working frames, and output together. ### Which video filters are included? The editor includes Vivid, Mono, Sepia, Warm, Cool, Vintage, and Noir looks plus the unchanged Original setting. You can fine-tune any look with brightness, contrast, saturation, hue, and gamma. The preview responds immediately, while export bakes the selected values into each frame. ### Does the filtered video keep its audio? Yes, when the source contains a readable audio track. The exporter processes the main picture and writes the first audio stream as AAC in the MP4. Silent videos remain silent. Extra audio tracks, subtitles, chapters, attachments, and original metadata are not copied. ### Why can the preview differ slightly from the exported MP4? The browser preview uses fast display filters, while export uses FFmpeg color filters on decoded video frames. They are designed to represent the same choices, but codec color ranges, gamma handling, player color management, and the sepia matrix can create small visual differences. Check the exported preview before downloading. ### Will adding a filter reduce video quality? The picture must be re-encoded so the filter appears in every player. The high-quality H.264 setting limits visible loss, but any lossy re-encode can alter fine detail. Keep the original file as your master, and avoid repeated exports of the same already-compressed result. ### Which video formats can this editor open? It accepts common files such as MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related containers, then exports MP4. Browser preview support is narrower than FFmpeg support, so an uncommon professional codec or damaged source may need conversion first. ## Related tools - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Joiner - Merge Videos Online Free" description: "Join videos online into one MP4 or WebM file. Reorder and preview clips, merge mixed formats locally, and download without uploads or watermarks." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video Joiner Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a video joiner? A video joiner combines two or more clips into one continuous video. Add up to six files, arrange their order, choose MP4 or WebM, and download the merged result. Processing happens in your browser, so your original clips are not uploaded, stored, or marked with a watermark. This joiner uses a local WebAssembly build of FFmpeg. It normalizes frame size, frame rate, pixel format, and audio before joining, which lets common MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, and AVI clips share one timeline even when their technical settings differ. Clips with a different aspect ratio are fitted inside the first clip's shape with black padding instead of being stretched or cropped. The new file is re-encoded, while every source file remains unchanged on your device. ## How to use it 1. **Add video clips** - Choose or drop between two and six common video files from your device. 2. **Set the order** - Preview each clip and use the arrow controls to move it earlier or later in the sequence. 3. **Choose the output** - Select MP4 or WebM, an output size, and a quality level. The first clip determines the output aspect ratio. 4. **Join and download** - Start the local process, preview the finished timeline, then download the joined video. ## Who it's for - **Phone users** can combine several short recordings into one clip before sharing it with family or friends. - **Remote teams** can place screen-recording segments in order for a walkthrough, update, or bug report. - **Teachers and students** can merge presentation sections recorded at different times into one submission. - **Creators** can assemble short landscape or portrait takes without installing a full video editor. ## Expert note Video streams can only be joined without re-encoding when codec, resolution, frame rate, and other parameters already match. This tool re-encodes to a common 30 fps canvas and inserts silence for clips without audio, trading speed for reliable mixed-file joins and synchronized sound. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my videos uploaded when I join them? No. Your browser reads each local file and passes it to a WebAssembly video engine running in this tab. The engine files download on first use, but your clips and joined output are not sent to that server, stored in a CanDoYa account, or used after you close the page. ### Is this video joiner free and without a watermark? Yes. You can arrange, join, preview, and download the result without an account, subscription, or watermark. The practical limits are browser memory and processing time. The device-aware total is conservative, ranging from 120 MB on mobile or low-memory devices to 600 MB on high-memory desktops. ### How many videos can I combine? You can combine between two and six clips in one pass. This keeps the interface clear and limits browser memory use because the source files, video engine, and finished result may all occupy memory at once. For a longer project, join smaller groups first, then combine those results in a final pass. ### Can I merge videos with different formats or resolutions? Yes. Common MP4, MOV, WebM, MKV, AVI, MPEG, and OGG-family files can be mixed when their codecs are supported by the local engine. Every clip is scaled to fit the first clip's aspect ratio and normalized to a common frame rate, pixel format, and audio layout before joining. ### Will joining videos reduce quality? The output is re-encoded so mixed clips can share compatible settings, which can cause some quality loss. Choose Higher quality and Keep first clip size when detail matters most. Balanced at 720p is a practical default for sharing. The original files are never modified, so you can retry with another setting. ### Why are there black bars around some clips? The first clip sets the output shape. A clip with a different aspect ratio is scaled until it fits and the remaining area is padded with black. This preserves the full picture without stretching faces or cropping the edges. Put a landscape clip first for landscape output, or a portrait clip first for portrait output. ### What happens when a clip has no audio? The joiner detects whether each source has an audio stream. When a clip is silent, it creates a matching silent stereo track for that clip before joining. This prevents sound from later clips shifting earlier on the timeline and keeps spoken audio synchronized with the correct picture. ### Why can joining videos take several minutes? Different files must be decoded, resized, and encoded again on your device. Duration, resolution, motion, codec, quality, and available CPU and memory all affect speed. Keep the tab open during processing. For very long or 4K projects, a desktop video editor is usually faster and less memory constrained. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Metadata Viewer - Check File Details" description: "View video metadata, codecs, dimensions, frame rate, bitrate, audio, subtitles and tags locally. No upload, playback or transcoding." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Video Metadata Viewer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does a video metadata viewer show? A video metadata viewer reads the technical information stored in a media file, including its container, codecs, dimensions, duration, reported frame rate and bitrate, audio streams, subtitle streams, and embedded tags. This viewer runs MediaInfo locally and reads only requested file chunks, so the video never leaves your device. This inspector uses the MediaInfo engine in WebAssembly. It does not need to play or transcode the video, and large files are read incrementally instead of copied into browser memory in full. You can search every reported field or export the untouched MediaInfo result as JSON. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a local video into the viewer, pick one from your device, or open the small sample report. 2. **Wait for local analysis** - The browser loads MediaInfo WebAssembly on demand and supplies the file through incremental slice reads. 3. **Review reported and derived values** - Check the container summary and each video, audio, subtitle, or other stream. Estimated values carry a Derived label. 4. **Search or export** - Filter the complete field list, copy the JSON report, or download it for troubleshooting and records. ## Who it's for - **Editors and producers** can confirm a deliverable's container, codec profile, resolution, frame rate, bitrate, color details, and audio layout before import. - **Developers and support teams** can inspect codec IDs and stream structure when a file fails to play, upload, or process in another application. - **Archivists** can inventory multiple audio languages, subtitle tracks, creation dates, encoding tools, and descriptive tags without changing the source file. - **Privacy-conscious users** can see which titles, comments, dates, language labels, or creator details are embedded before sharing a video. ## Expert note Container metadata describes what the file reports, not necessarily what every decoder will output. Variable-frame-rate video can have a reported average frame rate, bitrate can be nominal or averaged, and tags can be edited. This viewer labels its own calculations as derived estimates rather than presenting them as stored facts. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded anywhere? No. The selected File object is passed to a browser worker, and MediaInfo requests local byte ranges through File.slice(). CanDoYa does not receive the video or its metadata. The only network-loaded item is the site's own WebAssembly asset when the inspector starts. ### Is this video metadata viewer free? Yes. You can inspect videos, search all reported fields, copy JSON, and download the report without an account, subscription, or watermark. Processing stays in your browser, so there is no server upload quota. Available device memory and browser file handling are the practical limits. ### Is there a video file size limit? The viewer does not impose an arbitrary file-size cap. MediaInfo reads requested slices instead of loading or transcoding the whole file. Very large, remote, damaged, or unusually indexed files can still take longer, and your browser or device may impose its own storage and memory limits. ### Which video formats and containers are supported? MediaInfo recognizes many common containers, including MP4 and QuickTime MOV, Matroska MKV, WebM, AVI, MPEG program and transport streams, MXF, WMV, FLV, Ogg, 3GP, and VOB. A damaged, encrypted, proprietary, or very unusual file may return incomplete metadata or an error. ### Can it show audio and subtitle streams? Yes. Each reported audio stream can include its codec, channels, sample rate, bitrate, language, title, and flags. Text or subtitle streams are listed separately with their format, codec ID, language, title, and default or forced status when those fields exist in the container. ### Why is frame rate or bitrate missing or different from playback software? A container may omit a field, report a nominal value, or store variable timing. MediaInfo may expose an average frame rate while another app rounds it or measures decoded frames. The same applies to nominal versus overall bitrate. Missing fields remain blank instead of being guessed silently. ### What is the difference between reported metadata and a derived estimate? Reported metadata is read from the container or stream headers by MediaInfo. A derived estimate is calculated by this page from reported values, such as multiplying duration by frame rate when no frame count exists. Derived cards are marked so you do not mistake an estimate for an embedded field. ### Does viewing metadata change or remove anything from the video? No. The viewer opens the file read-only and never writes back to it. Copying or downloading the JSON creates a separate text report. The original video's streams, metadata, timestamps, and bytes remain unchanged on your device. ## Related tools - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Picture-in-Picture Video Editor Online" description: "Create a picture-in-picture video online with a movable, timed video inset. Export a private MP4 locally with no upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-overlay-picture-in-picture/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Picture-in-Picture Video Editor Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do I make a picture-in-picture video? A picture-in-picture video places one moving clip inside another. Choose a base video and an inset video, set the corner, size, margin, and start time, then export a finished MP4. Both source files are composited in your browser, so they are never uploaded or stored on a server. This editor creates a real two-video composite rather than joining clips end to end. The base video fills the frame and supplies the finished soundtrack. The second video's picture is scaled into a corner, starts at your chosen point, and disappears when that clip ends. The browser downloads a WebAssembly video engine only when you export. It decodes both local files and produces an H.264 MP4 with even frame dimensions for broad playback compatibility. No account, cloud project, or watermark is added. ## How to use it 1. **Choose the base video** - Add the video that should fill the finished frame and provide the audio track. 2. **Choose the overlay video** - Add the second moving clip that should appear as the smaller picture-in-picture inset. 3. **Place and time the inset** - Pick a corner, adjust its size and edge margin, then choose when it starts in the base video. 4. **Preview and export** - Play the composite preview, choose an export quality, then create and download the local MP4. ## Who it's for - **Tutorial creators** can place a camera explanation over a screen recording without opening a full timeline editor. - **Reaction channels** can put a face-camera clip in one corner while keeping the original footage visible. - **Product teams** can combine a narrated demo with a presenter or device view for internal updates. - **Teachers and coaches** can add a signing, speaking, or demonstration inset to lesson footage. ## Expert note Keep the inset near 25 to 35 percent of the frame width for a talking head. It remains readable without hiding too much of a screen recording. Scrub through the entire base clip before export because the best corner can change when menus, captions, or key action enter the frame. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my videos uploaded to make the picture-in-picture effect? No. The browser opens both videos as local file objects and sends them to a WebAssembly video engine running in the current tab. The engine files download on first use, but your source clips and finished MP4 are not uploaded to that server. ### Is this picture-in-picture video editor free? Yes. You can add two local videos, preview the placement, adjust size, margin, timing, and quality, then export and download an MP4 without an account, subscription, or watermark. Practical limits depend on your device memory and the length and resolution of the source files. ### How large can the input videos be? The editor uses a conservative per-file limit based on whether your device appears mobile or low-memory. Desktop browsers normally allow larger files than phones. Two long high-resolution videos can still require several times their compressed file size while decoding, so shorter clips are safer. ### Which video's audio is used in the finished MP4? The finished video keeps the optional audio track from the base video. The overlay video's audio is omitted to avoid two unsynchronized soundtracks playing together. If you need the second clip's sound, mix the audio separately before using it as the base track. ### What happens if the overlay video is shorter than the base video? The overlay starts at the timestamp you choose and disappears after its own final frame. The base video continues normally until it ends. Starting the inset later can place a short speaker response or reaction exactly where it belongs without trimming the main footage. ### Can I overlay an image or logo instead of a video? This page is designed for moving video on video. Use the Add Video Watermark tool for a logo, image, or text mark that should remain fixed on the footage. Keeping those jobs separate gives each workflow clearer controls and a more accurate preview. ### Why can picture-in-picture export take time? The browser must decode two video streams, resize every overlay frame, composite it onto the base, and encode a new H.264 file. High-resolution or long clips increase both processing time and memory use. The Compact quality setting and shorter source clips reduce the workload. ## Related tools - [Video Watermark](https://candoya.com/tools/add-video-watermark/) - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Resizer Online - Exact Dimensions" description: "Resize video online to exact pixels or social media dimensions. Fit, fill, or stretch a private video and download a watermark-free MP4." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Video Resizer Online Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does a video resizer do? A video resizer changes a video's pixel dimensions and frame shape. Enter an exact width and height or choose a social media preset, then fit the whole picture, fill the frame, or stretch it. Processing stays in your browser, and the finished file downloads as a watermark-free MP4. This tool changes resolution rather than duration. **Fit** keeps every part of the picture visible and adds colored borders when the source and output shapes differ. **Fill** covers the new frame and removes equal areas from opposite edges. Stretch uses every output pixel but can make people and objects look wider or taller. The browser loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you start the export. It scales frames with Lanczos resampling, writes H.264 video with AAC audio, and removes subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata. The practical file limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a common video file into the resizer or use the sample clip to explore the controls. 2. **Set the output size** - Choose a platform preset or enter an exact width and height from 2 to 7680 pixels. 3. **Choose fit, fill, or stretch** - Keep the whole frame with borders, crop the edges from the center, or force the source into the exact shape. 4. **Resize and download** - Start the local export, preview the new MP4, then download it without a watermark. ## Who it's for - **Social media creators** can make a 1080 x 1920 vertical video for TikTok, Reels, or Shorts without uploading footage. - **YouTube publishers** can convert an unusual source resolution to 1920 x 1080 or 1280 x 720 before an upload. - **Web designers** can create a predictable video size for a landing page, product gallery, or background section. - **Remote teams** can resize internal demos and meeting clips locally when the recording should not leave the device. ## Expert note H.264 with the widely supported YUV 4:2:0 pixel format requires even output dimensions. If you enter an odd width or height, the resizer rounds it down by one pixel before export. Fit and fill preserve the source proportions; stretch intentionally changes them. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I resize it? No. The browser reads your selected file and a WebAssembly video engine creates the resized result in this tab. The engine code downloads when first needed, but your source video and finished MP4 are not sent to CanDoYa or stored in an account. ### Is this video resizer free and watermark-free? Yes. You can choose dimensions, process the video, preview the result, and download the MP4 without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from your device's memory and processor rather than a paid server export tier. ### How large a video can I resize in the browser? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. A file near the limit may still be slow because the browser holds the source, video engine, working data, and result in memory. ### Can I resize a video for Instagram, TikTok, or YouTube? Yes. Presets include 1080 x 1920 for TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts, 1080 x 1350 for portrait feeds, 1080 x 1080 for square posts, and 1920 x 1080 or 1280 x 720 for landscape video. ### What is the difference between fit and fill? Fit keeps the complete source picture and adds borders when its shape differs from the output. Fill makes the picture cover the output frame, then crops the excess equally from the center. Use fit when nothing can be cut off and fill when edge-to-edge framing matters. ### Does resizing a video reduce its file size? Sometimes, but not always. Fewer output pixels often reduce file size, while upscaling or re-encoding a highly compressed source can make it larger. Use the video compressor when file size is the main goal because it exposes resolution and quality choices designed for compression. ### Will the resized video keep its audio? Yes, when the source has a readable audio track. The resizer encodes the picture as H.264 and keeps the first audio stream as AAC. A silent source remains silent. Extra audio tracks, subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata are not copied. ### Why can resizing a 4K video take several minutes? Every frame must be decoded, scaled, and encoded again on your device. Long duration, 4K resolution, uncommon codecs, and limited memory increase processing time. Keep the tab open, close other heavy tabs, and use a desktop editor for long or very large projects. ## Related tools - [Crop Video](https://candoya.com/tools/crop-video/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Vertical Clip Cropper](https://candoya.com/tools/vertical-clip-cropper/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Resolution Changer - 1080p, 720p" description: "Change video resolution online to 1080p, 720p, 480p, or custom dimensions. Preserve aspect ratio and download a private H.264 MP4." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-resolution-changer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Video Resolution Changer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What does a video resolution changer do? A video resolution changer scales every frame to a new pixel width and height. Choose a standard setting such as 1080p or 720p, or enter custom dimensions with the source aspect ratio locked. The video is processed locally in your browser and exported as a watermark-free MP4. **Resolution describes the number of pixels in each video frame.** A 1920 x 1080 clip has more than twice as many pixels as a 1280 x 720 clip. Lowering resolution can make a video easier to play or share, although final file size also depends on duration, frame rate, codec, and bitrate. This changer loads a WebAssembly video engine only after you start. It uses Lanczos resampling, outputs H.264 video with YUV 4:2:0 pixels, and carries the first audio stream into AAC. Subtitles, chapters, extra tracks, attachments, and source metadata are not copied. The output is always MP4 for broad browser and device support. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a common video file into the workspace or use the built-in sample to inspect the controls. 2. **Pick a resolution** - Choose 2160p, 1440p, 1080p, 720p, 480p, or 360p, or type a custom pixel width and height. 3. **Set the aspect ratio** - Keep the lock on to preserve the source shape, or turn it off only when you intentionally need independent dimensions. 4. **Process and download** - Start the local conversion, review the finished MP4 in the preview, and download it without a watermark. ## Who it's for - **Course creators** can turn a 4K screen recording into 1080p or 720p before placing it in a learning platform. - **Remote teams** can scale sensitive meeting clips locally before sharing them with colleagues. - **Web publishers** can produce a predictable playback resolution for a product page or help article. - **Device owners** can make a high-resolution clip easier to play on older hardware without installing an editor. ## Expert note A 1080p preset means an output height of 1080 pixels here, so a portrait source becomes about 608 x 1080 rather than being forced into 1920 x 1080. H.264 YUV 4:2:0 works most reliably with even dimensions, so odd custom values are rounded down by one pixel. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I change its resolution? No. The selected file is read in this browser tab, and a WebAssembly video engine creates the result on your device. The engine code downloads when first used, but the source and finished video are not uploaded to CanDoYa or saved in an account. ### Is this video resolution changer free? Yes. You can use the standard presets, enter custom dimensions, process the clip, preview the output, and download the MP4 without an account, subscription, watermark, or export credit. Your device supplies the processing power, so there is no server queue. ### How large a video can I process? The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on a high-memory desktop. Long and high-resolution clips can still exhaust browser memory because the source, engine data, and output may exist at the same time. ### Can I change a video to 1080p or 720p? Yes. Choose 1080p or 720p and the tool sets that output height while calculating an even width from the source aspect ratio. For a standard 16:9 source, those presets produce 1920 x 1080 and 1280 x 720. Portrait and square sources keep their own shape. ### Does increasing video resolution improve quality? No. Upscaling creates more output pixels by interpolating the pixels already present, so it can meet a dimension requirement but cannot recover missing detail. For the clearest result, start with the highest-quality source available and avoid repeated re-encoding. ### What happens if I turn off the aspect-ratio lock? The width and height become independent. If their ratio differs from the source, the picture stretches wider or taller to occupy the exact output frame. Keep the lock enabled for natural proportions; disable it only when a fixed system requirement matters more than preserving shape. ### Will the output keep audio and subtitles? The first readable audio stream is re-encoded as AAC and included in the MP4. Silent sources remain silent. Subtitles, extra audio tracks, chapters, attachments, and metadata are omitted so the browser export stays predictable and broadly compatible. ### Why does changing resolution take time? The browser must decode, scale, and encode every video frame on your device. Duration, source resolution, codec complexity, and available memory affect the time. Keep the tab open during processing, and use a desktop editor for very long or unusually large footage. ## Related tools - [Video Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-resizer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [FPS Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/fps-changer/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Speed Changer - Slow Down or Speed Up" description: "Change video speed online from 0.25x to 4x, preview the timing, keep audio synchronized, and download a private, watermark-free MP4." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-speed-changer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video Speed Changer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you change the speed of a video? A video speed changer makes a clip play slower or faster by retiming its picture and audio. Choose a local video, set any speed from 0.25x to 4x, preview the new pace, and export an MP4. Processing stays in your browser, with no upload or watermark. The tool loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you start exporting. It retimes video frames and, when the source has audio, changes the audio tempo by the same multiplier. A silent source follows a video-only path, so clips without an audio track do not fail. Export re-encodes the main video stream as H.264 in an MP4 container. It keeps the first audio stream as AAC unless you mute it, but leaves out subtitles, chapters, attachments, and source metadata. Browser memory and processor speed make this best for short or moderate clips. The conservative limit is 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices, 250 MB on a typical desktop, and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop an MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, or another common video file into the tool. 2. **Set the speed** - Pick a preset or drag the slider from 0.25x to 4x. Play the preview to check the new pace. 3. **Choose whether to keep sound** - Leave mute off to retime the first audio track with the picture, or mute the exported video. 4. **Export and download** - Start local processing, keep this tab open, then preview and download the finished MP4. ## Who it's for - **Tutorial creators** can slow down a screen recording so viewers can follow a detailed gesture or interface step. - **Social media editors** can turn a long setup, drawing, or packing process into a short time-lapse style clip. - **Coaches and students** can inspect movement at 0.5x or replay a demonstration at a more useful pace. - **Remote teams** can shorten a presentation or product walkthrough without uploading internal footage to an editing service. ## Expert note Changing playback speed is not the same as changing frame rate. This tool scales video timestamps with FFmpeg's setpts filter and uses one or more atempo filters for audio. Chaining factors at the 0.25x and 4x extremes avoids the sample-skipping behavior that a single audio tempo factor above 2x can introduce. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I change its speed? No. The selected video is read from a browser file object and processed by a WebAssembly video engine in this tab. The engine code downloads on first use, but your source and result are not sent to that server or stored in a CanDoYa account. ### Is this video speed changer free and watermark-free? Yes. You can preview, process, and download the speed-adjusted MP4 without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits are your browser's available memory and processor speed, not a server quota or paid export tier. ### What video speeds can I use? You can set any multiplier from 0.25x to 4x in 0.05 steps. At 0.25x, the result lasts four times as long as the source. At 2x, it lasts half as long. Very slow exports take longer because the encoder must produce a much longer timeline. ### Will changing video speed keep audio synchronized? Yes, when the source contains audio and mute is off. The tool retimes the picture and changes audio tempo with the same multiplier, then writes both into one MP4. It also preserves normal pitch, so voices do not become chipmunk-like when sped up or unusually low when slowed down. ### Can I change the speed of a video with no audio? Yes. Before export, the tool checks whether the file has an audio stream. Silent clips are processed through a video-only command instead of referring to a missing track. The result is a valid silent MP4 at the selected speed. ### Does changing speed reduce video quality? Some quality loss is possible because the browser must decode and re-encode the video to write new timestamps and a compatible MP4. The export uses H.264 at source dimensions with a balanced quality setting. It does not intentionally resize the picture, apart from making odd dimensions encoder-safe. ### Why is changing video speed slow in my browser? Every source frame must be decoded and encoded on your device. A slower setting also creates a longer result, while 4K footage and unusual codecs demand more memory. Keep the tab open, close other heavy tabs, and use desktop editing software for long or very large projects. ### Which formats can the video speed changer open? It accepts common files such as MP4, WebM, MOV, MKV, AVI, MPEG, WMV, MTS, and related containers, then exports MP4. A familiar extension can still contain a codec unavailable in the browser engine, so damaged, encrypted, or uncommon professional media may need desktop software. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Joiner](https://candoya.com/tools/video-joiner/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Thumbnail Generator - Extract Video Frames" description: "Generate a video thumbnail from any browser-playable file. Scrub to the exact frame, export PNG, JPEG, or WebP, and keep the video on your device." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video Thumbnail Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a video thumbnail generator? A video thumbnail generator extracts a still image from a video at the moment you choose. Load a local file, scrub to the right frame, and save it as PNG, JPEG, or WebP. The original video is decoded inside your browser and is never uploaded to CanDoYa. **Capture the source frame, not the player chrome.** The tool draws the decoded video frame to a canvas at the video's native dimensions, or scales it down to a practical web width. You get a clean image without playback controls, browser borders, or a low-resolution screen capture. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a local video into the tool or use the sample clip. The browser reads its duration and resolution. 2. **Find the frame** - Play, scrub, or step one second at a time until the preview shows the moment you want. 3. **Set the output** - Choose PNG, JPEG, or WebP and keep the original size or select a smaller maximum width. 4. **Capture and download** - Generate the still, check its timestamp and dimensions, then download or copy the image. ## Who it's for - **Video creators** pulling a strong expression or action shot for a YouTube cover. - **Product teams** extracting clear stills from demos for release notes, documentation, and app listings. - **Teachers and presenters** saving a readable slide or diagram from a recorded lesson. - **Editors and reviewers** capturing timestamped frames for feedback, storyboards, and shot references. ## Expert note Seeking lands on the closest frame the browser can decode at that timestamp, which may differ by a few milliseconds because compressed video stores full keyframes plus dependent frames. For a cleaner thumbnail, pause on a sharp moment with little motion blur and capture at the original resolution before editing. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded? No. Your file is opened through a temporary local browser URL, decoded by the browser, and drawn to an in-page canvas. CanDoYa does not receive the video or extracted image. Closing or resetting the page releases the temporary browser URLs. ### Is the video thumbnail generator free? Yes. You can capture and download as many thumbnails as your browser and device can handle. There is no account, watermark, paid export, or server upload. Large and high-resolution videos can still take longer to seek on older devices. ### Which video formats work? The tool works with formats your browser can decode. MP4 with H.264 video and WebM are the safest choices across current browsers. MOV may work when its internal codec is supported. A filename extension alone does not guarantee playback because the codec inside the container also matters. ### Can I extract a full-resolution frame from video? Yes. Choose Original resolution to draw the current frame at the video's native pixel dimensions. You can also cap the width at 1920, 1280, or 640 pixels. Smaller choices preserve the aspect ratio and never upscale a lower-resolution source. ### Should I save the thumbnail as PNG, JPEG, or WebP? PNG is lossless and suits text, slides, and later editing. JPEG usually creates a smaller, widely compatible photo file. WebP can balance detail and size for modern websites. The quality slider applies to JPEG and WebP, while PNG remains lossless. ### Why is the extracted frame not exactly on the typed millisecond? Video seeking depends on the file's frame rate, keyframes, and browser decoder. The browser displays the closest decoded frame at the selected time, so a requested millisecond can land on the nearest actual frame. Use the timeline and one-second step buttons to refine the visible moment. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video to Frames - Extract Images from Video" description: "Convert video to frames in your browser. Choose a time range and interval, preview every image, then download PNG, JPEG, or WebP files in a ZIP." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-frames/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Video to Frames Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do you convert a video to frames? A video to frames converter turns moments in a video into separate still images. Choose a start time, end time, and capture interval, then export the decoded frames as PNG, JPEG, or WebP. This tool processes the file locally in your browser and packages the sequence as a ZIP. **Extract a useful sequence without uploading a large video.** The browser seeks through your chosen range, draws each decoded frame to a canvas, and encodes it in the format you select. A visual frame map shows the planned spacing before extraction, while individual downloads and a ZIP give you control after it finishes. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a local video into the tool. Your browser reads its duration and dimensions without uploading the file. 2. **Map the sequence** - Set the start and end times, then choose how many seconds to leave between captures. 3. **Choose image settings** - Select PNG, JPEG, or WebP and keep the original width or scale frames down to a practical size. 4. **Extract and download** - Review the filmstrip, download one frame, copy it, or package the complete sequence in a ZIP. ## Who it's for - **Animators and editors** making reference sheets, rotoscoping guides, or shot breakdowns from a clip. - **Researchers and coaches** comparing movement at regular time intervals without scrubbing repeatedly. - **Developers and QA teams** collecting visual checkpoints from screen recordings and product demos. - **Creators and teachers** building storyboards, contact sheets, tutorials, and presentation stills. ## Expert note A requested timestamp is not a promise of a unique source frame. Compressed video is decoded from nearby keyframes, and the browser returns the frame whose presentation time is closest to each seek target. If two neighboring exports look identical, increase the interval or use a source with a higher frame rate. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I extract frames? No. The tool opens your file through a temporary browser URL, decodes it with the browser's media engine, and creates images with Canvas. The video, frames, and ZIP are not sent to CanDoYa. Resetting or closing the page releases the temporary URLs. ### Is the video frame extractor free? Yes. There is no account, watermark, paid export, or server upload. You can extract up to 60 frames in one sequence, subject to a memory safety limit based on resolution. Increase the interval, shorten the range, or reduce the output width for a longer video. ### What video formats can I split into frames? The tool works with video formats and codecs your browser can decode. MP4 with H.264 and WebM are the safest cross-browser choices. MOV may work when its internal codec is supported. AVI, MKV, and other containers can fail even when the filename is accepted. ### Can I extract every frame from a video? You can use intervals as short as 0.1 seconds, but the tool intentionally limits each batch to 60 images and seeks by time rather than enumerating the encoded frame table. For every source frame in a long or high-frame-rate production, a desktop editor or FFmpeg is more suitable. ### Why are two extracted frames identical? The capture interval may be shorter than the time between distinct decoded frames, or the scene may not change between seek targets. Video compression and browser seeking can also land on the same nearby presentation frame. Increase the interval or move the range to a section with more motion. ### Should I export video frames as PNG, JPEG, or WebP? Choose PNG for lossless text, diagrams, and editing. JPEG is widely compatible and usually smaller for photographic video. WebP often balances detail and file size for websites. JPEG and WebP use the quality control; PNG remains lossless and can consume more memory. ### Can I download all extracted frames at once? Yes. After extraction, choose Download all as ZIP. The browser builds an uncompressed ZIP from the generated image bytes without a network request. You can also download or copy an individual frame from its card in the filmstrip. ## Related tools - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video to GIF Converter - Trim and Export" description: "Convert video to GIF online with trim, width, frame rate, and color controls. Your video stays on your device with no upload or watermark." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Video to GIF Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do I convert a video to a GIF? Use this video to GIF converter to choose a local clip, set exact start and end times, then adjust width, frame rate, and color quality. The tool creates a looping animated GIF in your browser, so your source video is not uploaded and the download has no watermark. The converter loads a browser version of FFmpeg only when you start an export. It samples the selected video frames, resizes them with Lanczos scaling, builds a clip-specific color palette, and applies that palette to the final looping GIF. GIF stores full image frames and supports at most 256 palette colors, so it is usually much larger than an MP4 of the same clip. A short duration, moderate width, and lower frame rate give the biggest size reduction. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a local MP4, MOV, WebM, or another common video file into the converter. 2. **Trim the clip** - Set the start and end points, then preview the selected section. Clips can be up to 30 seconds. 3. **Tune the GIF** - Choose an output width, frame rate, and color quality. The frame estimate updates before conversion. 4. **Convert and download** - Start the local conversion, keep the tab open, then preview and download the finished GIF. ## Who it's for - **Product and support teams** can turn a short screen recording into a looping bug report or feature demo. - **Community managers** can make reaction clips and visual replies that play without a video player. - **Teachers and trainers** can extract one repeated motion or interface step for a guide. - **Designers** can create quick motion references for prototypes, messages, and documentation. ## Expert note For a clean GIF, reduce frame rate before reducing color quality. Ten to fifteen frames per second often preserves the sense of motion while removing far more data than a small palette change, especially for screen recordings with large static areas. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I convert it to GIF? No. The source video is read from a browser file object and processed in a local WebAssembly engine. The app downloads the conversion engine on first use, but it does not send your video to that server. The source and generated GIF remain in the current browser tab. ### Is this video to GIF converter free? Yes. You can trim, resize, adjust frame rate and color quality, convert, preview, and download without an account, subscription, or watermark. There is no server upload quota, although your device memory and browser still place practical limits on video size and conversion speed. ### How long can a video be when making a GIF? You can load a longer source video, but each selected GIF clip can be up to 30 seconds. Short clips are strongly recommended because GIF compression is less efficient than modern video compression. A five-second clip at 480 pixels and 10 FPS is a sensible starting point for sharing. ### How can I make the GIF file smaller? Shorten the clip first, then lower the output width or frame rate. Those changes remove entire pixels and frames, so they usually save more space than reducing palette colors. The Compact quality preset can help further for simple graphics, but photographs and gradients may show stronger banding. ### Why does a GIF have less color than the video? The GIF format uses a palette of no more than 256 colors for a frame sequence, while video can represent millions of colors. This converter generates a palette from your selected clip and applies dithering to approximate missing shades. The High preset keeps the largest palette but can increase file size. ### Does the GIF include sound? No. The GIF image format has no audio track, so sound from the source video is omitted. If you need motion with sound and a much smaller file, keep the clip as MP4 or WebM instead of converting it to an animated GIF. ### Why can video to GIF conversion be slow on a phone? The browser must decode the source, resize every selected frame, calculate a color palette, and encode the GIF in local memory. Phones have tighter memory and thermal limits than desktop computers. Use a shorter clip, 320-pixel width, and 6 or 10 FPS if conversion stalls. ## Related tools - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Thumbnail Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/video-thumbnail-generator/) - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Video Trimmer - Cut Videos Online Free" description: "Trim a video online with precise start and end times, selection preview, and local MP4 or WebM export. Your video never leaves your device." url: https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Video Trimmer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a video trimmer? A video trimmer removes unwanted footage from the beginning or end of a clip. Load a video, set the exact section you want to keep, preview it, and export a new MP4 or WebM file. Processing happens on your device, so the source and finished clip are not uploaded. This browser video cutter uses a web-native media pipeline to read, decode, encode, and package your selected section locally. It chooses MP4 when your device supports compatible H.264 and AAC encoding, then tries WebM with VP9 and Opus when MP4 is unavailable. Exact cuts may require re-encoding, so a long 4K source can take time and use substantial memory. Keep this tab open while exporting, and use a recent browser on a capable device for large clips. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a video** - Drop a local video into the tool or use the file picker. The browser reads its duration and track details without uploading it. 2. **Set the section** - Drag the start and end handles, enter an exact timestamp, or use the current preview position. 3. **Preview the cut** - Play only the selected section and refine the boundaries until the kept clip is right. 4. **Trim and download** - Start the local export, keep the tab open, then preview and download the resulting MP4 or WebM file. ## Who it's for - **Meeting hosts** can remove setup chatter and dead time before sharing a recording. - **Creators** can keep one useful moment from a longer phone, camera, or screen recording. - **Support teams** can shorten a bug reproduction to the steps that matter. - **Teachers and trainers** can extract a focused lesson segment without opening a full editor. ## Expert note A cut at an arbitrary timestamp usually starts between compressed video keyframes. This tool re-encodes the selected section when needed so the output can begin at your requested boundary, trading some export time for a more precise cut. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my video uploaded when I trim it? No. The source is read from a local browser file object and the trimmed result is assembled in this tab. This tool does not send either file to a processing server. Your result exists only as a temporary browser URL until you download it, replace the source, reload, or close the page. ### Is this online video trimmer free? Yes. You can choose a video, set precise trim points, preview the selection, export, and download without an account or watermark. There is no fixed server upload limit because no upload occurs, but your browser and device memory still impose a practical limit on source and output size. ### What video size can I trim in the browser? The practical limit depends on device memory, source resolution, codec, clip length, and the browser. The tool warns when a file is large for the current device and blocks files above a conservative local-memory limit. A desktop browser is a better choice than a phone for long or 4K video. ### Will the trimmed video be MP4 or WebM? The tool first tries an MP4 with H.264 video and AAC audio because that combination plays on many devices. If the browser cannot create it, the tool tries WebM with VP9 video and Opus audio. The result card and download filename always show the actual container that was produced. ### Does trimming reduce video quality? An exact cut can require decoding and re-encoding the selected frames, which may cause a small generational quality change. The export keeps the source dimensions and uses a high-quality encoder setting. Re-encoding also lets the clip begin near the exact timestamp instead of snapping to an earlier keyframe. ### Why can a video play but fail to export? Playback and export use different browser capabilities. A browser may decode a source codec for the video element but lack a WebCodecs encoder, or it may be unable to package the requested audio and video tracks together. Try a current Chrome, Edge, Firefox, or Safari release on another device if both MP4 and WebM fail. ### Can I cancel and retry a video export? Yes. Cancel asks the active local conversion to stop and returns the tool to the editable selection. You can change the boundaries and retry without choosing the source again. Keep the page open until cancellation or export finishes so the browser can release encoder and file resources cleanly. ## Related tools - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Video to GIF](https://candoya.com/tools/video-to-gif/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Audio Volume Changer - Louder or Quieter Audio" description: "Change audio volume online from mute to 300%, preview the gain, and download a private WAV. No upload, account, watermark, or software install." url: https://candoya.com/tools/volume-changer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Audio Volume Changer Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an audio volume changer? An audio volume changer makes an audio file louder, quieter, or silent without changing its length or pitch. Choose a local recording, set the level from 0% to 300%, preview the gain, and download a WAV. Processing stays in your browser, so the source is never uploaded. The preview uses the Web Audio API to apply the selected gain while the file plays. Export loads a WebAssembly build of FFmpeg only when you create the result, multiplies every audio sample by the same linear gain, and writes an uncompressed WAV. A 200% setting doubles sample amplitude and is about +6 dB. It does not necessarily sound twice as loud, because perceived loudness depends on the recording, frequency content, speakers, and listener. Boosting audio that already peaks near full scale can clip, so preview strong increases before export. ## How to use it 1. **Choose your audio** - Drop an MP3, WAV, M4A, FLAC, OGG, AAC, or another common audio file into the tool. 2. **Set the volume** - Pick a preset or move the slider from 0% to 300%. The decibel readout shows the equivalent gain. 3. **Preview the change** - Play the source inside the tool and listen at the selected level. Reduce strong boosts if you hear clipping. 4. **Export and download** - Create the local WAV, listen to the result, then download it to your device. ## Who it's for - **Voice memo and interview users** can raise a quiet recording before sharing or transcribing it. - **Podcast and video editors** can soften an overly loud clip or prepare a voice track for a larger project. - **Musicians and creators** can make quick gain changes to demos, effects, and reference tracks without opening a full editor. - **Teachers and students** can improve the playback level of lectures, pronunciation clips, and presentation audio. ## Expert note The gain uses the standard amplitude relationship dB = 20 log10(multiplier). That makes 50% about -6.0 dB, 100% 0.0 dB, and 200% about +6.0 dB; 0% is digital silence and has no finite dB value. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my audio uploaded? No. Selection, preview, gain processing, and the output file remain in your browser tab. The first export downloads the FFmpeg engine code, but your recording is not sent with that request. Refreshing or closing the tab releases the temporary local file URLs. ### Is this audio volume changer free? Yes. You can change and download audio volume without an account, subscription, credit limit, or watermark. The practical limits come from browser memory and processing speed. Long compressed recordings can expand into much larger WAV files during export. ### What volume and file limits apply? The slider runs from 0% to 300% in 5% steps. The conservative file cap adapts from 100 MB on mobile or lower-memory devices to 250 MB on typical desktops and 500 MB on high-memory desktops. ### Can I increase audio volume without losing quality? A moderate gain change is mathematically simple, but making a loud source louder can push peaks beyond the digital maximum and cause clipping. The tool exports uncompressed 16-bit WAV to avoid another lossy compression pass. Preview the result and reduce the boost if it sounds harsh. ### What does 200% audio volume mean in decibels? A 200% level multiplies sample amplitude by 2, which equals about +6.0 dB using 20 log10(2). A 50% level multiplies amplitude by 0.5, or about -6.0 dB. These values describe signal gain, not a promise that the sound will feel twice or half as loud. ### Which audio formats can I use? The tool accepts common audio files including MP3, WAV, M4A, AAC, FLAC, OGG, Opus, AIFF, WebM audio, AC3, and WMA. Browser preview support varies by codec, but the local FFmpeg engine may still create a WAV when the built-in player cannot preview the source. ### Does changing volume alter the speed or pitch? No. The same gain multiplier is applied across the entire track, so its timing and pitch stay unchanged. This is a global volume adjustment, not loudness normalization or compression, and it will not automatically balance quiet and loud sections within one recording. ## Related tools - [Audio Speed Changer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-speed-changer/) - [Audio Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-trimmer/) - [Audio Waveform Image](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-waveform-image/) - [Audio to Text](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-to-text/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Volume Converter - Liters, Gallons, Cups, m3" description: "Free volume converter for liters, milliliters, gallons, cups, fluid ounces, cubic meters, cubic inches and cubic feet. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Volume Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert between volume units? Choose the volume unit you have, enter a value, and choose the unit you need. This volume converter updates instantly between metric units, US liquid and kitchen units, imperial units, cubic inches and cubic feet, with a reference table showing every unit at once. The converter uses litres as the base unit. Metric conversions are exact, US liquid units use the defined US gallon of 231 cubic inches, and imperial units use the defined imperial gallon of 4.54609 litres. That matters because a US gallon is 3.785411784 L, while an imperial gallon is 4.54609 L. ## How to use it 1. **Enter a volume** - Type a number in the value field. Decimals are fine, and you can use either a dot or a comma as the decimal mark. 2. **Choose the units** - Pick the unit you are converting from beside the number, then choose the target unit in the To dropdown. 3. **Read every unit** - The main result shows your chosen target. The reference grid below shows the same volume in metric, US, imperial and cubic units. 4. **Copy or swap** - Use Copy result to grab the conversion, or Swap units to reverse the direction without retyping the value. ## Who it's for - **Recipes and cooking** converting cups, tablespoons, teaspoons and milliliters without mixing up US and imperial measurements. - **Travel and shopping** reading fuel, drink or container volumes listed in liters, gallons, pints or fluid ounces. - **Shipping and storage** comparing cubic feet, cubic inches, liters and cubic meters for boxes, tanks and bins. - **Lab and workshop notes** turning small metric volumes into mL, L, teaspoons or fluid ounces for quick checks. - **DIY and aquariums** estimating bucket, tank or pond capacity across gallons, liters and cubic feet. ## Expert note The common trap is assuming all gallons and fluid ounces match. They do not: 1 US gallon is about 3.785 L, while 1 imperial gallon is about 4.546 L. A US fluid ounce is about 29.57 mL, but an imperial fluid ounce is about 28.41 mL. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this volume converter free? Yes. The volume converter is free to use with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. The calculation runs in your browser, so the value you type is not uploaded. ### Which volume units does it convert? It converts milliliters, liters, cubic meters, US teaspoons, US tablespoons, US fluid ounces, US cups, US pints, US quarts, US gallons, imperial fluid ounces, imperial pints, imperial gallons, cubic inches and cubic feet. ### How many liters are in a US gallon? One US gallon is exactly 3.785411784 liters because it is defined as 231 cubic inches. Enter a gallon value and choose liters to get the precise conversion. ### How many milliliters are in a cup? This tool uses the US legal cup, so 1 US cup is 236.5882365 mL. Some recipes use metric cups of 250 mL, so check the recipe source when exact baking ratios matter. ### Are US and imperial gallons different? Yes. A US gallon is 3.785411784 L, while an imperial gallon is exactly 4.54609 L. The tool labels them separately so you do not accidentally use the wrong system. ### Can I convert cubic feet to gallons? Yes. Select ft^3 as the source unit and US gal or imp gal as the target. One cubic foot is 28.316846592 L, which is about 7.48 US gallons or 6.23 imperial gallons. ### Does it accept decimals and commas? Yes. You can type a dot or a comma as the decimal mark, so 2.5 and 2,5 are read as the same volume. Negative values are rejected because volume cannot be less than zero. ## Related tools - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/) - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) - [Meters to Feet Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/meters-to-feet/) - [BTU to kW Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/btu-to-kw/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "VTT to SRT Converter - Private and Free" description: "Convert VTT to SRT in your browser. Paste or upload WebVTT captions, validate cues, preview the SubRip result, copy it, or download it free." url: https://candoya.com/tools/vtt-to-srt/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free VTT to SRT Converter Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## How do I convert VTT to SRT? A VTT to SRT converter changes WebVTT cue timestamps, numbering, and compatible text markup into the SubRip format used by many editors, players, and TVs. Paste your caption text or choose a .vtt file, then copy or download the result. Conversion happens locally in your browser. WebVTT uses periods in timestamps and can attach identifiers, layout settings, regions, CSS, speaker tags, and karaoke timestamps to cues. SubRip uses numbered blocks and comma-separated milliseconds. This converter validates the timed cues, writes fresh sequential numbers, and reports any malformed blocks it skips. Choose basic formatting to keep **bold**, *italic*, and underline tags that many SRT players understand, or create plain text. WebVTT-only presentation data is removed because SRT has no reliable equivalent. Your caption text stays in this tab and is not uploaded. ## How to use it 1. **Add the WebVTT captions** - Paste text beginning with WEBVTT, drop a .vtt file, or choose one from your device. 2. **Choose the formatting** - Keep basic bold, italic, and underline tags, or strip all cue markup for plain text. 3. **Convert and review** - Create the SRT output, then check the cue count and any warning about skipped malformed blocks. 4. **Copy or download** - Copy the result for another app or save a .srt file with a matching filename. ## Who it's for - **Video editors** importing web captions into software that expects .srt files. - **Creators and educators** moving captions from web players to desktop playback or archives. - **Localization teams** checking cue structure before handing a portable subtitle file to translators. - **Developers** converting HTML5 track captions without installing FFmpeg or a command-line utility. ## Expert note WebVTT cue settings such as line, position, size, align, vertical, and region control browser rendering, but SubRip has no interoperable place to store them. Removing those settings is deliberate; inventing SRT positioning codes would make the file less portable. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my VTT file uploaded? No. The file is read and converted inside your browser. CanDoYa does not upload the captions for processing, so private transcripts remain on your device. As with any browser page, avoid pasting secrets into untrusted extensions or shared computers. ### Is this VTT to SRT converter free? Yes. You can paste, upload, convert, copy, and download without an account or payment. The converter uses built-in browser features rather than a paid server API, and it does not add a watermark to the subtitle text. ### What are the conversion limits? The tool accepts up to 5,000,000 text characters and 10,000 valid cues in one conversion. Very large caption collections are easier to inspect and edit when split by episode, recording, or language before conversion. ### Does VTT to SRT preserve styling and cue positions? It can keep basic bold, italic, and underline tags. SRT cannot reliably preserve WebVTT CSS, regions, cue position and alignment settings, voice metadata, ruby annotations, or inline karaoke timestamps, so those WebVTT-only features are removed. ### What happens to NOTE, STYLE, and REGION blocks? They are ignored and counted in the conversion summary. NOTE is file commentary, while STYLE and REGION define WebVTT presentation that standard SRT cannot represent. Timed caption cues remain in their original document order and receive new sequential numbers. ### Why does SRT use commas instead of periods? WebVTT timestamps normally end with a period before milliseconds, such as 00:01.250. SubRip convention uses a comma, such as 00:00:01,250. The converter also expands minute-only WebVTT times to full hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds. ### Can I convert captions in languages other than English? Yes. The parser keeps Unicode caption text, including accented characters, right-to-left scripts, emoji, and CJK writing. The conversion changes the subtitle structure, not the language or translation of the words. ## Related tools - [SRT Editor](https://candoya.com/tools/srt-editor/) - [Subtitle Burner](https://candoya.com/tools/burn-in-subtitles/) - [Subtitle Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/subtitle-extractor/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) - [Video Metadata Viewer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-metadata-viewer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "WCAG Contrast Checker for Screenshots" description: "Check WCAG contrast from a screenshot or exact hex colors. Sample foreground and background pixels for instant AA and AAA results in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/wcag-contrast-checker/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # WCAG Contrast Checker Category: [Color & Design](https://candoya.com/tools/color/) ## What is a WCAG contrast checker? A WCAG contrast checker compares the relative luminance of a foreground and background color, then tests the pair against accessibility thresholds. This version can sample both colors directly from a screenshot or accept exact hex values, so you can check finished mockups without uploading the image. **Upload, drop, or paste a screenshot and pick the two pixels that should be distinguishable.** A magnified view helps you avoid anti-aliased edges. You can also type exact hex colors when checking design tokens. All image decoding and contrast math run locally in your browser. The report covers WCAG 2.2 Level AA and AAA for normal and large text, plus the 3:1 Level AA threshold used for meaningful interface components and graphical objects. A passing color pair is one part of an accessibility review, not a guarantee that the whole design conforms. ## How to use it 1. **Load the design** - Drop, paste, or choose a screenshot. You can also skip the image and enter two hex colors. 2. **Sample the pair** - Choose text or foreground, click the center of a solid stroke, then sample the adjacent background. 3. **Read the WCAG result** - Compare the exact ratio with AA and AAA thresholds for normal text, large text, and non-text elements. 4. **Record the finding** - Copy the audit report with both colors, the ratio, and every pass or fail result. ## Who it's for - **Product designers** sampling text and surfaces from exported Figma or Sketch mockups. - **Accessibility reviewers** checking screenshots when source CSS values are not available. - **Front-end developers** verifying exact design-token pairs before implementation. - **Content and marketing teams** reviewing text placed over banners, cards, and graphics. ## Expert note Screenshot sampling can understate contrast when you click an anti-aliased edge, because that pixel is already blended with the background. Sample the solid center of a letter stroke and a nearby flat background pixel. For a formal audit, verify the underlying CSS colors whenever they are available. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are screenshots uploaded to CanDoYa? No. The browser decodes the selected image and reads its pixels locally with Canvas. The screenshot, sampled colors, and audit report are not sent to CanDoYa. The tool also works with pasted clipboard images, so you do not need to save a temporary file first. ### Is the WCAG contrast checker free? Yes. The checker is free to use without an account or a usage limit. You can test exact hex colors, load screenshots, sample as many pairs as needed, and copy each audit report directly from the browser. ### What image limits does the checker have? It accepts PNG, JPEG, WebP, GIF, and AVIF images up to 20 MB and 32 megapixels. Very large screenshots use substantial browser memory, so resize them first. The checker reads the first displayed frame of an animated image. ### What contrast ratio passes WCAG 2.2 AA? Normal text needs at least 4.5:1. Large text needs at least 3:1, and meaningful interface components and graphical objects also use a 3:1 threshold against adjacent colors. Logos, incidental text, and inactive controls have specific exceptions in WCAG. ### What counts as large text in WCAG? Large text is at least 18 point, roughly 24 CSS pixels, at regular weight or at least 14 point, roughly 18.5 CSS pixels, in bold. Thin or unusual typefaces can still be difficult to read, so aiming above the minimum is safer. ### Why should I sample the center of a letter? Browsers smooth letter edges by blending text and background colors. An edge pixel therefore has less contrast than the solid source color. The center of a thick stroke is more likely to represent the intended text color, while the background sample should come from a nearby flat area. ### Does a passing contrast ratio make a design accessible? No. This checker measures one foreground and background pair. A complete review also covers semantics, keyboard access, focus visibility, zoom, motion, component states, images, and information conveyed by color alone. Gradients and changing backgrounds may require checks at multiple points. ## Related tools - [Color Contrast Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-contrast-checker/) - [Accessible Palette Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/accessible-palette-generator/) - [Image Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/image-color-picker/) - [Color Picker](https://candoya.com/tools/color-picker/) - [HEX to RGB Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/hex-to-rgb/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Webcam Recorder Online With Microphone" description: "Record webcam video online with optional microphone audio, a live timer, local playback, retakes, and private WebM or MP4 download." url: https://candoya.com/tools/webcam-recorder/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Online Webcam Recorder Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is an online webcam recorder? An online webcam recorder captures video from your computer or phone camera without installing an app. Open the camera, frame your shot, and record with optional microphone audio. You can replay, retake, and download the clip while the camera stream and finished video remain in your browser. This recorder uses the browser's Media Capture and MediaRecorder APIs. It requests camera access only after you click Open camera and requests microphone access only when you enable it. The finished clip stays in this tab until you download, retake, delete, close, or reload the page. ## How to use it 1. **Choose microphone audio** - Leave Include microphone on for voice audio, or turn it off for a silent webcam recording. 2. **Open and frame the camera** - Click Open camera, approve the browser permission, and use the live preview to position yourself. 3. **Record your take** - Click Start recording, follow the elapsed timer, and stop when you are finished. 4. **Replay or retake** - Watch the local playback. Retake immediately if needed, or download the WebM or MP4 file produced by your browser. ## Who it's for - **Job seekers** can rehearse an interview answer and review eye contact, pacing, and sound before a real call. - **Teachers and students** can record a short explanation, assignment response, or class update without installing software. - **Remote teams** can create a quick face-to-camera status update for later sharing. - **Creators** can capture a private first take, download the original file, and continue editing in another app. ## Expert note The live preview is intentionally shown before recording starts, while the camera and microphone tracks are released as soon as a take ends. This gives you time to frame the shot without leaving the camera active after recording. Browser codec support determines whether the download is WebM or MP4. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my webcam recording uploaded? No. The browser captures the camera stream, collects recording chunks in memory, and creates a local playback URL in this tab. This tool does not upload your camera stream or completed clip to a processing server. Download the file before closing or reloading the page. ### Is the online webcam recorder free? Yes. You can open the camera, record, replay, retake, and download without an account, extension, watermark, or payment. The practical limit depends on available browser memory, storage space, camera resolution, and recording length, so download important takes promptly. ### How long can I record webcam video? The tool does not impose a fixed timer limit, but browser memory and device resources do. Longer, higher-resolution recordings consume more memory because the finished clip is assembled locally. For long sessions, record shorter takes and download each one before starting the next. ### Can I record webcam video with microphone audio? Yes. Keep Include microphone enabled before opening the camera, then approve the browser's camera and microphone request. If the browser returns no microphone track, the tool warns you and still lets you record silent video rather than claiming audio was captured. ### Why is my camera blocked or unavailable? Camera access requires HTTPS, browser permission, and an available device. Check the camera icon in the address bar, close video-call apps that may be using the camera, connect the device, and try again. The page reports permission, missing-device, and busy-camera errors separately. ### Does the webcam recorder work on phones? It can work in mobile browsers that support getUserMedia and MediaRecorder. The recorder prefers the front-facing camera and uses inline playback, but exact camera choices and recording formats vary by browser and device. Keep the page active while recording for the most reliable result. ### Will my webcam recording be MP4 or WebM? The recorder checks the MIME types that MediaRecorder says it supports and then uses the type reported by the actual recording. Most browsers create WebM, while some create MP4. The download label and filename use the real container instead of renaming one format as another. ## Related tools - [Screen Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/screen-recorder/) - [Video Trimmer](https://candoya.com/tools/video-trimmer/) - [Video Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/video-compressor/) - [Video Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/video-converter/) - [Auto Captions](https://candoya.com/tools/auto-captions/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "WebP to PNG Converter - Free and Private" description: "Convert WebP to PNG online with transparency, original dimensions, side-by-side previews, and private browser processing. No upload or sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/webp-to-png/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free WebP to PNG Converter Category: [Images](https://candoya.com/tools/image/) ## How does a WebP to PNG converter work? A WebP to PNG converter decodes a WebP image and saves the visible pixels in the lossless PNG format. This tool keeps the image dimensions and alpha transparency, then shows the result beside the source. Conversion happens in your browser, so the image is never uploaded for processing. This converter uses your browser's WebP decoder and Canvas PNG encoder. It is useful when a design app, document editor, or upload form will not accept WebP. The preview sits on a checkerboard so transparent areas stay visible. PNG uses lossless compression, so the result can be much larger than the compact WebP source. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a WebP** - Drop a .webp file into the converter, choose it from your device, or load the transparent example. 2. **Review the source** - Check the image, pixel dimensions, and animation notice before conversion. 3. **Convert to PNG** - Select Convert to PNG. The browser decodes the WebP and writes a lossless PNG locally. 4. **Copy or download** - Compare the file sizes, then copy the PNG image or download it with a clear filename. ## Who it's for - **Designers** can turn transparent WebP logos, icons, and overlays into PNG files for editors that do not accept WebP. - **Content teams** can reuse images saved from modern websites in slides, documents, and older publishing systems. - **Developers** can prepare a PNG test fixture or compatibility copy while keeping the source image's pixel dimensions. - **Privacy-conscious users** can convert screenshots and client assets without sending them to a file-processing server. ## Expert note Canvas conversion preserves the browser-decoded pixels and alpha channel, but it does not copy WebP metadata or animation. An animated WebP becomes one still PNG frame, and converting a lossy WebP cannot restore detail removed by its original compression. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my WebP uploaded during conversion? No. Your browser reads the WebP, decodes it locally, draws it to a Canvas, and creates the PNG on your device. The original and converted images are not sent to a processing server. Close or refresh the page and the in-memory preview is discarded. ### Is this WebP to PNG converter free? Yes. You can convert, preview, copy, and download a PNG without a subscription, watermark, or sign-up. The tool accepts one image at a time and has safety limits of 50 MB, 50 megapixels, and 16,384 pixels on either side. ### How many WebP files can I convert? You can convert one WebP at a time and repeat the process as often as needed. There is no daily quota. The one-file workflow keeps browser memory use predictable and lets you inspect each image and output size before downloading it. ### Does WebP to PNG preserve transparency? Yes. WebP and PNG both support an alpha channel, and the Canvas conversion keeps transparent and partially transparent pixels. The preview uses a checkerboard behind the image so you can distinguish transparency from solid white before downloading the PNG. ### Can I convert an animated WebP to an animated PNG? No. Standard PNG output is a still image. If the source WebP contains animation, this tool warns you and exports one browser-decoded frame. Keep the original WebP when you need motion, or use a dedicated animation converter for GIF, APNG, or video output. ### Why is the PNG larger than the WebP? PNG stores the decoded pixels with lossless compression, while WebP is designed for compact web delivery and may use lossy or more efficient lossless compression. A larger PNG is normal, especially for photographs. The converter reports both exact sizes instead of promising a smaller file. ### Does converting WebP to PNG improve quality? No. PNG avoids adding another lossy encoding step, but it cannot restore detail already removed from a lossy WebP. The output preserves the browser-decoded pixels from that point forward. Existing blur, ringing, or compression artifacts remain visible in the PNG. ### Which browsers can convert WebP to PNG? Current versions of Chrome, Edge, Firefox, and Safari can decode WebP and export PNG through Canvas. If a damaged file or an older browser cannot decode the source, the converter shows an error and leaves the original file unchanged. ## Related tools - [Image to WebP](https://candoya.com/tools/image-to-webp/) - [JPG to PNG](https://candoya.com/tools/jpg-to-png/) - [PNG to JPG](https://candoya.com/tools/png-to-jpg/) - [Image Compressor](https://candoya.com/tools/image-compressor/) - [Image Resizer](https://candoya.com/tools/image-resizer/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Weight Converter - kg, lb, oz, Stone and Ton" description: "Free weight converter for kilograms, pounds, ounces, stones, grams and tons. Get exact live results and mixed formats in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/weight-converter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Weight Converter Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you convert weight units? Choose the unit you have, enter a value, and select the unit you need. This weight converter calculates kilograms, pounds, ounces, stones, grams, metric tonnes, US tons and imperial tons instantly. It also shows every supported unit plus practical stones-and-pounds and pounds-and-ounces formats. The converter uses kilograms as a common base. Metric units scale by exact powers of ten, while the pound is fixed at exactly 0.45359237 kilograms. Ounces, stones and both ton systems follow from that definition. Results update as you type, and all calculations stay on the page. US and imperial tons are different: a US short ton is 2,000 pounds, while an imperial long ton is 2,240 pounds. They have separate labels here so a shipping or engineering conversion cannot silently use the wrong ton. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the weight** - Type one number. Decimals, negative changes, scientific notation, and either a dot or comma decimal mark are supported. 2. **Choose both units** - Select the unit you are converting from and the target unit. Use Swap units to reverse the direction. 3. **Read or copy the result** - The main answer updates live. Review every unit, check the mixed imperial formats, or copy the conversion line. ## Who it's for - **Travelers and fitness users** converting body weight between kilograms, pounds, and the stones-and-pounds format common in the UK and Ireland. - **Cooks and bakers** changing grams into ounces or pounds when a recipe and kitchen scale use different systems. - **Shipping teams** checking parcel, freight, and load values across kilograms, metric tonnes, and US or imperial tons. - **Students and engineers** verifying mass conversions with a visible factor and a complete all-units reference. - **Jewelry and laboratory work** moving between very small metric values such as micrograms and milligrams and larger practical units. ## Expert note A decimal stone result is not the same notation as stones and pounds. For example, 9.5 stone means 9 stone 7 pounds because half a stone is 7 pounds, not 9 stone 5 pounds. This converter shows the mixed form separately to prevent that common mistake. It also keeps US short tons and imperial long tons distinct, a 240 pound difference per ton. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this weight converter free? Yes. The weight converter is free to use with no sign-up and no conversion limit. Enter a value, choose two units, and the result updates immediately. ### Is the weight I enter uploaded? No. The conversion runs in your browser. The number you type is not sent to a server for processing or stored by the tool. ### Which weight units can I convert? You can convert micrograms, milligrams, grams, kilograms, metric tonnes, ounces, pounds, stones, US short tons, and imperial long tons. Any unit can be converted directly to any other supported unit. ### How many pounds are in one kilogram? One kilogram equals about 2.20462262 pounds. The reverse factor is exact: one international avoirdupois pound equals 0.45359237 kilograms. Multiply kilograms by about 2.20462 to get pounds. ### How do I convert kilograms to stones and pounds? Convert kilograms to pounds, divide by 14, and keep the whole-number stones. The remaining pounds form the second part. For example, 80 kg is about 176.37 lb, which is 12 stone and 8.37 pounds. ### What is the difference between a US ton and an imperial ton? A US short ton is exactly 2,000 pounds, or 907.18474 kg. An imperial long ton is 2,240 pounds, or 1,016.0469088 kg. A metric tonne is exactly 1,000 kg, so all three are different. ### Can I use decimals or negative values? Yes. Use a dot or a single comma as the decimal mark. Negative values are accepted because they are useful for changes such as weight loss or mass differences, even though a physical object's total mass cannot be negative. ## Related tools - [Length Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/length-converter/) - [Volume Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/volume-converter/) - [Temperature Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/temperature-converter/) - [Speed Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/speed-converter/) - [Data Storage Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/data-storage-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "White Noise Generator - Pink and Brown Noise" description: "Play white, pink, or brown noise online with volume, tone, and timer controls. Free, private, and generated entirely in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/white-noise-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # White Noise Generator Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a white noise generator? A white noise generator creates a steady broadband sound that can mask speech, traffic, and sudden background noises. This browser tool also makes softer pink noise and deeper brown noise, with volume, brightness, and timer controls. The sound is synthesized on your device instead of streamed from a recording. **No audio file is streamed and no microphone is opened.** Web Audio builds the signal locally while the page is active. You can also save a short mono WAV using the same color, volume, and brightness settings. ## How to use it 1. **Choose a noise color** - Pick bright white, balanced pink, or deep brown noise. 2. **Set a comfortable level** - Adjust volume and lower the brightness limit if the high frequencies feel sharp. 3. **Play or set a timer** - Start the signal, then optionally choose a 15, 30, or 60 minute automatic stop. 4. **Save a WAV** - Choose a short duration and download the current sound as a mono WAV file. ## Who it's for - **Remote workers** can mask nearby conversation or keyboard noise during a focused session. - **Sleepers** can try a low-volume pink or brown signal with an automatic stop timer. - **Audio learners** can compare equal-energy white noise with the lower-frequency emphasis of pink and brown noise. - **Creators and technicians** can download a short WAV for speaker checks, edits, or demos. ## Expert note White noise has roughly equal power per hertz, while pink noise falls about 3 dB per octave and brown noise about 6 dB per octave. That is why the same volume setting can make pink and brown noise feel less bright than white noise. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the white noise generator free? Yes. You can play white, pink, and brown noise, use the timer, and download short WAV files without an account or payment. There is no daily session limit, although playback stops when you close the page or your browser suspends the tab. ### Is any audio recorded or uploaded? No. The generator does not request microphone access, record your room, or upload a listening session. It synthesizes random samples with the Web Audio API on your device. Downloaded WAV files are also assembled locally inside the browser. ### How long can the noise play? Playback continues while the page remains open and active. You can leave the timer off or choose a 15, 30, or 60 minute stop. Browsers and mobile operating systems may pause audio when a tab is hidden, a device locks, or power-saving rules take over. ### What is the difference between white, pink, and brown noise? White noise spreads energy evenly per frequency and sounds bright. Pink noise reduces energy as frequency rises, giving a smoother balance per octave. Brown noise reduces high-frequency energy more steeply, producing the deepest and softest-sounding profile of the three. ### Which noise color is best for sleep or focus? There is no universal best color. White noise can mask sharper sounds, while many listeners find pink or brown noise gentler for long sessions. Try each at the lowest volume that covers the distraction. Personal comfort matters more than choosing a specific label. ### Can I use this for tinnitus? Broadband sound may help some people mask tinnitus temporarily, but this generator is not a diagnosis or treatment. Keep headphone and speaker levels comfortable. If tinnitus is persistent, one-sided, sudden, or distressing, seek advice from a qualified hearing professional. ### Does it work offline? Once this page and its code are loaded, the sound generation itself does not need a server connection. A browser may still require the page to remain open, and a fresh visit needs a connection unless the site is already cached on your device. ## Related tools - [Tone Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/tone-generator/) - [Frequency Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/frequency-generator/) - [Spectrum Analyzer](https://candoya.com/tools/spectrum-analyzer/) - [Audio Recorder](https://candoya.com/tools/audio-recorder/) - [Metronome](https://candoya.com/tools/metronome/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Whitespace Visualizer - Reveal Hidden Text" description: "Reveal spaces, tabs, line endings and invisible Unicode characters in text. Inspect indentation and trailing whitespace privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/whitespace-visualizer/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Whitespace Visualizer Online Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a whitespace visualizer? A whitespace visualizer makes hidden formatting visible by marking spaces, tabs, line endings and invisible Unicode characters. Paste text or code to inspect indentation, find trailing spaces and tell ordinary spaces from non-breaking or zero-width characters. The marked view updates instantly without changing your original text. Whitespace can look identical while behaving differently. A regular space allows wrapping, a non-breaking space keeps nearby text together, and a zero-width character can break search, comparison or import logic without leaving a visible gap. This text microscope gives those characters distinct, named markers. Use the visibility controls to reduce noise. You can hide ordinary spaces while keeping tabs, line endings and unusual Unicode markers visible. Trailing highlighting calls out spacing at line ends, where formatting bugs are especially easy to miss. ## How to use it 1. **Paste the text** - Enter code, prose or structured data in the input panel, or load the example. 2. **Read the markers** - Compare dots for spaces, arrows for tabs, line-ending labels and named Unicode tokens. 3. **Focus the view** - Toggle marker groups or trailing highlights to isolate the formatting issue you are checking. 4. **Copy the marked view** - Copy the visible representation when you need to share or document what was found. ## Who it's for - **Developers** checking mixed indentation, unexpected line endings and invisible characters in code or configuration files. - **Editors** finding non-breaking spaces, soft hyphens and stray trailing whitespace in copied drafts. - **Data teams** diagnosing values that look equal but fail exact matching, CSV imports or validation. - **Students** learning how spaces, tabs, line endings and Unicode controls are stored in plain text. ## Expert note CRLF is one line ending made from two code points, U+000D and U+000A. The visualizer counts it once but labels it separately from LF and CR so mixed line endings do not disappear into a generic return mark. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The visualizer processes text locally with JavaScript in your browser. Your pasted code, documents and data are not sent to a server, so you can inspect internal material without adding an upload step. ### Is the whitespace visualizer free? Yes. It is free to use without an account, download or fixed usage limit. Paste text, choose which markers to show and copy the marked representation when you are done. ### How much text can I inspect at once? There is no fixed character limit. Normal snippets and documents update instantly. Extremely large files can become slower because the browser must draw a marker for every visible whitespace character, so smaller sections are easier to inspect. ### What whitespace characters does it show? It marks ordinary spaces, tabs, LF, CR and CRLF line endings, non-breaking spaces, typographic Unicode spaces and common zero-width or direction controls. Distinct symbols and named tokens help separate characters that otherwise look identical. ### Can it find trailing whitespace? Yes. Enable Trailing whitespace to highlight spaces, tabs and invisible Unicode characters after the last visible character on each line. The summary also counts how many lines contain trailing characters. ### What is the difference between a space and a non-breaking space? A regular space, U+0020, normally allows a line to wrap. A non-breaking space, U+00A0, keeps the text on both sides together. They look similar, but string comparisons and formatting systems treat them as different characters. ### Does copying the output preserve the original whitespace? Copy creates a marked representation, not the original text. Visible dots, arrows and named tokens are copied so another person can see the formatting issue. Your unchanged source remains in the input panel. ### Does it work with non-English text? Yes. The analysis is based on Unicode characters, not English words or grammar. Letters, emoji and scripts such as Arabic, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Japanese and Korean remain visible while hidden formatting is marked around them. ## Related tools - [Trim Whitespace](https://candoya.com/tools/trim-whitespace/) - [Remove Extra Spaces](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-extra-spaces/) - [Remove Line Breaks](https://candoya.com/tools/remove-line-breaks/) - [Text Diff Checker](https://candoya.com/tools/text-diff/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Word Counter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free online word counter to count words, characters & sentences instantly. No sign-up, no download - your text stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Word Counter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a word counter? A word counter is a free tool that instantly counts the words, characters, sentences and paragraphs in your text and estimates reading time. Paste or type and the totals update live as you write - nothing is uploaded, so even sensitive drafts stay private on your device. The counter runs entirely in your browser using JavaScript, so your text never touches a server, there's no account, and there are no length limits beyond what your device can handle. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Type or paste your text into the box above. 2. **Read the counts** - Words, characters, sentences and paragraphs update live as you type. 3. **Copy or clear** - Copy the figures you need, or clear the box to start again. ## Who it's for - **Students** hitting an essay or assignment word limit. - **Writers and bloggers** tracking length and reading time. - **Social and ad teams** fitting character limits (280-character posts, 150-character meta descriptions). - **Translators and editors** billing by word count. ## Expert note We count a "word" as any whitespace-separated token, so "well-known" counts once and numbers count as words - which can differ slightly from your word processor, which may tokenize punctuation differently. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the word counter free? Yes - it's 100% free, with no sign-up and no limits. It runs in your browser. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. Everything is processed locally in your browser; your text never leaves your device. ### Does it count characters with and without spaces? Yes, both are shown, which is handy for character-limited fields like meta descriptions and social posts. ### How is reading time estimated? From your word count at an average reading speed of about 200 words per minute. ## Related tools - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Speaking Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/speaking-time-estimator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Word Frequency Counter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free word frequency counter to rank repeated words, counts and percentages instantly. Paste text and analyze it privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/word-frequency-counter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Word Frequency Counter Category: [Text & Writing](https://candoya.com/tools/text/) ## What is a word frequency counter? A word frequency counter ranks the words in your text by how often each one appears. Paste an article, transcript, essay or keyword list and the table updates live with counts, percentages and unique-word stats. Everything runs in your browser, so drafts and client text are not uploaded. Use this tool when the question is not just **how many words** you wrote, but which words dominate the piece. The counter uses browser word segmentation when available, normalizes case by default and lets you hide very short words when they make the table noisy. Copy the result as a tab-separated table for spreadsheets, audits or editorial notes. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your text** - Add any article, transcript, essay, notes file or list of search queries. 2. **Choose filters** - Keep Ignore case on for normal analysis, raise the minimum length to hide tiny words, and pick how many rows to show. 3. **Read the table** - Use the count and share columns to see which words dominate the text. 4. **Copy the results** - Copy the table as TSV and paste it into a spreadsheet, report or content brief. ## Who it's for - **Writers and editors** spot repeated phrasing before a draft goes live. - **SEO teams** compare page copy, headings and search-query exports without uploading client data. - **Students and researchers** summarize themes in interviews, notes and reading passages. - **Product teams** scan support tickets or survey comments for recurring language. ## Expert note Frequency tables are most useful before you remove context: scan the top repeated words, then search the original draft for any term that feels accidental. A high count can be a useful theme, a keyword target or just a writing habit to trim. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this word frequency counter free? Yes. The word frequency counter is free, does not require sign-up and works directly in your browser. You can paste normal drafts, long notes or search-query lists and copy the ranked table when you are done. ### Is my text uploaded anywhere? No. The analysis runs locally in your browser. Your articles, transcripts, client notes, support tickets and research text stay on your device instead of being sent to a server. ### What does the percentage mean? The percentage shows a word's share of all counted words after your filters are applied. If a word appears 5 times in 100 counted words, its share is 5%. ### Should I ignore uppercase and lowercase? Usually yes. Ignore case combines words such as Search, search and SEARCH into one row, which is better for editing and SEO checks. Turn it off only when capitalization itself matters. ### Why use a minimum word length? A minimum length hides very short words that can crowd the table. Set it to 2, 3 or 4 when tiny function words are less useful than repeated nouns, verbs, product names or topics. ### Does it work with non-English text? Yes. The counter uses Unicode-aware word handling and browser segmentation where available, so it can analyze many languages. Word boundaries can still vary by browser for languages that do not use spaces between words. ### Can I export the frequency table? Yes. Use Copy table to copy a tab-separated table with rank, word, count and percentage. It pastes cleanly into spreadsheets, docs and issue trackers. ## Related tools - [Word Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/word-counter/) - [Character Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/character-counter/) - [Reading Time Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/reading-time-estimator/) - [Sentence Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/sentence-counter/) - [Line Counter](https://candoya.com/tools/line-counter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Word Search Generator - Print Puzzles and Answers" description: "Create a word search with your own words. Choose grid size and difficulty, reveal the answer key, download SVGs, or print the puzzle and solution as a PDF." url: https://candoya.com/tools/word-search-generator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Word Search Generator Category: [Games & Fun](https://candoya.com/tools/games/) ## How do you make a word search with your own words? Enter a word list, choose a grid size and difficulty, then generate your puzzle. This word search generator places your words in a letter grid and fills the gaps with random letters. You can reveal the answer key, download a printable SVG, or print the puzzle with a separate solution sheet. Use Easy for words reading right or down. Medium adds diagonals running down-left and down-right. Hard permits all eight directions, including backwards. Grid size and difficulty are separate controls: a large grid offers more hiding space without changing the directions. A 15 by 15 grid is a useful starting point for a short classroom list. If a word is longer than the grid width, it cannot fit, even diagonally: a straight diagonal in a square still contains only that many cells. Increase the size or shorten the entry. ## How to use it 1. **Add your words** - Enter one word or phrase per line, or separate entries with commas. Use A-Z letters. Spaces, hyphens and straight apostrophes are removed, so ICE CREAM becomes ICECREAM. 2. **Choose the challenge** - Pick a 10, 15, 20 or 24 cell square grid and a difficulty. Add an optional title, then select Generate puzzle. Any words that could not be placed are listed clearly. 3. **Check the answer key** - Turn on Show answers to outline the placed letters. Copy the answer key for start and end coordinates, or select New layout to try another arrangement. 4. **Print or download** - Print / Save PDF opens a clean print window. Choose your browser's Save as PDF destination if available. Include answer key adds a separate solution page. Download SVG saves whichever view you are showing. ## Who it's for - Turn a weekly spelling list into a printable classroom activity. - Make a birthday puzzle from names, places and favorite things. - Review topic vocabulary using a themed puzzle and a separate teacher answer key. ## Expert note The generator tries up to 12 layouts, placing longer words first and allowing matching letters to overlap. It keeps the layout with the most placed words. This bounded search does not prove that an omitted word is impossible to fit. Filler may also spell extra copies or unintended words, so review every puzzle before distributing it. ## Frequently asked questions ### Are my words uploaded or made public? No. Your list, title and puzzle are processed in this browser. They are not uploaded to a puzzle service or published in a gallery. Download or print anything you want to keep before closing the page; the tool does not save your word list. ### Is this word search generator free? Yes. Creating puzzles, showing answers, copying text, downloading SVG files and printing are free. No account is needed. PDF output uses your browser's print dialog rather than a separate PDF download service. ### How many words can I use? Use up to 30 unique entries, each containing 2-24 letters after spaces, hyphens and apostrophes are removed. The input limit is 4,000 characters. Duplicate normalized entries are counted once. Dense lists may not all fit; omitted words are listed and excluded from the puzzle's word bank. ### Can I use accents or other alphabets? The grid supports only the 26 letters A-Z. Lowercase letters become uppercase, but accented letters, digits and other alphabets are rejected rather than silently changed. You can use words from any language that can be written with the supported letters. ### How do I print the puzzle with answers? Leave Include answer key checked and select Print / Save PDF. The puzzle and answer key occupy separate pages. Allow the print pop-up if your browser blocks it. For an image file, download the puzzle SVG, then turn on Show answers and download the key SVG. ### Can I reproduce the same puzzle later? Yes. Expand Repeat a layout and keep its seed together with the exact word list, entry order, grid size and difficulty. The same inputs reproduce the same layout in this version of the generator. New layout changes the seed. Editing inputs clears the old preview so exports always match the current puzzle. ### Does the answer key show every possible word occurrence? It marks the placements chosen by the generator, not every accidental occurrence in the finished grid. Short words and reversed word pairs can share cells. Random filler can form additional words, including unintended ones; there is no automatic word filter. ## Related tools - [Bingo Card Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/bingo-card-generator/) - [Maze Generator](https://candoya.com/tools/maze-generator/) - [Anagram Game](https://candoya.com/tools/anagram-game/) - [Sudoku Solver](https://candoya.com/tools/sudoku-solver/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Working Hours Calculator - Weekly Timesheet" description: "Working hours calculator for weekly shifts, unpaid breaks, overnight work and decimal totals. Add up to 14 shifts privately in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/working-hours-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Working Hours Calculator Category: [Converters](https://candoya.com/tools/convert/) ## How do you calculate working hours? A working hours calculator finds the time from each shift's start to its end, subtracts unpaid breaks, and adds the paid minutes for the week. Enter one or more shifts to see daily totals, decimal hours, and hours above your chosen overtime threshold. Overnight shifts are handled automatically. The calculator works entirely in your browser and does not upload or save your schedule. It uses exact minute totals, so a 30-minute lunch is deducted as 0.5 decimal hours rather than rounded away. The overtime split is only a planning aid: set the threshold that applies to your workplace and confirm payroll or legal rules separately. ## How to use it 1. **Add each shift** - Choose its starting day, enter the start and end times, and add any unpaid break in minutes. 2. **Check the row total** - The paid duration appears immediately. An end earlier than the start is treated as the following day and marked overnight. 3. **Set the threshold** - Adjust the weekly overtime threshold to match the rule or target you need to compare against. 4. **Use the weekly summary** - Review paid, gross, break, regular, overtime, decimal, and daily totals, then copy the summary if needed. ## Who it's for - **Hourly workers** checking a weekly timesheet before submitting it to payroll. - **Freelancers and contractors** converting several work sessions into invoice-ready decimal hours. - **Shift workers** adding evening and overnight work without doing midnight rollover by hand. - **Managers and coordinators** reviewing planned hours, unpaid breaks, and workload against a weekly target. ## Expert note Each overnight shift is assigned to the day on which it starts. For example, Sunday 22:00 to Monday 06:00 appears under Sunday, while its full paid duration still counts in the weekly total. This keeps split and overnight rows predictable without guessing how a payroll system closes its week. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the working hours calculator free? Yes. The calculator is free, needs no account, and has no download. You can add up to 14 shifts in one weekly calculation, which also allows split shifts on the same day. ### Is my work schedule uploaded or saved? No. Your days, times, breaks, and totals stay in the current browser tab. The calculation runs locally and does not send the schedule to a server or save it to an account. ### How many shifts can I calculate? You can calculate up to 14 shifts at once. That covers two shifts per day across a seven-day week. Add separate rows for split shifts, or clear rows you do not need. ### How are lunch and other breaks deducted? Enter the total unpaid break for a shift in minutes. The calculator subtracts that number from the gross time between start and end. A break must be shorter than the shift, and paid breaks should not be entered. ### Can it calculate an overnight shift? Yes. When the end time is earlier than the start, the calculator treats the end as the next day. A shift from 22:00 to 06:00 is therefore eight gross hours before any unpaid break is deducted. ### How do I convert hours and minutes to decimal hours? The calculator divides total paid minutes by 60. For example, 7 hours 30 minutes is 7.5 decimal hours, while 7 hours 20 minutes is about 7.33. The displayed decimal total is rounded for reading; the internal weekly total stays in whole minutes. ### Does the overtime total match payroll law? Not necessarily. The tool simply places paid minutes above your chosen weekly threshold in the overtime column. Overtime rules can depend on country, region, contract, daily limits, and pay period, so confirm the rule that applies to you. ### Is this also a time card or timesheet calculator? Yes. Working hours calculator, work hours calculator, time card calculator, and timesheet calculator often describe the same weekly task: add clock-in and clock-out times, subtract unpaid breaks, and total the paid hours. ## Related tools - [Time Between Two Times Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-between-two-times/) - [Time Duration Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/time-duration-calculator/) - [Business Days Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/business-days-calculator/) - [Meeting Time Planner](https://candoya.com/tools/meeting-time-planner/) - [Time Zone Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/timezone-converter/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "XML Formatter - Format & Validate XML" description: "Free online XML formatter to beautify, validate and minify XML in your browser. No upload, no sign-up." url: https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free XML Formatter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an XML formatter do? An XML formatter turns compact or messy XML into readable, consistently indented markup and checks whether the document is well formed. Paste XML, choose an indent style and copy the formatted or minified result. The parser runs in your browser, so private feeds, SVG snippets and config files are not uploaded. This tool checks the **well-formed XML structure** first: one root element, matching open and close tags, quoted attributes and closed comments, CDATA sections and processing instructions. It then formats the same text tree without rendering your markup as HTML. ## How to use it 1. **Paste XML** - Add an XML document, SVG snippet, SOAP payload or feed sample to the input box. 2. **Read the status** - The status bar validates the XML live and shows the first well-formedness error with a line and column when available. 3. **Choose the output** - Use Beautify for indented XML or Minify for a compact single-line version. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the formatted XML once the status says it is valid. ## Who it's for - **Developers** cleaning API responses, SOAP payloads, SVG snippets and XML config files before debugging them. - **QA and support teams** checking whether copied XML is well formed before attaching it to a ticket. - **Technical writers** preparing readable XML examples for docs, tutorials or release notes. - **Data teams** reviewing feeds where nested elements and attributes are hard to scan in a single line. ## Expert note XML formatters should not treat markup like HTML. This tool keeps comments, CDATA and processing instructions as text tokens, then checks tag nesting before it ever produces output. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the XML formatter free? Yes. The XML formatter is free to use, with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. Paste XML, format it, minify it and copy the result from the browser. ### Is my XML uploaded anywhere? No. The formatter runs locally in your browser. Your XML is placed in textareas and is not sent to a server, which is useful for private feeds, internal API payloads and configuration files. ### What XML errors does it catch? It catches common well-formedness problems such as a missing root element, more than one root element, mismatched closing tags, unclosed tags, unclosed comments or CDATA sections and unquoted attribute values. ### Does it validate against an XSD or DTD? No. This is a well-formedness formatter, not a schema validator. It checks XML syntax and nesting, then beautifies the document. Use a dedicated XML schema validator when you need XSD, DTD, Relax NG or Schematron rules. ### Does it preserve comments and CDATA? Yes. Comments, CDATA sections, XML declarations, processing instructions and DOCTYPE declarations stay in the output. Spacing around tags and indentation are normalized so the structure is easier to read. ### What does XML minify do? Minify removes formatting whitespace between tags and collapses tag spacing where it is safe, producing a compact XML string. It keeps text content, comments, CDATA sections and attributes intact. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [HTML Entity Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/html-entity-encode-decode/) - [URL Encode and Decode](https://candoya.com/tools/url-encode-decode/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "XML Minifier - Compress XML Online" description: "Free XML minifier to remove formatting whitespace and optional comments, validate structure and measure exact byte savings in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/xml-minifier/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free XML Minifier Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does an XML minifier do? An XML minifier compresses a document by removing indentation, line breaks between tags and optional comments while keeping elements, attributes, text, CDATA and processing instructions intact. Paste XML to get a validated compact result with exact UTF-8 byte savings. Everything runs locally in your browser. This tool uses a **structure-aware XML scanner** instead of a broad whitespace replacement. It validates tag nesting and quoted attributes, preserves content inside text and CDATA nodes, and honors inherited `xml:space="preserve"` sections. Turn off comment removal when review notes must remain. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your XML** - Add a complete XML document to the input editor, paste from your clipboard or load the example. 2. **Choose comment handling** - Keep comment removal on for the smallest result, or turn it off when XML comments must stay in the output. 3. **Review the validation and savings** - The tool checks well-formedness, then reports the original size, compact size, whitespace removed and exact UTF-8 bytes saved. 4. **Copy the minified XML** - Copy the compact result into your build output, request body, test fixture or local project. ## Who it's for - **API developers** reducing XML request and response payloads before testing or deployment. - **Release engineers** stripping development comments and indentation from configuration files while keeping a readable source copy. - **Data teams** compacting feeds, sitemaps and export fixtures before transport or storage. - **QA teams** checking that edited XML remains well formed before it enters an integration test. ## Expert note Without a DTD or XSD, a browser cannot prove whether every whitespace-only text node is semantically insignificant. This minifier follows the common deployment convention of removing whitespace between tags, but it preserves every non-whitespace text node and any subtree marked with xml:space="preserve". ## Frequently asked questions ### Is this XML minifier free? Yes. The XML minifier is free to use without an account, download or usage quota. Paste a document, review the live compact result and copy it directly from your browser. ### Is my XML uploaded anywhere? No. XML parsing, minification and byte measurement run locally in your browser. The document you paste is not sent to a server, which makes the tool suitable for private API payloads, feeds and configuration files. ### How much XML can I minify? There is no server-side upload limit because no XML leaves your device. The practical limit depends on available browser memory, but ordinary feeds, API payloads, SVG documents and configuration files should update immediately. ### Does XML minification change text or attribute values? No. The minifier preserves non-whitespace text, quoted attribute values, CDATA sections, processing instructions and DOCTYPE declarations. It removes formatting whitespace between tags and can remove comments. Sections marked with xml:space="preserve" keep their whitespace. ### Can I keep XML comments? Yes. Clear the Remove XML comments option and comments stay in the compact output. Leave it selected when development notes are not required in the deployed document and you want the smallest result. ### Does this validate XML against an XSD or DTD? No. The tool checks well-formed XML syntax, including one root element, matching tags, quoted attributes and closed comments or CDATA sections. It does not load external schemas or confirm business rules defined by XSD, DTD, Relax NG or Schematron. ### Can I restore the original XML formatting later? A formatter can add indentation to compact XML, but it cannot recover removed comments or the exact original line breaks. Keep the readable source in version control and treat the minified copy as build or transport output. ## Related tools - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [HTML Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/html-minifier/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) - [JSON to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-xml/) - [XML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-to-json/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "XML to JSON Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Free XML to JSON converter for attributes, repeated elements, namespaces and CDATA. Get formatted JSON instantly without uploading your data." url: https://candoya.com/tools/xml-to-json/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # XML to JSON Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert XML to JSON? Paste well-formed XML and this XML to JSON converter maps elements to object keys, repeated sibling tags to arrays, attributes to @-prefixed properties, and mixed text to #text. It keeps scalar text as strings, formats the result for reading or code, and runs entirely in your browser. **XML and JSON describe trees differently.** XML has attributes, namespaces and mixed text, while JSON has objects, arrays and scalar values. This converter uses a documented mapping so the result is predictable. It rejects DOCTYPE declarations instead of expanding custom entities, and it never sends your source document to a server. ## How to use it 1. **Paste XML** - Enter one well-formed XML document or load the example to see the mapping. 2. **Choose the JSON format** - Select indentation and decide whether @-prefixed attribute properties should be included. 3. **Review the conversion** - Check the root object, arrays made from repeated tags, and any #text properties. 4. **Copy or download JSON** - Copy the result to your clipboard or save it as a .json file. ## Who it's for - **API developers** can turn SOAP or legacy service responses into JSON fixtures for tests and debugging. - **Data teams** can inspect product feeds, RSS documents and configuration exports with familiar JSON tooling. - **Frontend developers** can convert small XML samples before adapting them to application models. - **Technical writers** can make nested XML examples easier to scan and explain. ## Expert note Numeric-looking XML text remains a JSON string on purpose: preserving values such as product code 0012 avoids the silent type and leading-zero changes caused by automatic coercion. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my XML uploaded? No. Parsing and conversion happen locally in your browser, and the document is not sent to a conversion service. The converter uses a pure JavaScript parser in the page, which also means it can work after the page has loaded even if your connection drops. ### Is this XML to JSON converter free? Yes. You can convert XML, change the output formatting, copy the JSON and download a .json file without paying or creating an account. There is no usage counter. Practical limits depend on the memory and processing power available to your browser. ### How are XML attributes represented in JSON? Each XML attribute becomes a property prefixed with @ on its element. For example, becomes an object with an @id property. Turn off Keep attributes when you only need the element hierarchy and text values. ### How are repeated XML elements converted? Sibling elements with the same name become a JSON array, while a single element becomes one property value. This common compact mapping is data-dependent, so code consuming variable feeds should allow for either one value or an array unless the source schema guarantees repetition. ### Does the converter support namespaces and CDATA? Yes. Namespace prefixes remain in element and attribute names, and CDATA content is treated as text. Namespace declarations are attributes when attribute preservation is on. Comments and processing instructions are ignored because standard JSON has no direct equivalent for them. ### Why are XML numbers and booleans JSON strings? XML text has no built-in JSON-style number or boolean type without a schema. Keeping text as strings preserves exact source values, including leading zeros and large identifiers. Convert fields to application-specific types later when you know the schema and intended meaning. ### What XML cannot be converted? The input must contain one well-formed root element with matching tags and quoted attributes. DOCTYPE and custom entity declarations are rejected for predictable local parsing. Mixed text is collected under #text, so its exact order around child elements cannot be represented by this compact object mapping. ## Related tools - [JSON to XML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-xml/) - [XML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/xml-formatter/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [YAML to JSON Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-to-json/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "YAML Formatter - Format & Validate YAML" description: "Free online YAML formatter to validate and clean up YAML with comments, anchors and block strings. Runs in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free YAML Formatter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a YAML formatter do? A YAML formatter checks whether pasted YAML is valid, then rewrites it with consistent indentation so configuration files are easier to read. It keeps YAML features such as comments, anchors, aliases and multiline block strings in the formatted output. Everything runs in your browser, so your config text is not uploaded. This formatter uses the **YAML 1.2 parser** from the yaml package. It parses the document first, reports the first syntax error with a line and column when available, and only then produces a normalized YAML document. ## How to use it 1. **Paste YAML** - Add a YAML document or YAML stream to the input box. 2. **Check the status** - The status bar validates the syntax live and shows the first parser diagnostic when the YAML is invalid. 3. **Choose indentation** - Switch between 2-space and 4-space indentation for the formatted output. 4. **Copy the result** - Copy the formatted YAML once the status says it is valid. ## Who it's for - **Developers** checking Kubernetes, GitHub Actions, Docker Compose or CI configuration before committing it. - **DevOps and SRE teams** reviewing anchors, aliases and inherited settings in shared YAML files. - **Support and QA engineers** cleaning up copied snippets while preserving comments for a bug report. - **Writers and educators** preparing readable YAML examples with consistent indentation. ## Expert note YAML comments and anchors belong to the document tree, not to plain JavaScript objects. This tool formats the parsed YAML document directly instead of converting through JSON, which is why comments, aliases and literal block strings can remain in the output. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the YAML formatter free? Yes. The YAML formatter is free to use, with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. Paste YAML, read the validation result and copy the formatted output. ### Is my YAML uploaded anywhere? No. Parsing and formatting happen locally in your browser. That makes it suitable for private configuration files, deployment snippets, CI settings and other text you do not want to paste into a server-side tool. ### Does it preserve YAML comments and anchors? Yes, it formats the YAML document tree rather than converting through JSON, so comments, anchors, aliases, merge keys and block strings can stay in the output. Whitespace and quote style may still be normalized by the parser. ### Why is my YAML invalid? Common causes include mixed indentation, a missing colon after a key, an unterminated flow list, tabs used as indentation, or an alias that points to an undefined anchor. The status message shows the parser error and line number when available. ### Can it format multiple YAML documents? Yes. YAML streams that use document markers such as three hyphens are parsed and formatted as multiple documents, and the status panel reports the document count. ### Does the formatter change YAML values? It should not change the parsed meaning of valid YAML, but it may normalize indentation, quotes, collection layout and comment placement. Review the output before replacing a production configuration file. ## Related tools - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/) - [JSON Minifier](https://candoya.com/tools/json-minifier/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "YAML to JSON Converter - Free Online Tool" description: "Convert YAML to JSON online with live validation, multi-document support and clean formatting. Your config stays in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-to-json/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # YAML to JSON Converter Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## How do you convert YAML to JSON? Paste YAML into the converter and it parses the document into the same objects, arrays and scalar values, then serializes them as strict JSON. You can choose compact, 2-space or 4-space output. Multiple YAML documents become one JSON array, and all processing stays in your browser. YAML is convenient for human-edited configuration, while JSON is accepted by nearly every API, script and web application. This converter handles YAML 1.2 mappings, sequences, block strings, anchors and aliases, then creates JSON you can copy or download. Comments are removed because JSON has no comment syntax. The conversion runs locally with no upload or account. That makes it useful for Kubernetes manifests, deployment settings and internal configuration that may contain hostnames, tokens or other sensitive values. ## How to use it 1. **Paste your YAML** - Type YAML, paste a snippet or load the multi-document example. 2. **Choose JSON spacing** - Use compact output or select 2-space or 4-space indentation. The conversion updates live. 3. **Copy or download** - Review the status message, then copy the JSON or save it as a .json file. ## Who it's for - **DevOps engineers** converting Kubernetes, Docker Compose, Helm or CI configuration for APIs and automation. - **Backend developers** turning YAML fixtures, OpenAPI data or service settings into JSON for code and tests. - **Technical writers** checking that a YAML example maps to the JSON structure readers expect. ## Expert note YAML integers can exceed JSON's reliably representable range in JavaScript. When a value is outside the safe integer range, this converter writes its exact decimal digits as a JSON string and tells you, avoiding silent numeric rounding. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my YAML uploaded when I convert it? No. Parsing and JSON serialization happen in your browser. The YAML is not submitted to a conversion server, so private configuration stays on your device. As with any browser tool, avoid sharing the page state or copied output if the source contains secrets. ### Is this YAML to JSON converter free? Yes. You can convert, copy and download JSON without signing up or installing software. There is no artificial document count limit because the work runs on your device. Very large files can still be limited by the memory and speed available in your browser. ### What happens to YAML comments? Comments are removed during conversion because standard JSON has no comment syntax. Keys and values remain, but notes beginning with # do not. If a comment must survive, store that note as a real field such as _comment before converting. ### Does it support multiple YAML documents separated by ---? Yes. A YAML stream with two or more documents is converted into one JSON array, in source order. Each array item represents one YAML document. A single YAML document remains a single JSON object, array or scalar rather than being wrapped unnecessarily. ### How are YAML anchors and aliases converted? Anchors and aliases are resolved before JSON is written. Because JSON has no anchor syntax, each alias becomes the full referenced value in the output. Circular or excessively expanded aliases are rejected instead of allowing an unsafe or misleading conversion. ### Why does the converter reject some YAML values? Custom tags and YAML-only values such as sets, binary data, timestamps and non-finite numbers can carry types that strict JSON cannot represent. Silently changing them would alter the document, so the converter reports them as unsupported. Quote the value to keep it as text, or replace it with an explicit JSON-compatible mapping, sequence or scalar. ## Related tools - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/) - [YAML Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-validator/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "YAML Validator - Free Online Syntax Check" description: "Free online YAML validator to check syntax, find line and column errors, preview valid YAML and keep config text in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-validator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free YAML Validator Category: [Developer](https://candoya.com/tools/dev/) ## What does a YAML validator do? A YAML validator checks whether pasted YAML is valid before you save or deploy it. It parses the text live, reports the first syntax error with a line and column when available, and shows a normalized preview only after the document passes validation. Nothing is uploaded. This validator uses a **strict YAML 1.2 parser** and treats parser diagnostics as failures, including duplicate map keys and unresolved aliases. The preview is intentionally secondary: use it to inspect valid YAML, not as a replacement for a dedicated formatter. ## How to use it 1. **Paste YAML** - Paste a YAML document or YAML stream into the input box. 2. **Read the status** - The validator updates live and shows either Valid YAML or the first parser error. 3. **Use the location** - When the parser exposes a position, jump to the reported line and column in your editor. 4. **Copy the preview** - For valid YAML, copy the normalized preview or use the stats panel to review the document shape. ## Who it's for - **Developers** checking Kubernetes, GitHub Actions, Docker Compose, OpenAPI or app config before committing a change. - **DevOps and SRE teams** catching indentation mistakes, duplicate keys and broken anchors before a deployment. - **Support engineers** validating YAML snippets from tickets without uploading private environment values. - **Technical writers** testing examples that include comments, lists, mappings and multiline block strings. ## Expert note YAML can look valid while still failing a strict parser because indentation controls structure and map keys must be unique. This tool validates the YAML document tree directly, so anchors, aliases, merge keys and block scalars are checked as YAML rather than treated like plain text. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the YAML validator free? Yes. The YAML validator is free to use, with no sign-up, no download and no usage limit. Paste YAML, read the validation result and copy the valid preview when you need it. ### Is my YAML uploaded anywhere? No. Validation happens locally in your browser. That is useful for deployment snippets, CI files, secrets templates and other configuration text you do not want to send to a server-side checker. ### What errors can a YAML validator catch? It can catch syntax problems such as broken indentation, missing colons, unterminated flow lists, duplicate map keys and aliases that reference a missing anchor. Parser wording can vary, but the status message shows the first diagnostic and location when available. ### Does it validate multiple YAML documents? Yes. YAML streams with document markers are parsed as multiple documents, and the stats panel reports the document count. If any document has a parser error, the whole input is marked invalid. ### Is this also a YAML formatter? It shows a normalized preview after validation, but the main job is syntax checking and diagnostics. Use the YAML formatter when you want indentation controls and a formatting-first workflow. ### Why does valid-looking YAML fail? YAML is whitespace-sensitive, so a single extra space can move a key into a different mapping or list. Strict parsers also reject duplicate keys and unresolved aliases because those cases make configuration files ambiguous or unusable. ## Related tools - [YAML Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/yaml-formatter/) - [JSON Validator](https://candoya.com/tools/json-validator/) - [JSON Formatter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-formatter/) - [JSON to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/json-to-yaml/) - [CSV to YAML Converter](https://candoya.com/tools/csv-to-yaml/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Z-Score Calculator - Standard Score & Percentile" description: "Free z-score calculator: enter a raw value, the mean and standard deviation to get the standard score, its percentile, and the probability - instantly in your browser." url: https://candoya.com/tools/z-score-calculator/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Z-Score Calculator Category: [Calculators](https://candoya.com/tools/calc/) ## What is a z-score? A z-score, or standard score, tells you how many standard deviations a value sits above or below the mean: z = (x − mean) / standard deviation. This free calculator returns z from your raw value, mean and standard deviation, plus its percentile and the normal-distribution probabilities - all in your browser. Everything runs locally. Your numbers are parsed in the browser, z and the normal-curve probabilities are computed on the page, and nothing is uploaded or stored. Change any field and the result updates instantly; it works offline once loaded. ## How to use it 1. **Enter the raw score** - Type the value you want to standardize into the raw score (x) box. 2. **Enter the mean and standard deviation** - Add the distribution's mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ). The standard deviation must be greater than 0. 3. **Read the result** - The z-score appears with a plain-language reading, alongside its percentile, the cumulative and upper-tail probabilities, and the two-tailed p-value. Use Copy results to grab them all. ## Who it's for - **Students** converting an exam mark or lab measurement into a standard score for a statistics assignment without opening a z-table. - **Researchers and analysts** standardizing values, flagging outliers, and reading the percentile or p-value straight off the score. - **Teachers** showing a class how the same raw score maps to different z-scores and percentiles as the mean and spread change. - **Quality and finance folks** checking how far a data point sits from the average in standard-deviation units before acting on it. - **Anyone comparing scores** on different scales - a z-score puts an SAT mark and a class test on the same footing. ## Expert note The percentile and probabilities here assume the data follows a normal (bell) distribution - the z-score itself is always just (x − mean) / sd, but reading a percentile off it is only meaningful when the distribution is roughly normal. This tool treats the mean and standard deviation you enter as population parameters, so it uses the standard-normal Z rather than a t-distribution; for a small sample where you estimated σ from the data, a t-score is often the more honest choice. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is the z-score calculator free? Yes - 100% free, no sign-up, and no limits. The whole calculation runs in your browser and your numbers are never uploaded. ### How do you calculate a z-score? Subtract the mean from your value, then divide by the standard deviation: z = (x − μ) / σ. A z of +1.5 means the value is 1.5 standard deviations above the mean; a negative z means it is below the mean. ### How do I turn a z-score into a percentile? The percentile is the area under the standard normal curve to the left of z, written Φ(z). This tool computes it for you: a z of 0 is the 50th percentile, +1 is about the 84th, +1.96 about the 97.5th. It uses a high-accuracy approximation of the normal CDF that matches a printed z-table to four decimals. ### What is a good or normal z-score? There is no single 'good' z-score - it depends on context. As a rough guide, about 95% of values in a normal distribution fall between z = −2 and +2, so |z| under 2 is typical, 2 to 3 is unusual, and 3 or more is extreme. A higher z is only 'better' when a higher raw value is better. ### What is the two-tailed p-value shown here? It is P(|Z| > |z|) = 2 × (1 − Φ(|z|)), the probability of seeing a value at least this far from the mean in either direction. For z = ±1.96 it is about 0.05, which is why 1.96 is the classic cutoff for a 95% confidence level. ### What is the difference between a z-score and a t-score? A z-score uses the known population standard deviation and the normal distribution. A t-score is used when the standard deviation is estimated from a small sample; it follows the heavier-tailed t-distribution. For large samples the two nearly coincide. This calculator computes the z-score. ### Can a z-score be negative or greater than 3? Yes. A negative z-score simply means the value is below the mean. Z-scores are unbounded, so values far from the mean can exceed +3 or drop below −3, though in a normal distribution fewer than about 0.3% of values do. ## Related tools - [Correlation Coefficient Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/correlation-coefficient/) - [Standard Deviation Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/standard-deviation-calculator/) - [Variance Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/variance-calculator/) - [Mean, Median & Mode Calculator](https://candoya.com/tools/mean-average-calculator/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .* --- title: "Zero-Shot Classifier - Private Text Labels" description: "Use a private zero-shot classifier to rank English text against labels you choose. Runs on-device with WebGPU or a CPU fallback, with no text upload." url: https://candoya.com/tools/zero-shot-classifier/ locale: en type: browser-tool --- # Free Zero-Shot Classifier Category: [Social & Creator](https://candoya.com/tools/social/) ## What is a zero-shot classifier? A zero-shot classifier sorts text into labels you provide without needing labeled examples or model training. This tool turns each label into a natural language inference test, ranks the matches, and runs the English MobileBERT model inside your browser. Your text stays on your device while the public model downloads separately. **This classifier uses Xenova's MobileBERT MNLI model through Transformers.js.** It compares your text with a simple hypothesis for every candidate label. Choose one mode makes all labels compete and normalizes their scores across the set. Allow several mode treats each label independently, which suits passages that can belong to multiple categories. The WebGPU path uses quantized model weights of about 21 MB. The WebAssembly CPU fallback uses about 26 MB, plus tokenizer files and the runtime. Browsers normally cache downloads, but private browsing, cleared storage, or storage pressure can cause another download. The text you enter is passed only to the browser worker, not to the model host. ## How to use it 1. **Enter text and candidate labels** - Paste one focused English passage, then add between 2 and 12 short labels separated by commas or new lines. 2. **Choose how labels relate** - Use Choose one when exactly one category should win. Use Allow several when several labels can all describe the passage. 3. **Run and review the ranking** - Start classification, allow the first model download to finish, and compare the full score list rather than relying on the leading label alone. 4. **Refine or copy** - Rewrite vague or overlapping labels and run again. Copy the ranked scores when the label set gives a useful comparison. ## Who it's for - **Support teams** testing labels such as billing, bug report, feature request, and praise before designing a routing workflow. - **Product researchers** exploring themes in English survey answers or interview notes without uploading unpublished text for inference. - **Meeting and voice-note users** comparing a transcript excerpt with labels such as decision, action item, risk, or follow-up. - **Developers and analysts** prototyping a label set before collecting examples for a supervised classifier or adding human review rules. ## Expert note Zero-shot scores depend on label wording and on the other labels in the set. In Choose one mode, adding a near-duplicate label can split the normalized score; in Allow several mode, two overlapping labels can both score highly. Test a label set on known examples before using it for real routing, and keep a person in the loop for consequential decisions. ## Frequently asked questions ### Is my text uploaded to a server? No. Classification runs in a worker inside your browser, and your pasted text is not sent to CanDoYa, jsDelivr, or Hugging Face. The worker does request the public Transformers.js runtime and model files. Those download requests do not include the text or labels you entered. ### Is the zero-shot classifier free? Yes. There is no account, API key, payment, or server-side usage quota. Your device performs inference. The practical costs are the first model download, browser storage, memory, processing time, and any data charge from your network provider for downloading the public files. ### How much text and how many labels can I use? The tool accepts 2 to 12 unique labels and classifies the first 1,600 Unicode characters of the normalized text. Each label can contain up to 60 characters. Longer documents should be split into coherent passages because one score list cannot describe every topic in a mixed document. ### What is the difference between Choose one and Allow several? Choose one assumes the labels are mutually exclusive, so their scores are normalized together and total about 100 percent. Allow several compares entailment and contradiction separately for every label. Its scores are independent, so several labels can rank highly and the total does not need to equal 100 percent. ### What do zero-shot classification scores mean? Scores express how strongly this English NLI model matches the text to the supplied labels under the selected mode. They are useful for ranking and comparison, but they are not calibrated guarantees that a label is correct. Domain language, label wording, ambiguity, and out-of-distribution text can change them. ### Which languages does the classifier support? The selected uncased MobileBERT MNLI model was trained and fine-tuned for English, so this page marks the tool English only. Other languages may still produce numbers, but those values lack the same training basis and should not be treated as reliable classification results. ### Does it work without WebGPU? Yes. The worker tries WebGPU when the browser and graphics adapter expose it. If WebGPU is unavailable or fails, the tool restarts with the WebAssembly CPU backend. The fallback uses the same MobileBERT classifier and keeps text local, but model loading and inference can take longer. ### Can I use the result for automatic decisions? Use it for experiments, drafting label sets, or low-risk triage with human review. Do not use one model score by itself for employment, credit, health, safety, legal, moderation, or other consequential decisions. Validate the label set with representative examples and define a review path for uncertain cases. ## Related tools - [Sentiment Analysis](https://candoya.com/tools/sentiment-analysis/) - [Keyword Extractor](https://candoya.com/tools/keyword-extractor/) - [Named Entity Recognition](https://candoya.com/tools/named-entity-recognition/) - [Language Detector](https://candoya.com/tools/language-detector/) - [Text Similarity](https://candoya.com/tools/text-similarity/) --- *Markdown edition of , published for AI agents and other automated readers. Index of key pages: .*